专题37.谓语动词考点运用---2023届高三英语总复习 （通用）

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谓语动词考点运用  谓语动词的形式变化主要有时态、语态、语气和主谓一致。语法填空主要考查形式为给出提示词——动词，主要考查时态、语态和主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致)；短文改错主要考查这三种形式的误用。虚拟语气虽然在语法填空与短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中属于高级句式，它的合理运用能给作文增色添彩，因此在二轮备考中，考生也应加强对这一部分知识的学习。 (一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1.________ (remind) me of myself. In the past, I 2.________ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn't help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “You 4.________ (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5.________ (accept) you for who you 6.________ (be). But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.________ (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, I 8.________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9.________ (love) me for who I am.Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________ (tell) me.(二)快捷技法思考趋向1　填谓语动词的时态和语态变化提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。[解题规则]1．如何确定谓语动词的时态方法(1)　通过“时态定义”解决时态问题准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。方法(2)　通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。方法(3)　通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。方法(4)　通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。方法(5)　通过“常用句式”解决时态问题掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。2．如何确定谓语动词的语态确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。思考趋向2　填谓语动词的主谓一致变化除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。[解题规则]1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。2．在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。3．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。4．就近原则：由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。5．就远原则：主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。6．“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。7．more than one或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。思考趋向3　填谓语动词的虚拟语气变化确定空格处作谓语动词后，除了考虑时态、语态和主谓一致外，还要结合语境考虑动词的虚拟语气变化。[解题规则]1．虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反had doneshould/would/could/might＋have done与将来事实相反动词的过去式、should＋动词原形、were to＋动词原形should/would/could/might＋动词原形2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用(1)在suggest, order, demand, command, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(should＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。(2)在“It is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”。这些形容词有important, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astonishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recommended, ordered等。(3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的should不可省略。(4)在as if/as though引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”。(5)在would rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。时态 At first，Xiao Ming didn’t like① school and was① addicted to computer games.Every time his mother asked① him what he was doing② before going to bed，the answer was that he was playing② computer games.His father had beaten③ him many times before Xiao Ming went to middle school，so Xiao Ming promised that he would study④ hard and wouldn’t play games.However，Xiao Ming has changed⑤ a lot in the past three years.When others ask about him，his mother always answers⑥ proudly，“He is doing homework⑦ at home.He has been studying⑧ for several hours.”Xiao Ming will enter⑨ a good college if he keeps working hard like this.Maybe after 3 years he will be studying⑩ in a famous university.①是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用动词的一般过去式形式。②是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。③是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。④是过去将来时，结构为：would＋动词原形。⑤是现在完成时，结构为：has/have＋过去分词。⑥是一般现在时，结构为：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式。⑦是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。⑧是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/has been＋现在分词。⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。⑩是将来进行时，结构为：will＋be＋现在分词。单句填空1.A representative who 　　　(see) his performance before thought he could replace another star who intended to leave. 2.It 　　　(be) a tradition since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stopped trading. 3.Additionally, the kinds of facial make-up(脸谱) 　　　(be) the most particular art in Peking opera. 4.It is said Lu Ban, who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period, 　　　(invent) the kite. 5.Especially famous is the wall built in 220—206 BC. Little of that wall 　　　(remain). 6.According to the letter, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative 　　　(help) to promote “equality for all children in the next generation”.  7.The humble man 　　　(refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should. 8.Tea from China, along with her silk and porcelain (瓷器), began to be known to the world more than a thousand years ago and since then it 　　　 (be) an important Chinese export. 9.It 　　　(become) separated from Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC. 动词的语态Ciao Ming’s CellphoneXiao Ming’s cellphone was broken① by his father yesterday evening.I couldn’t get through to him because the cellphone was being repaired② then.Before this，his cellphone had been broken③ four times because he was careless.Xiao Ming liked cellphone games so much that he didn’t study hard.　Cellphones are widely used④ nowadays.However，many of them are being used⑤ to play games by teenagers.So far，many questions have been raised⑥by their parents.Should they be used⑦ by students? Xiao Ming’s cellphone will be repaired⑧ well soon.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphone will have been brought⑨ home and will be being used⑩ to play games again.①是被动语态的一般过去时，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。②是被动语态的过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。③是被动语态的过去完成时，结构为：had been＋过去分词。