专题40.冠词、代词、介词考点运用（原卷版+解析版）

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冠词
冠词是语法填空题的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a，an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词类题目时，首先需要明确设空处是表示特指还是泛指，如果是前者用the，后者则需要再判断用a还是an。短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外，还需要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词。同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。
(一)考点练悟(用冠词填空)
When I walked dwn 1.________ Third Avenue, as 2.______ rule, I used t lk int the windws f 3.______ ld shp that sld ld and beautiful things. Since I ften tk my walk after the clsing time, I cupped my hands against 4.________ windws t get 5.________ small lk at the treasures inside.
Sme things lked as if they had nt been nticed fr 6.________ lng time, but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their wn surface. I even thught they were 7.________ mst beautiful that I had ever seen. That was hw I felt abut ld peple, t. I knew their value, and it hurt me when thers missed it. I was raised by my grandmther and given 8.________ deep sense f the value f experience. Taught t behave well, my sister and I respected ther peple, regardless f their age r clr. My grandmther was lved by all 9.________ peple arund her. She was knwn t be 10.________ wise and kind wman, wh was able t d things well even in her last years.
Old peple shuld be treated as fine gld. They may be gradually tarnished (失去光泽) by age, but they can be plished with respect. Yu might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.
【答案】1.the 2.a 3.an 4.the 5.a 6.a 7.the 8.a 9.the 10.a
(二)快捷技法
思考趋向——如何确定填冠词
如果空格后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。
解题规则——如何确定填什么冠词
1．不定冠词a/an的常考点
(1)表示泛指，相当于“a certain”。(如题3,6,10)
(2)表示类指，指某类中的“任何一个”。
(3)表示量指，但数的概念没有ne强烈。
(4)表示“每”，相当于per，用于价格、速度、频率等表达中。
(5)考查固定搭配中的不定冠词。(如题2,6)
(6)和具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词连用表示具体的概念。(如题5,8)
2．定冠词the的常考点
(1)特指某人或某物。(如题4,9)
(2)用于最高级或序数词前或由nly, very, same等修饰的名词前。(如题1,7)
(3)和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。
(4)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
(5)定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。
一、不定冠词a/an
My friend Linda is an hnest girl① studying in a university①.We are f an age②，we bth like milk and we drink a cup f milk③ a day④.S we think a cw⑤ is very useful.
二、定冠词 the
Mr Smith is a teacher frm the United States①.He was the first② freign teacher I had met.In the 1990s③，he and his wife were traveling alng the Yangtze River④when a ship wrecked.The Smiths⑤ came up t help the injured⑥ and saved a by by catching him by the arm⑦.The by’s parents said they were the kindest⑧ peple in the wrld⑨.They wuld remember the cuple⑩ frever.
三、零冠词
When learning that teachers① are badly needed in remte districts①，Lily vlunteered t teach in a remte place.Lcal peple have made her headmaster② f the schl since her arrival and she teaches Chinese③，maths③，and English③ herself frm spring t winter④and frm Mnday t Sunday④.On weekends，she teaches them t play vlleyball and chess⑤.When she finds many children attending schl withut having lunch⑥，she raises mney① fr the children’s meals.
随堂练习
题组一 冠词的基本用法
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Als knwn as the Snw Dragn, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail frm Shanghai n Nv. 2 last year, beginning cuntry’s 35th Antarctic expeditin.
2.It’s nt all that hard t build an advanced and large vcabulary. Like many things in life,it’s nging prcess.
3.Chaplin liked idea f wrking in the film industry because it wuld mean a new life.
4.Three became plitical leaders;three became dctrs;the mst famus graduate became university teacher and was respnsible fr the intrductin f mdern teaching methds in his cuntry.
【答案】
题组二 冠词的习惯用法
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The sund f the car died away in distance.
2.Eating chclate nce in while makes it easier fr yu t resist eating it all the time.
3.Beavers build themselves curius huts t live in, and quite frequently great number f these huts are placed clse tgether.
4.All f sudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.
【答案】
代词
近几年，高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空 侧重对it用法的考查；而短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等的用法上。
考生在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数，应仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格。未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法，并会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。
(一)考点练悟(用代词填空)
“Withut the ball, I'm half cmplete f 1.________ (I)，” Luis Fig, ne f the wrld's greatest ftball players nce said.
