初中英语人教新目标九年级全册Unit 1—Unit 6语法知识讲解练习

这是一份初中英语人教新目标九年级全册Unit 1—Unit 6语法知识讲解练习，共9页。
九年级英语全册语法知识讲解练习Unit 1 How can we become good learners?【语法重点】1、“by+V-ing”结构详解（1）"by+V-ing”结构在句子中作方式状语，常用来表示“以、靠、借助、通过、用（某种方法或手段)”而达到某种预期的目的。该结构常用来回答How do you.?之类的问题。eg：— How do you learn English?— I learn it by making word cards.（2）当by和表示交通工具的名词连用时，它与名词之间不用任何限定词，且名词用单数形式。eg: They often go to school by subway.他们经常坐地铁上学。（3）by+地点名词”表示位置，意为“靠近…；在…旁边”。eg：by the river 在河边（4）by+时间”表示“在…之前；不迟于。eg：by 3'clock 在 3 点之前（5）表示移动方向，意为“经过…”。eg：pass by 经过（6）by用在被动语态中，表示“被；由”，后接动作的执行者，用来引出原主动语态的主语。eg：This book was written by Lu Xun.（7）构成固定短语。eg：by the way 顺便问一下；one by one 逐个的；by accident 偶然；by oneself 独自；单独；word by word 逐字地by mistake 错误的by chance 偶然的拓展：by,in 和 with都可以表示"通过；借助”。by后接表示动作、行为的名词；in表示"用某种语言；用某种材料“； wth后接表示物体或工具的名词。如：You may send the book by post.你可以通过邮局把书寄出去。Can you say it in English？You can write it with a red pen.2、提建议的句式。1、What/how about +doing sth.?eg：What/How about going shopping?2、Why don't you +do sth.?eg：Why don't you go shopping?3、Why not+do sth.?eg：Why not go shopping?4、Let's+do sth.eg：Let's go shopping5、Shall we/I+do sth.?eg：Shall we go shoping?【练习】1、— How do you go to work?— I go to work _____ bus.2、Please write it _______ Chinese.3、 It's a good habit to pick up food ________ serving chopsticks.（公筷）4、I learn English by _________ (listen) to tapes.【答案】1、by 2、in 3、 with 4、 listeningUnit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!一、宾语从句点击下面链接可查看→ 宾语从句语法精讲与练习（含答案）二、反义疑问句①前肯 +后否 。eg：Lily is a student， isn't she?Lily will go to China, won't she?②前否 +后肯 。eg：She doesn't come from China, does she?You haven't finished homework, have you?③提问部分用代词而不用名词eg：Lily is a student, isn't she?④陈述句中含有否定意义的词eg：little, few, never, nothing, hard等，其反意疑问句用肯定式.He knows little English, does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？⑤否定前缀不算否定eg：Tom is unhappy today, isn't he?三、表达“花费”1.spend 动词，表示花费金钱、时间①spend...on sth.在某事上花费（金钱、时间）②spend....(in) doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事eg：He spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣服上。（花金钱）He spend 2 hours finishing homework.他花费了两个小时完成作业。（花时间）2.pay的基本用法是：②pay for sth. 付...的钱。③pay for sb. 替某人付钱。④pay sb. 付钱给某人。@pay(sb.)money for sth.花费钱（给某人）买eg：@I pay10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。②I have to pay for the book lost..我不得不赔丢失的书款.③Don't worry! I'll pay for you,别担心，我会给你付钱的.3.take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：①It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。②doing sth.takes sb. +时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。如：①It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路，②Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车.4.cost 的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示”值”，常见用法如下：①sth. costs (sb.)+金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。②(doing) sth.costs(sb).时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。如：①A new computer costs a lot of money.一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。②Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。【练习】Tom spent 200 yuan _________ this book.A.in B.on C.for D.with2. It _______ me two days to finish the work.A.took B.cost C.spent D.paid3. 34.I __________ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.A.spend B.cost C.take D.pay4. 24.1 _________ $300 for the bike.A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid【答案】B A A DUnit 3 Could you please tell mewhere the restrooms are?第三单元的语法重点是连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。1.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等引导，不能省路。例eg：Do you know who he is?2.由连接副词how,where,when,why引导，也不可省略。eg：I don't know where I can buy this kind of camera.3.宾语从句用陈述句语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他。4.主句与从句的时态关系：(1)如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以是根据情况所需要的任何时态。eg：I don't know when she came here.Can you tell me when he will come here?