人教版八年级英语上册单元速记·巧练Unit1【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)

这是一份人教版八年级英语上册单元速记·巧练Unit1【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)，共65页。

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?考点1 go on vacation 去度假[教材原句]　Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了？go on vacation意为“去度假”；vacation名词，意为“假期”，同义词为holiday。be on vacation意为“在度假”。☞ I want to go on vacation in Hainan this winter. 今年冬天我想去海南度假。☞ They are on vacation at the seaside. 他们正在海边度假。 【经典练】1．（2022秋·湖北武汉·八年级统考期末）—Where did you go on vacation last winter?—I _________ to Hainan with my family and had a good time there.A．fly B．flew C．flying D．will fly2．（2022秋·山东滨州·八年级统考期末）—________?—It was nice and interesting.A．Where did you go on vacation B．When did you go on vacationC．How was your vacation D．Did you enjoy your vacation【写作佳句】A perfect vacation depends on your wise resolution and action.完美的假期取决于你明智的决定和行动。（2022·湖北宜昌·统考中考真题）考点2.anyone＂任何人＂[教材原句]Did you go with anyone? 你和和别人一起去的吗？（1）这是一个一般疑问句，询问的是发生在过去的事情。由助动词提问，回答也用助动词did。一般过去时的一般疑问句的句子结构是＂Did+ 主语+ 动词原形+其他?＂。其肯定回答是：Yes, 主格代词+did；否定回答是：No, 主格代词+ didn’t.。（2）anyone是不定代词，意为＂任何人＂，相当于anybody，常用于否定句或疑问句中，代替someone/somebody。 ☞ Is anyone here? 有人在吗？ ☞ He told her not to tell anyone. 他告诉她不要告诉任何人。【易混辨析】 anyone和any one【注意】anyone作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。☞ Is anyone watching the football match? 有人看足球比赛吗？【经典练】1．（2023·安徽蚌埠·统考二模）Sally’s really enjoying her new school for ________ there has been kind to her.A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．no one2．（2022春·江苏扬州）—Can you cook eggs with tomatoes?—Yes, of course. ________ can do it. It’s easy.A．Anyone B．Someone C．No one D．None【写作佳句】I didn’t want to be treated differently from anyone else. 我不想被区别对待。（2018·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）考点3 anywhere副词，意为＂在任何地方，什么地方＂。[教材原句]Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? 噢，你去什么有趣的地方了吗？ anywhere副词，意为＂在任何地方，什么地方＂。 ☞ I can’t see it anywhere. 我哪儿也见不到它。【易混辨析】 anywhere, somewhere, everywhere与nowhere☞ Are you going anywhere tonight? 今晚你要去什么地方吗？ ☞ I think I saw it somewhere. 我想我在某个地方见过它。☞ —Where did you go when you were living in that city? 当你在那座城市住的时候，你都去哪儿了？ —Everywhere. 哪儿都去了。【注意】当形容词修饰anywhere，somewhere或nowhere等词时，形容词要后置。☞ We went somewhere beautiful yesterday. 昨天我们去了一个美丽的地方。【经典练】1．（2021·云南·统考中考真题）—Hello, Jenny, I can’t find my math book ________ . Did you see it? —Sorry, I didn’t.A．everywhere B．anywhere C．somewhere D．nowhere【写作佳句】Zhu is always with Zhong anytime anywhere at school.朱在学校的任何时候、任何地方都和钟在一起。（2023·新疆·中考真题）考点4 wonderful＂精彩的；绝妙的；令人高兴的＂[教材原句] It was wonderful! 太棒了！ wonderful形容词，可作表语或定语，意为＂精彩的；绝妙的；令人高兴的＂。 ☞ We had a wonderful time last night. 我们昨晚过得非常愉快。 ☞ It’s wonderful to see you again! 再次见到你真叫人高兴！【拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·江苏）________ wonderful the opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics is!A．What a B．What C．How a D．How2．（2023·广西南宁·八年级）—We plan to visit the Children’s Home this weekend. How about joining us?—That _______ wonderful. I’d like to join you.A．feels B．looks C．sounds词汇运用1．（2021·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）The world is full of exciting and activities that we can try and enjoy. (wonder)2．（2021·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）My parents and I had a journey to Hainan. (wonder)【写作佳句】The school Science Day was wonderful. How happy Kate’s group were!学校科学日很精彩。凯特小组真高兴！（2022·广东广州·统考中考真题）考点5. few adj&pron. 不多；很少 [教材原句] We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。常见用法①few作形容词时,后跟可数名词复数形式,表示"几乎没有”作代词时,后面可以跟of连用,表示"当中很少”。-Few people lived to be 100 in the past.在过去,很少有人能活到100岁。.Few of tho workers can speak English.这些工人当中,几乎没有人能说英语。②quite a few意为"相当多不少”,修饰可数名调复数形式。. She wrote quite a few good books她写了不少好书。易混辨析few, a few,little 与a little的用法区别例句There are few beans on the plate.盘子里几乎没有豆子。There is little milk in the glass.玻璃杯里几乎没有牛奶。【拓展】（1）take photos意为＂拍照；照相＂，take a photo/photos of sb/sth意为＂给某人/某物拍照＂。 ☞ We took many photos on the Great Wall. 我们在长城上拍了很多照片。（2）quite a few意为＂相当多；不少＂，修饰可数名词复数，quite a few多用于口语中，相当于many，其后的谓语动词用复数。 ☞ Quite a few students go to school by bike. 相当多的学生骑自行车上学。【易混辨析】 quite a few与quite a littleMy life has changed a lot in the last few years.在过去的几年里，我的生活发生了很大变化。（2023·山东枣庄·统考三模）【经典练】1．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）—Can you give me a few __________ on how to spend the coming summer holiday?—Sure, no problem.A．knowledge B．ideas C．hobbies D．suggestions2．（2023·湖南湘西·统考一模）There are _________ sheep on the hill.A．little B．a little C．a few【写作佳句】My life has changed a lot in the last few years.在过去的几年里，我的生活发生了很大变化。（2023·山东枣庄·统考三模）考点6.most of the time大部分时间[教材原句]　just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.我大部分时间只是呆在家里读书和休息。常见用法①most作形容词时,修饰可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。Most students in my class like music.我班里的大多数学生都喜欢音乐。②most作副调时,意为"最",可以修饰动词,比如like sth.most(最喜欢某物);也可放在部分发音为两个音节或两个以上音节的形容词或副词前,构成该词的最高极形式,如 tho most interesting(最有趣的)。③most作代调时，后面可以跟of连用,most of..表示.申的大部分",其构成主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于most of后的名词的数。.He has a lot of free time and he spends most of it in the garden.他有很多空闲时间,他把其中大部分的时间都花在了花园上。Most of the milk goes bad.大部分牛奶都变质了。【拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________ in China this year.A．city B．cities C．citys2．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）— What’s your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival?— Most of us ______ ready to make zongzi.A．is B．are C．have【写作佳句】Considering that it was one of the most effective ways to enrich myself.考虑到这是充实自己最有效的方法之一。（2020·北京·统考中考真题）考点7. anything [教材原句]　Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？（1）anything不定代词，意为“某事；某件东西”，主要用于疑问句或否定句中。 ☞ Do you want anything from me? 你想从我这里要些什么吗？ ☞ I can’t want anything about it. 对此我没什么可说的。注意：anything表示“任何事，任何东西”时，用于肯定句中。☞ You can ask me anything you want to know. 你可以问我你想知道的任何事情。（2）anything special意为“特别的东西”，形容词修饰不定代词时应后置。☞ Is there anything new in this book? 这本书里有新的内容吗？【经典练】1．（2022·山东济南·统考中考真题）— Did you do ________ special for your mother on her birthday?— Yes. I cooked long noodles for her.A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything2．（2022·广西百色·中考真题）I always believe that there isn’t ________ difficult if we set our mind to do it.A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing【写作佳句】Without accumulating, we can hardly achieve anything. 没有积累我们几乎什么都做不到。（2020·北京·统考中考真题）考点8. nothing [教材原句]　No, I bought nothing. 不，我没有买任何东西。nothing用作不定代词，意为＂没有什么；没有任何东西＂，相当于not anything。 ☞ There is nothing interesting in the newspaper. 报纸上没有什么有趣的东西。 =There isn’t anything interesting in the newspaper. 【经典练】1．（2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—Coffee or tea, Frank?—Coffee, please. To get relaxed, ________ is better than a cup of coffee.A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything2．（2022·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—I heard you lost your bag yesterday.—Yes. Luckily, I got it later. And ________ was lost in it.A．nothing B．anything C．something3．（2022·安徽·统考中考真题）—I have ________ but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble.—Yes, they’re well worth praising.A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something【写作佳句】 “Nothing can be accomplished without norms and standards (没有规矩不成方圆).” （2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）考点9.How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样？此句与What did you think of it?是同义句，二者容易记错。☞ How do you like the story? ＝What do you think of the story? 你觉得这个故事怎么样？【经典练】1．（2023春·广西南宁·八年级南宁二中校考期中）— The cartoon movie Nezha is popular recently. How do you like it?— ________.A．Pretty good B．I think so C．All right2．（2022秋·广西河池·八年级统考期末）— Welcome to our city. How do you like it so far?— It’s great.A．What’s the price of B．What do you think ofC．What’s it made of D．Why do you like it考点10. myself pron. 我自己；我本人反身代词的常见用法：（1）反身代词作宾语，表示主语和宾语为同一个人或事物。☞ He bought himself a book. 他给自己买了一本书。（2）反身代词作同位语，起强调作用。☞ I myself repaired the bike. 我自己修的自行车。（3）含反身代词的常用词组：teach oneself 自学 learn...by oneself 自学……enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 by oneself独自 help oneself to...为（自己）取用……【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）— I saw your grandma using Douyin on the phone. Who taught her?— Nobody. She taught ________.A．himself B．myself C．herself D．yourself2．（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）—Where did you get this sky lantern? —I made it by _______.A．herself B．itself C．myself【写作佳句】Life is really a long lesson, so I have to improve myself. 人生真的是很长的一课，所以我要提高自己。（2022·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）考点11. no one意为＂没有人＂，与nobody同义☞ There is no one/nobody in the classroom now. 现在教室里没有人。☞ Everyone wants to be a hero, but no one wants to die. 人人都想当一名英雄，但没有人想死。【易混辨析】 no one，none与nothing【拓展】【经典练】1．（2020·湖北·中考真题）—Although these were good students, ______________ of them had a score above 60.