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专题37.谓语动词考点运用 （原卷版+解析版）
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目标导航
谓语动词的形式变化主要有时态、语态、语气和主谓一致。语法填空主要考查形式为给出提示词——动词，主要考查时态、语态和主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致)；短文改错主要考查这三种形式的误用。虚拟语气虽然在语法填空与短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中属于高级句式，它的合理运用能给作文增色添彩，因此在二轮备考中，考生也应加强对这一部分知识的学习。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)
My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1.________ (remind) me f myself. In the past, I 2.________ (be) never cnfident because f my appearance. Peple always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shrtest student in my class. I started getting depressed. Hwever, smene tld me smething that I will always remember.
It was in March. Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3.________ (pint) at me and laughed at me, I culdn't help crying. The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river. T my surprise, smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.
I then knew it was ur English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “Yu 4.________ (be) perfect the way yu are. Yu shuld never change r hate yurself. Peple 5.________ (accept) yu fr wh yu 6.________ (be). But if yu cannt accept yurself, then hw will ther peple accept yu？” I 7.________ (inspire) by her wrds. Over the past few mnths, I 8.________ (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws. Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9.________ (lve) me fr wh I am.
Nw, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________ (tell) me.
(二)快捷技法
思考趋向1 填谓语动词的时态和语态变化
提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。
[解题规则]
1．如何确定谓语动词的时态
方法(1) 通过“时态定义”解决时态问题
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
方法(2) 通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题
在题干中，yesterday, tmrrw, always, in the past few years, s far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。
方法(3) 通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。
方法(4) 通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
方法(5) 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。
2．如何确定谓语动词的语态
确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。
注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belng t不用于进行时和被动语态；date back t/date frm常用于一般现在时等。
思考趋向2 填谓语动词的主谓一致变化
除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。
[解题规则]
1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。
2．在定语从句中，关系代词that, wh, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
3．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
4．就近原则：由either ..., neither ..., nt nly (als) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
5．就远原则：主语后跟有with, tgether with, as well as, but, except, alng with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
6．“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7．mre than ne或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
思考趋向3 填谓语动词的虚拟语气变化
确定空格处作谓语动词后，除了考虑时态、语态和主谓一致外，还要结合语境考虑动词的虚拟语气变化。
[解题规则]
1．虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法
2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
(1)在suggest, rder, demand, cmmand, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recmmend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(shuld＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。
(2)在“It is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“shuld＋动词原形”。这些形容词有imprtant, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astnishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recmmended, rdered等。
(3)在“It is (abut/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“shuld＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的shuld不可省略。
(4)在as if/as thugh引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“wuld/culd＋动词原形”。
(5)在wuld rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
时态
At first，Xia Ming didn’t like① schl and was① addicted t cmputer games.Every time his mther asked① him what he was ding② befre ging t bed，the answer was that he was playing② cmputer games.His father had beaten③ him many times befre Xia Ming went t middle schl，s Xia Ming prmised that he wuld study④ hard and wuldn’t play games.
Hwever，Xia Ming has changed⑤ a lt in the past three years.When thers ask abut him，his mther always answers⑥ prudly，“He is ding hmewrk⑦ at hme.He has been studying⑧ fr several hurs.”
Xia Ming will enter⑨ a gd cllege if he keeps wrking hard like this.Maybe after 3 years he will be studying⑩ in a famus university.
单句填空
1.A representative wh (see) his perfrmance befre thught he culd replace anther star wh intended t leave.
2.It (be) a traditin since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stpped trading.
3.Additinally, the kinds f facial make-up(脸谱) (be) the mst particular art in Peking pera.
4.It is said Lu Ban, wh lived in the Spring and Autumn Perid, (invent) the kite.
5.Especially famus is the wall built in 220—206 BC. Little f that wall (remain).
6.Accrding t the letter, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (help) t prmte “equality fr all children in the next generatin”.
7.The humble man (refuse) an interview invitatin after becming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he shuld.
8.Tea frm China, alng with her silk and prcelain (瓷器), began t be knwn t the wrld mre than a thusand years ag and since then it (be) an imprtant Chinese exprt.
9.It (becme) separated frm Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC.