④是被动语态的一般现在时，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。⑤是被动语态的现在进行时，结构为：is/am are＋being＋过去分词。⑥是被动语态的现在完成时，结构为：have/has been＋过去分词。⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。⑧是被动语态的一般将来时，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。⑨是被动语态的将来完成时，结构为：will＋have been＋过去分词。⑩是被动语态的将来进行时，结构为：will＋be being＋过去分词。 1．掌握独特的时间状语标志(1)题干中如用always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般现在时。(2)题干中如用yesterday，last night，a few days ago，the other day等，用一般过去时。(3)题干中如用tomorrow，next year，in a week等，用一般将来时。(4)题干中如用now，at present等，用现在进行时。(5)题干中如用at that time，then，at six o’clock yesterday等，用过去进行时。(6)题干中如用at this time tomorrow，from 1 o’clock to 3 o’clock tomorrow等，用将来进行时。(7)题干中如用since，so far，up to now，in/over/during the last year/past few years等，用现在完成时。2．熟记固定句型中的时态(1)be doing...when...，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。3．分清主动被动，辨析语态看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。4.不及物动词及短语没有被动语态。An accident happened on the way home last night and five people were killed.昨晚在回家的路上发生了一起意外事故，死了五个人。A big fire broke out in our school last week.上周我们学校发生了一场大火。5.被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介/副词。如：Trees should not be planted in summer.夏天不应该种树。The boy was made fun of by his classmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑了。6.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，构成It is＋done...形式。如：It is said/reported that...据说/据报道……It is well known that...众所周知It must be pointed out that...必须指出……It must be admitted that...人们必须承认……It is generally considered/supposed/hoped/believed that...人们普遍认为/希望/相信……It is generally considered that the key to learning a foreign language well is nothing but practice.人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.据报告，近两日气温将明显下降。6.下面的主动形式常表示被动意义。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn’t contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。Your idea sounds wonderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。(2)want/need/require doingThe window wants/needs/requires repairing.这扇窗户需要修理。Your composition still requires polishing to be published.你的文章出版前还需润色。(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.The clothes washes well.这些衣服很好洗。Her new book was interesting and sold well.她的新书很有趣并且卖得不错。随堂练习1.Since the very beginning, the technological base needed for 5G 　　　 (consider). 2.These dams are sometimes six or seven hundred feet in length, and they 　　　(construct) so delicately that they look more like the work of man than of little dumb beasts.  3.Later, Nelson 　　　(award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.  4.Over the years the topics which were controversial at the time 　　　(discuss) and debated. 单句改错5.Every one of you are encouraged to visit it.　　　　　 6.The voluntary activity was offered us an opportunity to contribute to our society.　　　　　 7.When we arrived, we were warmly welcome by them.　　　　　 8.Since last winter, the smog has been occurred a lot of times.　　　　　 主谓一致1.找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。2.牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。3.注意结合时态和语态。1．语法一致原则I live① in Beijing while my girlfriend lives① in Shanghai，and we haven’t① seen each other for a long time.To see her every day is② my dream.What I want to do is③  give up my present job and work in her city.However，all my relatives except my uncle support④ my idea.Someone tells⑤ me that it is not worthwhile to give up my job，which brings⑥ me 10,000 yuan every month.该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式则动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式则动词用复数形式：①根据主语的人称和数，来确定谓语动词的单复数。②主语是不定式或动名词，动词用单数。③主语是从句，动词一般用单数。④主语后面跟有with，together with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词跟这些词前面的主语一致。⑤主语为someone，anyone，everyone等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。⑥定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。 2．意义一致原则I have been travelling on a budget for four months.Four months is① not a short time.Though a large number of people don’t② understand me，the majority of people I met on my way are③ friendly.The old don’t④ support my crazy behaviour，but the young admire④ me.At first my family were⑤ worried about me，but now they have been used to this.①表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。②“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。③the majority of，the rest of，分数/百分数＋of＋名词，要根据名词的数或者是否可数来确定谓语动词的数。④“the＋adj.”往往表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集体名词，当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。 3．就近一致原则There are① many girls having a taste for sweet food，but neither my sister nor I am② interested in candies.①here/there引导一个句子而且主语不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。②由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 1．用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物)注意：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2．若主语中有more than one 或many a/an ，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more＋复数名词＋than one作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数。如：Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。More than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。More persons than one come to help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。3．形复意单名词如：news；以-ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights《天方夜谭》；以及the United Nations联合国等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。随堂练习单句语法填空1．The teacher and poet often             (give) lectures around the city.2．Two-thirds of the books            (be) about science.3．Nobody but Jim and Mike            (be) on the playground now.4．As far as I know，his family            not very large but the family            all music lovers.(be)5．The poor            (be) looked down upon in the old days.6．Neither his parents nor I            (be) able to persuade him to change his mind.7．Listening to loud music and rock concerts            (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers so far.8．