—I can’t believe it!A．none B．no one C．some D．all考点12 feed v. 喂养；给（人或动物）食物 [教材原句]　We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs.☞ The patient can’t feed himself yet. 病人还不能自己进食。☞ We brought along pieces of old bread and fed the birds. 我们带了几片陈面包来喂鸟。【拓展】（1）feed常与介词on搭配构成feed...on... 表示＂给……喂……＂。☞ We feed our dogs on fresh meat. 我们用新鲜的肉喂我们的狗。（2）若表示＂把……喂给……＂，则 使用feed...to...。【经典练】1．（2022秋·上海·八年级期中）Blue whales are the largest and heaviest animals in the world, but they ________ the smallest sea animals.A．feed in B．live in C．feed on D．live of词汇运用1．（2022春·广西防城港·八年级统考期中）I (feed) the chickens yesterday.2．（2022春·广东深圳·八年级校考期中）Do you know how the remains of a meal to the dog? (feed)考点13. seem ＂好像，似乎＂[教材原句] Still no one seemed to be bored. 虽然如此，似乎没有人觉得无聊。（1）动词seem的意思是＂好像，似乎＂。常用的句型： ① 主语+seem+(to be+)表语（多为形容词或名词）。☞ You seem to be very happy today. 你今天似乎很高兴。② It seems + that从句。☞ It seems that it will snow. 看样子天要下雪了。③ 主语 + seem + 动词不定式。☞ He seems to know everything. 他好像什么都懂。④ It seems that…句型往往可转换为sb. seem to do sth. ☞ It seems that she is sleeping. 她好像在睡觉。= She seems to be sleeping.【经典练】完成句子1．（2019·西藏·统考中考真题）It seems that she is a friendly teacher.  (改为同义句)She seems a friendly teacher.【写作佳句】What you said seems to make sense.你所说的似乎有道理。（2022·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）考点14.bored意为"厌俗的;烦闷的"[教材原句] Still no one seemed to be bored. 虽然如此，似乎没有人觉得无聊。常见用法bored意为"厌俗的;烦闷的"，常用来形容人。.Mom. can I go home? I get bored around here waiting for you.妈妈,我能回家吗?在这里等你我感觉很烦闷。【拓展】以-ed结尾的形容词通常用来形容人的感受,如relaxed, surprised, excited, tired等;以-ing结尾的形容词通常用来形容事物,如relaxing ,surprising, exciting, tiring等。考点15. arrive“到达”[教材原句] I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。arrive不及物动词，意为“到达”。arrive in 表示到达较大的地方，如国家、省、市等；arrive at表示到达较小的地方，如机场、商店、广场等。☞ We arrived in Beijing yesterday. 我们昨天就到北京了。☞ I arrived at the train station very early. 我很早就到了火车站。 【经典练】1．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）A lot of volunteers(志愿者) have arrived in Shanghai to help the sick there.A．reached to B．reached in C．got to D．got in2．（湖北襄阳·统考中考真题）—Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there?—I’m not sure. But I’ll ring you up as soon as I ________ there tomorrow.A．arrive B．arrived C．will arrive D．am going to arrive【写作佳句】As we know, there is a new policy about putting off the time of arriving at school in the morning in our province.我们知道，我省有一项关于推迟上午到校的新政策。（2018·黑龙江鹤岗·中考真题）考点16. decide及物动词，意为＂决定，决心＂，[教材原句] ...so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. ……因此我们决定去旅馆附近的海滩。decide及物动词，意为＂决定，决心＂，常见用法有：（1）decided to do sth意为＂决定做某事＂，其否定形式为decide not to do sth，意为＂决定不做某事＂。☞ He decided that he would start out at 6:00 that morning. 他决定那天早晨六点出发。（2）decide后常跟＂疑问词+动词不定式＂作宾语。☞ He cannot decide when to leave. 他不能决定何时动身。（3）decide后常跟宾语从句。☞ I can’t decide where I should go. 我不能决定我该去哪儿。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Tom, do you think reading is important?—Yes, I do. So I decide ________ more time reading from now on.A．spend B．to spend C．spending2．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—Have you decided ________ on vacation? —Not yet. Our vacation is two weeks away.A．where you will go B．where will you go C．how will you go3．（2022·安徽·统考中考真题）—You can ________ between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.—I consider going to the chess club, for I like playing chess better.A．decide B．guess C．hide D．wait【写作佳句】I decide to look more beautiful, so I want to lose weight by dieting. 我决定看起来更美，所以我想通过节食来减肥。（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）考点17. try v.& n。尝试;设法;努力 [教材原句]　My sister and I tried paragliding.我如姐和我尝试了滑用伞运动。try此处用作及物动词，其后常接名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式，意为“尝试；试图，设法”。☞ She is trying my bicycle. 她正在试骑我的自行车。【易混辨析】try doing sth. 与try to do sth.try doing sth.“尝试着做某事”，表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力try to do sth. “尽力、设法去做某事”，表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成，强调付出一定的努力设法去完成。☞The boy tried making a model plane. 这个男孩尝试着制作一个飞机模型。☞She tried to carry the basket. 她努力提起这个篮子。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2022·河北·统考中考真题）—Michael, ________ this shirt. —Oh, it looks nice on me!A．try on B．put down C．take off D．throw away2．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece.A．a; an B．a; 不填 C．an; a D．an; 不填【写作佳句】In a word, let’s try to plan free time well and make our weekends more meaningful.总之，让我们试着好好计划空闲时间，让我们的周末更有意义。（2022·湖北随州·统考中考真题）考点18.feel like意为＂给……的感觉；感觉像＂I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉像一只鸟。 [教材原句]　feel like意为＂给……的感觉；感觉像＂，其后常接从句。☞ He felt like he was swimming. 他感觉像在游泳一样。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2022春·广东深圳·八年级校考期末）We feel like ________ some food and drink because we’ll invite some friends ________ in a party.A．buying; to join B．to buy; joining C．buying; joining D．to buy; to join2．（2020·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—The movie The Wandering Earth is wonderful. Do you feel like ________it tonight?—I'd love to, but my parents won't let me _________out too late.watching, to stay B．to watch, staying C．watching, stay【写作佳句】If you feel like you don’t have enough time for daily self-care,you aren’t alone.如果你觉得自己没有足够的时间进行日常自我护理，你并不孤独。（2023·湖南永州·统考中考真题）考点19.wonder＂想知道＂ [教材原句]　I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这儿的生活是什么样的。wonder此处用作及物动词，表示＂想知道＂，相当于want to know。wonder在不同的句式中表达的意思也不同：（1）后接who，what，why，how等连接词引导的宾语从句及＂疑问词＋动词不定式＂结构：☞ I wonder how you keep in touch with Tom. 我想知道你是怎样和汤姆保持联系的。☞ I wonder who that boy is. 我想知道那个男孩是谁.（2）后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时，表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。☞ I wonder if I could use your mobile phone. 我不知道是否可以用一下你的手机。（3）后接that引导的宾语从句以及动词不定式短语时，表示＂对……感到惊讶＂。☞ I wonder to hear her voice in the room. 我听到房间传出她的声音，十分惊讶。【知识拓展】【写作佳句】I wonder if/whether you can help me to solve the problem.我想知道你能否帮我解答这个题。（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）【经典练】1．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）—I’m wondering ________ at a low price.—You can book one through our official APP.A．how I can buy the air ticket B．how can I buy the air ticketC．when I can buy the air ticket D．when can I buy the air ticket考点20.difference＂差别；差异＂ [教材原句]　What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异是多么大呀！difference可数名词，意为＂差别；差异＂，也可作不可数名词。其形容词形式为different，意为＂不同的；有差异的＂。其副词形式为differently，意为＂不同地＂。☞ There are many differences between Mary and Jean. 玛丽和琼两人有许多不同点。☞ He thinks differently; he has a different idea. 他想得不同，他有一个不同的想法。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2018·广东深圳·统考中考真题）—Have you noticed that Anna’s great progress in spoken English?—Yes. She sets us a good example. Hard work always ________.A．makes a deal B．makes a difference C．makes a problem【写作佳句】I didn’t want to be treated differently from anyone else. 我不想被区别对待。（2018·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）考点21.wait v. 等待；等候 [教材原句]　We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.我们等了一个事小时的火车,因为人太多了。wait作动词时，用法如下： （1）wait for... 等待……☞ They are waiting for a bus. 他们正在等公共汽车。 （2）wait for sb./sth.to do sth. 等某人/物做某事☞ We are waiting for Jim to come. 我们正等着吉姆的到来。【知识拓展】固定搭配①wait for sb./sth. (to do sth.) 等待某人/某物(做某事)②wait (for)+时间段 等多长时间③can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事【经典练】1．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）—I think robots are very helpful.—I ________ you. They make our life easier.A．wait for B．agree with C．worry about2．（2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）—Let’s make a banana milk shake after finishing the work.—________. I can’t wait.A．That’s all right B．You’re welcome C．That’s a great idea D．Thank you for your help3．（2022·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）— Why are you so excited? — The scientist Huang Xuhua will come to our school. I can’t wait to see _________.A．you B．me C．him D．them【写作佳句】So she waited for her mother just at the gate of the zoo. 所以她就在动物园门口等妈妈。（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）I am so glad to receive your email. I can’t wait to see you, too.我很高兴收到你的邮件，我也迫不及待的想见你。（2023·浙江杭州·统考中考真题）考点22.too many 太多（修饰可数名词复数）☞ There are too many cars in the street. 街上有太多的小汽车。【易混辨析】【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·山东滨州·统考一模）I have ________ rules in my house.A．too many B．many too C．too much D．much too2．（2022·新疆伊犁·校考一模）________ teenagers are becoming the “Head-down Tribe” (低头族). It’s ________ bad.A．Too many; much too B．Too much; too muchC．Much too; too much D．Too many; too much 【写作佳句】Because there were too many people. 因为有太多的人。（2021·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）考点23.because of短语介词，意为＂因为，由于＂ [教材原句] And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below. 并且因为糟糕的天气，底下的东西我们什么也看不到。because of短语介词，意为＂因为，由于＂，其后可接名词、代词或名词性成分。☞ He walked slowly because of the bad weather. 