动词的语态
Cia Ming’s Cellphne
Xia Ming’s cellphne was brken① by his father yesterday evening.I culdn’t get thrugh t him because the cellphne was being repaired② then.Befre this，his cellphne had been brken③ fur times because he was careless.Xia Ming liked cellphne games s much that he didn’t study hard.
Cellphnes are widely used④ nwadays.Hwever，many f them are being used⑤ t play games by teenagers.S far，many questins have been raised⑥by their parents.Shuld they be used⑦ by students?
Xia Ming’s cellphne will be repaired⑧ well sn.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphne will have been brught⑨ hme and will be being used⑩ t play games again.
1．掌握独特的时间状语标志
(1)题干中如用always，ften，seldm，smetimes，usually等，用一般现在时。
(2)题干中如用yesterday，last night，a few days ag，the ther day等，用一般过去时。
(3)题干中如用tmrrw，next year，in a week等，用一般将来时。
(4)题干中如用nw，at present等，用现在进行时。
(5)题干中如用at that time，then，at six ’clck yesterday等，用过去进行时。
(6)题干中如用at this time tmrrw，frm 1 ’clck t 3 ’clck tmrrw等，用将来进行时。
(7)题干中如用since，s far，up t nw，in/ver/during the last year/past few years等，用现在完成时。
2．熟记固定句型中的时态
(1)be ，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。
(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。
(3)祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。
3．分清主动被动，辨析语态
看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。
4.不及物动词及短语没有被动语态。
An accident happened n the way hme last night and five peple were killed.
昨晚在回家的路上发生了一起意外事故，死了五个人。
A big fire brke ut in ur schl last week.
上周我们学校发生了一场大火。
5.被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加nt，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介/副词。如：
Trees shuld nt be planted in summer.夏天不应该种树。
The by was made fun f by his classmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑了。
6.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，构成It is＋dne...形式。如：
It is said/reprted that...据说/据报道……
It is well knwn that...众所周知
It must be pinted ut that...必须指出……
It must be admitted that...人们必须承认……
It is generally cnsidered/suppsed/hped/believed that...人们普遍认为/希望/相信……
It is generally cnsidered that the key t learning a freign language well is nthing but practice.
人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。
It is reprted that the temperature will decline sharply in ne r tw days.
据报告，近两日气温将明显下降。
6.下面的主动形式常表示被动意义。如：
(1)feel/taste/smell/lk/sund＋adj.
Junk fd tastes delicius but it desn’t cntain enugh nutritin.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
Yur idea sunds wnderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。
(2)want/need/require ding
The windw wants/needs/requires repairing.这扇窗户需要修理。
Yur cmpsitin still requires plishing t be published.你的文章出版前还需润色。
(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.
The clthes washes well.这些衣服很好洗。
Her new bk was interesting and sld well.她的新书很有趣并且卖得不错。
随堂练习
1.Since the very beginning, the technlgical base needed fr 5G (cnsider).
2.These dams are smetimes six r seven hundred feet in length, and they (cnstruct) s delicately that they lk mre like the wrk f man than f little dumb beasts.
3.Later, Nelsn (award) the Presidential Medal f Freedm in recgnitin f his wrk.
4.Over the years the tpics which were cntrversial at the time (discuss) and debated.
单句改错
5.Every ne f yu are encuraged t visit it.
6.The vluntary activity was ffered us an pprtunity t cntribute t ur sciety.
7.When we arrived, we were warmly welcme by them.
8.Since last winter, the smg has been ccurred a lt f times.
主谓一致
1.找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。
2.牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。
3.注意结合时态和语态。
1．语法一致原则
I live① in Beijing while my girlfriend lives① in Shanghai，and we haven’t① seen each ther fr a lng time.T see her every day is② my dream.What I want t d is③ give up my present jb and wrk in her city.Hwever，all my relatives except my uncle supprt④ my idea.Smene tells⑤ me that it is nt wrthwhile t give up my jb，which brings⑥ me 10,000 yuan every mnth.
2．意义一致原则
I have been travelling n a budget fr fur mnths.Fur mnths is① nt a shrt time.Thugh a large number f peple dn’t② understand me，the majrity f peple I met n my way are③ friendly.The ld dn’t④ supprt my crazy behaviur，but the yung admire④ me.At first my family were⑤ wrried abut me，but nw they have been used t this.