Barbara is easy to recognize as she is the only one of the women who            (wear) evening dress.单句语法填空1．“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it         (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”2．Often，only a small part of a museum’s collection         (be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research. 随堂练习一On the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, a year 　1　 (divide) into 24 solar terms. The solar terms 　2　(create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. White Dew (Bailu) is the 15th solar term and indicates the real beginning of cool autumn. The temperature 　3　(decline) increasingly with the white dew on the grass and trees seen in the morning. In many places of China, the air is clear, with the sky in great height and the clouds in peace. The gentle wind can often 　4　 (feel)blowing. Back in the old days, gathering the white dew from plants 　5　 (be)a Chinese tradition. Bencao Gangmu, a Chinese herbology document, written by Li Shizhen over 400 years ago 　6　 (say)the white dew can 　7　 (use) as tea which 　8　(taste) sweet with its pleasant smell and has cooling effects on the body and keeps people healthy. In Southern China, people tend to eat longans on 　9　 day. They believe the fruit can bring good luck, make people stay calm and cure some typical conditions. Yu the Great was an admired ruler in ancient China,who was famous for controlling floods, his governance of the Xia Dynasty, and his moral character. When it comes to White Dew every year, 　10　(fisherman) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces will hold a week-long ceremony to honor Yu the Great, hoping he can bring them luck and wealth. 二On March 28, seven 　1　 (month) after Manu Ginobili decided to retire from the NBA, the San Antonio Spurs held a moving ceremony sincerely to show great respect to him and to retire his jersey(球衣)No. 20, which 　2　 (consider) a fitting end to one of the greatest careers in international basketball.  That day, his fans 　3　 (scream) out“Gracias Manu, por todo”, or “Thanks for everything, Manu”in English. The Argentine-Italian shooting guard played all 16 of his NBA seasons with the Spurs. He was an 　4　 (importance) part of San Antonio's “Big Three” era(时代), along 　5　 Tim Duncan and Tony Parker. Together they helped the team win four NBA championships between 2002 and 2014. Of course on this big day, Ginobili 　6　 (seat) between Duncan and Parker. “Whenever I think about you, you 　7　 (be) unique as a player,”Parker said at the ceremony. Their coach Gregg Popovich then 　8　 (explain) Ginobili's uniqueness. “The way the team 　9　 (set) up, we all needed each other,” he said. “If it were not for Manu,there 　10　 (be) no championships.”  三Designated a “City of Design”by UNESCO in 2008, Shenzhen was the first city in China to present 　1　 official strategy around creative development. This led 　2　 the sudden and tremendous growth of its up-and-coming industries. So far modern platforms 　3　 (take)the place of traditional focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructural construction to design and robots. Shenzhen 　4　 (be) a coastal city on the east bank of the Pearl River Harbor, separated from Hong Kong by a natural river border. It 　5　 (recognise) as the youngest city of China. Though it 　6　 (have) a history of 7,000 years, its true development didn't start until 1980 when China 　7　 (start) its reform and opening policy. With its energy of youth, Shenzhen has developed at an incredible speed. After being designated as the 　8　 (one) special economic zone in China, what was once a fishing village has 　9　 (rapid) become an emerging modern city. In the past 30 years, it 　10　 (change) from a nameless fish town to one of the most prosperous cities in China. Today, Shenzhen's speed has gathered international influence.  三Ocean pollution 　1　 (be) serious. It can 　2　 (kill) ocean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.  Pollution in the oceans severely 　3　 (harm) sea creatures. For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food. As 　4　 result, their bellies 　5　 (fill) with plastic from bottles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals. Ocean pollution 　6　 (cause)risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result 　7　 disease among swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might 　8　 (poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.  Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures killed by pollution prove them wrong.In 　9　 (conclude), it’s clear that ocean pollution is a 　10　 (challenge)problem. We need to learn more about how to stop it. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 四These days, 　1　 women and men 　2　 (surround) by magazines and websites full of tips on dieting, exercise and fashion. Gone 　3　 (be) the days when all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things 　4　 (change).  Now, a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit being unhappy about their bodies. The biggest body issues for them are beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think this sudden vanity is due to the pressure or influence of models we 　5　 (see) on TV and in magazines. People end up 　6　 a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody 　7　 (want) to put in the effort to have perfect muscles 　8　 Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic designer has even 　9　 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt to make the buyer look more of a hunk(猛男).  But Joe Warner, the former editor of Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept that they need to do more exercise regularly. Exercise is always good. But we mustn’t forget beauty is only skin-deep. Character is 　10　 (important) than appearance. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.