The Prtuguese played his first internatinal match in 1991 at the age f 18 and has kept scring ever since.
He reached a new mark n February 18 by playing 2.________ (he) hundredth match fr his natinal team in a friendly match against England. A crwd f mre than 30,000 fans watched and cheered fr 3.________ (he) in Lisbn. “Fig, Fig，” 4.________ shuted excitedly when he walked nt the field.
The Real Madrid player, 31, wanted t help his cuntry in Eur 2004 and t win 5.________ Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Madrid bught Fig frm FC Barcelna fr 82.4 millin dllars in 2000, and he shwed everyne what a great player he was by winning FIFA's Ftballer f the Year award in 2001.
“Fig wrks like an artist and has the skills t be the mst cmplete player，” said FIFA President Jseph Blatter in 2001. “Fig 6.________ (he) is a real leader wh always tries his best n the field and a gd team player. 7.________ is n prblem fr him t wrk tgether with his teammate at Real Madrid, star ftballer David Beckham.” In fact, Fig was the first 8.________ t welcme Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strng team, and we can help ne 9.________ and wrk tgether t be successful，” Fig said.
【答案】1.myself 2.his 3.him 4.all 5.anther 6.himself 7.It 8.ne 9.anther
(二)快捷技法
思考趋向
1．当提示词为代词时，需分析判断用其主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词中的哪种形式。
2．如空后无提示词，且空格处在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，考虑填代词。
解题规则
1．人称代词、物主代词和反身代词常考点
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
I① am a senir schl student and I① want t jin ur③ schl ftball team，but the persn in charge rejected me②.I have t spend my③ spare time practicing ftball t imprve myself④.Lk! The ftball under the bed is mine⑤.It has been wrn ut.
(1)人称代词中第三人称的主格(he, she, it, they)与宾格(him, her, it, them)常指代前文或后文出现的人或物。当提示词为人称代词的主格时需考虑是否变为宾格。(如题3)
(2)形容词性物主代词(my, yur, his, her, its, ur, their)在句中作定语，常表示物体的所属；而名词性物主代词(mine, yurs, his, hers, urs, theirs)在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不可以作定语。(如题2)
(3)反身代词(myself, yurself, himself, herself, itself, urselves, yurselves, themselves)表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。(如题1,6)
2．替代词和不定代词常考点
替代词that，thse，ne，nes，the ne，the nes
I fund a beautiful cat in a shp，but it was very expensive.Luckily，I fund ne① lking the same nline and it was much cheaper than that②/the ne③ in the physical shp.Hwever，when I received the cat，I realized thugh the nes④ sld nline were much cheaper，they were nt as gd as thse⑤ in physical shps.I wuld rather spend mre mney n better nes⑥ with high quality.
(1)替代词that, thse, ne, nes
①that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，其复数形式为thse。
②ne指代前面出现过的同类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为nes。(如题8)
(2)不定代词的用法
不定代词
1．all/every/bth/each/neither/nne
There are 50 students in my class.Thugh nt all① f us are studying well，we all① study hard.Every student② has a dream university，thugh nt every student② can be admitted t a famus ne.My deskmate and I bth③ like music，but bth f us dn’t③ want t enter a music institute.Each④ f us has chsen ur future cllege.We have 14 teachers in all，nne⑤ f whm treat us badly.Hwever, my deskmate and I are bth③ fat，s neither⑥ f us lve PE classes.
2．anything/nthing/smething/everything
—D yu have anything① t say abut yur exam?
—N，I have nthing② t say abut it.
—I hpe yu can share smething③ special abut yur schl.
—I have tld yu that I dn’t have anything① t say abut it.Everything④ has gne wrng.
①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。
②nthing表示“什么也没有”，可用于肯定、疑问及否定句。
③smething表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。
④everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。
3．the ther，anther，thers与the thers
—Excuse me.Can yu exchange this T-shirt fr anther① ne? Sme thers② say it desn’t fit me well.
—Of curse.This T-shirt cmes in tw sizes；yu can try n the ther③ ne.
—Dn’t bther.There are s many shps and I will g t see the thers④.