3．就近一致原则
There are① many girls having a taste fr sweet fd，but neither my sister nr I am② interested in candies.
1．用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：
The pet and writer has cme.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tls.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物)
注意：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and frk(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2．若主语中有mre than ne 或many a/an ，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但mre＋复数名词＋than ne作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数。如：
Many a by likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。
Mre than ne student was late.不止一个学生迟到。
Mre persns than ne cme t help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。
3．形复意单名词如：news；以-ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，ecnmics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights《天方夜谭》；以及the United Natins联合国等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
随堂练习
单句语法填空
1．The teacher and pet ften (give) lectures arund the city.
2．Tw-thirds f the bks (be) abut science.
3．Nbdy but Jim and Mike (be) n the playgrund nw.
4．As far as I knw，his family nt very large but the family all music lvers.(be)
5．The pr (be) lked dwn upn in the ld days.
6．Neither his parents nr I (be) able t persuade him t change his mind.
7．Listening t lud music and rck cncerts (cause) hearing lss in sme teenagers s far.
8．Barbara is easy t recgnize as she is the nly ne f the wmen wh (wear) evening dress.
单句语法填空
1．“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed.”
2．Often，nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin (be) n display.Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
随堂练习
一
On the traditinal Chinese lunar calendar, a year 1 (divide) int 24 slar terms. The slar terms 2 (create) thusands f years ag t guide agricultural prductin.
White Dew (Bailu) is the 15th slar term and indicates the real beginning f cl autumn. The temperature 3 (decline) increasingly with the white dew n the grass and trees seen in the mrning. In many places f China, the air is clear, with the sky in great height and the cluds in peace. The gentle wind can ften 4 (feel)blwing.
Back in the ld days, gathering the white dew frm plants 5 (be)a Chinese traditin. Benca Gangmu, a Chinese herblgy dcument, written by Li Shizhen ver 400 years ag 6 (say)the white dew can 7 (use) as tea which 8 (taste) sweet with its pleasant smell and has cling effects n the bdy and keeps peple healthy.
In Suthern China, peple tend t eat lngans n 9 day. They believe the fruit can bring gd luck, make peple stay calm and cure sme typical cnditins.
Yu the Great was an admired ruler in ancient China,wh was famus fr cntrlling flds, his gvernance f the Xia Dynasty, and his mral character. When it cmes t White Dew every year, 10 (fisherman) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prvinces will hld a week-lng ceremny t hnr Yu the Great, hping he can bring them luck and wealth.
二
On March 28, seven 1 (mnth) after Manu Ginbili decided t retire frm the NBA, the San Antni Spurs held a mving ceremny sincerely t shw great respect t him and t retire his jersey(球衣)N. 20, which 2 (cnsider) a fitting end t ne f the greatest careers in internatinal basketball.
That day, his fans 3 (scream) ut“Gracias Manu, pr td”, r “Thanks fr everything, Manu”in English.
The Argentine-Italian shting guard played all 16 f his NBA seasns with the Spurs. He was an 4 (imprtance) part f San Antni's “Big Three” era(时代), alng 5 Tim Duncan and Tny Parker. Tgether they helped the team win fur NBA champinships between 2002 and 2014.
Of curse n this big day, Ginbili 6 (seat) between Duncan and Parker.
“Whenever I think abut yu, yu 7 (be) unique as a player,”Parker said at the ceremny.
Their cach Gregg Ppvich then 8 (explain) Ginbili's uniqueness. “The way the team 9 (set) up, we all needed each ther,” he said. “If it were nt fr Manu,there 10 (be) n champinships.”
三
Designated a “City f Design”by UNESCO in 2008, Shenzhen was the first city in China t present 1 fficial strategy arund creative develpment. This led 2 the sudden and tremendus grwth f its up-and-cming industries. S far mdern platfrms 3 (take)the place f traditinal fcuses with a wider range f creative enterprises frm smart infrastructural cnstructin t design and rbts.
