人教版九年级全册英语Units1-14各单元复习资料+单词知识点讲解 学案

这是一份人教版九年级全册英语Units1-14各单元复习资料+单词知识点讲解 学案，共127页。

人教版九年级全册英语Units1-14各单元复习资料+单词知识点讲解Unit1 Words and Expressionstextbook n. 教科书、课本（复数：textbooks）Don’t forget to take your textbooks to school. 不要忘了把你的课本带到学校去。textbook由text“文本、课本”+book 构成; 其他类似复合词：storybook 故事书 notebook笔记本 guidebook 旅游指南conversation n. 谈话、交谈 泛指谈话：不可数Shy people find conversation difficult. 害羞的人觉得谈话很难。指某次具体的谈话：可数，复数为conversationshave a conversation/ conversations with sb. 和某人交谈、交流= talk to sb.= talk with sb = have a talk with sbmake conversations 编对话Mr. Li wants to have a conversation with you. Please go to his office. 李先生想和你交谈一下。Can you use these new words to make conversations?你能用这些新单词来编对话吗？aloud adv. 大声地、出声地大声地Don’t shout at him aloud. He is just a kid. 不要对他大声吼叫。他还只是个孩子。I hear the baby cry aloud every morning. 每天早上我都听到那个小宝宝大声地哭。出声地（表示声音可以被听到） read aloud 朗读You can read aloud to practice your pronunciation. 你可以通过朗读来练习你的发音。Please don’t read aloud in the library. 在图书馆里请不要读出声来。辨析：loud-louder-loudest adj. 大声的、响亮的The music is too loud. Please turn it down. 音乐太大声了。请调低音量。Loud music makes me stressed out. 大声的音乐让我紧张。I don’t like loud music. 我不喜欢吵闹的音乐。adv. 大声地、响亮地（常与speak, talk, laugh等词连用，多以比较级形式出现）I can’t hear you clearly. Can you speak louder? 我不能听清你说话。你可以说更大声点吗？loudly adv. 大声地、响亮地、喧闹地（有喧闹、嘈杂之意）Just now, someone knocked at the door loudly. 刚才有人大声地敲了门。The telephone is ringing loudly. 电话正在大声响。pronunciation n. 发音、读音（1）泛泛而谈读音、发音时为不可数名词。I like your good pronunciation. 我喜欢你良好的发音。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你应该更加注意你的发音。（2）具体的一次次的读音，可数，（复数：pronunciations）This word has different pronunciations. 这个单词有不同的读音。pronounce vt.& vi. 发音I don’t know how to pronounce the word. 我不知道怎么读这个单词。He pronounces very well. 他发音发得非常好。sentence n. 句子（复数：sentences） make sentences/ a sentence 造句Try to make sentences with these new words. 尽量用这些新单词来造句。Please read the sentences aloud. 请大声朗读这些句子。6、patient patiently adv. 耐心地 patience n. 耐心（U.C.N）adj. 有耐心的（反义：impatient没有耐心的） be patient with sb./ sth 对某人/某事有耐心 be patient to do sth 有耐心做某事Our teachers are patient with us. 我们的老师对我们很有耐心。He has been patient to wait for his friend for 2 hours. 他已经耐心地等他朋友等了两个小时了。He hates waiting in line. I think he is not very patient. 他讨厌排队。我认为他不是很有耐心。He always listens to me patiently. 他总是耐心地听我讲话。n. 病人 a patient一个病人 some patients 一些病人The doctor is patient with his patients. He treats them patiently and they all like his patience.这个医生对他的病人很有耐心。他对待每个人都很耐心，并且病人们都喜欢他的耐心。expression n. 神色、表情，表示、表达方式（复数：expressions）a facial expression 面部表情 a surprised expression 惊讶的表情 a common expression 常见表达She has a sad expression on her face. 她脸上显露出悲伤的神色。Have you ever heard of an expression“a white lie”? 你有没有听说过a white lie（善意的谎言）这个表达？8、secret n.&adj 秘密/秘密的（复数：secrets）the secret to sth ...的秘诀 the secret to success 成功的秘诀keep a secret 保守秘密 in secret 秘密地、暗中地 a secret meeting 一次秘密会议The secret to success is to work hard. 成功的秘诀就是努力学习。I can’t tell you about it. It’s a secret. 我不能告诉你。这是个秘密。I won’t tell you unless you promise me to keep a secret. 除非你向我承诺会保守秘密，不然我不会告诉你。9、grammar （1）语法：不可数 （2）指语法书时，可数We have to study English grammar. 我们必须学习英语语法。You should also remember to check your spelling and grammar.你还要记得检查你的拼写和语法。Grammar is easy for me to learn. 英语对于我来说学起来很简单。Our teacher asked us to buy an English grammar. 我们老师叫我们买一本英语语法书。grammar rules 语法规则 10、repeat repeat the sentence 跟读句子 repeat the year of school 复读一年vt. 重复、重做Can you repeat your telephone number?你可以重复下你的电话号码吗？I hate to repeat the same work over and over again. 我讨厌一遍又一遍地重复做同一个工作。vi. 重复 Do actions and repeat. 做动词并且重复做。11、noten. 笔记、记录、注释 take/ make notes 做笔记、做记录Students should take notes carefully in class. 学生们在课堂上应该仔细地做笔记。Here are some notes. 这里有一些注释。vt. 指出；注意Mary noted that Tom didn’t tell the truth. 玛丽指出汤姆并没有说出真相。Please note that the museum is closed on weekends. 请注意那个博物馆周末闭馆。physics n. 物理、物理学（学科类名词都是不可数名词）其他学科：Chinese 语文 English 英语 math 数学 art 美术 P.E.体育 music 音乐science 科学 history 历史 chemistry 化学 geography 地理 biology 生物 politics 政治He has taught us physics since he came to our school.他自从来到我们学校就教我们英语。The man is our chemistry teacher. 那个男士是我们的化学老师。相关词：physical adj. 物理学的、身体的 chemical adj. 化学的physicist n. 物理学家 chemist n. 化学家partner n. 伙伴、搭档（复数：partners）a dancing partner 一个舞伴 a life partner 一个人生伴侣 You can practice English with your partner. 你可以和你的小伙伴一些练习英语。I have a life partner now. 现在我有一个人生伴侣了。increase v&n（反义词：decrease 减少）vt. 增加、增长 Eating too much junk food increases the risk of illness. 吃太多垃圾食品会增加患病风险。vi. 增加、增长增加到：increase to+数字 增长了：increase by+数字The population of our country has already increased to 1.4 billion. 我们国家的人口已经增长到了14亿。The population of our town has increased by 5 percent. 我们小镇的人口已经增长了百分之五。15、speed n.速度（不可数名词，但有时会具体化）at high/ low/ full speed 以高/低/全速 at a speed of ... 以...的速度 Safety is more important than speed. 安全比速度更重要。Please drive at a speed of 60 kilometers an hour. 请以每小时60千米的速度行驶。He drove off at full speed. 他飞快的开走了。ability n. 能力（复数：abilities） the ability to do sth 做某事的能力 have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事Tom has the ability to sing well. 汤姆有能力唱歌唱得很好。She has the ability to solve the problem on her own. 她有能力自己解决问题。born vt. 出生 be born 出生 be born with sth 天生具有...They were born on the same day. 他们出生在同一天。I was born in China. 我出生在中国。I was born in Neijiang on April 4th，2001. 我2001年四月四号在内江出生。Tom is born with the ability to sing. 汤姆天生具有唱歌的能力。adj. 天生的（常位于名词前作定语） He is a born actor. 他是一个天生的演员。brain n. 大脑（复数：brains） Every one has only one brain. 每个人都只有一个大脑。 He has a good brain. 他很有头脑。谚语：Two brains/ heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。create vt. 创造、创建Wu Cheng’en created many famous characters in Journey to the West. 吴承恩在西游记中创作了许多著名的角色。Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。Cai Lun invented paper 2000 years ago. 蔡伦两千年前发明了纸。The telephone was invented in 1876. 电话是1876年被发明的。creator n.创造者 creation n. 作品、创造 creative adj. 有创造力的例如：Xia Da is a famous painter. She is a great creator. She is really creative. She has created many cartoon characters and her creations are very popular. 夏达是一个有名的画家。她是一个优秀的创造者。她创造了许多卡通人物，她的作品十分受欢迎。active adj. 活跃的、积极的 He is an active boy. 他是个积极的男孩。His brain is more active than mine.他的头脑比我的更活跃。Mr.Black always encourages us to be active in class. 布莱克老师总是鼓励我们在课上要积极。积极参加某种活动：take an active part in+活动 I advise you to take an active part in social activities. 我建议你积极参加社会活动。相关词：actively adv. 积极地、活跃地 activity n. 活动We should do things actively. 我们应该积极地做事情。There are different kinds of activities in our school. 我们学校里有各种各样的活动。attention n. 注意、关注（不可数名词）draw/catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 pay attention 注意pay attention to+n/pron/ving （注意、关注）Don’t draw others’ attention in class. You should listen to the teacher carefully.不要在课堂上引起别人的注意。你应该仔细听讲。Kids should pay attention to their eating habits. 孩子们应该注意他们的饮食习惯。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你应该多注意你的读音。You should pay attention to keeping our classroom clean. 你应该注意保持教室干净。口语：Attention, please! 请注意！ May I have your attention, please? 请注意。Thank you for your attention. = Thanks for your attention. 谢谢。（发言或演讲结束时用）connect vt. (使)连接、与...有联系 connection n. 连接、联系connect...with...把...和...连接/联系起来 connect...to... 把...连接到...Good students often connect what they are learning with something interesting. 好学生经常把他们正在学习的内容和一些有趣的事联系起来。Please connect the computer to the Internet. 请把电脑连接上互联网。There is a connection between the pollution and the death of trees. 树木的死亡和污染有关。overnight adv. 一夜之间、在夜间You can’t be a billionaire overnight. 你不可能一夜之间变成一个亿万富翁。I camped overnight in the mountains. 我在山上露营过夜。The rules are not going to change overnight. 这些规则是不会突然改变的。You can’t remember all the words overnight. 你是不能一夜之间记住所有单词的。 review v. 回顾、复习/ n. 回顾、复习、评论 preview v&n. 预习a review of 对......的回顾First, let’s review what we have learned before. 首先让我们来复习下之前已经学过的知识。I spent a long time reviewing the lessons last night.（v.复习）昨晚我花了很长时间复习功课。The teacher asked us to write a review of the year. (n.回顾)老师叫我们写下对一年的回顾。You should read some reviews about the book before writing. (n.评论)在写作之前我们应该读一些这本书的书评。