①bth, either, neither都强调两者，可作主语、宾语和定语。neither表示“两者都不”； either表示“两者中任何一个”； bth表示“两者都”。
②all和nne都强调三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而nne表示“全部都不”。(如题4)
③anther表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”； the ther意为“(两者中的)另一个”；ther意为“其余的，另外的”； thers泛指其余的人或物。(如题5,9)
3．it的常考点
(1)it可指代事物或上文提到过的内容。
(2)it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代不定式、动词­ing形式或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。(如题7)
(3)表示“喜欢，恨”等情感的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it，再接从句，这类动词有like, lve, hate, dislike, appreciate等。
(4)it常用于一些固定搭配中，如it is n wnder that “难怪……”；make it“成功；赶上”；when it cmes t ...“当提到……”等。
1.A study shws the students wh are engaged in after-schl activities are happier than wh are nt.
2. was when I gt back t my apartment that I first came acrss my new neighbrs.
3.In many ways, the educatin system in the US is nt very different frm in the UK.
4.The quality f educatin in this small schl is better than in sme larger schls.
5.Hw wuld yu like if yu were watching yur favrite TV prgram and smene came int the rm and just shut it ff withut asking yu?
6.The meeting will be held in September,but knws the date fr sure.
7.T warm himself,the sailr sat in frnt f the fire rubbing ne bare ft against the .
8.Niki is always full f ideas,but is useful t my knwledge.
【答案】
介词
高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意和掌握的知识提出了较高的要求。短文改错题对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。因此，考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意义和用法。
(一)考点练悟(用适当的介词填空)
In the chemistry lab, because 1.________ the student's carelessness, the tube cracked and the liquid in it caused a fire n the table. Frtunately, he put it ut 2.________ time at last.
In fact, it is cmmn t have sme small accidents caused 3.________ carelessness. I used t enjy cking, s I always sught a chance t ck. Hwever, the desire led 4.________ an accident.
Once I stayed 5.________ hme alne. I fund it a chance t ck. I put all the fd I needed 6.________ a pt. Then I had t wait 7.________ it t bil. In rder t kill the waiting time, I went t watch TV. Only in a few minutes was I fascinated by a wnderful prgramme. It was abut half an hur later that I remembered my fd. I turned ff the cker immediately but unfrtunately the fd ran ver 8.________ the pt. I was blamed and had t clean the kitchen.
S we shuld pay attentin 9.________ everything we are ding t avid accidents.
【答案】1.f 2.in 3.by 4.t 5.at 6.int 7.fr 8．frm 9.t
(二)快捷技法
思考趋向
1．若空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不是作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，那么空格处一般是填介词。(如题1,2,3,6,8)
2．看空格前的动词或形容词，若空格处能与之构成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作宾语，那么空格处一般填介词。(如题4,5,7,9)
1．表示方位的介词
We walked acrss① the beach，thrugh② the wds and finally came t③ the huse which was under④the big tree marked in⑤ the map.After stepping int⑥ the huse，we fund a small black table，ver⑦ which was a lamp.Then we lked arund⑧，nly t find nthing.My friend fund smething special—an empty bx.Beneath⑨ it was a nte saying，“Stand beside⑩ the windw and lk ut f⑪ it.” Frm⑫ the windw we saw anther huse beynd⑬ a small hill.
2．表示时间的介词
It happened n① a Saturday mrning in② Nvember,2015.My parents left hme at③ 6∶00 am t meet my uncle at the airprt and tld me they wuld cme back in④ tw hurs.Hwever，it wasn’t lng befre⑤ smene kncked at the dr，and I lked thrugh the peep hle and saw a stranger.I quickly lcked the dr frm the inside，and didn’t pen it until⑥ my parents came back.During⑦ the tw hurs，the stranger always tried t tell me smething but I wuldn’t listen t him.On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have been waiting ut f the dr fr⑧ tw hurs since 6∶10 am.” Why had my uncle changed s much ver⑨ the years?
3．表示原因的介词
Jhn was punished fr① cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/ver② it and he trembled with③ anger because f④Jhn’s bad behaviur.
4．其他重要介词
Between① the tw pinins，I am fr② the first ne but against③ the secnd ne.By④wearing schl unifrms，students can be treated equally by④ thers despite⑤ the different ecnmic backgrunds amng⑥ them.Besides⑦，the price is within⑧ students’ reach.Mst students except⑨ a minrity f them say schl unifrms are gd except fr⑩ the fact that they are nt fashinable.