他因为恶劣的天气而行走缓慢。【易混辨析】 because of与because【经典练】1．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）—Mum is too busy to make dinner for us.—Let’s do it ourselves, ________ we shouldn’t depend on our parents too much.A．so B．because C．but D．or【写作佳句】And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below. 因为天气糟糕，山底下的东西我们什么也看不到。（2021·山东枣庄·统考中考真题）Paper cuttings are popular because of their expressions of good luck and wishes.剪纸之所以受欢迎，是因为它们表达了好运和愿望。（2023·山东枣庄·统考中考真题）考点24.enough adj. 充足的；足够的 adv. 足够地；充足地 [教材原句]　My father didn't bring enough money::我爸爸没有带足够的钱常见用法enough作形容词时,可用作定语修饰名调,经常放在名词前;也可用作表语,放在系动词之后。enough作副词时,修饰形容词、副词或者动词,并可与形容词组成“形容词+enough +for sb.+to do sth."结构,意为"对某人来说做某事足够Surely 15 minutes is enough for you to have a coffee.想必15分钟够你喝一杯咖啡了。She isn't good enough to pass the exam.她没有足够优秀到通过考试。You don't practice the piano enough.你钢琴练习得不够多。【经典练】1．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）The community worker is ________ to explain to the old how to use Health Code(码).A．patient enough B．enough patient C．patiently enough D．enough patiently2．（2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）Peter, our monitor, is creative and energetic enough to ________ the task successfully.A．complete B．collect C．control D．consider3．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）Amy did very well in her report. She is ________ to pay attention to every detail.A．enough careful B．careful enough C．enough careless D．careless enough【写作佳句】Now I don' t need to get up so early that I can have enough sleep.现在我不需要起的如此早，以致于我有足够的睡眠。（2018·黑龙江鹤岗·中考真题） 考点25.find out 查明；弄清【易混辨析】 look for，find与find out【经典练】1．（2021·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Why does Linda dislike me?—I don’t know. You’ll have to ________ the reason yourself.A．go out B．bring out C．come out D．find out2．（2021·山东滨州·统考中考真题）Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to ______ how things worked.A．set out B．find out C．leave out D．bring out3．（2021·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Mum, could you help me _______ my toy car? I can’t ________ it anywhere!A．look for; find B．find; look for C．look; find out【写作佳句】I think it’s necessary for me to find out my strengths and weaknesses at the end of this term.我认为我有必要在这学期结束时找出自己的优点和缺点。（2019·江苏南通·中考真题）一．语法精讲——一般过去时思维导图（一）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。其结构为：a. 主系表　主语＋was/were＋其他. b. 主谓宾　主语＋谓语动词（过去式）＋宾语.☞ —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。☞ When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。1. 一般过去时的基本结构①实义动词肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.☞ I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。☞ I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. ☞ —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？☞ —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。② be 动词肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他.☞ I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他.☞ I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他?☞ —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？—Yes, I was. / No,I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他?☞ —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。2. 一般过去时的构成3. 如何判定一般过去时（1）通过句子中是否有表示过去的时间状语来判定。① 介词＋表示过去时间的年、月、日，如in 1983等。② yesterday以及由yesterday构成的短语：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening，the day before yesterday。③ 带有ago的短语，如three days ago，five years ago。④ last构成的短语，如last week/year/month等。⑤ 表示过去的词或短语，如once，at that time，just now等。（2）若找不到明显的时间状语，则通过上下文判断。☞ —Where did you go? 你去哪儿了？ —I went to Beijing. 我去北京了。（3）两个或两个以上动词用and连接时，若前一个动词为过去式，后面的动词也要用其过去式。☞ I turned on the TV, sat down and watched the program. 我打开了电视，坐下来看节目。4. 肯定句如何变为否定句（1）含有系动词was，were→直接在其后加not。（2）含有情态动词could等时→直接在其后加not。（3）含有实义动词→在该动词前加did not/didn’t，并且该动词变为原形。5. 陈述句如何变一般疑问句和特殊疑问句（1）若句中有be动词或情态动词，则把它们移到句首。（2）若句中是行为动词，则在句首加Did，谓语动词改为原形。（3）特殊疑问句则需在一般疑问句基础上加上特殊疑问词。一般过去时肯定句的过去式，规则动词加-ed，不规则的必须记。否定形式疑问句，没有be加did。如把did加在前，动词也要还原形。 （二）不定代词的用法不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。在本单元中，主要出现的不定代词为由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，因此主要详细讲解这一部分不定代词的用法，在这些复合不定代词中，除no one以外，其他都要写成一个词。1. 复合不定代词有：【注意】由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。2. 复合不定代词的定语（1）形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词时，要位于不定代词或不定副词之后，作后置定语。 ☞ Last night, I saw someone strange lying on the ground near my home. 昨晚在我家附近，我看见一个陌生人躺在地上。 Many people like to go somewhere interesting to have a vacation. 许多人喜欢去有趣的地方度假。（2）复合不定代词与动词不定式连用，不定式作后置定语。☞ Haven’t you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗？3. 复合不定代词的属格 1. 含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有-’s属格形式。☞ Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 大家的事情没人管。 ☞ Is this anybody’s seat? 这儿有人坐吗？ 2. 含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时，-’s属格应加在else之后。☞ Can you remember someone else’s name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗？ 3. 含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-’s属格形式。 4. 复合不定代词的数 复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。☞ Is everyone here today? 今天，大家都到齐了吗？ ☞ Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。5. 复合不定代词的否定 1. not every-表示的是部分否定，意为＂并非都，不都＂。☞ Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。 ☞ The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名字。 2. not any-和no-均表示全否定。☞ He listened, but heard nothing. 他听了听，但什么也没听到。 = He listened, but didn’t hear anything. ☞ You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话，是吗？ = You have called no one/nobody up, have you? “三步五要素法”写游记 话题分析本单元主要话题是节日与假期，与本单元相关的写作题目可以与节假日里的旅游相结合。命题内容以游览为主，根据提示记叙在节假日里旅游的大致情况。写作时应注意游记的内容、格式以及事态的运用。内容一般从以下几方面着手：1. Where did you go?2. How was the weather?3. What did you do?4. How was the food?5. How was the people?6. How did you feel about the trip? 写作步骤◆ 步骤一：在第一行写明日期（年月日与星期）和天气等信息。◆ 步骤二：正文用一般过去时态描述当天发生的事情。◆ 步骤三：在日记的最后描述自己的感受和体会。例题：去年寒假，你到北京的爷爷家度假，玩得很开心。请根据提示（提示词必须都用上）展开合理想象， 写一篇短文，叙述你在北京的寒假活动，与大家分享。80词左右。提示词：winter vacation Tian'anmen Square the Palace Museum a Beijing hutong Beijing duck_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路导航】时态：以过去时态为主；人称：第一人称。【佳作展示】 Beijing is the capital of China and it is in the north of China. There are many places of interest there. A lot of people come to visit Beijing every year. I have been to Beijing many times. I have done many things there. Last winter vacation, I visited my grandfather in Beijing. I climbed the Great Wall and went to the Tian'anmen Square. I visited the Palace Museum but I didn't visit the Summer Palace. I enjoyed the Beijing opera and ate Beijing duck. I liked to walk with my grandfather at the Beijing hutong. I had conversation with foreigners and I took lots of photos. I felt tired but very happy. It was an interesting experience. I had a good time there. 【名师点评】【高分句型一】There are many places of interest there. 那里有很多名胜。句型：There be…… place of interest名胜【高分句型二】I have been to Beijing many times我去过北京很多次。Have been to Sp.去过了某地。【亮点短语】place of interest名胜；have a good time 玩得开心；walk with sb.与某人散步；conversation with sb.与某人聊天；take photos拍照。Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?17. over an hour 一个多小时 18. too many people 太多的人19. get to the top 到达顶部 20. because of the bad weather 因为不好的天气21. one bowl of fish 一碗鱼肉 22. another two hours 另外两个小时23. the top of the hill 山顶 24. learn something important 学习重要的东西25. go to the countryside 去乡下 26. in the shopping center 在购物中心27. have a fun time 玩得高兴；过得愉快 28. after three hours 三个小时以后29. keep going 一直走 30. twenty minutes later 20分钟后用法集萃1. seem +adj.= seem to be +adj. 好像… ； seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事2. decide to do sth. 决定做某事；decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事3. try 的用法。 1) have a try 试一试 2） try to do sth. 努力/ 设法做某事 3) try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 4) try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事。4. feel like给…的感觉;感受到;想要 feel like doing sth.=would like / want to do sth.想要做某事 5. too many+可数名词复数 too much +不可数名词 太多 6. bored厌倦的；烦闷的， boring 无聊的；无趣的区别： bored是感觉无聊，boring是令人感觉无聊；bored 主语是人，boring 主语一般是物; bored 只能作表语，boring 能作表语，定语。7. 表示到达的词语。 get to + 某地。 arrive at + 小地方（车站、码头，学校、单位、家庭、小城镇等），arrive in + 大地方（ 国家，城市等）.特别提示:当arrive at / in ; get to 跟 there, here, home 等副词时，要去掉介词 at / in , to get home / there / here, arrive home / there / here When did you arrive at our school? He arrived in Beijing yesterday.8. because 表“因为”引导原因状语从句 ， so 表“所以”引导结果状语从句，两者不能同时出现在同一句中，但是两者可互换。because 与because of 的用法。because 是连词后跟一个完整的句子，构成原因状语从句。because of 其后接名词、代词、动名词。有时两者可互换。9. enough 的用法。1）做形容词“足够的；充足的”，修饰名词，可位于名词前、后，但常位于名词之前。enough money , enough time. 2) 做副词“足够”，修饰形容词或副词，常位于形容词或副词之后。典句必背1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的？2. Long time no see.好久不见。3. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去有趣的地方了吗？4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.大多数时间我只是待在家里看书和放松。5. I bought something for my father.我给我爸爸买了些东西。