拓展：前缀re-表示“又、再、重新”，其他常见词如：reuse 再次使用；rewrite 重写 前缀pre表示“前、先、预支”，常见词：prepare 准备， predict 预测，prepay 预付knowledge n. 知识、学问（不可数名词） knowledgeable adj. 博学的、有见识的knowledge of / about ......的知识He has a rich knowledge of chemistry. 他懂很多化学的知识。（不可数名词具体化）He is full of knowledge.= He is knowledgeable.他很博学。Knowledge comes from questioning. 知识源于质疑。Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。We should learn more knowledge. 我们应该学习更多的知识。wisely adv. 明智地、聪明地（反义：unwisely不明智地） wise adj.明智的 unwise adj.不明智的、愚蠢的、轻率的wisdom n. 智慧、明智（不可数名词）You are wise. 你是明智的。 It is a wise decision. 这是个明智的决定。It was unwise of you to make that decision. 你做出那个决定是不明智的。You should think twice and choose wisely. 你应该再三思考并明智地做出选择。We should solve problems wisely. 我们应该明智地解决问题。memorize vt. 记忆、记住 memory n. 记忆、回忆、记忆力、内存It’s difficult for me to memorize the grammar rules.对我来说，记住语法规则很难。Our teacher asks us to memorize many words and passages.老师要求我们记住许多单词和文章。Old things can bring back many good memories. 旧物能唤起许多美好的回忆。We can learn English by memorizing sentence patterns. 我们可以通过背句型来学习英语。She has a good memory. 她记忆力很好。The computer is out of memory. 这台电脑内存不足了。Unit2 Words and Expressionsmooncake n. 月饼（复数：mooncakes）Chinese people usually eat mooncakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival.中国人在中秋节通常吃月饼。lantern n. 灯笼 （复数：lanterns） make a lantern 制作一个灯笼the Lantern Festival 元宵节stranger n. 陌生人；外地人、新来者 adj. strange 陌生的、奇怪的、不寻常的Don’t talk to strangers. 不要和陌生人说话。 sth be strange to sb 某物对于某人来说很陌生Sorry, I don’t know how to go to the hospital because I’m a stranger here. 抱歉，我不知道怎么去医院，因为我不是本地人。This city is really strange to me. 这个城市对我来说很陌生。relative n. 亲戚、亲属（复数：relatives） adj. 相对的relatives and friends 亲朋好友a close relative 一个近亲 a distant relative 一个远亲You can invite your relatives and friends to your birthday party. 你可以邀请你的亲朋好友去你的生日派对。Yesterday, all my close relatives came to my birthday party.昨天所有的近亲都来了我生日派对。A distant relative is not as good as a near neighbor. 远亲不如近邻。 Truth is relative. 真理是相对的。put on 增重、发胖 put on 5 pounds 增重了5磅表示“增重”：put on weight 增肥、增重（反义： lose weight 减肥、体重下降） 上演：Tomorrow our cinema will put on a new film. 明天我们电影院将会上映一部新片。（3）穿上、戴上：It’s a little cold. You should put on your coat. 有点冷，你应该穿上你的外套。pound 磅（重量单位），用how heavy 或how many pounds对其进行提问。-- How many pounds is he?或How heavy is he? 他多少磅？他多重？ -- Twenty pounds. 20磅。英镑（英国货币单位）-- How much is the book? 这本书多少钱？ -- 2 pounds. 两英镑。folk adj. 民间的、民俗的 n. 民歌、民间音乐（不可数）folk culture 民俗文化 folk traditions 民间传统 folk stories 民间故事goddess n. 女神 （复数：goddesses）steal-stole-stolen vt. 偷窃 steal sth from 从...偷走某物 接双宾：steal sb sth = steal sth for sb 为某人偷某物The poor woman stole her children some food.=The poor woman stole some food for her children.Tom stole some money from his mom yesterday. 汤姆昨天从他妈妈那里偷走了一些钱。I can’t find my money. I think someone has stolen it. 我找不到我的钱了。我认为有人偷走了它。Just follow your heart and don’t let anyone steal your dream. 跟随自己的内心，不要让任何人偷走你的梦想。He is stealing the man’s wallet. 他正在偷那个男人的钱包。lay-laid-laid-laying vt. 放置、安放 lay out 摆开、布置Please lay your books on the desk. 请把书放在书桌上。Tom laid some eggs in the box just now. 汤姆刚才放了一些鸡蛋在盒子里。After dinner, my grandma laid out some fruit on the table and asked us to help ourselves. 晚饭后，祖母在桌上放了一些水果，让我们自己吃。Why not lay out the clothes and try them on one by one. 为什么不把衣服摆在床上，然后一件件试穿呢。vt. 产卵、下蛋 This hen lays an egg every day. 这只鸡每天下一个蛋。dessert n. 甜点、甜食（作为甜食总称时不可数，表示甜点种类或份数时可数）Mom, I want a piece of cake for dessert after the meal.妈妈，晚餐之后我想要一块蛋糕作为甜点。What’s for dessert? 餐后甜点吃什么？I really want some dessert. 我真的很想来点甜点。Come here. Here are all kinds of desserts for you.快来这里，这里有为你准备的各种各样的甜点。garden n. 花园、园子（复数：gardens） in the garden 在花园里Let’s plant some trees and flowers in the garden. 让我们在花园里种些花草树木吧。admire v. 欣赏、仰慕 admire sb/sth 欣赏某人/某物 admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩某人 admire sb for doing sth 因某人做某事钦佩某人I really admire you. 我实在是很崇拜你。 I admire the doctors for saving the patients. 我很钦佩那些医生因为他们救了那些病人。The students admire their chemistry teacher for her knowledge.学生都钦佩他们化学老师的学识。tradition n. 传统（复数：traditions） adj. traditional 传统的 adv. traditionally 传统上the tradition of ......的传统 the tradition of eating yuanxiao 吃元宵的传统the tradition of making zongzi 制作粽子的传统Chinese people never forget the tradition of making zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival.中国人绝不会忘记在端午节的时候制作粽子的传统。Traditionally，Chinese people make zongzi as their traditional food on the Dragon Boat Festival. 传统上，中国人在端午节的时候会制作粽子作为传统食物。tie n&v n. 领带（复数：ties）He paid 5 pounds for the tie. 他花了5英镑买这条领带。v. 捆、束 tie-tied-tied-tyingtie sth 捆、束、系某物 tie sb’s hands/ arms/ feet 绑住某人的手/胳膊、脚tie...to...把.....绑在......上Please tie the dog to the tree. 请把这只狗栓在那棵树上。Can you help me tie my shoes? 你可以帮我系鞋带吗？haunted adj. 闹鬼的、有鬼魂出没的The house is haunted. = It’s a haunted house.这个房子闹鬼。ghost n. 鬼、鬼魂（复数：ghosts）trick （1）n. 花招、把戏（复数：tricks）（2）v. 捣蛋 trick or treat 捣蛋还是招待（万圣节：不给糖就捣蛋） play a trick/ tricks on sb 捉弄某人、开某人玩笑He played a trick on me on April 1st. 四月一日他捉弄了我。Please don’t play tricks on me. 请别捉弄我。 treat n. 招待、款待 v. 招待、请客、对待、治疗n. 招待、款待：give sb a treat 招待某人“Trick or treat”means kids will play a trick on you if you don’t give them a treat. v. 招待、请客、对待、治疗 treat...as... 把......看作......treat sb to sth 请某人吃某物 treat sb with sth 用某物来款待某人I’ll treat you to lunch. 我要请你吃午餐。I’ll treat you with a big dinner. 我将请你吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。I treat you as my best friend. 我把你看作我最好的朋友。Doctors should treat patient patiently. 医生们应该耐心地医治患者。Christmas n. 圣诞节 Merry Christmas! 圣诞节快乐！on Christmas Day 在圣诞节那天 at Christmas 在圣诞节novel n. 长篇小说 fiction 强调科幻、虚构的故事、无论长短lie vi. 躺 lie-lay-lain-lying There is a cat lying on the sofa. 沙发上正躺着一只猫。vi. 坐落、位于 lie-lay-lain-lyingNeijiang lies in the southwest of China. 内江坐落在中国的西南部。vi. 撒谎 lie-lied-lied-lying He always lies to me. 他总是对我说谎。n. 谎言、谎话（复数：lies） tell a lie/ lies 说谎 Don’t tell lies. 不要说谎。dead adj. 死的、失去生命的 n. death 死亡 adj. dying 垂死的 vi. die 死The dying old man’s daughter has been dead for 3 years. She died of illness and her death made him very sad. 老人的女儿死了三年了。她死于疾病，她的死令他非常难过。business n. 生意、商业、职责、公事（不可数名词） 表示“公司、工厂、商店、企业”时可数 n. businessman 商人on business 出差 out of business 停业、歇业 do business with sb 和某人一起做生意Business is business. 公事公办。 It’s none of your business. 跟你无关。I want to do business with you. 我想和你一起做生意。Tom is a successful businessman. 汤姆是一个成功的商人。My father has gone to Beijing on business. 我爸爸去北京出差了。This restaurant is out of business. 这个餐馆停业了。punish v. 处罚、惩罚 punishment n. 惩罚、处罚 punish sb 惩罚某人 punish sb for sth 因某事惩罚某人 punish sb for（not）doing sth 因（没）做某事惩罚某人do sth as a punishment 做某事作为一个惩罚If you don’t do your homework, your teacher will punish you.如果你不做你的家庭作业，你的老师将会惩罚你。Your teacher will punish you for not doing your homework.你的老师会因你没做作业惩罚你的。The teacher punished Tom for being late for class. 老师因为汤姆上课迟到而惩罚了他。He paid 500 yuan as a punishment. 他付了五百元作为罚款。warn v. 警告、告诫warn sb (not) to do sth 告诫某人（不要）做某事warn sb of/ about sth 提醒/警告某人注意某事warn sb against sth 告诫某人提防某事 warn sb against doing sth 告诫某人不要做某事warn sb that+从句 警告某人......I have warned you not to tell him the truth. 我已经警告过你不要告诉他真相了。Please warn everyone of the danger. 请提醒所有人注意危险。I have warned you that snakes are dangerous before. 我之前已经警告过你蛇很危险了。present n. 现在 at present 目前，现在At present, the most important thing for us is to study hard. 目前，对于我们来说努力学习是最重要的事情。n. 礼物= gift（复数：presents） I bought a tie for my dad as his birthday present. 我给爸爸买了一条领带作为他的生日礼物。adj. 现在的 She doesn’t like her present job. 她不喜欢她现在的工作。I don’t know how to get over the present difficulties. 我不知道怎么克服目前的困难。warmth n. 温暖、暖和（不可数名词） adj. warm 温暖的The sun gives us warmth and light. 太阳给我们温暖和光明。Those lonely old people really need warmth of the family. 那些孤独老人真的很需要家庭温暖。spread-spread-spread v. 传播；展开 n. 蔓延；传播v. 传播I want to spread Chinese culture all over the world. 我想把中国文化传播到世界各地。The COVID-19 spreads easily. 新冠很容易传播。v. 展开、伸展The bird spread its wings and flew away. 这只鸟展开翅膀然后飞走了。Now spread your arms and take a deep breath. 现在张开你的双手深呼吸。n. 传播、蔓延Let’s work together to stop the spread of the fire. 现在我们让齐心协力阻止火势蔓延吧。