其他常考的介词
3．介词在固定搭配中的考查
介词在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下几种形式：
(1)介词与名词的搭配
(2)介词与形容词的搭配
(3)介词与动词的搭配
随堂练习
1.Favrable plicies are effect t encurage emplyees’ prfessinal develpment.
2.—Gd mrning, Mr. Lee’s ffice.
—Gd mrning. I’d like t make an appintment next Wednesday afternn.
3.Bb thught he culdn’t g t the party because he had t write a reprt, but he went all.
4.China’s sft pwer grws in line the increasing appreciatin and understanding f China glbally.
5.When yu drive thrugh the Redwd Frests in Califrnia, yu will be trees that are ver 1,000 years ld.
6.We ffer an excellent educatin t ur students. return, we expect students t wrk hard.
7.Determining where we are in relatin ur surrundings remains an essential skill fr ur survival.
8.The study suggests that the cultures we grw up influence the basic prcesses by which we see the wrld arund us.
9.Mst peple wrk because it’s unavidable. cntrast,there are sme peple wh actually enjy wrk.
10.These cmments came in respnse specific questins ften asked by lcal newsmen.
11.Have yu ever heard f the trees that are hme animals bth n land and sea?
12.Last year was the warmest year n recrd,with glbal temperature 0.68℃ the average.
13.They believe that there are transprt develpments the crner that will bring a lt f changes fr the better.
14.Human life is regarded as part f nature and,as such,the nly way fr us t survive is t live in harmny nature.
15.This meeting rm is a nn-smking area.I wuld like t warn yu advance that if yu smked here yu wuld be fined.
16.The little pupil tk his grandma the arm and walked her acrss the street.
【答案】
随堂练习
一
My name is Wil Wheatn—and I am a nerd(怪人). It’s awesme t be 1 nerd. When I was a little by, peple really teased me abut that and made me feel like there was 2 wrng with me fr lving strange 3 (thing). Nw that I’m 4 adult, I’m a prfessinal nerd, and 5 wrld has changed. I think we have realized that being a nerd is nt abut what yu lve but abut hw yu lve. S there’s ging t be a thing in yur life that yu lve. I dn’t knw what it’s ging t be. It might be sprts r science r reading r telling 6 (stry)— 7 desn’t matter what it is. Sme f us lve Game f Thrnes, while 8 lve Star Wars. But we all lve thse things s much that we travel 9 (thusand) f miles—which is prbably easy fr yu, but we’re still using fssil fuels, s it’s difficult t be arund peple wh lve the things that we lve the way that we lve them. That’s why being a nerd is awesme.
I want yu t wrk hard because everything wrth ding is hard. I want yu t be awesme, and I will d 10 (I)very best t leave yu a planet that yu can still live n.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】
二
In China, the histry f peple planting and using bamb can date back t as far as 7,000 years. As early as the Shang dynasty, bamb was being used in ancient 1 (peple)daily lives. 2 was used fr fd, clthing, husing, transprtatin, musical 3 (instrument)and even weapns.
The 4 (apply) f bamb in science and technlgy is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan, led the lcal peple in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigatin netwrk in the wrld, in which bamb played 5 imprtant rle. The wrld’s ldest water pipe was als made f bamb. During 6 Han dynasty, the peple in Sichuan successfully sank a 100-metre-deep well with thick bamb rpes. This technlgy did nt spread t Eurpe until the 19th century, and it was by using the technlgy that the Americans drilled 7 first il well in Pennsylvania in 1859.
In Chinese culture, bamb is well-knwn as ne f the “fur 8 (gentleman)” in plants. T many distinguished 9 (man), bamb is a symbl f gdness and hnesty. It is always clsely related t peple f psitive spirits. Bamb culture cntributes t encuraging peple t hld n when facing tugh 10 (situatin).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】1.peple’
三
A Chinese sng titled Yi Jian Mei entered Viral 50 f Sptify, 1 verseas mainstream music platfrm indicating 2 (ppular) n scial media platfrms, n June 15. The sng was sung by Chinese singer Fei Yu-ching 37 years ag. 3 was part f the sundtrack fr a hit TV drama.It has becme a classic pp sng amng 4 middle-aged peple.
The ppularity f the sng began with a hit TikTk vide in January, in which a Chinese man named Zhang Aiqin perfrmed the sng twirling in the snw. His unique 5 (appear) with an egg-like head caught the eye f TikTk users. Many 6 (freign) were als attracted by 7 (he) deep vice. They have psted their cvered sngs n TikTk and Twitter. Different frm the riginal sng, the current versin has been adapted fr different music styles, including hip hp.