6. Everything was excellent. 一切都很棒。7. How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样？8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚的槟城。9. For lunch, we had something very special. 午饭我们吃了很特别的东西。10. …but many of the old buildings are still there .… 但是许多旧的建筑还在那里。11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today.今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。12. And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?考点1 go on vacation 去度假[教材原句]　Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了？go on vacation意为“去度假”；vacation名词，意为“假期”，同义词为holiday。be on vacation意为“在度假”。☞ I want to go on vacation in Hainan this winter. 今年冬天我想去海南度假。☞ They are on vacation at the seaside. 他们正在海边度假。 【经典练】1．（2022秋·湖北武汉·八年级统考期末）—Where did you go on vacation last winter?—I _________ to Hainan with my family and had a good time there.A．fly B．flew C．flying D．will fly【答案】B【详解】句意：——去年冬天你去哪里度假了？——我和家人一起飞往海南，在那里玩得很开心。考查一般过去时。根据问句“Where did you go on vacation last winter?”可知问句的时态是一般过去时，答句也应用一般过去时，fly“飞行”，其过去式为flew。故选B。2．（2022秋·山东滨州·八年级统考期末）—________?—It was nice and interesting.A．Where did you go on vacation B．When did you go on vacationC．How was your vacation D．Did you enjoy your vacation【答案】C【详解】句意：——你的假期怎么样？——很好，很有趣。考查特殊疑问句。Where did you go on vacation你去哪儿度假了；When did you go on vacation你什么时候去度假的；How was your vacation你的假期怎么样；Did you enjoy your vacation你假期过得愉快吗。根据“It was nice and interesting”可知此处询问假期怎么样，选项C符合。故选C。【写作佳句】A perfect vacation depends on your wise resolution and action.完美的假期取决于你明智的决定和行动。（2022·湖北宜昌·统考中考真题）考点2.anyone＂任何人＂[教材原句]Did you go with anyone? 你和和别人一起去的吗？（1）这是一个一般疑问句，询问的是发生在过去的事情。由助动词提问，回答也用助动词did。一般过去时的一般疑问句的句子结构是＂Did+ 主语+ 动词原形+其他?＂。其肯定回答是：Yes, 主格代词+did；否定回答是：No, 主格代词+ didn’t.。（2）anyone是不定代词，意为＂任何人＂，相当于anybody，常用于否定句或疑问句中，代替someone/somebody。 ☞ Is anyone here? 有人在吗？ ☞ He told her not to tell anyone. 他告诉她不要告诉任何人。【易混辨析】 anyone和any one【注意】anyone作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。☞ Is anyone watching the football match? 有人看足球比赛吗？【经典练】1．（2023·安徽蚌埠·统考二模）Sally’s really enjoying her new school for ________ there has been kind to her.A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．no one【答案】C【详解】句意：萨莉非常喜欢她的新学校，因为那里的每个人都对她很好。考查词义辨析。someone某人；anyone某人，通常用于否定句和疑问句；everyone每人；no one没有人。根据“Sally’s enjoying new her new school”可推测是是因为大家对她好。故选C。2．（2022春·江苏扬州）—Can you cook eggs with tomatoes?—Yes, of course. ________ can do it. It’s easy.A．Anyone B．Someone C．No one D．None【答案】A【详解】句意：——你会做西红柿炒鸡蛋吗？——是的，当然会了。任何人都会做，这很简单。考查不定代词。Anyone任何人；Someone某人；No one没有人；None没有一个。根据“...can do it. It’s easy.”和选项可知，此处应是表示任何人都会做西红柿炒鸡蛋，这很简单，此空应是anyone，用在肯定句中，表示任何人。故选A。【写作佳句】I didn’t want to be treated differently from anyone else. 我不想被区别对待。（2018·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）考点3 anywhere副词，意为＂在任何地方，什么地方＂。[教材原句]Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? 噢，你去什么有趣的地方了吗？ anywhere副词，意为＂在任何地方，什么地方＂。 ☞ I can’t see it anywhere. 我哪儿也见不到它。【易混辨析】 anywhere, somewhere, everywhere与nowhere☞ Are you going anywhere tonight? 今晚你要去什么地方吗？ ☞ I think I saw it somewhere. 我想我在某个地方见过它。☞ —Where did you go when you were living in that city? 当你在那座城市住的时候，你都去哪儿了？ —Everywhere. 哪儿都去了。【注意】当形容词修饰anywhere，somewhere或nowhere等词时，形容词要后置。☞ We went somewhere beautiful yesterday. 昨天我们去了一个美丽的地方。【经典练】1．（2021·云南·统考中考真题）—Hello, Jenny, I can’t find my math book ________ . Did you see it? —Sorry, I didn’t.A．everywhere B．anywhere C．somewhere D．nowhere【答案】B【详解】句意：——你好，Jenny，我到处都找不到我的数学书。你看到它了吗？——不好意思，我没看到。考查副词辨析。everywhere到处；anywhere任何地方；somewhere在某处；nowhere无处。根据“ Did you see it?”可知说话者找不到数学书，用于否定句用anywhere。故选B。【写作佳句】Zhu is always with Zhong anytime anywhere at school.朱在学校的任何时候、任何地方都和钟在一起。（2023·新疆·中考真题）考点4 wonderful＂精彩的；绝妙的；令人高兴的＂[教材原句] It was wonderful! 太棒了！ wonderful形容词，可作表语或定语，意为＂精彩的；绝妙的；令人高兴的＂。 ☞ We had a wonderful time last night. 我们昨晚过得非常愉快。 ☞ It’s wonderful to see you again! 再次见到你真叫人高兴！【拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·江苏）________ wonderful the opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics is!A．What a B．What C．How a D．How【答案】D【详解】句意：北京冬奥会开幕多精彩啊！考查感叹句。根据“…wonderful the opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics is!”可知，句子是感叹句，使用“how+adj.+主语+谓语”结构，“the opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics”作主语，is作谓语。因此此处感叹词用“how”。故选D。2．（2023·广西南宁·八年级）—We plan to visit the Children’s Home this weekend. How about joining us?—That _______ wonderful. I’d like to join you.A．feels B．looks C．sounds【答案】C【详解】句意：——我们计划这个周末去儿童之家。加入我们怎么样？——听起来不错。我想和你一起去。考查动词辨析。feel感觉；look看起来；sound听起来。根据“We plan to visit the Children’s Home this weekend. How about joining us?”可知是认为对方的提议听起来不错，故选C。词汇运用1．（2021·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）The world is full of exciting and activities that we can try and enjoy. (wonder)【答案】wonderful2．（2021·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）My parents and I had a journey to Hainan. (wonder)【答案】wonderful【写作佳句】The school Science Day was wonderful. How happy Kate’s group were!学校科学日很精彩。凯特小组真高兴！（2022·广东广州·统考中考真题）考点5. few adj&pron. 不多；很少 [教材原句] We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。常见用法①few作形容词时,后跟可数名词复数形式,表示"几乎没有”作代词时,后面可以跟of连用,表示"当中很少”。-Few people lived to be 100 in the past.在过去,很少有人能活到100岁。.Few of tho workers can speak English.这些工人当中,几乎没有人能说英语。②quite a few意为"相当多不少”,修饰可数名调复数形式。. She wrote quite a few good books她写了不少好书。易混辨析few, a few,little 与a little的用法区别例句There are few beans on the plate.盘子里几乎没有豆子。There is little milk in the glass.玻璃杯里几乎没有牛奶。【拓展】（1）take photos意为＂拍照；照相＂，take a photo/photos of sb/sth意为＂给某人/某物拍照＂。 ☞ We took many photos on the Great Wall. 我们在长城上拍了很多照片。（2）quite a few意为＂相当多；不少＂，修饰可数名词复数，quite a few多用于口语中，相当于many，其后的谓语动词用复数。 ☞ Quite a few students go to school by bike. 相当多的学生骑自行车上学。【易混辨析】 quite a few与quite a littleMy life has changed a lot in the last few years.在过去的几年里，我的生活发生了很大变化。（2023·山东枣庄·统考三模）【经典练】1．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）—Can you give me a few __________ on how to spend the coming summer holiday?—Sure, no problem.A．knowledge B．ideas C．hobbies D．suggestions【答案】D【详解】句意：——你能给我一些如何度过即将到来的暑假的建议吗？——当然，没问题。考查名词辨析。knowledge知识；ideas主意；hobbies爱好；suggestions建议。根据“on how to spend the coming summer holiday?”可知，此处是指给一些关于如何度过暑假的建议。故选D。2．（2023·湖南湘西·统考一模）There are _________ sheep on the hill.A．little B．a little C．a few【答案】C【详解】句意：山上有几只羊。考查代词。little少量，修饰不可数名词；a little少许，修饰不可数名词；a few少许，修饰可数名词。sheep是可数名词，应用a few修饰，故选C。【写作佳句】My life has changed a lot in the last few years.在过去的几年里，我的生活发生了很大变化。（2023·山东枣庄·统考三模）考点6.most of the time大部分时间[教材原句]　just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.我大部分时间只是呆在家里读书和休息。常见用法①most作形容词时,修饰可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。Most students in my class like music.我班里的大多数学生都喜欢音乐。②most作副调时,意为"最",可以修饰动词,比如like sth.most(最喜欢某物);也可放在部分发音为两个音节或两个以上音节的形容词或副词前,构成该词的最高极形式,如 tho most interesting(最有趣的)。③most作代调时，后面可以跟of连用,most of..表示.申的大部分",其构成主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于most of后的名词的数。.He has a lot of free time and he spends most of it in the garden.他有很多空闲时间,他把其中大部分的时间都花在了花园上。Most of the milk goes bad.大部分牛奶都变质了。【拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________ in China this year.A．city B．cities C．citys【答案】B【详解】句意：岳阳是今年中国十大最美丽的城市之一。考查名词复数。one of+最高级+名词复数，表示“……中最……之一”，固定句型，可排除A选项；city的复数形式为cities。故选B。2．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）— What’s your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival?— Most of us ______ ready to make zongzi.A．is B．are C．have【答案】B【详解】句意：——你对即将到来的端午节有什么计划？——我们大多数人都准备包粽子。考查固定短语及主谓一致。be ready to do sth.“准备好做某事”，排除C选项。Most of us作主语，表复数概念，故用be动词are。故选B。【写作佳句】Considering that it was one of the most effective ways to enrich myself.考虑到这是充实自己最有效的方法之一。（2020·北京·统考中考真题）考点7. anything [教材原句]　Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？（1）anything不定代词，意为“某事；某件东西”，主要用于疑问句或否定句中。 ☞ Do you want anything from me? 你想从我这里要些什么吗？ ☞ I can’t want anything about it. 对此我没什么可说的。注意：anything表示“任何事，任何东西”时，用于肯定句中。☞ You can ask me anything you want to know. 你可以问我你想知道的任何事情。（2）anything special意为“特别的东西”，形容词修饰不定代词时应后置。☞ Is there anything new in this book? 这本书里有新的内容吗？【经典练】1．（2022·山东济南·统考中考真题）— Did you do ________ special for your mother on her birthday?— Yes. I cooked long noodles for her.A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything【答案】D【详解】句意：——你妈妈生日那天你做了什么特别的事吗？——是的。我为她煮了长寿面。考查代词辨析。nothing无事；something某事；everything每件事；anything任何事。根据“Did you do...special for your mother on her birthday?”可知，此处是一般疑问句，用anything，故选D。2．（2022·广西百色·中考真题）I always believe that there isn’t ________ difficult if we set our mind to do it.A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing【答案】B【详解】句意：我一直相信，只要我们下定决心去做，没有什么事是困难的。考查代词辨析。something某事，通常用于肯定句中；anything任何事，通常用于否定句或疑问句中；everything每一件事；nothing没有什么事，表否定含义。结合语境可知，如果我们下定决心要做一件事，就没什么事情是困难的。原句已经有否定词isn’t了，就不可以再用其它的否定词了，所以排除选项D；此时否定句应该用anything，故选B。【写作佳句】Without accumulating, we can hardly achieve anything. 没有积累我们几乎什么都做不到。（2020·北京·统考中考真题）考点8. nothing [教材原句]　No, I bought nothing. 