Unit 3 Words and Expressionsrestroom n. 洗手间；公共厕所（复数：restrooms）含有room的常见复合词：classroom教室，bedroom卧室，washroom洗手间、厕所，bathroom浴室、洗手间，living room客厅 dining room 饭厅、餐厅stamp n. 邮票（复数：stamps）I like collecting stamps. 我喜欢收集邮票。bookstore n. 书店（复数：bookstores）You can buy some books in a bookstore. 你可以在一家书店里买到一些书。The books in our bookstore is on sale today. 今天我们书店里的书打折。beside prep. 在...的旁边；在...的附近（相当于next to）Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我的旁边。There is a hospital beside my house. 在我家旁边有一家医院。区别：besides adv&prep 作介词：除了...之外（还有）Besides English, I have to learn math, Chinese, physics, chemistry and other subjects. Besides speaking English, he can speak French. 除了会说英语，他还会说法语。除了英语之外，我还要学习数学、英语、物理、化学以及其他一些学科。作副词：意为“此外”，后加句子，修饰句子。常用于例举时，First...Second....Besides...postcard n. 明信片（复数：postcards） send a postcard 寄一张明信片 pardon 感叹词：pardon me ①表示没听清：请再说一遍A：Could you please open the window? B：Pardon? 或 Pardon me? 或May I beg your pardon? 请再说一遍。②表示歉意：抱歉、对不起Oh, pardon me. I don’t want to trouble you. 抱歉，我不想麻烦你的。③打扰他人或咨询信息引起被人注意的套话：劳驾、打扰一下= excuse me。Pardon me, could you tell me where the restrooms are? 劳驾，你可以告诉我厕所在哪里吗？动词：原谅 Please pardon me for not writing back to you. 请原谅我没有给你回信。Please pardon me for making such mistakes. 请原谅我犯了这样的错误。normally adv. 通常、正常情况下（相当于usually） adj. normal 一般的、正常的、意料之中的、正规的I normally get up at 6 a.m. 我通常早上六点起床。 或 Normally, I get up at 6 a.m. She normally makes mistakes in grammar. 她通常在语法上犯错误。It is normal for sb to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是正常的。I want to live a normal life. 我想要过上正常的生活。Her room is untidy, but it is normal. 她的房间很乱，不过也很正常。It is normal for us to feel nervous before an exam. 对于我们来说在考试前紧张是很正常的。rush v. 冲、仓促、急促、催促： rush out of 从...冲出去rush to sp. 冲去某地 rush into sp.冲进某地 rush to do sth 赶紧做某事 rush off 跑掉、迅速离开He rushed out of the classroom just now. 他刚才冲出了教室。You don’t have to rush to school. We still have time. 你没有必要冲去学校，我们仍然有时间。He always rushes to do his homework after dinner. 晚餐后他总是赶紧做他的家庭作业。Tom is in trouble. I must rush to help him. 汤姆有困难。我必须赶紧去帮助他。She got up late this morning. Now, she has to rush off to catch the bus. 她今早起床晚了。现在她必须迅速离开去赶公交车。n. 仓促、急促： in a rush 匆忙地 rush hour（交通）高峰期在（交通）高峰期：at rush hour in the rush hour during the rush hourWhat’s the rush? 干吗这么急匆匆的？ There is no rush. 不用着急。I’m sorry that I can’t talk with you now. I am in a rush. 对不起我现在不能和你交谈。我赶时间。I went to school in a rush this morning. 我今天早上匆忙地去上学了。There will be many cars on the road at rush hour.在上下班高峰期路上将会有许多的车。suggest v. 建议、提议 suggestion n. 建议、提议（复数：suggestions）suggest sth （to sb） （向某人）建议某事 suggest doing sth 建议做某事 suggest that + sb should do sth 建议某人应该做某事Here are my suggestions. 这些是我的建议。Can you give me some suggestions? 你可以给我一些建议吗？He suggested a walk. 他提议散步。He suggested listening to tapes to improve my pronunciation. 他建议我听录音来提升我的发音。He suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day. 他建议我一天吃三次这个药。注意：表示建议某人做某事，只能用advise sb to do sthHe advised me to take the medicine three times a day. 他建议我一天吃三次这个药。辨析：advice n. 建议、提议(不可数名词） advise v. 建议、提议advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事advise doing sth 建议做某事advise that sb (should) + do sth 建议某人应该做某事pass by （1） 路过、经过（= go past= walk past）Go past/ Pass by/ Walk past the bookstore and you will see a restroom on your right. 经过一个书店，你会看到洗手间在你的右边。I saw her working in the garden when I passed by. 当我进过的时候，我看到她正在花园里劳作。I need to pass by a bank on my way to school. 在我去学校的路上，我必须经过一个银行。（时间）过去、（机会）错过Time passes by quickly. 时光飞逝。Don’t let the chances pass by. 不要让机会溜走。staff n. 职工；管理人员（集合名词，本身就是复数概念，如果要表达一名职工，应用a member of staff或 a staff member/ person）Here are 500 staff in our school. 在我们学校有500名职工。The staff in the library are friendly. 图书馆的员工都很友好。There is a staff person over there. 在那边有一个员工。grape n. 葡萄（复数：grapes） I like grapes. 我喜欢葡萄。一串葡萄： a bunch of grapes two bunches of grapes 两串葡萄nearby adj. 附近的（常在名词前作定语）I want to find a nearby hotel. 我想找一个附近的酒店。You can buy some meat, fruit and vegetables in the nearby supermarket. 你可以在附近的超市买一些肉、水果和蔬菜。adv. 在附近 I live nearby. 我住在附近。 There is a big hotel nearby. 在这附近有个大酒店。You can take a walk nearby. 你可以在附近散散步。eastn. 东、东部、东方The sun rises from the east. 太阳从东方升起。He comes from the east but now lives in Chengdu. 他来自东部地区，现在却住在成都。adv. 向东 go east 向东走 drive east 向东方开车 Please go east along the road. 请沿着这条路往东走。adj. 东方的East wind comes from the east. 东风来自于东方。I don’t know the east coast well. 我不太了解东海岸。mail vt. 邮寄；发电子邮件 mail sb 给某人发电子邮件mail sb sth= mail sth to sb 给某人邮寄某物I want to mail my friends some mooncakes.= I want to mail some mooncakes to my friends.If you have something to tell me, you can mail me. 如果你有什么要告诉我的，可以发邮件给我。He mailed a letter to his mom just now. 刚才他给他妈妈寄了一封信。u.c.n. 邮件、信件 There isn’t much mail today. 今天没有太多的邮件。Italian adj. 意大利的；意大利人的 I like Italian food and culture. 我喜欢意大利的食物和文化。n. 意大利人（复数：Italians）；意大利语（不可数） Italy n. 意大利（国家）He is an Italian and he speaks Italian. 他是意大利人，他说意大利语。Here are some Italians. 这里有一些意大利人。He is from Italy. 他来自意大利。fascinating adj. 迷人的、极有吸引力的（作表语时，主语通常是事物） fascinated adj. 入迷的、感兴趣的find sb / sth fascinating 发现某人/某物很有魅力I find him fascinating. 我发现他很有魅力。 He is fascinating. 他很有魅力。 Our school is fascinating in autumn. 我们学校在秋天很迷人。It is a fascinating book. 这是一本非常有趣的书。It is one of the most fascinating novels. 这是最有吸引力的书之一。I find Chinese culture fascinating. 我发现中国文化很有魅力。I was fascinated by her voice. 我被她的嗓音迷住了。相关词： fascinate vt. 迷住、深深吸引 fascination n. 魅力、吸引力、入迷（不可数）Chinese culture always fascinates me. 中国文化总是深深吸引我。They are looking at the Great Wall in fascination. 他们正入迷地看着长城。Chinese culture is full of fascination. 中国文化很有魅力。convenient adj. 方便的、便利的（反义：inconvenient 不方便的）It’s convenient for sb to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事很方便Now, it’s convenient for people to go shopping online. 现在对人们来说网上购物很方便。Cars make our lives convenient. 汽车使我们的生活变得方便。相关词：convenience n. 方便、便利（不可数）；便利的设施（可数）I put my books on the desk for convenience. 为了方便，我把书放在桌子上。Here are some modern conveniences in our city. 我们城市里有一些现代化的便利设施。mall n. 商场、购物中心 shopping mall 购物中心He rushed into the shopping mall and bought a lot of things. 他冲进购物中心买了许多东西。clerk n. 职员（复数：clerks，常用来指办公室、银行柜台、商场工作人员 ）corner n. 拐角、角落（复数：corners）the corner of ......的角落/拐角at/on the corner of ......在.....的拐角 in the corner of ......在......的角落里There is a mall at the corner of the street. 在街道拐角处有一个商场。You can find a chair in the corner of the room. 在房间的角落里你可以找到一把椅子。polite adj. 礼貌的、有礼貌的（反义：impolite不礼貌的） politely adv. 礼貌地（反义：impolitely） Tom is a polite boy.= Tom is polite. 汤姆是一个有礼貌的男孩。It’s impolite to speak loudly in public places. 在公共场合大声地说话很不礼貌。It’s impolite to ask some personal questions. 问一些私人的问题是很不礼貌的。We should be polite to everyone. 我们应该对每个人都有礼貌。He never treats others politely. Nobody likes him. 他从不礼貌地对待他人。没人喜欢他。request 作名词，意为“请求、要求”，可数名词。多指比较礼貌正式的请求，后常接介词for。 make a request 发出请求 receive a request 收到请求 consider a request 考虑请求make a request for help 发出需要帮助的请求 the request for directions 关于方向的请求the request for a new computer 关于新电脑的请求 the request for buying a new computer作及物及物动词，意为“要求、请求”。request sb to do sth 请求某人做某事 request sth from sb 向某人请求某物request that + 从句 请求......I want to request some help. 我想请求帮助。He requested some stamps from Tom. 他向汤姆要了一些邮票。He requested me to look up the new words in the dictionary for him. 他请求我帮他在字典里查这些新单词。I requested that everyone should come here on time. 我请求每个人按时到这里。direction （复数：directions）n. 方位、方向in the direction of ......朝......方向 from the direction of ......从.......方向all directions 四面八方She went off in the direction of the cinema. 她离开了朝着电影院方向走。She came here from the direction of the supermarket. 她从超市那边到这来的。The visitors come from all directions. 游客们来自四面八方。n. （路线）指引give sb directions 给某人指路= show sb the way to sp.ask for directions 问路 follow directions 遵照指引If you lose your way, you can ask someone for directions. 如果你迷路了，你可以找个人问路。Sorry，I’m afraid I can’t give you directions, because I am a stranger here. 抱歉不能给你指路，我也是外地人。correctadj. 正确的= right （反义：incorrect 不正确的） correctly adv. 正确地、恰当地 （反义：incorrectly 不正确地）You answers are correct. 你的答案是正确的。Let me tell you the correct answer. 让我来告诉你那个正确的答案。