Shenzhen 4 (be) a castal city n the east bank f the Pearl River Harbr, separated frm Hng Kng by a natural river brder. It 5 (recgnise) as the yungest city f China. Thugh it 6 (have) a histry f 7,000 years, its true develpment didn't start until 1980 when China 7 (start) its refrm and pening plicy. With its energy f yuth, Shenzhen has develped at an incredible speed. After being designated as the 8 (ne) special ecnmic zne in China, what was nce a fishing village has 9 (rapid) becme an emerging mdern city. In the past 30 years, it 10 (change) frm a nameless fish twn t ne f the mst prsperus cities in China. Tday, Shenzhen's speed has gathered internatinal influence.
三
Ocean pllutin 1 (be) serius. It can 2 (kill) cean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital t fcus n this issue and find ways t prevent pllutin in ur waters.
Pllutin in the ceans severely 3 (harm) sea creatures. Fr example, cean animals ften mistake pieces f plastic fr fd. As 4 result, their bellies 5 (fill) with plastic frm bttles, cntainers and beach tys. This can be deadly t the animals.
Ocean pllutin 6 (cause)risks t humans, t. Plluted water can result 7 disease amng swimmers. Als, peple eat fish which might 8 (pisn) with harmful chemicals frm il leaks and rubbish in sea water.
Sme peple may argue that cean pllutin is nt serius, believing that the ceans are s vast that they can absrb all kinds f pllutin. Hwever, the many examples f cean creatures killed by pllutin prve them wrng.
In 9 (cnclude), it’s clear that cean pllutin is a 10 (challenge)prblem. We need t learn mre abut hw t stp it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
四
These days, 1 wmen and men 2 (surrund) by magazines and websites full f tips n dieting, exercise and fashin. Gne 3 (be) the days when all men had t think abut wearing a nice suit t be smart and handsme. Things 4 (change).
Nw, a survey has suggested that 80% f men admit being unhappy abut their bdies. The biggest bdy issues fr them are beer bellies and lack f muscles. Sme think this sudden vanity is due t the pressure r influence f mdels we 5 (see) n TV and in magazines. Peple end up 6 a perceptin f what the perfect bdy shuld lk like. But nt everybdy 7 (want) t put in the effrt t have perfect muscles 8 Arnld Schwarzenegger. An pprtunistic designer has even 9 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt t make the buyer lk mre f a hunk(猛男).
But Je Warner, the frmer editr f Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many peple in the cuntry are verweight and shuld accept that they need t d mre exercise regularly. Exercise is always gd. But we mustn’t frget beauty is nly skin-deep. Character is 10 (imprtant) than appearance.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
情况
从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
had dne
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋have dne
与将来事实相反
动词的过去式、shuld＋动词原形、were t＋动词原形
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
①是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用动词的一般过去式形式。
②是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。
③是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。
④是过去将来时，结构为：wuld＋动词原形。
⑤是现在完成时，结构为：has/have＋过去分词。
⑥是一般现在时，结构为：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式。
⑦是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。
⑧是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/has been＋现在分词。
⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。
⑩是将来进行时，结构为：will＋be＋现在分词。
①是被动语态的一般过去时，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。
②是被动语态的过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。
③是被动语态的过去完成时，结构为：had been＋过去分词。
④是被动语态的一般现在时，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。
⑤是被动语态的现在进行时，结构为：is/am are＋being＋过去分词。
⑥是被动语态的现在完成时，结构为：have/has been＋过去分词。
⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
⑧是被动语态的一般将来时，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。
⑨是被动语态的将来完成时，结构为：will＋have been＋过去分词。
⑩是被动语态的将来进行时，结构为：will＋be being＋过去分词。
该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式则动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式则动词用复数形式：
①根据主语的人称和数，来确定谓语动词的单复数。
②主语是不定式或动名词，动词用单数。
③主语是从句，动词一般用单数。
④主语后面跟有with，tgether with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词跟这些词前面的主语一致。
⑤主语为smene，anyne，everyne等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。
⑥定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
①表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
②“a number f＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
③the majrity f，the rest f，分数/百分数＋f＋名词，要根据名词的数或者是否可数来确定谓语动词的数。
④“the＋adj.”往往表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。
⑤family，grup，team，class，gvernment等集体名词，当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
①here/there引导一个句子而且主语不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
②由r，nt als...，，，，等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
目标导航
谓语动词的形式变化主要有时态、语态、语气和主谓一致。语法填空主要考查形式为给出提示词——动词，主要考查时态、语态和主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致)；短文改错主要考查这三种形式的误用。虚拟语气虽然在语法填空与短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中属于高级句式，它的合理运用能给作文增色添彩，因此在二轮备考中，考生也应加强对这一部分知识的学习。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)
My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1.________ (remind) me f myself. In the past, I 2.________ (be) never cnfident because f my appearance. Peple always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shrtest student in my class. I started getting depressed. Hwever, smene tld me smething that I will always remember.