不，我没有买任何东西。nothing用作不定代词，意为＂没有什么；没有任何东西＂，相当于not anything。 ☞ There is nothing interesting in the newspaper. 报纸上没有什么有趣的东西。 =There isn’t anything interesting in the newspaper. 【经典练】1．（2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—Coffee or tea, Frank?—Coffee, please. To get relaxed, ________ is better than a cup of coffee.A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything【答案】A【详解】句意：——咖啡还是茶，弗兰克？——请给我咖啡。要想放松，没有什么比一杯咖啡更好的了。考查复合不定代词辨析。nothing没有；anything任何东西；something某些东西；everything一切东西。根据“is better than a cup of coffee”可知，没有比一杯咖啡更好的了，形容词比较级+否定词表达最高级的含义；故选A。2．（2022·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—I heard you lost your bag yesterday.—Yes. Luckily, I got it later. And ________ was lost in it.A．nothing B．anything C．something【答案】A【详解】句意：——我听说你昨天丢了你的包。——是的。幸运的是，我后来拿到了。而且没有什么损失。 考查复合不定代词辨析。nothing没有什么；anything任何事；something某事。根据“Luckily, I got it later. And...was lost in it.”可知，包找回来了，并且没有损失，所以是幸运的。故选A。3．（2022·安徽·统考中考真题）—I have ________ but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble.—Yes, they’re well worth praising.A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something【答案】B【详解】句意：——我对警察只有赞扬，因为他们经常帮助人们摆脱困境。 ——是的，他们值得称赞。考查复合不定代词辨析。everything每件事；nothing无事；anything任何事；something某事。根据“I have...but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble.”可知，对警察只有赞扬，没有其他，故选B。【写作佳句】 “Nothing can be accomplished without norms and standards (没有规矩不成方圆).” （2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）考点9.How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样？此句与What did you think of it?是同义句，二者容易记错。☞ How do you like the story? ＝What do you think of the story? 你觉得这个故事怎么样？【经典练】1．（2023春·广西南宁·八年级南宁二中校考期中）— The cartoon movie Nezha is popular recently. How do you like it?— ________.A．Pretty good B．I think so C．All right【答案】A【详解】句意：——卡通电影《哪吒》最近火了。你觉得怎么样？——非常好。考查情景交际。Pretty good非常好；I think so我是这样认为的；All right行。根据“How do you like it?”可知，问的是“你觉得怎么样”，所以的是看法，故选A。2．（2022秋·广西河池·八年级统考期末）— Welcome to our city. How do you like it so far?— It’s great.A．What’s the price of B．What do you think ofC．What’s it made of D．Why do you like it【答案】B【详解】句意：——欢迎来到我们的城市。到目前为止你觉得怎么样？——它很棒。考查同义句替换。What’s the price of价格是多少；What do you think of你觉得怎么样；What’s it made of它是什么做的；Why do you like it你为什么喜欢它。根据“It’s great.”可知，问句是问对这个城市的评价；How do you like与What do you think of同义。故选B。考点10. myself pron. 我自己；我本人反身代词的常见用法：（1）反身代词作宾语，表示主语和宾语为同一个人或事物。☞ He bought himself a book. 他给自己买了一本书。（2）反身代词作同位语，起强调作用。☞ I myself repaired the bike. 我自己修的自行车。（3）含反身代词的常用词组：teach oneself 自学 learn...by oneself 自学……enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 by oneself独自 help oneself to...为（自己）取用……【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）— I saw your grandma using Douyin on the phone. Who taught her?— Nobody. She taught ________.A．himself B．myself C．herself D．yourself【答案】C【详解】句意：——我看到你奶奶用抖音打电话。谁教她的？——没有人。她自学的。考查反身代词。himself他自己；myself我自己；herself她自己；yourself你自己。根据She可知，反身代词应该与主语在人称上保持一致，所以此空应填herself，故选C。2．（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）—Where did you get this sky lantern? —I made it by _______.A．herself B．itself C．myself【答案】C【详解】句意：——你从哪儿弄来的天灯？——我自己做的。考查代词辨析。herself她自己；itself它自己；myself我自己。根据主语“I”可知是“我自己”做的，用myself。故选C。【写作佳句】Life is really a long lesson, so I have to improve myself. 人生真的是很长的一课，所以我要提高自己。（2022·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）考点11. no one意为＂没有人＂，与nobody同义☞ There is no one/nobody in the classroom now. 现在教室里没有人。☞ Everyone wants to be a hero, but no one wants to die. 人人都想当一名英雄，但没有人想死。【易混辨析】 no one，none与nothing【拓展】【经典练】1．（2020·湖北·中考真题）—Although these were good students, ______________ of them had a score above 60.—I can’t believe it!A．none B．no one C．some D．all【答案】A【详解】句意：——虽然这些都是好学生，但他们的分数都没有超过60分。——我真不敢相信！考查不定代词。none没有一个，强调数量，常与of连接；no one没有人；some一些；all所有，三者或三者以上都。题中Although引导让步状语从句，由此可推出此处是说尽管是好学生，但都没超过60分，表示否定含义，排除CD；此处强调没有一个，用none而不用no one，排除B。故选A。考点12 feed v. 喂养；给（人或动物）食物 [教材原句]　We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs.☞ The patient can’t feed himself yet. 病人还不能自己进食。☞ We brought along pieces of old bread and fed the birds. 我们带了几片陈面包来喂鸟。【拓展】（1）feed常与介词on搭配构成feed...on... 表示＂给……喂……＂。☞ We feed our dogs on fresh meat. 我们用新鲜的肉喂我们的狗。（2）若表示＂把……喂给……＂，则 使用feed...to...。【经典练】1．（2022秋·上海·八年级期中）Blue whales are the largest and heaviest animals in the world, but they ________ the smallest sea animals.A．feed in B．live in C．feed on D．live of【答案】C【详解】句意：蓝鲸是世界上最大最重的动物，但它们以最小的海洋动物为食。考查动词短语。feed in投入；live in住在；feed on以……为食；live of表达错误。根据“they...the smallest sea animals.”可知蓝鲸是以最小的海洋动物为食。故选C。词汇运用1．（2022春·广西防城港·八年级统考期中）I (feed) the chickens yesterday.【答案】fed2．（2022春·广东深圳·八年级校考期中）Do you know how the remains of a meal to the dog? (feed)【答案】to feed考点13. seem ＂好像，似乎＂[教材原句] Still no one seemed to be bored. 虽然如此，似乎没有人觉得无聊。（1）动词seem的意思是＂好像，似乎＂。常用的句型： ① 主语+seem+(to be+)表语（多为形容词或名词）。☞ You seem to be very happy today. 你今天似乎很高兴。② It seems + that从句。☞ It seems that it will snow. 看样子天要下雪了。③ 主语 + seem + 动词不定式。☞ He seems to know everything. 他好像什么都懂。④ It seems that…句型往往可转换为sb. seem to do sth. ☞ It seems that she is sleeping. 她好像在睡觉。= She seems to be sleeping.【经典练】完成句子1．（2019·西藏·统考中考真题）It seems that she is a friendly teacher.  (改为同义句)She seems a friendly teacher.【答案】 to be【写作佳句】What you said seems to make sense.你所说的似乎有道理。（2022·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）考点14.bored意为"厌俗的;烦闷的"[教材原句] Still no one seemed to be bored. 虽然如此，似乎没有人觉得无聊。常见用法bored意为"厌俗的;烦闷的"，常用来形容人。.Mom. can I go home? I get bored around here waiting for you.妈妈,我能回家吗?在这里等你我感觉很烦闷。【拓展】以-ed结尾的形容词通常用来形容人的感受,如relaxed, surprised, excited, tired等;以-ing结尾的形容词通常用来形容事物,如relaxing ,surprising, exciting, tiring等。考点15. arrive“到达”[教材原句] I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。arrive不及物动词，意为“到达”。arrive in 表示到达较大的地方，如国家、省、市等；arrive at表示到达较小的地方，如机场、商店、广场等。☞ We arrived in Beijing yesterday. 我们昨天就到北京了。☞ I arrived at the train station very early. 我很早就到了火车站。 【经典练】1．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）A lot of volunteers(志愿者) have arrived in Shanghai to help the sick there.A．reached to B．reached in C．got to D．got in【答案】C【详解】句意：许多志愿者已经抵达上海帮助那里的病人。考查动词短语。reached to延伸到；reached in错误表达，当reach意为“到达”时，是及物动词，直接接宾语，不需跟介词；got to到达；got in（火车、公共汽车或飞机）到达。根据“arrived in Shanghai”可知，此处是到达上海，可以用C选项“got to”替换。故选C。2．（湖北襄阳·统考中考真题）—Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there?—I’m not sure. But I’ll ring you up as soon as I ________ there tomorrow.A．arrive B．arrived C．will arrive D．am going to arrive【答案】A【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你什么时候到那里吗？——我不确定。但我明天一到那儿就给你打电话。考查动词时态。as soon as引导的时间状语从句表将来的事时，这时主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在，即：主将从现。本句主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形。故选A.【写作佳句】As we know, there is a new policy about putting off the time of arriving at school in the morning in our province.我们知道，我省有一项关于推迟上午到校的新政策。（2018·黑龙江鹤岗·中考真题）考点16. decide及物动词，意为＂决定，决心＂，[教材原句] ...so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. ……因此我们决定去旅馆附近的海滩。decide及物动词，意为＂决定，决心＂，常见用法有：（1）decided to do sth意为＂决定做某事＂，其否定形式为decide not to do sth，意为＂决定不做某事＂。☞ He decided that he would start out at 6:00 that morning. 他决定那天早晨六点出发。（2）decide后常跟＂疑问词+动词不定式＂作宾语。☞ He cannot decide when to leave. 他不能决定何时动身。（3）decide后常跟宾语从句。☞ I can’t decide where I should go. 我不能决定我该去哪儿。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Tom, do you think reading is important?—Yes, I do. So I decide ________ more time reading from now on.A．spend B．to spend C．spending【答案】B【详解】句意：——Tom，你觉得阅读重要吗？——是的。所以我决定从现在开始花更多时间来阅读。考查动词不定式作宾语。spend花费，动词原形；to spend花费，动词不定式；spending花费，动名词或现在分词。decide to do sth表示“决定做某事”，因此空格处应填动词不定式，在句中作宾语。故选B。2．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—Have you decided ________ on vacation? —Not yet. Our vacation is two weeks away.A．where you will go B．where will you go C．how will you go【答案】A【详解】句意：——你决定去哪里度假了吗？——还没有。我们的假期还有两周。考查宾语从句。根据“Have you decided”可知，本句是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除BC选项。故选A。3．（2022·安徽·统考中考真题）—You can ________ between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.—I consider going to the chess club, for I like playing chess better.A．decide B．guess C．hide D．wait【答案】A【详解】句意：——你可以决定参加舞蹈俱乐部还是国际象棋俱乐部。——我考虑去象棋俱乐部，因为我更喜欢下棋。考查动词辨析。decide决定；guess猜；hide隐藏；wait等待。根据“You can...between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.”可知，是决定参加哪个俱乐部，故选A。【写作佳句】I decide to look more beautiful, so I want to lose weight by dieting. 我决定看起来更美，所以我想通过节食来减肥。（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）考点17. try v.& n。尝试;设法;努力 [教材原句]　My sister and I tried paragliding.我如姐和我尝试了滑用伞运动。try此处用作及物动词，其后常接名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式，意为“尝试；试图，设法”。☞ She is trying my bicycle. 她正在试骑我的自行车。【易混辨析】try doing sth. 与try to do sth.try doing sth.“尝试着做某事”，表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力try to do sth. “尽力、设法去做某事”，表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成，强调付出一定的努力设法去完成。