I can’t pronounce the words correctly. 我不能正确地发出那些单词的读音。You answered incorrectly.（这里的answer是动词“回答”，你回答得不正确。）vt. 改正、纠正You should correct your mistakes. 你应该改正自己的错误。You should correct your pronunciation. 你应该纠正自己的发音。direct adj. 直接的、直率的 adv. directly 直接地 Can you show me a direct answer? 你可以给我一个直接的答案吗？Can you answer my question directly? 你可以直接的回答我的问题吗？v. 指路；指导Could you please direct me to the station? 你能给我指出去车站的路吗?He directed the film. 他指导了那部电影。相关词：director n. 导演 directions 指引speaker n. 发言者、讲某种语言的人 I am a Chinese speaker. 我是个讲中文的人。Today, our first speaker is Tom. 今天我们的第一位演讲者是汤姆。whom pron. 谁、什么人 是who 的宾格形式。在口语中可和who互换。但如果紧跟在介词后面，则只能用whom。I don’t know who/whom he is waiting for. 我不知道他在等谁。Who/ Whom were you talking to just now?= To Whom were you talking just now? 你刚才正在和谁交谈？underground adj. 地下的Where is the underground parking lot? 地下停车场在哪里？Look! There is an underground mall. 看！那里有一个地下商场。n. 地铁（英式）= subway（美式）She often goes to work by underground. 她通常乘坐地铁去上班。= She often takes the underground to work.Unit4 Words and Expressionshumorous adj. 幽默的、滑稽有趣的 转化： humor n. 幽默、幽默感 full of humor 有幽默感的常见的加后缀变形容词的： fame 名气（famous 有名的），danger 危险（dangerous危险的）。My mom used to be serious, but now she is humorous. 我妈妈曾经是严肃的，但是现在她很幽默。She is humorous.= She is a humorous girl.= She is a girl full of humor. 她是一个幽默的女生。I like reading the humorous stories. 我喜欢阅读这些诙谐有趣的故事。silent adj. 不说话的；沉默的转化：silently adv. 沉默地、无声地 silence n. 沉默、无声 in silence= silently 沉默地、无声地She used to be silent in class, but now she is active. 她过去在课堂上很沉默寡言，但是现在她很积极活跃。He sat silently in his room. = He sat in silence in his room.他默不作声地坐在他的房间里。Everyone is silent and nobody breaks the silence. 每个人都是沉默的，并且没有人打破沉寂。Silence is golden. 沉默是金。helpful adj. 有用的；有帮助的be helpful to sb/sth 对某人/某物有帮助It’s helpful (for sb ) to do sth （对某人来说）做某事有帮助Watching English movies is helpful to our listening . 看英语电影对我们的听力有帮助。She is helpful and likes to help others. 她乐于助人，热爱帮助别人。Thank you for your helpful advice. 谢谢你有用的帮助。from time to time 时常；有时（同义词： sometimes 有时， at times 时常）She still plays the piano from time to time. 她仍然有时候会弹奏钢琴。She makes mistakes in grammar from time to time. 她有时会在语法上犯错。Tom goes to visit his grandma from time to time. = Tom sometimes goes to visit his grandma.= Tom goes to visit his grandma at times. 汤姆时常会去看望他的祖母。time相关的短语：on time按时、准时 in time及时 for the first time 第一次 at the same time同时 all the time 一直；总是 We should finish our homework on time. 我们应该按时完成家庭作业。He got up late this morning. Luckily, he caught the bus in time. 他今早起床晚了。幸运地是，他及时的赶上了公交车。I liked her when I met her for the first time. 当我第一次见到她时，就喜欢她。We said “Hello” to each other at the same time. 我们同时对彼此说了Hello.Tom, you watch TV all the time and never help out around the house. 汤姆，你总是看电视，从来不帮助做家务。score n. （比赛）得分、（考试）分数 复数：scoresget good scores = get good grades=get good marks 取得好成绩 get a high score 取得一个高分 get a low score 取得一个低分 a score of 100 一百分 a score of 7 to 3 一个七比三的比分 She always gets good scores in English exams. 她总是在英语考试中取得好成绩。He thinks a score of 100 is a piece of cake. 他认为考100分易如反掌。We won the football match with a score of 7 to 3.vt&vi. 进球、得分、评分Mr. Liu is busy scoring the tests. 刘老师正忙于给那些测试评分。Mary scored the highest marks on the exam. 玛丽考试中得了个最高分。 Our team scored well today. 今天我们队伍进球进得多。She always scores well in English exams. 她总是在英语考试中得分很高。background n. 背景（出身背景、学历经历、事情事件背景、背景音乐、图画背景）He has a strong family background. 他有一个强大的家庭背景。Students with a background in English can find it easier. 接触过英语的人会觉得这门课容易些。In the background of this photo, you can see my friends. 在这张照片的背景中，你可以看见我朋友。In the background, I can hear the sound of a woman. 我可以听见背景中有个女人的声音。interview v. 采访、面试 interview sb 采访某人/面试某人interview sb about sth 就某事采访某人 interview sb for sth 为了某事面试某人I need to interview the movie star. 我需要去采访那个电影明星。The reporter interviewed the writer about his new novel. 记者就那位作家的新小说采访了他。We have interviewed many people for the job. 我们为了那个职位已经面试了许多人了。n. 面试、访谈 相关词： interviewer n. 采访者、主持面试者 interviewee n. 被采访者、参加面试者do an interview with sb. 采访某人 give an interview（某人）接受采访I have done an interview with that famous singer.我已经采访过那位著名的歌手了。I never give interviews. 我从不接受采访.I have a job interview this afternoon. 今天下午我有一次求职面试。Don’t be late for the interview, or you will lose the job. 面试不要迟到，不然你会失去那个工作。Thank you for your interview. 感谢你的面谈。An interview is a conversation between the interviewer and the interviewee. 访谈就是采访者和被采访者之间的一次谈话。Asian adj. 亚洲（人）的 & n. 亚洲人 Asia n. 亚洲China is one of the Asian countries. 中国是亚洲国家之一。We are all Asians. 我们都是亚洲人。China is the biggest country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。 deal- delt -delt deal with 应对、处理Tom has to deal with all kinds of people in his job.汤姆在他的工作中不得不应对各种各样的人。I don’t know how to deal with the problem. 我不知道怎么解决这个问题。shyness n. 害羞、腼腆（不可数名词）-ness是名词的后缀，类似的有：happy开心的- happiness开心、幸福 sad 悲伤的 - sadness 悲伤 careless 粗心的- carelessness 粗心 careful 仔细的- carefulness 仔细、慎重ill生病的- illness 疾病 kind 善良的- kindness 仁慈、好意 dark黑暗的- darkness黑暗dare 行为动词：敢于、胆敢 dare to do sth 敢于做某事 She used to be quiet and didn’t dare to speak in front of people. 她过去很文静，不敢在人前讲话。Tom dares to live alone. 汤姆敢一个人住。情态动词：敢于、胆敢 （ 后加动词原形，无人称和数的变化，但有过去式dared, 用于否定句和疑问句，dare not 可缩写成daren’t.）She dare not go out alone at night. 她不敢晚上独自外出。She needs a lot of money, but she dare not ask her father for it.她需要很多钱，但是不敢和爸爸要。Dare she ask her father for money? 她敢跟她爸爸要钱吗？口语：How dare sb do...你竟敢、你怎么敢：用于表示愤慨和惊讶 Don’t you dare do sth!你敢...（警告对方不准做某事，因为这样会让我愤怒）How dare you tell lies to me! 你竟敢跟我说谎！How dare he talk to his father like that! 他怎么敢跟他父亲那样说话！How dare she play a trick on you! 她怎么敢捉弄你！Don’t you dare go out! 你敢出去玩！（不准出去，出去了的话，我会生气。）Tom, don’t you dare go anywhere else! 汤姆，你不准去其他任何地方！crowd （1）n. 人群、观众（复数：crowds）相关词：crowded adj. 拥挤的 uncrowded adj. 不拥挤的a crowd of 一群 crowds of 成群的I can find you even though you are in the crowd. 即使你在人群中，我还是能找到你。There is a crowd of students in front of the school building. 那栋教学楼前有一群学生。Crows of students get into school every morning. 每天早上成群的学生走进校园。She likes singing in front of the crowds. 她喜欢在大众面前唱歌。vt.挤满、塞满、使拥挤 vi. 挤进：crowd into sp 挤进某地Thousands of people crowded the street. 成千上万的人挤满了这条街。Many people crowded into the mall. 许多人挤进了那个商场。ton n. 吨（重量单位），复数：tonsa ton of apples 一吨苹果 two tons of apples 两吨苹果a ton of water 一吨水 two tons of water 两吨水There is a ton of apples on the truck. 货车上有一吨苹果。The elephant weighs 3 tons. 这头大象重三吨。One thousand kilograms make a ton.=There are one thousand kilograms in a ton.一吨是一千千克。Your bag weighs a ton！ (非正式说法）你的包很重！n. 大量、许多tons of 大量的、许多的=a ton of = lots of=a lot of（后接可数名词复数和不可数名词）I get tons of attention everywhere I go. 我去任何地方都会得到大量的关注。Tom has tons of secrets. 汤姆有许多秘密。The movie star received tons of mail from her fans.那个电影明星收到了许多她影迷的来信。I want to make tons of money. 我想要挣许多钱。I have a ton of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。There are a ton of people on the beach. 在沙滩上有许多人。private adj. 私人的=personal；私密的private hospitals 私人医院 private schools 私人学校（美式公立学校：public schools）相关词：in private= privately adv. 私下地、秘密地 privacy n. 隐私I have no privacy now. 现在我没有隐私了。Tom wants to meet you privately.= Tom wants to meet you in private. 汤姆想要私下见见你。I don’t have much private time anymore. 我不再有许多私人的时间了。Don’t talk with others about someone’s private life. 不要和别人谈论某人的私生活的事。It’s a private parking lot. 这是一个私人停车场。I need to have a private discussion with you. 我要和你私下讨论。We should find a private place to talk about the matter.我们需要找个僻静的地方来谈论这个事情。guard n. 警卫、守卫（复数：guards） on guard 站岗；警惕Tom works as a safety guard in the mall and he is on guard today. 汤姆在那家商场当保安,，并且今天他值班站岗。Be on guard against thieves. 警惕小偷。 Be on guard against the fire. 警惕火灾。There are two guards outside. 在外面有两个警卫。vt. 守卫、保卫；看守、监视 guard sb / sth 保卫某人、某物guard against sth 防范/提防某物Chinese soldiers guard us, guard our country and guard the future of our motherland. 中国军人保卫着我们，保卫着国家，保卫着祖国的未来。We need to guard against the danger around us. 我们应该提防我们周围的危险。The dog is guarding its owner’s house. 这是狗正在守护着它主人的家。The house is guarded. 这个房子有人看守。We need a policeman to guard the criminals. 我们需要一个警察来看守这些罪犯。require（不用于进行时） requirement n. 