专题01 名词高频用法50题 (思维导图+高考真题+仿真模拟) （原卷版+解析版）

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【名词思维导图】
【名词高考考查动向】
动向一、名词单数变复数规则变化
动向二、动词、形容词、名词转换为名词
动向三、名词所有格用法
动向四： 抽象名词具体化用法
【小题狂练一】高考真题再现：在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025浙江1月卷）Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry as capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric ____________ (event).
2.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate _____________ (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
3.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my _____________ (sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw hw t thank him.”
4.（2022全国甲卷）Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental _____________ (prtect).
5.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the largest tea-prducing cuntry, China has a _____________ (respnsible)t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
6.（2022浙江1月卷）Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak if she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed. When the answer was n, she declined the _____________ (invite).
7.（2022浙江6月卷）Fr Luc, this means _______________ (independent).
8.（2021新高考1卷）The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we _____________ (human) are.
9.（2021新高考II卷）A cmpany _____________ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
10.（2021全国甲卷）Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and_____________ (watchtwer) t take pictures...
11.（2021全国乙卷）_____________ (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking （远足）and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
12.（2021全国乙卷）It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the _____________ (develp) f the lcal areas.
13.（2021浙江6月卷）In 1844 they bught it fr＄ 1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their _____________ (marry) ceremny in 1842.
14.（2021北京卷）Why d we dream? Scientists aren't cmpletely sure, and they have diverse _____________ (idea). Dreams might be a side effect f memry making.
15. (2020全国II卷) Chinese New Year is a_____________ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
16. (2020全国III卷) Filled with_____________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.
17.（2020新高考卷）At the Jrvik Centre in Yrk, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and peple experience the sights, sunds and smells f the ld twn. Histrical _____________ (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.
18.（2020浙江6月卷）Later, they learned t wrk with the _____________ (seasn), planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
19.（2020天津卷）The health security systems f many cuntries are underging cnsiderable _____________ (transfrm).
20.（2020北京卷）Nw, lts f _____________ (cuntry) and regins are taking actin t ban the sale f such bags t stp peple using them.
【小题狂练二】期终试题精选：在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
21. (湖北省十堰市2025高三期末调研)…sme cuntries reallcate the funds frm ther pts f climate finance, r put mney tward _____________ (insure), r early warning systems.
22.（山西省太原市2025高三期末）It is reprted that a new subway statin in Mscw with a number f Chinese design elements has already becme anther landmark fr Sin-Russian friendship and _____________ (cperate).
23.（广东省清远市2025高三期末）Hwever, all hpe is nt lst as certain cultures have fund their ways t prtect their histry thrugh ral traditins, written _____________ (accunt) and cultural practices handed dwn thrugh generatins.
24.（河北省“名校联盟2025高三期末）Different frm ppular destinatins, sme underexplred places with little nline _____________ (expse) can ffer mre surprises.
25.（广东省汕头市2025高三期末）Xu said she wuld cnvert wrds in any language int Chinese _____________ (character) based n their prnunciatin and then memrize them.
26.（广东省汕头市2025高三期末）Her reputatin draws a large crwd f turists every day, especially freign visitrs, wh cme t meet the multilingual guide ut f ______________(admire).
27.（河南省湘豫联考2025高三期末）Huang Jianyi named his sculpture The Sul f Cnstructin Wrkers in hnr f his father and all Chinese cnstructin wrkers wh have cntributed t the _____________ (cuntry) urban develpment.
28.（河南省湘豫联考2025高三期末）“As cnstructin wrkers, my parents frequently traveled fr wrk, smetimes as far as Hainan prvince, and they used t return hme nce every few _____________ (mnth),” he said.
29.（河北省衡水中学2025高三四调）The Chinese archaelgist Fan Jinshi is knwn as the "Daughter f Dunhuang" in her field, thugh "prtectr" is prbably a mre fitting_____________ (describe).
30.（山东省济南市2025高三期末）One f the great _____________ (difficulty)in explring the far side f the Mn is that it blcks all radi signals，making it impssible t cmmunicate with the Earth.
【小题狂练三】单句改错：下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
31. (2022·全国乙卷) Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
32. (2021·全国甲卷) Many students say they will talk t their friend r classmates because they’re f the same age and can understand each ther.
33. (2021·全国乙卷) I always assist my parents in ding the dish after meals.
34. (2020·全国I卷) Next I brke the eggs int a bwl and beat them quickly with chpstick.
35. (2020·全国II卷) Luckily, I will g hme in tw weeks fr summer vacatins.
36. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) Since I was a kid, I’ve cnsidered different jb I wuld like t d.
37. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷) I wish t have a chain f cafes in many different city.
38. (2018·全国Ⅰ卷) Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate huse t raise dzens f chicken.
39. (2018·全国Ⅱ卷) After supper, we wuld play card games f all srt in the sitting rm.
40. (2018全国II卷)When I was little, Friday’s night was ur family game night.
41. (2018全国卷III卷) The instructr kept repeating the wrd, “Speed up!” “Slw dwn!” “Turn left!”
4. I did a gd jb in the end. It was deep breathing that helped me ut f anxius.
43. Besides, they ften get sme useful infrmatins frm the Internet.
44. My uncle tells me that the key t his success is hnest.
45. The teenage year frm 13 t 19 were the mst difficult time fr me.
46. I'll never frget the last winter hliday in my hmetwn. On the way t my grandpa, my father drve very carefully and slwly all the way, fr it was snwing heavily.
47. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
48. Tea is the natinal drink in China, but the prduce and cnsumptin f tea is distinctive in different regins.
49. If we g n a trip abrad, we can braden ur view and gain knwledges we cannt get frm bks.
50. Every pssible means have been used t prevent the air pllutin, but nne wrked.
【小题狂练四】名词单数变复数：在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Tw 51 (editr-in-chief), three 52 (man teacher) and five 53 (wman dctr), tgether with their 54 (child), went t the market. They decided t buy tw 55 (sheep), three 56 (deer), fur 57 (x), five 58 (gse) and six white 59 (muse) with six 60 (tth).
【小题狂练五】名词单数变复数：在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Tw 61 (mnth) ag, three 62 (her) caught fur 63 (thief).They made them plant sme 64 (ptat) and 65 (bamb) in tw 66 (z).They als made their 67 (wife) return the fur big 68 (bx) with sme precius 69 (pht) and 70 (brush) in them.
【小题狂练六】语法填空：在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
01北京的胡同（2025年浙江1月真题）
During China’s dynastic perid, emperrs planned the city f Beijing ____56____ arranged the residential areas accrding t scial classes. The term “hutng”, ____57____ (riginal)meaning “water well” in Mnglian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, ____58____ (surrund)in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens f higher scial classes ____59____ (permit)t live clser t the center f the circles. The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子). The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by ____61____ (space)hmes and walled gardens. Farther frm the center lived the cmmners and labrers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____62____ (simple)in design and decratin, and the hutngs were narrwer.
Hutngs represent an imprtant cultural element f the city f Beijing. Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry ____63____ capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric ____64____ (event). In cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple f Heaven, the hutngs reflect _____65_____ culture f grassrts Beijingers.
02旅游名镇—同里镇
The Jiangsu cuntryside is hme t a lt f small beautiful water twns, many f which ___56___(lcate) alng the Grand Canal.
One f these twns is Tngli, which is easily___57___(access) t turists frm the nearby city f Suzhu.___58___(build) in the Sng Dynasty,the twn ffers pleasant views and landscapes f traditinal China,characterized by picturesque canals crssed by arch bridges and whitewashed huses that verlk the water.
Walking alng the narrw alleys(巷), yu can admire___59___ interesting number f well-preserved traditinal huses, temples and gardens. The atmsphere is ___60___ (exceptinal) peaceful cmpared t mst ppular sites that are ruined by mass turism and cmmercializatin.Yes, Tngli is hme t a great many suvenir shps and lcal prducts, but what amazed me was ___61___ well the twn is preserved despite being pen t turism: a gd balance___62___ cmmercial activities and lcal life.S in spite f its ___63___ (ppular), Tngli maintains a quiet feeling. making it an ideal destinatin fr visitrs wh seek peace and leisure.
I___64___ (take) scres f pictures while I was turing Tngli, which I hpe may inspire travelers t add this pretty water twn t their trips. My impressin f Tngli is s psitive that I’ve been meaning ____65____ (g) back with my family fr their first visit t China.
03如何加深友谊？
A high schl histry teacher nce tld us, “If yu make ne clse friend in schl, yu will be mst lucky. 1 true friend is smene wh stays with yu fr life.” Experience shws that he was right. Gd 2 (friend) are just nt easily frmed.
T mst f us，friendships are thught very imprtant，but we need t have the kinds f friendships we want.
Are they t be clse r kept at arm's 3 (lng)? D we want t share urselves r d we want t walk n the surface? Fr sme peple, many friendships n the surface are quite enugh and that's all right. But at sme pint we need t make sure that ur expectatins are the same as ur 4 (friend) expectatins. The sharing f 5 (persn) experience is the surest way 6 (deepen) friendships. But it must be undertaken slwly and carried n nly if there are signs f interest and actin in return.
What are sme f the difficulties t friendship？ The greatest is the attractin t expect t much t sn. Deep relatinships take time. 7 main difficulty is the 8 (selfish) t think ne “wns” the ther, including his time and attentin. Similarly，friendships need actins in return. In ther wrds，yu must give as much as yu take. Finally there is a questin f taking care f each ther. 9 yu spend reasnable time tgether, talking n the phne, writing 10 (letter) r ding things tgether, friendships will die away.
04浏阳烟花海外订单激增
At the factry f Liuyang Dingteng Firewrks C Ltd, a Liuyang, Hunan prvince-based pyrtechnic maker, wrkers are busy 1.___________(mve) bxes int trucks. Sme lw-explsive devices, used fr 2.____________(entertain) and ceremnial purpses, are t be shipped and 3._________(light) at events frm K-pp music cncerts in Seul and mvie festivals in Cannes, France and Venice, Italy 4._________ Natinal Day celebratins and university graduatin ceremnies in many internatinal lcatins later this year.
Even thugh the COVID-19 pandemic and ge-ecnmic headwinds have created peratinal difficulties and slwed business grwth fr many industries acrss the wrld in 2022, firewrks prducers in China saw 5._________(sar) verseas rders as demand rebunded in bth develped 6._________ develping markets.
As “the wrld’s firewrks capital”, Liuyang — 7.__________ manufactures mre than 60 percent f the firewrks fr glbal markets — saw its exprts surge 84.9 percent n a 8.___________(year) basis t 6 billin yuan ($885 millin) in 2022, statistics frm the city gvernment shwed.
“After 9.__________(exprt) 400,000 bxes f firewrks in 2022, we are still hlding mre than 200,000 bxes f verseas 10._________(rder) in hand, thanks t the rebund f the Eurpean market,” said Peng Xuejun, president f the exprt unit at Liuyang Yihelng Firewrks Grup C Ltd.