☞The boy tried making a model plane. 这个男孩尝试着制作一个飞机模型。☞She tried to carry the basket. 她努力提起这个篮子。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2022·河北·统考中考真题）—Michael, ________ this shirt. —Oh, it looks nice on me!A．try on B．put down C．take off D．throw away【答案】A【详解】句意：——迈克尔，试穿这件衬衫。——哦，我穿起来很好看！考查动词短语。try on试穿；put down放下；take off脱掉；throw away扔掉。根据“Oh, it looks nice on me!”可知，穿在身上很好看，所以应该指的是试穿一下这件衬衫，故选A。2．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece.A．a; an B．a; 不填 C．an; a D．an; 不填【答案】C【详解】句意：我妈妈正在做一个苹果派，我想尝一口。考查冠词用法。空一处泛指“一个苹果派”，且apple是以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，可排除AB选项；空二是指“尝一块”，try a piece表示“尝一块”。故选C。【写作佳句】In a word, let’s try to plan free time well and make our weekends more meaningful.总之，让我们试着好好计划空闲时间，让我们的周末更有意义。（2022·湖北随州·统考中考真题）考点18.feel like意为＂给……的感觉；感觉像＂I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉像一只鸟。 [教材原句]　feel like意为＂给……的感觉；感觉像＂，其后常接从句。☞ He felt like he was swimming. 他感觉像在游泳一样。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2022春·广东深圳·八年级校考期末）We feel like ________ some food and drink because we’ll invite some friends ________ in a party.A．buying; to join B．to buy; joining C．buying; joining D．to buy; to join【答案】A【详解】句意：我们想买一些食物和饮料因为我们将邀请一些朋友参加聚会。考查非谓语动词。feel like doing sth“想要做某事”，所以使用动名词作宾语；invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”，使用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。2．（2020·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—The movie The Wandering Earth is wonderful. Do you feel like ________it tonight?—I'd love to, but my parents won't let me _________out too late.A．watching, to stay B．to watch, staying C．watching, stay【答案】C【详解】句意：——电影《流浪地球》很棒。你今晚想看吗？——我很乐意，但我父母不会让我在外呆得太晚。 考查非谓语动词。动词短语feel like doing“想做某事”，所以第一个空用watching，所以排除B，动词短语let sb. do让某人做某事，接动词原形（不加to），可知第二个空用stay，故选C。【写作佳句】If you feel like you don’t have enough time for daily self-care,you aren’t alone.如果你觉得自己没有足够的时间进行日常自我护理，你并不孤独。（2023·湖南永州·统考中考真题）考点19.wonder＂想知道＂ [教材原句]　I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这儿的生活是什么样的。wonder此处用作及物动词，表示＂想知道＂，相当于want to know。wonder在不同的句式中表达的意思也不同：（1）后接who，what，why，how等连接词引导的宾语从句及＂疑问词＋动词不定式＂结构：☞ I wonder how you keep in touch with Tom. 我想知道你是怎样和汤姆保持联系的。☞ I wonder who that boy is. 我想知道那个男孩是谁.（2）后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时，表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。☞ I wonder if I could use your mobile phone. 我不知道是否可以用一下你的手机。（3）后接that引导的宾语从句以及动词不定式短语时，表示＂对……感到惊讶＂。☞ I wonder to hear her voice in the room. 我听到房间传出她的声音，十分惊讶。【知识拓展】【写作佳句】I wonder if/whether you can help me to solve the problem.我想知道你能否帮我解答这个题。（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）【经典练】1．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）—I’m wondering ________ at a low price.—You can book one through our official APP.A．how I can buy the air ticket B．how can I buy the air ticketC．when I can buy the air ticket D．when can I buy the air ticket【答案】A【详解】句意：——我想知道什么时候能买到便宜的机票。——您可以通过我们的官方APP预订。考查宾语从句。根据“I’m wondering”可知，句子含宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和D；再根据答语。选择A.考点20.difference＂差别；差异＂ [教材原句]　What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异是多么大呀！difference可数名词，意为＂差别；差异＂，也可作不可数名词。其形容词形式为different，意为＂不同的；有差异的＂。其副词形式为differently，意为＂不同地＂。☞ There are many differences between Mary and Jean. 玛丽和琼两人有许多不同点。☞ He thinks differently; he has a different idea. 他想得不同，他有一个不同的想法。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2018·广东深圳·统考中考真题）—Have you noticed that Anna’s great progress in spoken English?—Yes. She sets us a good example. Hard work always ________.A．makes a deal B．makes a difference C．makes a problem【答案】B【详解】句意：——你注意到安娜的口语提高了许多吗？——是的，她给我们树立了一个好榜样。努力总是会产生影响。考查动词短语。makes a deal达成协议；makes a difference有影响，有所不同；makes a problem出问题；根据“Anna’s great progress in spoken English”及句意，可知此处表示“有所不同，有影响”，故选B。【写作佳句】I didn’t want to be treated differently from anyone else. 我不想被区别对待。（2018·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）考点21.wait v. 等待；等候 [教材原句]　We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.我们等了一个事小时的火车,因为人太多了。wait作动词时，用法如下： （1）wait for... 等待……☞ They are waiting for a bus. 他们正在等公共汽车。 （2）wait for sb./sth.to do sth. 等某人/物做某事☞ We are waiting for Jim to come. 我们正等着吉姆的到来。【知识拓展】固定搭配①wait for sb./sth. (to do sth.) 等待某人/某物(做某事)②wait (for)+时间段 等多长时间③can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事【经典练】1．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）—I think robots are very helpful.—I ________ you. They make our life easier.A．wait for B．agree with C．worry about【答案】B【详解】句意：——我认为机器人很有帮助。——我同意你的看法。它们使我们的生活更轻松。考查动词短语。wait for等待；agree with同意；worry about担心。根据“They make our life easier.”可知，与上文的观点基本一致，所以空处应是表示同意，故选B。2．（2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）—Let’s make a banana milk shake after finishing the work.—________. I can’t wait.A．That’s all right B．You’re welcome C．That’s a great idea D．Thank you for your help【答案】C【详解】句意：——工作结束后，让我们做一杯香蕉奶昔。——好主意，我等不及了。考查情景交际。That’s all right没关系；You’re welcome不客气；That’s a great idea好主意；Thank you for your help谢谢你的帮助。根据“Let’s make a banana milk shake after finishing the work.”可知这是一个建议，结合“I can’t wait.”可知对方的建议是好主意，C选项符合语境，故选C。3．（2022·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）— Why are you so excited? — The scientist Huang Xuhua will come to our school. I can’t wait to see _________.A．you B．me C．him D．them【答案】C【详解】句意：——你为什么这么兴奋？——科学家黄旭华将来我们学校。我等不及要见他了。考查代词辨析。you你；me我；him他；them他们。根据“ Huang Xuhua ”可知此处需要一个代词指代这个科学家，him符合，故选C。【写作佳句】So she waited for her mother just at the gate of the zoo. 所以她就在动物园门口等妈妈。（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）I am so glad to receive your email. I can’t wait to see you, too.我很高兴收到你的邮件，我也迫不及待的想见你。（2023·浙江杭州·统考中考真题）考点22.too many 太多（修饰可数名词复数）☞ There are too many cars in the street. 街上有太多的小汽车。【易混辨析】【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·山东滨州·统考一模）I have ________ rules in my house.A．too many B．many too C．too much D．much too【答案】A【详解】句意：我家里的规矩太多了。考查短语辨析。too many太多，修饰可数名词；many too错误表达；too much太多，修饰不可数名词；much too太，修饰形容词或副词。此空修饰复数名词rules，应填too many，故选A。2．（2022·新疆伊犁·校考一模）________ teenagers are becoming the “Head-down Tribe” (低头族). It’s ________ bad.A．Too many; much too B．Too much; too muchC．Much too; too much D．Too many; too much【答案】A【详解】句意:太多的青少年正在变成低头族。那太糟糕了。考查副词短语。too many“太多”，常用于修饰可数名词复数，much too “非常，太”，后接形容词或副词原级，too much“太多”，修饰不可数名词，teenagers是可数名词复数形式，故排除B和C，bad“坏的”，形容词。故选A。 【写作佳句】Because there were too many people. 因为有太多的人。（2021·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）考点23.because of短语介词，意为＂因为，由于＂ [教材原句] And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below. 并且因为糟糕的天气，底下的东西我们什么也看不到。because of短语介词，意为＂因为，由于＂，其后可接名词、代词或名词性成分。☞ He walked slowly because of the bad weather. 他因为恶劣的天气而行走缓慢。【易混辨析】 because of与because【经典练】1．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）—Mum is too busy to make dinner for us.—Let’s do it ourselves, ________ we shouldn’t depend on our parents too much.A．so B．because C．but D．or【答案】B【详解】句意：——妈妈太忙了，没时间给我们做晚饭。——让我们自己做吧，因为我们不应该太依赖父母。考查连词辨析。so因此；because因为；but但是；or否则。根据“…we shouldn’t depend on our parents too much.”可知，空格前后为前果后因的关系，用because连接。故选B。【写作佳句】And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below. 因为天气糟糕，山底下的东西我们什么也看不到。（2021·山东枣庄·统考中考真题）Paper cuttings are popular because of their expressions of good luck and wishes.剪纸之所以受欢迎，是因为它们表达了好运和愿望。（2023·山东枣庄·统考中考真题）考点24.enough adj. 充足的；足够的 adv. 足够地；充足地 [教材原句]　My father didn't bring enough money::我爸爸没有带足够的钱常见用法enough作形容词时,可用作定语修饰名调,经常放在名词前;也可用作表语,放在系动词之后。enough作副词时,修饰形容词、副词或者动词,并可与形容词组成“形容词+enough +for sb.+to do sth."结构,意为"对某人来说做某事足够Surely 15 minutes is enough for you to have a coffee.想必15分钟够你喝一杯咖啡了。She isn't good enough to pass the exam.她没有足够优秀到通过考试。You don't practice the piano enough.你钢琴练习得不够多。【经典练】1．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）The community worker is ________ to explain to the old how to use Health Code(码).A．patient enough B．enough patient C．patiently enough D．enough patiently【答案】A【详解】句意：社区工作人员有足够的耐心向老人解释如何使用健康码。考查形容词作表语和enough的用法。enough修饰形容词或副词时，要后置，排除BD；此处在句中作表语，用形容词。故选A。2．（2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）Peter, our monitor, is creative and energetic enough to ________ the task successfully.A．complete B．collect C．control D．consider【答案】A【详解】句意：我们的班长彼得有足够的创造力和精力成功地完成任务。考查动词辨析。complete完成；collect收集；control控制；consider考虑。根据“the task successfully.”可知是指完成任务，故选A。3．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）Amy did very well in her report. She is ________ to pay attention to every detail.A．enough careful B．careful enough C．enough careless D．careless enough【答案】B【详解】句意：艾米的报告做得很好。 她很细心，对每一个细节都很注意。考查形容词辨析以及enough的用法。careful仔细的；careless粗心的。根据“pay attention to every detail”可知，对每一个细节都很注意，说明是一个很细心的人，排除C和D选项。enough修饰形容词要放在其后，故选B。【写作佳句】Now I don' t need to get up so early that I can have enough sleep.现在我不需要起的如此早，以致于我有足够的睡眠。（2018·黑龙江鹤岗·中考真题） 考点25.find out 查明；弄清【易混辨析】 look for，find与find out【经典练】1．