It was in March. Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3.________ (pint) at me and laughed at me, I culdn't help crying. The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river. T my surprise, smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.
I then knew it was ur English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “Yu 4.________ (be) perfect the way yu are. Yu shuld never change r hate yurself. Peple 5.________ (accept) yu fr wh yu 6.________ (be). But if yu cannt accept yurself, then hw will ther peple accept yu？” I 7.________ (inspire) by her wrds. Over the past few mnths, I 8.________ (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws. Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9.________ (lve) me fr wh I am.
Nw, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________ (tell) me.
(二)快捷技法
思考趋向1 填谓语动词的时态和语态变化
提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。
[解题规则]
1．如何确定谓语动词的时态
方法(1) 通过“时态定义”解决时态问题
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
方法(2) 通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题
在题干中，yesterday, tmrrw, always, in the past few years, s far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。
方法(3) 通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。
方法(4) 通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
方法(5) 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。
2．如何确定谓语动词的语态
确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。
注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belng t不用于进行时和被动语态；date back t/date frm常用于一般现在时等。
思考趋向2 填谓语动词的主谓一致变化
除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。
[解题规则]
1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。
2．在定语从句中，关系代词that, wh, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
3．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
4．就近原则：由either ..., neither ..., nt nly (als) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
5．就远原则：主语后跟有with, tgether with, as well as, but, except, alng with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
6．“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7．mre than ne或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
思考趋向3 填谓语动词的虚拟语气变化
确定空格处作谓语动词后，除了考虑时态、语态和主谓一致外，还要结合语境考虑动词的虚拟语气变化。
[解题规则]
1．虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法
2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
(1)在suggest, rder, demand, cmmand, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recmmend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(shuld＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。
(2)在“It is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“shuld＋动词原形”。这些形容词有imprtant, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astnishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recmmended, rdered等。
(3)在“It is (abut/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“shuld＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的shuld不可省略。
(4)在as if/as thugh引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“wuld/culd＋动词原形”。
(5)在wuld rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
时态
At first，Xia Ming didn’t like① schl and was① addicted t cmputer games.Every time his mther asked① him what he was ding② befre ging t bed，the answer was that he was playing② cmputer games.His father had beaten③ him many times befre Xia Ming went t middle schl，s Xia Ming prmised that he wuld study④ hard and wuldn’t play games.
Hwever，Xia Ming has changed⑤ a lt in the past three years.When thers ask abut him，his mther always answers⑥ prudly，“He is ding hmewrk⑦ at hme.He has been studying⑧ fr several hurs.”
Xia Ming will enter⑨ a gd cllege if he keeps wrking hard like this.Maybe after 3 years he will be studying⑩ in a famus university.
单句填空
1.A representative wh (see) his perfrmance befre thught he culd replace anther star wh intended t leave.
2.It (be) a traditin since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stpped trading.
3.Additinally, the kinds f facial make-up(脸谱) (be) the mst particular art in Peking pera.
4.It is said Lu Ban, wh lived in the Spring and Autumn Perid, (invent) the kite.
5.Especially famus is the wall built in 220—206 BC. Little f that wall (remain).
6.Accrding t the letter, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (help) t prmte “equality fr all children in the next generatin”.
7.The humble man (refuse) an interview invitatin after becming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he shuld.
8.Tea frm China, alng with her silk and prcelain (瓷器), began t be knwn t the wrld mre than a thusand years ag and since then it (be) an imprtant Chinese exprt.
9.It (becme) separated frm Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC.