需要、要求vt. 需要；要求require sth 需要某物sth require doing= sth require to be done 某事需要被做require sb to do sth 需要某人做某事；要求某人做某事require that sb (should) do sth 需要/要求......例句：Fishing requires a lot of patience. 钓鱼需要许多耐心。My car requires washing.= My car requires to be washed. 我的车需要被清洗了。Our house requires repairing. 我们的房子需要被修理了。My English teacher requires me to pay more attention in class.英语老师要求我上课要更专心。We require that you clean the meeting room.我们要求你打扫会议室。European adj. 欧洲的、欧洲人的 & n. 欧洲人（复数：Europeans） Europe 欧洲African adj. 非洲的、非洲人的 & n.非洲人（复数：Africans） Africa 非洲British adj. 英国的、英国人的 英国人：British（单复数同形） Englishman（Englishmen） 英国人英国：Britain England the UKspeech n. 讲话、演讲（复数：speeches）give/ make a speech 发表演讲 Tom did well in his speech. 汤姆在他的演讲中表现很好。I am afraid of giving speech in public. 我害怕当众发表演讲。public n. 民众（集合名词） in public 公开地、在别人（尤指生人）面前The museum is open to the public. 这个博物馆对公众开放。I will make a speech in public tomorrow. 明天我要当众发表演讲。She is always silent in public. 在生人面前她总是很沉默寡言。adj. 公开的；公众的They made the secret public. 他们公开了这个秘密。Don’t speak loudly in public places. 不要在公共场合大声说话。Could you tell me where to find a public restroom？你能告诉我哪里能找到一个公共厕所吗？ant n. 蚂蚁（复数：ants）insect n. 昆虫（复数：insects）seldom 很少（频度副词，位置三后一前） He is seldom late for class. 他很少迟到。He seldom makes mistakes in grammar. 他很少在语法上出错。influence n. 影响；有影响的人或物have an influence on 对.....有影响under the influence of 在......的影响下He has a strong influence on me. 他对我有很大的影响。The movie has a bad influence on children. 这部电影对学生有很坏的影响。He made the decision under the influence of his parents. 他在他父母的影响下做的那个决定。His music teacher is a major influence in his life.他的音乐老师是他一生中影响他最大的人。vt. 影响influence sb/sth 影响某人/物influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事His parents influenced him. 他的父母影响了他。His teacher’s words influenced all his life. 老师的话影响了他的一生。My father influenced me to choose the job. 我的父亲影响了我去选择的这个工作。absent adj. 缺席的、不在的 absence n. 缺席be absent from school/ meeting/ class/ work 不上学/ 缺席会议/ 旷课/ 旷工Tom is often absent from class. 汤姆经常旷课。fail vt&vi. 失败；未能做到某事Our plan has failed. 我们的计划失败了。You will fail unless you work hard. 除非你努力工作，不然你就会失败。fail to do sth 未能做某事Hurry up, or we will fail to catch the bus. 赶快，不然我们就要赶不上那趟公交车了。He never fails to write to his mom every week. 每个星期他都给他母亲写信。考试不及格He failed again in his English exam. = He failed his English exam again. 他的英语考试又不及格。He was very sad because he failed all his exams. 他非常难过，因为他所有考试都失败了。 相关词：failure n. 失败（不可数名词）Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。exactly adv. 确切地；精确地I know exactly how she feels now. 我确切地知道她现在的感受。That’s exactly what I expected. 那正是我所期待的。It was exactly what I needed. 这正是我所需要的。Your answer is exactly right. 你的答案完全正确。Their answers are exactly the same. 他们的答案完全一样。Tell me exactly where he is. 确切地告诉我他现在在哪里。口语：一点不错、正是如此（用作答语，表示赞同）--- He is really tall now. 他现在实在是很高啊。 --- Exactly. 确实如此。pride n. 自豪、骄傲（不可数名词）take pride in 为......感到自豪the pride of ......的骄傲They take pride in their son’s achievement. 他们为儿子的成就感到自豪。They all take pride in their son. 他们都以他们的儿子为荣。Yuan Longping is the pride of China and we all admire him.袁隆平是中国的骄傲，我们都敬佩他。proud adj. 骄傲的、感到自豪的be proud of 为......感到骄傲、自豪= take pride inbe proud to do sth 为做某事感到骄傲My parents are proud of me. 我的父母以我为荣。We are proud of the great changes in our country. 我们为祖国的巨大变化感到自豪。I’m proud to give a speech here. 我很自豪能在这里演讲。introduction n.介绍；序言、引言（复数：introductions）make an introduction/ introductions 作介绍In the introduction, he explains why he wrote the book. 在引言里，他解释了为什么要写这本书。 Here are some introductions of/about the book. 这里有一些关于这本书的介绍。相关词：introduce v. 介绍 introduce sb/sth/oneself 介绍某人/物/某人自己 introduce A to B 把A介绍给Bintroduce ... into 引入、引进First, let me introduce my wife/ the book/myself. 首先，让我介绍一下我的妻子/这本书/我自己。Allow me to introduce my friend Tom to you. 请允许我为你介绍我的朋友汤姆。We have introduced some new technology into our company. 我们公司引进了一些新的技术。Unit5 Words and Expressionschopstick n. 筷子（成双成对出现的物品，常使用复数：chopsticks）a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子 two pairs of chopsticks 两双筷子There is a pair of chopsticks on the table. 在桌上有一双筷子。This pair of chopsticks is made of wood. 这双筷子是木头做的。Chinese people usually eat with chopsticks. 中国人通常使用筷子吃饭。fork n. 叉子（复数：forks）In western countries, people usually eat with knives and forks.在西方国家人们通常用刀叉吃饭。coin n. 硬币 纸币：paper money 或 notes表示枚数时可数：复数：coins a coin 一枚硬币 some coins 一些硬币表示总称时不可数：Coin can be made of silver. 银币可以由银子制成。Both paper money and coin can be used for buying things. 纸币和银币都可以用来买东西。blouse n. (女士) 短上衣、衬衣 （复数：blouses）The blouse is made of silk. 这件女士短款上衣是丝绸制作而成的。silver n. 银、银色、银币、银器（不可数名词）This pair of chopsticks is made of silver. 这双筷子是用银子做的。This kind of computers has different colors, such as white, black, silver and so on. 这种电脑有不同的颜色，比如说白色、黑色、银色等等。（2）adj. 银质的；银色的、银白色的、银灰色的 a silver coin 一枚银币 a silver ring 一枚银戒指 a pair of silver chopsticks 一双银筷子an old man with silver hair 一位银发老人 a silver car 一辆银色的车with a silver spoon in one’s mouth 某人生来富贵、含着金汤匙出生She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. 她是含着金汤匙出生的。glass n. 玻璃（物质名词，不可数）The cup is made of glass. 这个杯子是由玻璃制成的。玻璃杯（可数，复数glasses）a glass 一个玻璃杯 two glasses 两个玻璃杯The glass is made of glass. 这个玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。眼镜（成双成对出现，常用复数glasses）a pair of glasses一副眼镜 two pairs of glasses两副眼镜cotton n. 棉、棉花（物质名词，不可数）These shirts are made of cotton. 这些衬衣是由棉花制作而成的。steel n. 钢、钢铁（物质名词，不可数）Chopsticks can be made of steel. 筷子可以是由钢制成的。Steel chopsticks are popular in Korea. 钢筷子在韩国很流行。fair adj. 公平的、公正的、合理的It’s fair/ unfair (for sb) to do sth.对于某人来说做某事是公平的/不公平的。It’s unfair for parents to do all the housework. 对于父母来说，做所有的家务活是不公平的。It’s fair for family members to share the housework. 对于家庭成员来说，分担家务是公平的。n. 展览会、交易会、集市（复数：fairs）a world fair 世界博览会 a book fair 书展 a trade fair 商品交易会grass n. 草、草地（不可数名词）on the grass在草地上 in the grass 在草丛中 Don’t walk on the grass. 不要在草坪上走。Tom is lying on the grass now. 汤姆现在正躺在草地上。Oh, be careful! There is a snake in the grass. 小心！在草丛里有一只蛇。leaf n. 叶子（复数：leaves）Leaves usually turn yellow in autumn. 树叶通常在秋天变黄。Giraffes eat leaves and grass. 长颈鹿吃树叶和草。以f或fe 结尾的可数名词，其复数形式变f或fe为v 再加es。遵循这类规则的常见单词：wolf - wolves 狼 thief- thieves 小偷 wife- wives 妻子 knife- knives 刀life - lives 生命 shelf - shelves 架子 half - halves 一半 self - selves 自己produce vt. 生产、制造：produce sth 生产某物、制造某物Our company can produce cars well. 我们公司善于制造汽车。They produce over 200 toys a day. 他们一天生产200多个玩具。Our factory produced more than 1,000 toys last week. 我们工厂上周生产了一千多个玩具。vt. （农作物成产量化地）出产，（农作物自然地）生长、长出果实These trees can produce good apples. 这些树可以结出优质的苹果。This area produce most of the country’s rice. 这个地区出产了这个国家大部分的米。区别：grow 和 plant grow 表示“种植、使生长”，着重指种植以后的栽培、生长过程。plant 表示“栽种、播种”这一行为，指把种子或秧苗栽种在土壤里使之生长。We grow strawberries to sell every year. 我们每年都种植草莓来卖。How many trees have you planted this year?今年你们种了多少棵树？They planted tomatoes and carrots in their backyard.他们在后院栽种了西红柿和胡萝卜。n. 农产品（不可数名词）Many people sell their local produce on the Internet. 许多人在网上售卖他们当地的农产品。Our produce sells well. 我们的农产品售卖得很好。product n. 产品（复数：products）We can find products made in China everywhere. 我们可以在各个地方都发现中国制造的产品。Our factory produces good products. 我们工厂生产好的产品。Come and buy our products at very good prices. 来买我们便宜的产品吧。widely adv. 普遍地、广泛地 wide adj. 宽的、宽阔的The story is widely spread. 这个故事被广泛地流传。English is widely spoken all over the world. 英语在世界各地都被广泛地使用。Chopsticks are widely used in some Asian countries. 筷子在一些亚洲国家被广泛地使用。The river is wide.= It is a wide river. 这条河很宽。be known for = be famous for = be well-known for 因......而闻名be known as = be famous as = be well-known as 作为......而出名be known to = be famous to = be well-known to 被某人所熟知串记：Zhou Jielun is known for his music. He is known as a singer and he is known to many teenagers in China. 周杰伦因他的音乐而出名。他作为一位歌手而出名，并且他被中国的青少年所熟知。process vt. 加工；处理The workers are busy processing the meat. 工人们正忙于加工这些肉。Tea requires processing. 茶必需要被加工处理过。n. 过程；工序、工艺（复数：processes）Learning English is a long process. 学习英语是一个漫长的过程。Making model plane by hand is a slow process. 手工制作模型飞机是一个缓慢的过程。They are using a new process to make glass. 他们正在使用一种新的工艺来制作玻璃。Many processes are used to make a glass. 