(2)如果主句是过去的时态，从句也应用过去时态的某一种，但若从句是表示客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，应用一般现在时。eg：He told us why he would stay at home the next day.The teacher explained how the earth goes around the sun.5.某些由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句可改为含“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构的简单句。例如：Can you tell me where I can buy this book?-Can you tell me where to buy this book?【练习】1. -Could you please tell me _____ ?-The people and the food.A.how does Tom like ChinaB.if Tom likes ChinaC.what does Tom like about ChinaD.what Tom likes about China2. -Could you tell me _________ ?一Sure.A story book.A.when did your friend give it to youB.what did your friend give youC.How your froend got to the supermarketD.what your friend gave you【答案】D DUnit 4 I used to be afraid the dark.【语法重点】used to的用法used to是固定结构，意为“过去常常，过去曾经（存在)”，表示过去某种习惯性、经常性的动作或过去存在的某种状态，暗含现在已不再发生或不存在之意。主语可以是各种人称，用于过去时态，其后跟动词原形。He used to be shy. 他过去很害羞。She used to get up late. 她过去起床很晚。句型转换He used to play basketball after school.否定句→He didn't use to play basketball after school.一般疑问句→Did he use to play basketball after school?反意疑问句→He used to play basketball after school, didn't he?拓展:①在正式英语中，否定形式常用used not to,一般疑问句常把used提到主语前，反意疑问句的附加疑问部分常用used/usedn't。否定句→He used not to play basketball after school.一般疑问句→Used he to play basketball after school?反意疑问句→He used to play basketball after school, usedn't he?②There used to be.(过去有…)”是There be句型与used to的结合句型。There used to be a bookstore across from our school.辨析：used to do sth. 过去常常做某事be used todoing sth. 习惯做某事be used to do sth. 被用于做某事be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事eg:①He used to get up late, but now he is used to getting up early.他过去起得晚，但是现在他习惯了早起。②Wood is used to make houses.木材被用来建房子。Wood is used for making houses.【语法练习】一、单项选择题1、(湖南益阳中考)Diana used to ________ to work,but now she is used to ________ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.A.drive; walkB.drive; walkingC.driving; walk2、He used to ________ to school late, but now he doesn't.A.go B.goingC.went D.goes3、He _________ like math, but now he likes it very much.A.didn't used toB.didn't use toC.not used toD.doesn't use to4、Lucy used to go to bed late, ________ she?A.didn't B.doesn'tC.hadn't D.isn't5、Her son __________ cola,but now he __________ milk. A.used to drink; is used to drinkingB.used to drinking; drinksC.is used to drinking; used to drinkD.is used to drink; is drinking二、根据所给提示完成句子。 1、He ___________ be really quiet.他过去特别安静。2、Linda used to play volleyball in the gym, ________________?（反义疑问句）【答案】一、BABAA二、used to didn't sheUnit 5 What are the shirts made of?一、语态定义英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。Eg: Many people speak Chinese.许多人说汉语。（主动语态）Chinese is spoken by many people. 汉语被许多人说。（被动语态）二、被动语态的结构被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成，人称、数、和时态的变化，都是通过be动词的变化来体现。肯定句 主语+am/is are+过去分词否定句主语+am/is /are+not+过去分词(+by...)一般疑问句 Am/Is/ Are+主语+ 过去分词(+by...)eg:English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人说。They aren’t allowed to go out at night. 他们不被允许进入那所房子。Is the car made by a Japanese company? 这个汽车是被日本公司制造的吗？主动语态与被动语态转换：Many students played basketball.→Basketball was played by many students.三、被动语态用法1.当动作的执行者不清楚或者没必要说明时：The flowers are watered every morning. 这些花朵每天早上被浇水。2.需要突出动作的承受者时：The new teacher is liked by all the students. 这位新老师被所有学生喜欢。3.表示“据说，据报道，人们相信”等，常用“It is +过去分词+ that从句”句型。It is believed that both of the chairs were repaired by him. 人们相信，这两把椅子都是他修理的。4.文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。Teachers Wanted. (省略了are) 招聘老师。【练习巩固】一、单项选择题1. The boy with short hair _________ Little Tiger by his parents.A. calls B. called C. is calling D. is called2. Computers _________ widely in our daily life.A. use B. used C. were used D. are used3.（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.A．provides B．provided C．is provided D．was provided4. Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world today.A. learns B. learned C. was learned D. is learned5.