动词的语态
Cia Ming’s Cellphne
Xia Ming’s cellphne was brken① by his father yesterday evening.I culdn’t get thrugh t him because the cellphne was being repaired② then.Befre this，his cellphne had been brken③ fur times because he was careless.Xia Ming liked cellphne games s much that he didn’t study hard.
Cellphnes are widely used④ nwadays.Hwever，many f them are being used⑤ t play games by teenagers.S far，many questins have been raised⑥by their parents.Shuld they be used⑦ by students?
Xia Ming’s cellphne will be repaired⑧ well sn.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphne will have been brught⑨ hme and will be being used⑩ t play games again.
1．掌握独特的时间状语标志
(1)题干中如用always，ften，seldm，smetimes，usually等，用一般现在时。
(2)题干中如用yesterday，last night，a few days ag，the ther day等，用一般过去时。
(3)题干中如用tmrrw，next year，in a week等，用一般将来时。
(4)题干中如用nw，at present等，用现在进行时。
(5)题干中如用at that time，then，at six ’clck yesterday等，用过去进行时。
(6)题干中如用at this time tmrrw，frm 1 ’clck t 3 ’clck tmrrw等，用将来进行时。
(7)题干中如用since，s far，up t nw，in/ver/during the last year/past few years等，用现在完成时。
2．熟记固定句型中的时态
(1)be ，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。
(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。
(3)祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。
3．分清主动被动，辨析语态
看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。
4.不及物动词及短语没有被动语态。
An accident happened n the way hme last night and five peple were killed.
昨晚在回家的路上发生了一起意外事故，死了五个人。
A big fire brke ut in ur schl last week.
上周我们学校发生了一场大火。
5.被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加nt，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介/副词。如：
Trees shuld nt be planted in summer.夏天不应该种树。
The by was made fun f by his classmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑了。
6.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，构成It is＋dne...形式。如：
It is said/reprted that...据说/据报道……
It is well knwn that...众所周知
It must be pinted ut that...必须指出……
It must be admitted that...人们必须承认……
It is generally cnsidered/suppsed/hped/believed that...人们普遍认为/希望/相信……
It is generally cnsidered that the key t learning a freign language well is nthing but practice.
人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。
It is reprted that the temperature will decline sharply in ne r tw days.
据报告，近两日气温将明显下降。
6.下面的主动形式常表示被动意义。如：
(1)feel/taste/smell/lk/sund＋adj.
Junk fd tastes delicius but it desn’t cntain enugh nutritin.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
Yur idea sunds wnderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。
(2)want/need/require ding
The windw wants/needs/requires repairing.这扇窗户需要修理。
Yur cmpsitin still requires plishing t be published.你的文章出版前还需润色。
(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.
The clthes washes well.这些衣服很好洗。
Her new bk was interesting and sld well.她的新书很有趣并且卖得不错。
随堂练习
1.Since the very beginning, the technlgical base needed fr 5G (cnsider).
2.These dams are smetimes six r seven hundred feet in length, and they (cnstruct) s delicately that they lk mre like the wrk f man than f little dumb beasts.
3.Later, Nelsn (award) the Presidential Medal f Freedm in recgnitin f his wrk.
4.Over the years the tpics which were cntrversial at the time (discuss) and debated.
单句改错
5.Every ne f yu are encuraged t visit it.
6.The vluntary activity was ffered us an pprtunity t cntribute t ur sciety.
7.When we arrived, we were warmly welcme by them.
8.Since last winter, the smg has been ccurred a lt f times.
主谓一致
1.找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。
2.牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。
3.注意结合时态和语态。
1．语法一致原则
I live① in Beijing while my girlfriend lives① in Shanghai，and we haven’t① seen each ther fr a lng time.T see her every day is② my dream.What I want t d is③ give up my present jb and wrk in her city.Hwever，all my relatives except my uncle supprt④ my idea.Smene tells⑤ me that it is nt wrthwhile t give up my jb，which brings⑥ me 10,000 yuan every mnth.
2．意义一致原则
I have been travelling n a budget fr fur mnths.Fur mnths is① nt a shrt time.Thugh a large number f peple dn’t② understand me，the majrity f peple I met n my way are③ friendly.The ld dn’t④ supprt my crazy behaviur，but the yung admire④ me.At first my family were⑤ wrried abut me，but nw they have been used t this.