Anther ppular activity related t the sng is t ask parents t read ut the written lyrics. Interestingly, mst parents can sing this meldy directly as part f their memry f 8 1980s.
Althugh the sng and lyrics have becme a funny meme n the Internet, sme still think that this is 9 unexpected pprtunity fr freigners t understand Chinese music and culture. Sme freign web users say that they felt inner peace and appreciated the 10 (beautiful) f Mandarin listening t the sng.
【答案】
四
Dgs are desperate fr human eye cntact. It's hard fr mst peple t resist a flash f puppy-dg eyes. Dgs split ff frm 1 (they) wlf relatives. A paper has fund that dgs' faces are structured fr cmplex 2 (expressin) in a way that 3 (wlf) aren't. There are tw muscles that wrk tgether t widen and pen a dg's eyes, causing 4 (they) t appear bigger, and bjectively cuter. But fr wlves 5 f the tw muscles was present. When dgs wrk these muscles, humans respnd mre psitively. This isn't simply 6 accidental lve stry, where the eyes f tw species just s happen t meet acrss a crwded planet. Like all the best partnerships, this ne mre likely results frm years f evlutin and grwth.
Fr a 7 (species) t change quickly, a pretty pwerful frce must be having effects n 8 . And that's where humans cme in. We cnnect clsely with animals capable f exaggerating the size and 9 (wide) f their eyes, making them lk like ur wn human 10 (baby).
【答案】'
五
Traditinal Chinese Wedding
Traditinal Chinese wedding 1 (custm) have been arund fr thusands f 2 (year). They may vary frm place t place and time t time, but have been hlding 3 imprtant psitin in the lives f Chinese peple, causing a far-reaching impact n the way the Chinese lead 4 (they) lives. The traditinal Chinese marriage usually invlves sme necessary prcedures, such as match-making, engagement, meeting the bride, and three 5 (bw). In additin, a typical Chinese wedding nwadays ges like this: when a new cuple is engaged, what fllws is a 6 (chse) f the date f their marriage.
Mst peple wuld favr a bank hliday r a special Chinese festival fr their relatives and friends t attend the wedding. Hwever, quite 7 few thers, especially 8 in the cuntryside, wuld fix a lucky date s that their marriage wuld have “Duble Happiness”. The wedding ceremny is usually hsted warmly and the wedding ceremny very ften ends with 9 unique banquet. Tasts are made t wish the new cuple lng life, everlasting lve and 10 (happy), early birth f a healthy baby and s n.
【答案】
六
Nwadays when faced 1 health r nutritin (营养)questins, peple prbably turn 2 the Internet 3 help. But they may get sme wrng advice nline,which is very dangerus! 4 additin, search engines shw clicking rates lking int 5 (ppular) rather 6 accuracy (准确).S useful advice cannt be easy t find. It is well wrth checking whether the advice is helpful. 7 all, anyne can call themselves 8 diet expert, and even a dctr. But remember, nly fficially recgnized dctrs and dietitians (营养学家)have the right t give medical 9 (suggest). S if yu are unsure, yu'd better visit a dctr. G 10 the right place, and the real answers can be fund.
【答案】1.with 2.t 3.fr 4. In 5.ppularity 6.than 7.After 8.a 9.suggestins 10.t
七
Lcal fd has several meanings. It can be used t refer 1 the fd that is grwn and sld in the same twn. 2 the ther hand,it can als mean the fd directly sld 3 the farmer t the cnsumer, rather than being prcessed. 4 either f the cases,lcal fd is as gd as grwing fd in yur wn garden.
One f the bigger advantages f ging fr lcal fd is that the fd is fresh. As it is grwn at a clse distance and sld immediately, there are n preservatives(防腐剂)added 5 it. And as the fd is fresh, it has a lnger shelf life and will last lnger in yur refrigeratr. Anther health benefit assciated 6 lcal fd is that it's mre nutritius. As the time 7 farm and table is less, the nutrients in the fd dn't get washed ff. S 8 is always beneficial t g fr lcal fd.
Mre imprtantly, yur small cntributin in buying nly lcal fd helps reduce glbal warming. As n transprtatin is required fr transprting fd, there'll be decrease 9 the use f fssil fuel. As few chemicals are used fr these prducts, the envirnment is prtected. Therefre, chsing lcal fd is really 10 gd idea.