制作一个玻璃杯有许多道工序。 in process 在进行中 in the process of doing sth 在做某事的过程中Everything is in process. 一切都在进行中。The bridge is in the process of being built. 这座桥正在修建的过程中。pack vt. 包装；装箱 pack sth 包装某物 He packed a bag of clothes quickly and left. 他很快的打包了一袋衣服，然后离开了。Can you help me pack the books into the box? 你可以帮我把这些书装进箱子里吗?The tea is packed and sent to many different countries.茶被包装起来，且被送到许多不同的地方。vi. 打包、收拾I haven’t packed yet. 我还没有打包好呢。I’m busy packing. 我正忙于收拾行装。n. 一捆、一包 a pack of 一包...... a pack of clothes 一包衣服 a pack of cards 一叠纸牌 a pack of cigarette 一包香烟 France n. 法国 French n. 法语 adj. 法国的、法国人的 法国（男）人：a Frenchman two Frenchmen 法国女人：a Frenchwoman two Frenchwomenno matter 无论、不论（后常接疑问词，引导让步状语从句）no matter + what= whatever 无论什么 no matter + who= whoever 无论谁no matter + when= whenever 无论何时 no matter + where= wherever 无论哪里no matter + how = however 无论怎样No matter who you are, I won’t let you in. 不管你是谁，我都不会让你进去。No matter when you get there, call me at once. 不管你什么时候到达那里，都马上给我打电话。No matter how careful you are, you can not avoid making mistakes. 无论你怎样的小心，你都无法避免犯错误。No matter where you go, I will go with you. 无论你去哪里，我都会跟你一起去。No matter what you say, I won’t believe you again. 无论你说什么，我都不会再相信。local adj. 当地的、本地的（常在名词前作定语）local schools 当地学校 local people 当地 local food 当地的食物 local produce当地农产品 brand n. 品牌、牌子（复数：brands）Li Ning is a famous sportswear brand in China. 李宁是中国的一个著名的运动装品牌。avoid vt. 避免、回避 avoid sb回避、躲开某人 avoid sth/ doing sth 避免（做）某事I think she is always avoiding me. 我认为她总是在躲开我。We should start early to avoid the rush hour. 我们应该早点出发以避开交通高峰期。Don’t avoid my questions. 不要逃避我的问题。Don’t avoid answering my questions. 不要逃避回答我的问题。We can never avoid mistakes. 我们不能避免错误。We can never avoid making mistakes. 我们不能避免犯错误。handbag n. 小手提包（复数：handbags）There are many things in her handbag, such as a wallet and a set of keys.在她的手提包里有许多东西，比如说一个钱包和一串钥匙。mobile adj. 可移动的、非固定的（常在名词前作定语）mobile phones 移动电话、手机 mobile houses 移动房屋 mobile toilets 移动厕所 everyday adj. 每天的、日常的（常在名词前作定语） everyday English 日常英语 everyday clothes 日常穿的衣服 everyday things 日常用品 everyday activities 日常活动 注意区分：every day 是副词短语，意为“每天”，常在句中作时间状语；We learn everyday English every day. 我们每天都学习日常的英语。Germany n. 德国 German adj. 德国（人）的、德语的 n. 德语（不可数）；德国人（复数：Germans）He is a German. He comes from Germany. He can speak German. He is my German teacher. 他是一个德国人。他来自德国。他说德语。他是我的德语老师。material n. 材料、原料People use different materials to make different things. 人们使用不同的原料来制作不同的东西。traffic n. 交通、路上行驶的车辆（不可数名词）表示交通量大用heavy，交通量小用light。traffic rules 交通规则 traffic lights 交通信号灯 traffic accidents 交通事故We should follow the traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。We can’t go across the road when the traffic lights are red. 红灯时，我们不能过马路。He was late for work because of the heavy traffic. 他上班迟到了，因为交通拥堵。Careless driving causes many traffic accidents. 粗心的驾驶会导致许多的交通事故。Although the traffic was heavy, we arrived at the railway station in time. 尽管交通很拥堵，我们还是及时的到达了那个火车站。postman n. 邮递员（复数：postmen）Postmen bring letters and postcards to people’s homes. 邮递员将信和明信片带到人们家里来。glove n. 手套（复数：gloves 一副手套：a pair of gloves）People usually wear gloves in winter. 在冬季人们通常会戴手套。international adj. 国际的I bought my mom a silver ring at the international fair. 我在一个国际展览会上给我妈妈买了个银戒指。You can go to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport to take the plane to Korea. 你可以在上海虹桥国际机场乘坐飞机去韩国。It is an international meeting. 这是一次国际性的会议。The United Nations is an international organization. 联合国是一个国际性组织。competitor n. 竞争者（复数：competitors）compete v. 竞争 compete for sth 为了某物而竞争 compete with sb 同某人竞争 competition n. 竞争、竞赛（复数：competitions）例句：There was a singing competition last week. Many students wanted to compete for the first prize, so they had to compete with each other. But finally, Tom won the singing competition because most competitors were absent from the competition at last. 上周有一次唱歌比赛。许多学生都想竞争第一名，所以他们不得不彼此互相竞争。但是最后汤姆赢得了比赛，因为大部分的竞争者最终都缺席了比赛。its pron. 它的（既是形物代，也是名物代）俗语：Every dog has its day. 风水轮流转。（形物代）The dog is cute. The toy is its. 这只狗很可爱。这个玩具是他的。（名物代）form n. 形式；类型；表格①表格(n.) Please fill in the form. 请填上那个表格。②形式(n.) in the form of 以......的形式Water is in the form of ice when the temperature is below 0℃. ③形成(vt.) He forms a good habit. 他形成了一个好的习惯。clay n. 陶土、黏土（物质名词，不可数）celebration n. 庆典；庆祝活动（复数：celebrations）Sky lanterns are used at festivals and other celebrations.孔明灯被用在节日和其他的庆祝活动中。There is a New Year celebration in the park. 在那个公园里有一场新年庆典。balloon n. 气球（复数：balloons） hot-air balloons热气球scissors n. 剪刀（成双成对出现，常用复数，一把剪刀： a pair of scissors）We can cut paper with scissors. 我们可以用剪刀来剪纸。 lively adj. 生气勃勃的；色彩鲜艳的（既可指人，又可指物）historical adj. （有关）历史的al 后缀的形容词：environment- environmental 环境有关的 nation- national 国家的、民族的education- educational教育的 person- personal 个人的 tradition-traditional 传统的music- musical 音乐的 politics- political 政治的、政治有关的 chemistry- chemical 化学的physics- physical 物理的、身体的heatn. 热、高温（不可数名词） The sun gives us light and heat. 太阳给我们光和热。v. 加热；变热 You’d better heat the dishes before eating. 在吃之前，你最好加热这菜。polish vt. 磨光；打磨；修改；润色 n. 擦亮剂、上光剂（可数）Send him to me, and I will soon polish him. 把他送到我这里来，我会尽快打磨他使他变得完美。Please polish your shoes with a brush. 请用刷子把你的鞋擦亮。The floor is polished every day. 这块地板每天都打蜡。shoe polishes 鞋油 nail polishes 指甲油 mirror polish 镜面抛光give sth a polish 给某物擦亮、抛光complete vt. 完成= finish ；使.....完全I haven’t completed my work yet. 我还没有完成我的工作呢。You have one hour to complete the test. 你们有一个小时时间来完成这次测验。Please complete the sentences with the following words. 请用下面的单词把这些句子补充完整。adj. 完全的、完整的、完成的 completely adv. 完全地、彻底地Is it a complete list? 这是份完整的清单吗？I can't go out to play unless my homework is complete. 我们的作业完成了才能出去。You answers are completely wrong. 你的答案完全错了。Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜 Korean adj. 朝鲜(或韩国)的; 朝鲜(韩国)人的; 朝鲜(或韩)语的; 朝鲜(或韩国)文化的 n. 韩国语; 朝鲜语（不可数）； 朝鲜人，韩国人（复数：Koreans）Unit 6 Words and Expressionsstyle n. 样式、款式、风格、方式 （复数：styles）the style of sth ......的样式 in style 时髦的、流行的 out of style过时的writing style 写作风格 teaching style 教学方式 learning style 学习方式I don’t like the style of this blouse. It’s out of style now. So, I want to buy a new one in style.我不喜欢这件衬衫的款式。它现在已经过时了。所以，我想买一件时髦的新衬衫。pleasure n. 高兴、愉快（不可数名词，具体化指令人快乐的一件事时可数）He loves me and always gives me so much pleasure. 他非常爱我并且总是给我如此多的快乐。With pleasure. （别人发出请求时表示客气地接受或同意）当然了，很愿意。My pleasure. （别人对你表示感谢时的答语）别客气，不用谢。=It's my pleasure. =It is a pleasure.= You're welcome.=No problem. = Not at all.= That's all right. = Don’t mention it. take pleasure in sth./doing sth. 很高兴做…… =It’s a pleasure to do sth.I take great pleasure in studying with you. =It’s a great pleasure to study with you. 很高兴和你一起学习。相关词：pleasant adj. （其他的人或物）令人感到高兴的 pleased adj.（自己）高兴的、满意的please int. 请 v. 使满意、使愉快 Please open your books. 请翻开你们的书。= Open your books, please. I’m pleased that I had a pleasant school trip last week. I bought some gifts for my parents to please them. 我很高兴上星期有一次令人愉快的学校旅行。我给我父母买了一些礼物来使他们高兴。daily adj. 每日的、日常的= everyday （名词前作定语）Let’s do some daily exercises. 来做些日常的练习吧。English is useful in our daily lives. 英语在我们的日常生活中很有用。n. 日报 China Daily 中国日报adv. 每日、每天= every day I go to work by bus every day. = I go to work by bus daily. 我每天坐公交车去上班。The supermarket is open daily. 这个超市每天都营业。类似的词：weekly adj. 每周的 adv. 每周 n. 周刊monthly adj. 每月的 adv. 每月 n. 月刊yearly adj. 每年的 adv. 每年 n. 年鉴website n. 网站、网络（复数：websites） on the website 在网站上list 清单、名单（复数：lists） a shopping list 一张购物清单 make a list 做一份清单The list of the winners will be put up on the school notice board. 获胜者的名单将会被公布在学校公告栏上。Make a list of the classes that you have every day. 把你每天要上的课列一个清单。 v. 列表、列清单You should list whatever you want to buy. 你应该把你任何想买的都买列个清单。mention v. 提及、提到mention sb/ sth 提到某人/某事 sb/ sth be mentioned 某人/某事被提及It’s mentioned that + 从句 （某事被提及） mention sth to sb 向某人提及某事The passage mentions Chang’e. 这篇文章提到了嫦娥。The passage mentions the story of Chang’e. 这篇文章提到了嫦娥的故事。Chang’e/ The story of Chang’e is mentioned in the passage. 嫦娥/ 嫦娥的故事在文章中被提及。It’s mentioned that Chang’e flew up to the moon. 嫦娥飞到了月球被提及到。I mentioned the idea to my parents. They seemed to like it. 我跟我父母提及到了这个想法。他们似乎很喜欢它。Don’t mention it. 不用谢。