（2021·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Why does Linda dislike me?—I don’t know. You’ll have to ________ the reason yourself.A．go out B．bring out C．come out D．find out【答案】D【详解】句意：——琳达为什么不喜欢我？——我不知道。你得自己找出原因。考查动词短语辨析。go out出去；bring out使……显现、带出；come out出版、发行；find out找出、查明。根据宾语“the reason”可知，应是找出原因。故选D。2．（2021·山东滨州·统考中考真题）Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to ______ how things worked.A．set out B．find out C．leave out D．bring out【答案】B【详解】句意：潘建伟已经成为一位著名的科学家。当他还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢了解事物是如何运作的。考查动词短语。set out出发，开始；find out找出，弄清；leave out遗漏；bring out激发，使显示。根据“Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist.”可推出是喜欢弄清楚事物是如何运作的。故选B。3．（2021·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Mum, could you help me _______ my toy car? I can’t ________ it anywhere!A．look for; find B．find; look for C．look; find out【答案】A【详解】句意：妈妈，你能帮我找一下我的玩具汽车吗？我到处都找不到它。考查动词辨析。look看，是不及物动词；look for寻找，强调动作；find找到，强调结果；find out查明，弄清楚。根据句意可知，第一个空表示“帮忙找”，指动作，应用look for；第二个空表示结果“找到”，应用find。故选A。【写作佳句】I think it’s necessary for me to find out my strengths and weaknesses at the end of this term.我认为我有必要在这学期结束时找出自己的优点和缺点。（2019·江苏南通·中考真题）一．语法精讲——一般过去时思维导图（一）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。其结构为：a. 主系表　主语＋was/were＋其他. b. 主谓宾　主语＋谓语动词（过去式）＋宾语.☞ —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。☞ When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。1. 一般过去时的基本结构①实义动词肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.☞ I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。☞ I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. ☞ —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？☞ —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。② be 动词肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他.☞ I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他.☞ I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他?☞ —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？—Yes, I was. / No,I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他?☞ —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。2. 一般过去时的构成3. 如何判定一般过去时（1）通过句子中是否有表示过去的时间状语来判定。① 介词＋表示过去时间的年、月、日，如in 1983等。② yesterday以及由yesterday构成的短语：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening，the day before yesterday。③ 带有ago的短语，如three days ago，five years ago。④ last构成的短语，如last week/year/month等。⑤ 表示过去的词或短语，如once，at that time，just now等。（2）若找不到明显的时间状语，则通过上下文判断。☞ —Where did you go? 你去哪儿了？ —I went to Beijing. 我去北京了。（3）两个或两个以上动词用and连接时，若前一个动词为过去式，后面的动词也要用其过去式。☞ I turned on the TV, sat down and watched the program. 我打开了电视，坐下来看节目。4. 肯定句如何变为否定句（1）含有系动词was，were→直接在其后加not。（2）含有情态动词could等时→直接在其后加not。（3）含有实义动词→在该动词前加did not/didn’t，并且该动词变为原形。5. 陈述句如何变一般疑问句和特殊疑问句（1）若句中有be动词或情态动词，则把它们移到句首。（2）若句中是行为动词，则在句首加Did，谓语动词改为原形。（3）特殊疑问句则需在一般疑问句基础上加上特殊疑问词。一般过去时肯定句的过去式，规则动词加-ed，不规则的必须记。否定形式疑问句，没有be加did。如把did加在前，动词也要还原形。 （二）不定代词的用法不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。在本单元中，主要出现的不定代词为由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，因此主要详细讲解这一部分不定代词的用法，在这些复合不定代词中，除no one以外，其他都要写成一个词。1. 复合不定代词有：【注意】由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。2. 复合不定代词的定语（1）形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词时，要位于不定代词或不定副词之后，作后置定语。 ☞ Last night, I saw someone strange lying on the ground near my home. 昨晚在我家附近，我看见一个陌生人躺在地上。 Many people like to go somewhere interesting to have a vacation. 许多人喜欢去有趣的地方度假。（2）复合不定代词与动词不定式连用，不定式作后置定语。☞ Haven’t you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗？3. 复合不定代词的属格 1. 含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有-’s属格形式。☞ Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 大家的事情没人管。 ☞ Is this anybody’s seat? 这儿有人坐吗？ 2. 含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时，-’s属格应加在else之后。☞ Can you remember someone else’s name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗？ 3. 含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-’s属格形式。 4. 复合不定代词的数 复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。☞ Is everyone here today? 今天，大家都到齐了吗？ ☞ Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。5. 复合不定代词的否定 1. not every-表示的是部分否定，意为＂并非都，不都＂。☞ Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。 ☞ The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名字。 2. not any-和no-均表示全否定。☞ He listened, but heard nothing. 他听了听，但什么也没听到。 = He listened, but didn’t hear anything. ☞ You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话，是吗？ = You have called no one/nobody up, have you? “三步五要素法”写游记 话题分析本单元主要话题是节日与假期，与本单元相关的写作题目可以与节假日里的旅游相结合。命题内容以游览为主，根据提示记叙在节假日里旅游的大致情况。写作时应注意游记的内容、格式以及事态的运用。内容一般从以下几方面着手：1. Where did you go?2. How was the weather?3. What did you do?4. How was the food?5. How was the people?6. How did you feel about the trip? 写作步骤◆ 步骤一：在第一行写明日期（年月日与星期）和天气等信息。◆ 步骤二：正文用一般过去时态描述当天发生的事情。◆ 步骤三：在日记的最后描述自己的感受和体会。例题：去年寒假，你到北京的爷爷家度假，玩得很开心。请根据提示（提示词必须都用上）展开合理想象， 写一篇短文，叙述你在北京的寒假活动，与大家分享。80词左右。提示词：winter vacation Tian'anmen Square the Palace Museum a Beijing hutong Beijing duck_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路导航】时态：以过去时态为主；人称：第一人称。【佳作展示】 Beijing is the capital of China and it is in the north of China. There are many places of interest there. A lot of people come to visit Beijing every year. I have been to Beijing many times. I have done many things there. Last winter vacation, I visited my grandfather in Beijing. I climbed the Great Wall and went to the Tian'anmen Square. I visited the Palace Museum but I didn't visit the Summer Palace. I enjoyed the Beijing opera and ate Beijing duck. I liked to walk with my grandfather at the Beijing hutong. I had conversation with foreigners and I took lots of photos. I felt tired but very happy. It was an interesting experience. I had a good time there. 【名师点评】【高分句型一】There are many places of interest there. 那里有很多名胜。句型：There be…… place of interest名胜【高分句型二】I have been to Beijing many times我去过北京很多次。Have been to Sp.去过了某地。【亮点短语】place of interest名胜；have a good time 玩得开心；walk with sb.与某人散步；conversation with sb.与某人聊天；take photos拍照。Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?17. over an hour 一个多小时 18. too many people 太多的人19. get to the top 到达顶部 20. because of the bad weather 因为不好的天气21. one bowl of fish 一碗鱼肉 22. another two hours 另外两个小时23. the top of the hill 山顶 24. learn something important 学习重要的东西25. go to the countryside 去乡下 26. in the shopping center 在购物中心27. have a fun time 玩得高兴；过得愉快 28. after three hours 三个小时以后29. keep going 一直走 30. twenty minutes later 20分钟后用法集萃1. seem +adj.= seem to be +adj. 好像… ； seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事2. decide to do sth. 决定做某事；decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事3. try 的用法。 1) have a try 试一试 2） try to do sth. 努力/ 设法做某事 3) try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 4) try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事。4. feel like给…的感觉;感受到;想要 feel like doing sth.=would like / want to do sth.想要做某事 5. too many+可数名词复数 too much +不可数名词 太多 6. bored厌倦的；烦闷的， boring 无聊的；无趣的区别： bored是感觉无聊，boring是令人感觉无聊；bored 主语是人，boring 主语一般是物; bored 只能作表语，boring 能作表语，定语。7. 表示到达的词语。 get to + 某地。 arrive at + 小地方（车站、码头，学校、单位、家庭、小城镇等），arrive in + 大地方（ 国家，城市等）.特别提示:当arrive at / in ; get to 跟 there, here, home 等副词时，要去掉介词 at / in , to get home / there / here, arrive home / there / here When did you arrive at our school? He arrived in Beijing yesterday.8. because 表“因为”引导原因状语从句 ， so 表“所以”引导结果状语从句，两者不能同时出现在同一句中，但是两者可互换。because 与because of 的用法。because 是连词后跟一个完整的句子，构成原因状语从句。because of 其后接名词、代词、动名词。有时两者可互换。9. enough 的用法。1）做形容词“足够的；充足的”，修饰名词，可位于名词前、后，但常位于名词之前。enough money , enough time. 2) 做副词“足够”，修饰形容词或副词，常位于形容词或副词之后。典句必背1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的？2. Long time no see.好久不见。3. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去有趣的地方了吗？4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.大多数时间我只是待在家里看书和放松。5. I bought something for my father.我给我爸爸买了些东西。6. Everything was excellent. 一切都很棒。7. How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样？8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚的槟城。9. For lunch, we had something very special. 午饭我们吃了很特别的东西。10. …but many of the old buildings are still there .… 但是许多旧的建筑还在那里。11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today.今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。12. And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。Unit1核心话题用一般过去时谈论度假等发生在过去的事情重点词汇New York City;Central Park，exam，were，rainy，delicious，expensive，inexpensive．crowded．flew，kite，later，felt，little,corner,discuss，etc重点短语 go on vacation, stay at home, go to summer camp, quite a few , of course ,most of the time , have a good time ,keep a diary ,feel like ,because of , in the past decide to do sth ,try to do sth 重点句型Where did you go on vacation?I went to summer camp．Did she go to Central Park？Yes，she did．No,she didn’t.语法1. 复合不定 2. 一般过去时写作＂三步五要素法＂写游记anyone只指人，不指物，且后面不接of短语any one既可指人，又可指物，表示＂任何一个＂，后面可接of短语。一言辨异Anyone in my class knows any one of the singers and any one of their songs. 我们班上任何人都知道这些歌手中的任何一个和他们歌曲中的任何一首。