3．就近一致原则
There are① many girls having a taste fr sweet fd，but neither my sister nr I am② interested in candies.
1．用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：
The pet and writer has cme.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tls.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物)
注意：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and frk(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2．若主语中有mre than ne 或many a/an ，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但mre＋复数名词＋than ne作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数。如：
Many a by likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。
Mre than ne student was late.不止一个学生迟到。
Mre persns than ne cme t help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。
3．形复意单名词如：news；以-ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，ecnmics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights《天方夜谭》；以及the United Natins联合国等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
随堂练习
单句语法填空
1．The teacher and pet ften (give) lectures arund the city.
2．Tw-thirds f the bks (be) abut science.
3．Nbdy but Jim and Mike (be) n the playgrund nw.
4．As far as I knw，his family nt very large but the family all music lvers.(be)
5．The pr (be) lked dwn upn in the ld days.
6．Neither his parents nr I (be) able t persuade him t change his mind.
7．Listening t lud music and rck cncerts (cause) hearing lss in sme teenagers s far.
8．Barbara is easy t recgnize as she is the nly ne f the wmen wh (wear) evening dress.
单句语法填空
1．“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed.”
2．Often，nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin (be) n display.Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
随堂练习
一
On the traditinal Chinese lunar calendar, a year 1 (divide) int 24 slar terms. The slar terms 2 (create) thusands f years ag t guide agricultural prductin.
White Dew (Bailu) is the 15th slar term and indicates the real beginning f cl autumn. The temperature 3 (decline) increasingly with the white dew n the grass and trees seen in the mrning. In many places f China, the air is clear, with the sky in great height and the cluds in peace. The gentle wind can ften 4 (feel)blwing.
Back in the ld days, gathering the white dew frm plants 5 (be)a Chinese traditin. Benca Gangmu, a Chinese herblgy dcument, written by Li Shizhen ver 400 years ag 6 (say)the white dew can 7 (use) as tea which 8 (taste) sweet with its pleasant smell and has cling effects n the bdy and keeps peple healthy.
In Suthern China, peple tend t eat lngans n 9 day. They believe the fruit can bring gd luck, make peple stay calm and cure sme typical cnditins.
Yu the Great was an admired ruler in ancient China,wh was famus fr cntrlling flds, his gvernance f the Xia Dynasty, and his mral character. When it cmes t White Dew every year, 10 (fisherman) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prvinces will hld a week-lng ceremny t hnr Yu the Great, hping he can bring them luck and wealth.
二
On March 28, seven 1 (mnth) after Manu Ginbili decided t retire frm the NBA, the San Antni Spurs held a mving ceremny sincerely t shw great respect t him and t retire his jersey(球衣)N. 20, which 2 (cnsider) a fitting end t ne f the greatest careers in internatinal basketball.
That day, his fans 3 (scream) ut“Gracias Manu, pr td”, r “Thanks fr everything, Manu”in English.
The Argentine-Italian shting guard played all 16 f his NBA seasns with the Spurs. He was an 4 (imprtance) part f San Antni's “Big Three” era(时代), alng 5 Tim Duncan and Tny Parker. Tgether they helped the team win fur NBA champinships between 2002 and 2014.
Of curse n this big day, Ginbili 6 (seat) between Duncan and Parker.
“Whenever I think abut yu, yu 7 (be) unique as a player,”Parker said at the ceremny.
Their cach Gregg Ppvich then 8 (explain) Ginbili's uniqueness. “The way the team 9 (set) up, we all needed each ther,” he said. “If it were nt fr Manu,there 10 (be) n champinships.”
三
Designated a “City f Design”by UNESCO in 2008, Shenzhen was the first city in China t present 1 fficial strategy arund creative develpment. This led 2 the sudden and tremendus grwth f its up-and-cming industries. S far mdern platfrms 3 (take)the place f traditinal fcuses with a wider range f creative enterprises frm smart infrastructural cnstructin t design and rbts.