（回答对方感谢）/ 别提了。（某事情况或进展不太好）--- Thank you for helping me. --- Don’t mention it. 不用谢。--- How was your yesterday’s interview? --- Don’t mention it. I failed. 别提了，我失败了。 accidental adj. 意外的、偶然的 accidentally adv. 意外地、偶然地accident n. 意外的事、事故（复数：accidents） by accident=by chance= accidentally 意外地、偶然地Tea is an accidental invention. 茶是一种意外的发明。Tea was invented by accident.= Tea was invented accidentally. 茶是偶然被发明出来的。 There was a car accident on Center Street just now. 刚才在中心大街有一场车祸。boil vt. 煮沸、烧开：boil sthWe need to boil some water to drink. 我们需要烧点水来喝。 He is boiling water now. 他现在正在烧水。vi. 沸腾 The water is boiling now. 水正在沸腾。boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水，凉白开remain （1）系动词：保持、仍然（后加名词、形容词）He remains unhappy. 他仍然不开心。 He remains a silent boy. 他依然是个沉默寡言的男生。vi. 继续待在某地=stay（后加副词或介词短语）He remains in the classroom. 他仍然在教室里。 He remains there. 他仍然在那里。（3）vi. 剩余 Nothing remained after the fire. 火灾过后什么也不剩了。smell n. 气味（常常具体化，可数）；嗅觉（不可数）How terrible the smell it! 多么难闻的气味啊！He has a good sense of smell. 他有灵敏的嗅觉。The smells from the kitchen filled the room. 厨房里面散发的各种气味充满了整个房间。The flowers have a good smell. 这些花有一种很好闻的味道。vt. 闻到 smell sth 闻到某物Did you smell anything unusual? 你有没有闻到某种特殊的气味？I can’t smell anything. 我闻不到任何气味了。系动词：闻起来+adjThe flowers smell nice. 这些花闻起来不错。taste n. 味道（可数，复数：tastes）It has a good taste. 它味道不错。Different food has different tastes. 不同的食物有不同的味道。vt. 品尝某物 taste sthLet’s taste the dishes. 让我们来品尝这些菜肴吧。Shen Nong tasted the brown water. 神农品尝了这个棕色的水。系动词：闻起来+ adjIt tastes good. 它尝起来不错。take place 发生、出现（后不接宾语，也不用于被动语态）辨析：take place 通常指预先计划、安排或预料之中的事情发生。happen 通常指偶然的、未能预见的事情发生。Great changes have taken place in China. 中国已经发生了很大的变化。A car accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一场车祸。The meeting will take place tomorrow. 会议明天举行。popularity n. 受欢迎；普及（不可数名词） the popularity of ...的普及Teachers are worried about the popularity of mobile phones among the students. 老师们担心学生当中手机的普及。doubt n.&v. （1）n. 疑惑、疑问There is / was no doubt that ... 毫无疑问/无疑……no doubt 无疑地，肯定地 = without doubt 毫无疑问No doubt, I have learned a lot from him. 毫无疑问我已经跟他学到了许多。He will come on time without doubt. 他肯定会按时来。There is no doubt that his dream has come true. 毫无疑问他的梦想会实现。（2）v. 怀疑 其后可以跟名词或代词。I doubt the truth (真实性) of the news. 我怀疑这个消息的真实性。 They doubt us.    他们怀疑我们。肯定句中，doubt后常接if或whether引导的宾语从句。We doubt whether he is lying. 我们怀疑他是否正在撒花。We doubt whether he will come tomorrow. 我怀疑他明天是否回来。否定句和疑问句中，doubt后常接that引导的宾语从句。I don’t doubt that he will be very successful.我相信他会非常成功。 Do you doubt that Cindy will win the match tomorrow? 辛迪明天会赢比赛这件事你怀疑吗？trade n. 贸易、交易（不可数名词）tea trade 茶生意 trade between A and B 两者之间的交易、贸易Tea trade between the two countries has increased. 两国之间的茶贸易已经增加了。vi. 贸易、交易 trade in sth (with sb) （和某人）做某方面的生意、交易He trades in cotton/ tea. 他做棉花/ 茶生意。fridge n. 冰箱（复数：fridges）There is little food in the fridge. Let’s buy some. 冰箱里几乎没食物了。我们去买点吧。low adj. 低的；矮的（指山、墙等矮， 云朵、声音、气温低，也可指价格、水平低）反义词：high at a low price 以一个低价 at a high price 以一个高价 at a low speed 以低速 at a high speed 以高速at a low temperature/ heat 以低温 at a high temperature/heat 以高温The mountain is very low/ high. 那座山非常矮/ 非常高。 I saw a high/ low mountain. 我看见了一座很高/很矮的山。There are some high/low clouds in the sky. 在天上有一些很高/ 很低的云。Don’t talk in such a high voice. 不要用这么大的声音来交谈。national adj. 国家的、名族的 nation n. 国家、民族（复数：nations）the United Nations 联合国 a national park 一个国家公园 a national hero 一位民族英雄national flags 国旗 Here are 56 nations in China. 中国有56个民族。somebody pron. 某人 n. 重要人物Somebody is in the classroom. 某人在教室里。He thinks he is a somebody. But, in fact, he is just a nobody. 他觉得他是个人物。事实上，他什么也不是。translate v. 翻译 translate... into... 把......翻译成........= put ... into...= turn... into....Please translate these sentences into English. 请把这些句子翻译成英文。translation n. 翻译 translator n. 翻译者；翻译家lock v. 锁上、锁住 lock sb/ oneself lock sth lock the door 锁门 He locked me in the classroom yesterday. 他昨天把我锁在教室里了。She locked herself in her room. 她把她自己锁在房间里。Don’t forget to lock the door when you leave. 当你离开的时候别忘了关门。n. 锁 （复数：locks） This lock is broken, so you must buy a new one. 这把锁坏了，你必须买把新的。ring v. ring- rang - rung vt. 使发出钟声或铃声 ring the bell 按铃You can ring the bell if there is a fire. 如果这里发生火灾，你可以按铃。vt. 打电话 ring sb 打电话给某人= call sb ring sb up 给某人打电话= call sb upI’ll call you up as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。= I’ll ring you up as soon as I get there. If you have any problem, you can ring me up. 如果你有任何问题，你可以给我打电话。vi. 嗡嗡作响 The telephone is ringing. 电话正在响。The bell is ringing. 铃声正在响。（4）n. 戒指（复数：rings） She received a diamond ring. 她收到了一枚钻石戒指。earthquake n. 地震 （复数：earthquakes） an earthquake 一次地震An earthquake happened in Sichuan yesterday. 昨天四川发生了一次地震。sudden adj. 突然 suddenly adv. 突然地= all of a sudden Tom rushed out of the classroom suddenly /all of a sudden.汤姆突然冲出了教室。= Suddenly, he rushed out of the classroom. Suddenly, it began to rain. 突然填空开始下雨了。= It began to rain suddenly/ all of a sudden.bell n. 钟（声）；玲（声）（复数：bells）When the bell rings, most of the students will run out of the classroom. biscuit n. 饼干（复数：biscuits）cookie n. 曲奇饼（复数：cookies）Canadian adj. 加拿大的；加拿大人的 n. 加拿大人（复数：Canadians）Canada n. 加拿大（国家） 加拿大的语言：English musical adj. 音乐的（定语），有音乐天赋的（可定语可表语） musical instruments 乐器 Learning a musical instrument is good for you. 学习一种乐器对你来说有好处。The little boy is musical. 这个小男孩有音乐天赋。= He is a musical little boy. He was born in a musical family. 他出身在一个音乐世家。相关词：music 音乐 musician n. 音乐家instrument n. 仪器、工具、器械（复数：instruments）musical instruments 乐器 medical instruments 医疗器械by mistake 错误地、无意中 mistake ... for ... 误把...当作...I brought Tom’s book home by mistake. 我昨天误把汤姆的书带回家了。I mistook Tom for you just now. 我刚才误把汤姆当成你了。I mistook your book for mine and brought it home yesterday.我昨天误把你的书当我的带回家了。divide v. 分开、分散 divide... into... 把...分成....It’s a good idea to divide your rubbish into plastic, glass, paper and so on before throwing it away. 扔垃圾前把它们分成塑料、玻璃和纸等等是一个好主意。Please divide the passage into 3 parts. 请把这篇文章分为三个部分。not only...but also... 不仅......而且......连接两个相同的成分（连接两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等）Not only I but also she likes English . （谓语动词就近原则）He is not only tall but also handsome. 他不仅高而且帅。She likes not only English but also Chinese. 她不仅喜欢英语还喜欢中文。I can not only play tennis but also play basketball. 我不仅会打网球，还会打篮球。They go to Beijing not only in winter but also in summer. 他们不仅冬天去北京，夏天也去。not only 放于句首时，后面的句子要倒装。Not only can he speak English, but also he can speak French. 他不仅会说英语，而且会说法语。=He can not only speak English but also speak French.look up to 钦佩、仰慕、尊重；抬头看We should look up to our teachers. 我们应该尊敬我们的老师。I really look up to Yuan Longping. 我真的非常钦佩袁隆平。I’m so short that I have to look up to people when we are talking. 我太矮以致于跟人们交谈时必须仰头看他们。look相关短语： look at sb/sth看着某人/某物 look out 当心、小心；向外看look forward to sth/ doing sth 期盼某事、期盼做某事 look through 浏览、快速查看look down on/ upon sb/ sth 看不起某人/物、轻视某人/物 look sb in the eye 正视、直视某人Please look me in the eye. 请直视我的眼睛。I’m looking forward to your reply. 我正期盼你的答复。Trust yourself. No one looks down on you. 相信自己。没有人瞧不起你。Don’t look down on this kind of work. 不要瞧不起这种工作。Look at the picture on page 3. 看到第三页的那张图片。the Olympics = the Olympic games 奥林匹克运动会（做主语，谓语用单复数均可）The Olympics is/ are held once every four years. 奥运会每四年举办一次。hero n. 英雄；男主角（heroes）We are proud of the national heroes. 我们为民族英雄感到自豪。The hero of the film is a ten-year-old boy. 这部电影的男主角是一个小男孩。Unit7 Words and Expressionslicense（=licence） n. 证件（复数：licenses）If you don’t have a driver’s license, you mustn’t drive on the road. 如果你没有驾照，你就不准开车上路。safety n. 安全；安全性（不可数名词）for safety 为了安全起见 the safety of ......的安全（性） in safety= safely 安全地We should care more about our safety. 我们应该多在意我们的安全。Customers now care more about the safety of food. 顾客们现在更加在意食品的安全性了。 Safety comes first. 安全第一。They crossed the road in safety/ safely. 他们安全地穿过了马路。We should take the villagers to another place for safety. 为了安全起见，我们应该把村民带去另一个地方。smoke v. 吸烟；冒烟 n. 烟vi. 吸烟、冒烟It’s difficult for people to give up smoking. 对人们来说戒烟很难。Don’t smoke in the hospital. 不要在医院吸烟。The volcano is smoking. 那座火山正在冒烟。We’re not allowed to smoke at school. 我们不被允许在学校抽烟。