anywhere意为＂在任何地方＂。常用于否定句和疑问句中。somewhere意为＂在某处＂，常用于肯定句。everywhere意为＂到处；各个地方＂，相当于here and there。nowhere意为＂无处，哪里都不＂，表示否定意义。口语中表达＂太好/棒了！＂我们还可用That’s good! 或That’s great!等。易混词(短语)用法 含义fewa few修饰可数名词复数形式表示否定意义,意为"几乎没有"。表示肯定意义,意为"一些"。little修饰不可数名词表示否定意义,意为"几乎没有"。a little表示肯定意义,意为"一点"。quite a few意为＂相当多，不少＂。修饰可数名词复数He will stay here for quite a few days. 他会在这儿待不少天。quite a little意为＂许多，相当多＂，修饰不可数名词。There is quite a little water in the cup. 杯子里有很多水。（1）most of... 意为＂……中的大多数＂，它作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于most of后的名词或者代词。☞ Most of us are going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。☞ Most of the food goes bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。（2）most用作形容词，意为＂大多数的；大部分的＂。☞ Most children like playing football very much. 大部分的孩子都非常喜欢踢足球。人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称herself/himself/itselfthemselvesno one只能用于指人，不能与of连用。作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。可表示＂没有人＂，一般用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句。 No one wants to go shopping. 没有一个人想去购物。none表示＂没有一个＂。既可指人，也可指物。其后可接of短语，＂none of＋可数名词复数＂作主语时谓语动词用单、复数皆可。可指数量上＂一个也没有＂，一般用来回答how many/much引导的特殊疑问句。 None of these pens work/works. 这些钢笔没有一支能用。nothing 只能用于指物，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。可用来回答what 引导的特殊疑问句及含anything的一般疑问句。 —What is in the box? 箱子里有 什么？—Nothing. 什么东西也没有。no one 与 none 好分辨，具体人、物把none填；不知何人与何物，no one，nothing是一路；no one人 nothing物，保你不会出错误。① decide也可作不及物动词，decide on sth意为＂就某事做决定＂，后常跟名词、 代词、动词的­ing形式作宾语。☞ Betty decided on the red skirt. 贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。☞ Don’t decide on important matters so quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做决定。② decision为名词，意为＂决定＂。make a decision意为＂做决定＂，相当于decide。☞ I made a decision to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。☞ She decided/made a decision to get good grades. 她决定取得好成绩。③ decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事。☞ He decided not to tell his mother the truth. 他决定不告诉他妈妈真相。④ decide后跟＂疑问词＋不定式＂作其宾语。☞ I can’t decide what to buy. 我不能决定买什么。（1）try也可用作不及物动词，意为“尝试；努力”。 I don’t think I can do it, but I’ll try. 我认为我做不了它，但是我要尝试一下。（2）try用作名词，意为“尝试”，常用于短语have a try，意为“试一试”。 I’m going to have a try. 我要试一试。feel like 还可表示＂想要……＂，其后接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth = want to do sth = would like to do sth☞ Do you feel like a cup of tea now? 你现在想要杯茶吗？☞ I feel like going to bed.＝I want to go to bed.＝I would like to go to bed.我想上床睡觉。（1）wonder作名词时，意为＂奇迹；奇观＂。☞ What are the seven wonders of the world? 世界七大奇观是什么？（2）wonderful为形容词，可作表语或定语，意为＂精彩的；绝妙的；令人愉快的＂。☞ It’s wonderful to see you again! 再次见到你真叫人高兴！☞ That’s a wonderful performance. 那是场精彩的表演。difference常构成短语：make a difference 有影响；起作用make no difference 没影响the difference(s) between...and... ……和……两者间的不同点 wait还可作名词，意为＂等待；等候＂。I don’t like this long wait. 我不喜欢这种长时间的等待。too much太多的中心词是much，修饰不可数名词，too用来加强语气。 There was too much work for one person. 一个人做，工作量太大了。too many太多的中心词是many，修饰可数名词复数，too用来加强语气。I have too many questions to ask. 我有太多的问题要问。much too修饰形容词或副词。中心词是too，much用来加强语气。This dress is much too expensive. 这件连衣裙太贵了。分辨too much，much too与too many的口诀三者用法区别看后边much 后接不可数，too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。because of短语介词，后可接名词、代词或名词性成分We didn’t get there in time because of the heavy rain. 由于大雨，我们没有及时到那儿。because连词，意为＂因为＂，引导状语从句，表明直接、明确的原因或理由We didn’t get there in time because it rained heavily. 由于大雨，我们没有及时到那儿。look for＂寻找＂，强调寻找的过程，但不一定能找到。He began to look for a new job immediately after he was fired. 他被解雇后立即开始寻找一份新工作。To look for a needle in a haystack. 大海捞针。find＂发现，找到＂，强调结果，通常指偶然发现。 I’m looking for my key, but I can’t find it. 我正在找我的钥匙，但是我找不到它。find out＂查明，找出＂，经过一番努力最终找到，具有目的性。Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。情况构成方法例词一般情况加-edwash→washed help→helped以不发音的字母e结尾加-dhope→hoped like→liked以辅音字母+ y结尾变y为i，再加-edcarry→carried study→studied结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-edstop→stopped plan→planned物something 某物anything 任何事物nothing 无物everything 每一件事人somebodysomeone某人anybodyanyone任何人nobodyno one没有人everybodyeveryone每人巧学不定代词不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。Unit1核心话题用一般过去时谈论度假等发生在过去的事情重点词汇New York City;Central Park，exam，were，rainy，delicious，expensive，inexpensive．crowded．flew，kite，later，felt，little,corner,discuss，etc重点短语 go on vacation, stay at home, go to summer camp, quite a few , of course ,most of the time , have a good time ,keep a diary ,feel like ,because of , in the past decide to do sth ,try to do sth 重点句型Where did you go on vacation?I went to summer camp．Did she go to Central Park？Yes，she did．No,she didn’t.语法1. 复合不定 2. 一般过去时写作＂三步五要素法＂写游记anyone只指人，不指物，且后面不接of短语any one既可指人，又可指物，表示＂任何一个＂，后面可接of短语。一言辨异Anyone in my class knows any one of the singers and any one of their songs. 我们班上任何人都知道这些歌手中的任何一个和他们歌曲中的任何一首。anywhere意为＂在任何地方＂。常用于否定句和疑问句中。somewhere意为＂在某处＂，常用于肯定句。everywhere意为＂到处；各个地方＂，相当于here and there。nowhere意为＂无处，哪里都不＂，表示否定意义。口语中表达＂太好/棒了！＂我们还可用That’s good! 或That’s great!等。易混词(短语)用法 含义fewa few修饰可数名词复数形式表示否定意义,意为"几乎没有"。表示肯定意义,意为"一些"。little修饰不可数名词表示否定意义,意为"几乎没有"。a little表示肯定意义,意为"一点"。quite a few意为＂相当多，不少＂。修饰可数名词复数He will stay here for quite a few days. 他会在这儿待不少天。quite a little意为＂许多，相当多＂，修饰不可数名词。There is quite a little water in the cup. 杯子里有很多水。（1）most of... 意为＂……中的大多数＂，它作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于most of后的名词或者代词。☞ Most of us are going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。☞ Most of the food goes bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。（2）most用作形容词，意为＂大多数的；大部分的＂。☞ Most children like playing football very much. 大部分的孩子都非常喜欢踢足球。人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称herself/himself/itselfthemselvesno one只能用于指人，不能与of连用。作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。可表示＂没有人＂，一般用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句。 No one wants to go shopping. 没有一个人想去购物。none表示＂没有一个＂。既可指人，也可指物。其后可接of短语，＂none of＋可数名词复数＂作主语时谓语动词用单、复数皆可。可指数量上＂一个也没有＂，一般用来回答how many/much引导的特殊疑问句。 None of these pens work/works. 这些钢笔没有一支能用。nothing 只能用于指物，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。可用来回答what 引导的特殊疑问句及含anything的一般疑问句。 —What is in the box? 箱子里有 什么？—Nothing. 什么东西也没有。no one 与 none 好分辨，具体人、物把none填；不知何人与何物，no one，nothing是一路；no one人 nothing物，保你不会出错误。① decide也可作不及物动词，decide on sth意为＂就某事做决定＂，后常跟名词、 代词、动词的­ing形式作宾语。☞ Betty decided on the red skirt. 贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。☞ Don’t decide on important matters so quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做决定。② decision为名词，意为＂决定＂。make a decision意为＂做决定＂，相当于decide。☞ I made a decision to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。☞ She decided/made a decision to get good grades. 她决定取得好成绩。③ decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事。☞ He decided not to tell his mother the truth. 他决定不告诉他妈妈真相。④ decide后跟＂疑问词＋不定式＂作其宾语。☞ I can’t decide what to buy. 我不能决定买什么。（1）try也可用作不及物动词，意为“尝试；努力”。 I don’t think I can do it, but I’ll try. 我认为我做不了它，但是我要尝试一下。（2）try用作名词，意为“尝试”，常用于短语have a try，意为“试一试”。 I’m going to have a try. 我要试一试。feel like 还可表示＂想要……＂，其后接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth = want to do sth = would like to do sth☞ Do you feel like a cup of tea now? 你现在想要杯茶吗？☞ I feel like going to bed.＝I want to go to bed.＝I would like to go to bed.我想上床睡觉。（1）wonder作名词时，意为＂奇迹；奇观＂。☞ What are the seven wonders of the world? 世界七大奇观是什么？（2）wonderful为形容词，可作表语或定语，意为＂精彩的；绝妙的；令人愉快的＂。☞ It’s wonderful to see you again! 再次见到你真叫人高兴！☞ That’s a wonderful performance. 那是场精彩的表演。difference常构成短语：make a difference 有影响；起作用make no difference 没影响the difference(s) between...and... ……和……两者间的不同点 wait还可作名词，意为＂等待；等候＂。I don’t like this long wait. 我不喜欢这种长时间的等待。too much太多的中心词是much，修饰不可数名词，too用来加强语气。 There was too much work for one person. 一个人做，工作量太大了。too many太多的中心词是many，修饰可数名词复数，too用来加强语气。I have too many questions to ask. 我有太多的问题要问。much too修饰形容词或副词。中心词是too，much用来加强语气。This dress is much too expensive. 这件连衣裙太贵了。分辨too much，much too与too many的口诀三者用法区别看后边much 后接不可数，too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。because of短语介词，后可接名词、代词或名词性成分We didn’t get there in time because of the heavy rain. 由于大雨，我们没有及时到那儿。because连词，意为＂因为＂，引导状语从句，表明直接、明确的原因或理由We didn’t get there in time because it rained heavily. 由于大雨，我们没有及时到那儿。look for＂寻找＂，强调寻找的过程，但不一定能找到。He began to look for a new job immediately after he was fired. 他被解雇后立即开始寻找一份新工作。To look for a needle in a haystack. 大海捞针。find＂发现，找到＂，强调结果，通常指偶然发现。 I’m looking for my key, but I can’t find it. 我正在找我的钥匙，但是我找不到它。find out＂查明，找出＂，经过一番努力最终找到，具有目的性。Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。情况构成方法例词一般情况加-edwash→washed help→helped以不发音的字母e结尾加-dhope→hoped like→liked以辅音字母+ y结尾变y为i，再加-edcarry→carried study→studied结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-edstop→stopped plan→planned物something 某物anything 任何事物nothing 无物everything 每一件事人somebodysomeone某人anybodyanyone任何人nobodyno one没有人everybodyeveryone每人巧学不定代词不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。