Shenzhen 4 (be) a castal city n the east bank f the Pearl River Harbr, separated frm Hng Kng by a natural river brder. It 5 (recgnise) as the yungest city f China. Thugh it 6 (have) a histry f 7,000 years, its true develpment didn't start until 1980 when China 7 (start) its refrm and pening plicy. With its energy f yuth, Shenzhen has develped at an incredible speed. After being designated as the 8 (ne) special ecnmic zne in China, what was nce a fishing village has 9 (rapid) becme an emerging mdern city. In the past 30 years, it 10 (change) frm a nameless fish twn t ne f the mst prsperus cities in China. Tday, Shenzhen's speed has gathered internatinal influence.
三
Ocean pllutin 1 (be) serius. It can 2 (kill) cean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital t fcus n this issue and find ways t prevent pllutin in ur waters.
Pllutin in the ceans severely 3 (harm) sea creatures. Fr example, cean animals ften mistake pieces f plastic fr fd. As 4 result, their bellies 5 (fill) with plastic frm bttles, cntainers and beach tys. This can be deadly t the animals.
Ocean pllutin 6 (cause)risks t humans, t. Plluted water can result 7 disease amng swimmers. Als, peple eat fish which might 8 (pisn) with harmful chemicals frm il leaks and rubbish in sea water.
Sme peple may argue that cean pllutin is nt serius, believing that the ceans are s vast that they can absrb all kinds f pllutin. Hwever, the many examples f cean creatures killed by pllutin prve them wrng.
In 9 (cnclude), it’s clear that cean pllutin is a 10 (challenge)prblem. We need t learn mre abut hw t stp it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
四
These days, 1 wmen and men 2 (surrund) by magazines and websites full f tips n dieting, exercise and fashin. Gne 3 (be) the days when all men had t think abut wearing a nice suit t be smart and handsme. Things 4 (change).
Nw, a survey has suggested that 80% f men admit being unhappy abut their bdies. The biggest bdy issues fr them are beer bellies and lack f muscles. Sme think this sudden vanity is due t the pressure r influence f mdels we 5 (see) n TV and in magazines. Peple end up 6 a perceptin f what the perfect bdy shuld lk like. But nt everybdy 7 (want) t put in the effrt t have perfect muscles 8 Arnld Schwarzenegger. An pprtunistic designer has even 9 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt t make the buyer lk mre f a hunk(猛男).
But Je Warner, the frmer editr f Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many peple in the cuntry are verweight and shuld accept that they need t d mre exercise regularly. Exercise is always gd. But we mustn’t frget beauty is nly skin-deep. Character is 10 (imprtant) than appearance.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
情况
从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
had dne
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋have dne
与将来事实相反
动词的过去式、shuld＋动词原形、were t＋动词原形
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
①是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用动词的一般过去式形式。
②是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。
③是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。
④是过去将来时，结构为：wuld＋动词原形。
⑤是现在完成时，结构为：has/have＋过去分词。
⑥是一般现在时，结构为：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式。
⑦是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。
⑧是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/has been＋现在分词。
⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。
⑩是将来进行时，结构为：will＋be＋现在分词。
①是被动语态的一般过去时，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。
②是被动语态的过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。
③是被动语态的过去完成时，结构为：had been＋过去分词。
④是被动语态的一般现在时，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。
⑤是被动语态的现在进行时，结构为：is/am are＋being＋过去分词。
⑥是被动语态的现在完成时，结构为：have/has been＋过去分词。
⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
⑧是被动语态的一般将来时，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。
⑨是被动语态的将来完成时，结构为：will＋have been＋过去分词。
⑩是被动语态的将来进行时，结构为：will＋be being＋过去分词。
该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式则动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式则动词用复数形式：
①根据主语的人称和数，来确定谓语动词的单复数。
②主语是不定式或动名词，动词用单数。
③主语是从句，动词一般用单数。
④主语后面跟有with，tgether with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词跟这些词前面的主语一致。
⑤主语为smene，anyne，everyne等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。
⑥定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
①表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
②“a number f＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
③the majrity f，the rest f，分数/百分数＋f＋名词，要根据名词的数或者是否可数来确定谓语动词的数。
④“the＋adj.”往往表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。
⑤family，grup，team，class，gvernment等集体名词，当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
①here/there引导一个句子而且主语不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
②由r，nt als...，，，，等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
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