(2022·辽宁章新)Chinese _________ by more and more people around the world today.A.learns B.learnedC.was learned D.is learned6.(2022·湖北黄冈)-Many DIY cards _____________ to mothers on Mother's Day every year.-How creative!A.is sending B.are sendingC.is sent D.are sent7.(吉林中考)一Let's eat some snacks.-Better not. Eating ____________ in the library.A.are not allowed B.doesn't allowC.is not allowed8.-Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday?-Well,if I ___________ I will go on time.A.invite B.will inviteC.am invited D.will be invited二、把下列句子改为被动语态9.(2022·江苏南通)They sell a lot of things in Oxfam shops to help people in need.A lot of things _______________ in Oxfam shops to help people in need.10.Teachers don't allow the students to leavethe classroom until the bell rings.The students ________________ to leave the classroom by teachers until the bell rings.【答案】一、DDCD DDCC二、are sold aren't allowedUnit 6 When was it invented?【语法讲解】1.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + V.过去分词 eg: The desk was made by myfather.这张书桌是我父亲做的。They were invented by Julie Thompson.它们是朱莉·汤普森发明的。2.句式变化：(1)肯定句：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他Many fans were attracted by the one-armed basketball player..许多球迷被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引了。(2)否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+及物动词的过去分词+其他Many fans weren't attracted by theone-armed basketball player.许多球迷没被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引。(3)一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？回答：Yes,主语+was/were.No,主语+wasn't/weren't.-Were many fans attracted by theone-armed basketball player?许多球迷被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引了吗？-No,they weren't.不，他们没有（被吸引）。4.特殊情况(1)有些短语动词相当于及物动词，变为被动句时介词或副词不能去掉。eg. They put off the meeting because of the weather.→ The meeting was put off because of the weather. 会议因天气的缘故被推迟了。 (2)含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接语前加to或for。 e.g. My aunt gave me an e-dictionary yesterday. I was given an e-dictionary yesterday. An e-dictionary was given to me yesterday. (3)主动句中感官动词see / hear / watch / feel等和使役动词make / let / have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。 eg： We saw a stranger enter the hall.——Astranger was seen to enter the hall by us.我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。(4)系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词（happen, take place, come true, fall asleep…）没有被动语态。 e.g. What happened to Mr. Brown? 布朗先生发生了什么事？【练一练】一、将下列句子变为被动语态。 1.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江，鸡西)He repaired the old bike last week.(改为被动语态)The old bike ___________ by him last week2.Did you give back your book to the library last Friday?(改为被动语态)your book ____________ back to the library last Friday?3. The family built a new house last year. A new house_______________(by the family) last year.4. My mother bought many vegetables yesterday.Many vegetables_______________(by my mother) yesterday.5.He chose six story books the other day. Six story books _____ _______ by him the other day. 6.Uncle Lee gave Jack a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. Jack _____ _____ a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully.6.A mouse ate half of the cake last night. Half of the cake _____ _____ by a mouse last night.7. My mom makes me do the dishes every day.(为被动语态)I am ______________ do the dishes every day.二、单项选择题1、(2022·江西中考）Mr.Smith cereated a new game.Soon all his students _____________ to play it.A.teach B.taught C.are taught D.were taught2.(2022·海南)Few students could understand the sentence until it ___________ by Miss Chen.A.explained B.was explained C.was explaining三、用所给词的正确形式填空(2022·内蒙古包头中考改编)The house was ___________ in the 19th century and is in a typical style of that time.(build)2.Some of the world's greatest books ______________ long ago.(write)【答案】一、1、was repaired2、was given3、was built4、were bought5、were chosen6、was eaten7、made to二、DB三、1、built 2、were written