【答案】1.t 2.On 3.by 4.In 5.t 6.with 7.between 8.it 9.in 10.a
八
Hw many hurs did yu spend reading last week? This questin has arrived in thusands f American hmes every ther year 1 1992 as part f the University f Michigan's Health and Retirement Study. 2 2016, researchers fund that peple wh identified themselves 3 regular bk readers were 23 per cent less likely t die between 2001 and 2012 than 4 wh read nly newspapers r magazines.
Yu may already be familiar 5 recent findings that suggest children wh read bks with their parents several times a week scre higher 6 intelligence tests than nn-readers. But recent research argues that reading may be just as imprtant in adulthd. When practised ver a lifetime, reading and language-acquisitin skills can supprt healthy brain functins in big ways.
What is it abut reading bks that increases ur brain pwer while reading 7 (newspaper)desn't?
First, reading a bk f any genre frces yur brain t think critically and make cnnectins frm ne chapter 8 anther, and t the utside wrld, which may prvide a greater defense 9 the wrst effects r cgnitive decay. Secnd, reading bks, especially fictin, has been shwn t increase empathy and emtinal intelligence, bth 10 which are prved t help yu live lnger.
【答案】1.since 2.In 3.as 4.thse 5.with 6.in/n 7.newspapers 8.t 9.against 10.f
不定冠词的用法
①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在读音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在读音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。
②表示“同一”。
③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有ne强烈。
④表示“每一”，相当于per。
⑤表示“一类”事物。
定冠词的用法
①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。
②用于序数词之前。
③用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
④用于江河湖海山岛前。
⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。
⑥用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。
⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。
⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
⑩表示上文已经提到过的人或事物。
零冠词常用的几种情况
①表泛指的复数名词或不可数名词前。
②表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。
③表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。
④季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词。
⑤球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。
⑥一日三餐前一般不加冠词。
①为代词的主格形式作主语。
②为代词的宾格形式作宾语。
③为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。
④为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。
⑤为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语。
①ne替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。
②that替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词/不可数名词”。
③the ne替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the＋单数名词”。
④the nes替代上文出现的复数名词，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。
⑤thse 替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。
⑥nes替代上文出现的复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them。
①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与nt连用表示部分否定。
②every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与nt连用构成部分否定。
③bth表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与nt连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。
④each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与f短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。
⑤nne表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接f短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。
⑥neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接f短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。
①anther泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。
②thers表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与sme连用。
③the ther可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。
④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the thers。
①acrss指从较为平坦的表面穿过。
②thrugh指从立体的事物中间穿过。
③t指到某处，去某处。
④under在……下面，无接触面。
⑤in在……里面。
⑥int到……里面。
⑦ver在……正上方无接触面；n在……上面有接触面
⑧arund在/向……周围。
⑨beneath在……下面有接触面
⑩beside在……旁边。
⑪ut f在……外面。
⑫frm从……。
⑬beynd 在/向……较远的一边，超出。
①n指在具体的某一天。
②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上。
③at用在几点钟或night/nn之前。
④in也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。
⑤befre在……之前。
⑥until直到……时候。
⑦during在……期间。
⑧fr表示延续一段时间。
⑨ver表示“在……期间”，表延续。
①fr表示原因，后面可以加名词(词组)或句子。
②at/ver用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面加名词(词组)。
③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。
④because f/wing t/due t/thanks t之后不加陈述句，加名词(短语)/名词性从句。
①between表示两者之间。
②fr表示支持。
③against表示反对。
④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。
⑤despite表示尽管，等于in spite f。
⑥amng表示在三者或三者以上中。
⑦besides表示除此之外还。
⑧within表示在……范围之内。
⑨except表示同类事物除外。
⑩except fr表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。
with
(1)(表示状态)具有，带有
(2)(表示伴随)随着
(3)(表示原因)由于，因为
(4)(表示关系)和……一起
(5)构成with复合结构
against
(1)(表示态度)反对
(2)(表示对比)以……为背景
(3)(表示方位)倚靠着……
f
(1)表示“……的”
(2)“f＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词
fr
“fr＋时间段”表示“长达……”
despite
尽管，虽然
withut
如果没有
beynd
超出，超越