vt. 吸、抽、熏制My grandpa used to smoke a pack of cigarettes every day. 我祖父过去每天抽一包烟。Let’s smoke the meat. 让我们把肉熏制一下吧。n. 烟（不可数名词）The room is full of smoke. 这个房间里满是烟。part-time adj.& adv 兼职（的） 反义词：full-time 全职的、全日制的adj. 兼职的I want to get a part-time job. 我想做兼职。adv. 兼职Many college students work part-time to make some money.许多大学生做兼职来挣一些钱。pierce v. 扎、刺破；穿透 get one’s ears pierced 扎耳洞= have one’s ears piercedpierce one’s heart/ skin 刺穿某人的心脏/ 皮肤 The pin pierced his skin. 针刺穿了他的皮肤。 The balloon was pierced just now. 这个气球刚才被扎破了。He pierced the tomato with a fork. 他用叉子把西红柿扎破了。Students shouldn’t get their ears pierced. 学生们不应该扎耳洞。earring n. 耳环、耳饰（复数：earrings）a pair of earrings一副耳环 two pairs of earrings 两副耳环I like her earrings. 我喜欢她的耳环。tiny adj. 极小的；微小的tiny 强调特别小；small指体积、面积、数量等小或少；little 多指“小巧的”，“年幼的”带有情感色彩，含有喜爱、怜悯之意，此外，还指数量极少。She wears a pair of tiny earrings. 她到了一副极小的耳环。Look at the little boy. 看那个小男孩。I have a cute little dog. 我有一只可爱的小狗。（喜爱）There is little food in the fridge. Let’s buy some. 冰箱里几乎没有食物了，让我们去买一些吧。The room is too small. 这个房间太小了。（体积小）There are a small number of students in the library. 图书馆有少量的学生。 It’s a small country. 它是一个小国家。（国土面积小）cry vi. 哭、喊叫 cry for help 呼救I never cry. 我从不哭。 He always makes me cry. 他总是让我哭。He cried to people for help. 他大声地向人们呼救。She is too sad to stop crying. 她太难过了以致于哭得停不下来。 n. 哭、叫喊（复数：cries）Did you hear the cries for help? 你听见那些呼救的声音了吗？Did you hear a cry of a baby? 你有听到一个婴儿啼哭的声音吗？field n. 田野；场地；领域（复数：fields）in the field(s) 在田野上 in the field of 在......的领域There are many flowers in the fields. 在田野上有许多的花。People are working in the fields. 人们正在田间劳作。He has a great success in the field of chemistry. 他在化学领域取得了巨大的成功。He has a lot of knowledge in the field of science. 他在科学领域学识渊博。He is famous in the field of music. 他在音乐界是出名的。hug n&v 拥抱n. 拥抱（复数：hugs） give sb a hug 给某人一个拥抱vt. 拥抱 hug- hugged- hugged- hugging My mom hugged me after I won the first prize. 在我获得一等奖后，我妈妈拥抱了我。They hugged each other. 他们拥抱着彼此。lift v. 举起、抬高 n. 电梯；搭便车vt. 举起、抬高 lift up 举起（动副结构）He is strong enough to lift the big box. 他足够强壮能搞扛起这个大箱子。He lifted the big box up.= He lifted up the big box. 他把这个大箱子扛起来了。He lifted it up. 他把它扛起来了。n. 电梯（复数：lifts）You can take the lift to go up and down. 你可以坐电梯上下楼。It’s on the seventh floor. So, let’s take the lift. n. 搭便车：give sb a liftI can give you a lift after work. 下班后我可以载你一程。badly adv. 严重的= seriously；差(bad的副词）；非常He hurt himself badly in the accident. 他在那场事故中受伤很严重。Tom was badly ill so he couldn’t go to school. 汤姆病得很严重，所以他没能去学校。I want to see my mom badly. 我非常想见我的妈妈。I need some help badly. 我非常需要一些帮助。do badly in 在某方面做得差（反义：do well in 在某方面做得好） He did badly in his exams again. 他考试又考得很差。talk back（后常接介词to，引出顶嘴的对象） 回嘴、顶嘴 shout back（to sb） 吼回去back相关短语：look back 回顾 take back 取回 be/come back 回来 go back 回去call back 回电话 put back 放回原处 give back 归还awful adj. 糟糕的、很坏的；讨厌的It’s awful to talk loudly in public. 在公共场合大声说话是很讨厌的。We have to put off the sports meeting because of the awful weather. 因为坏天气，我们不得不推迟运动会。The film is awful. 这部电影糟糕透了。I had an awful day at school. 我在学校度过了糟糕的一天。I can’t stand London anymore. It’s an awful place.我再也忍受不了伦敦了。真是个糟糕的地方。We are shocked about the awful news. 我们都为这个坏消息感动震惊。相关词：awfully adv. 极其、非常 She is awfully clever. 她极其聪明。I am awfully sorry to trouble you. 我非常抱歉麻烦到你。teen n. 青少年（是teenager的缩写，复数：teens）Teens/ Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. regret v&n 感到遗憾；懊悔vt. 感到遗憾、懊悔 regret- regretted- regretted- regrettingregret sth 后悔某事 regret doing sth 后悔做了某事（已做） regret to do sth 对接下来要做的事感到遗憾（未做），通常用regret to tell/ sayregret that+ 从句 后悔....I never regret the decision to be a teacher. 我从来没有后悔当老师的决定。I really regret that I didn’t study hard before. 我真的后悔之前没有努力学习。I regret that I talked back to my mom. 我后悔之前跟妈妈顶嘴了。I regret telling you the truth. 我后悔告诉了你真相。I regret talking back to my parents before. 我后悔之前跟我父母顶嘴。I really regret to tell you that you didn’t pass the exam.我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过这次考试。n. 懊悔（复数：regrets）poem n. 诗歌（指具体的一首首的诗歌，可数名词，复数：poems） a poem 一首诗 two poems 两首诗相关词：poetry n. 诗歌（指诗歌的总称或诗歌这种体裁，不可数名词）poet n. 诗人（复数：poets）Li Bai was a great poet. He was good at poetry and he was famous for his poems. 李白是一个伟大的诗人。他擅长诗歌，并且以他作的诗而闻名。community n. 社区；社团（复数：communities） in the community 在社区Here are only ten houses in the community. 这个社区只有十栋房子。keep away from 避免接近、远离（同义短语： be away from / stay away from）We should keep away from danger. 我们应该远离危险。Parents hope their children can keep away from mobile phones. 父母们希望孩子们能远离手机。If you don’t keep away from the dog, you might be bitten.你不离这条狗远点，你就可能被咬。使某人远离：keep sb away from You should keep him away from dangerous buildings. 你应该让他远离危险的建筑物。Parents should keep their children away from mobile phones. 父母应该让他们的孩子远离手机。chance n. 机会（复数：chances)by chance 碰巧地、偶然= by accident no chance 没有机会；没有可能、不可能have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事= have a chance of doing sth It’s a good chance to do sth. 这是做某事的好机会。I have a chance to work in a big company. 我有一个去大公司工作的机会。= I have a chance of working in a big company.I met her on the street by chance just now. 刚才在街上我恰巧碰到了她。He has moved away, so I have no chance to see him again.他搬走了所以我再也不可能见到他了。There is no chance to say sorry to him. 没有机会跟他说抱歉了。It’s a good chance to learn from them. 这是一个跟他们学习的好机会。I’ll go to the party because it’s a good chance to meet more people. 我会去那次派对，因为那是一个认识更多人的好机会。make one’s own decision 自己做决定I think I’m old enough to make my own decision. 我认为我足够大了可以自己做决定了。educate v. 教育；教导 educator n. 教育者、教育家 education n. 教育（不可数名词）educate sb to do sth 教育某人做某事 educate sb about sth 关于某事教育某人Kids should be educated to know what they should or shouldn’t do. 孩子们应该被教育去了解他们应该做什么或不应该做什么。Teens should be educated to be polite to others. 青少年们应该被教导对他人要有礼貌。Students are always educated to follow the rules. 学生们总是被教育要遵守规则。 Our parents always educate us about our safety. 我们的父母总是在安全方面教育我们。My mom educated me about my carelessness. 我妈妈关于我的粗心这件事教导了我。manage v. 完成（困难的事）；应付（困难局面）manage sth 完成、应付某事 manage to do sth 设法做成某事（经过努力达成目标，含有成功之意）Thanks for your kindness. I can manage the problems. 谢谢你的好意。我可以应付这些困难。I can manage to solve the problems. 我可以解决这些问题。Tom managed to enter a good university. 汤姆努力地考上了一个好大学。He managed to achieve his dream in the end. 最终他成功地实现了他的梦想。The work was hard, but we managed to finish it on time. 这个工作很难，但是我们按时地完成了它。v. 经营、管理、负责（公司、队伍、组织等）manager n. 经理、经营者 management n. 管理、经营（不可数名词）Tom is good at management. He is the manager of a big company and he manages it well.汤姆擅长管理。他是一个大公司的经理，并且他把公司管理得很好。society n. 社会（复数：societies） in society 在社会上 social adj. 社会的social work/ activities/ organizations 社会性工作/ 社会活动/ 社会组织We will meet all kinds of people in society. 在社会上我们会遇到各种各样的人。In most Asian societies, it’s not common for teenagers to move out. 在大多数的亚洲社会中，青少年搬出去是不常见的。get in the way of 挡.......的路；妨碍（后接名词、代词、动名词）= be in the way of = be in one’s wayPlaying computer games can get in the way of your study. 打电子游戏会妨碍你的学习。support v. &n. 支持vt. 支持support sb 支持某人 support sb in sth/ doing sth 在某事上支持某人、在做某事上支持某人support sb with sth 用某物支持某人We all support you. 我们都支持你。vt. 资助、援助、赡养The old man supported many poor children during his life.这个老人在一生中资助了许多穷孩子。n. 支持（不可数名词）Our parents always stand by our sides and give us support. 父母总是在我们身边给我们支持。 enter vt. 进来、进去= go into =come intoI saw him enter the classroom just now. 我刚才看见他进入了教室。Please enter the classroom. 请进入教室。vt. 考上（学校或大学）Tom managed to enter a good university. 汤姆努力地考上了一个好大学。（3）名词：entrance （通道的）入口 exit （通道的）出口choice n. 选择（复数：choices） choose v. 选择make a choice/ choices 做出选择 have no choice but to do sth 除了做某事别无选择It’s a good choice for sb to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是一个好的选择。例句：She makes careful choices when buying shoes. 在买鞋时她总是作出仔细的挑选。You should make a choice now. 你现在应该做出一个选择了。It’s difficult for me to make a choice between the two skirts. They are both nice.在这两条裙子之间做出一个选择对我来说太难了。它们都很不错。We have no choice but to work hard. 我们没有选择，只能努力工作。We have no choice but to turn back. 我们没有选择，只能回去。He has no choice but to do housework in person. 他别无选择只能亲自做家务。stay by one’s side 在某人身边，不离某人左右 be on one’s side 站在某人一边，和某人观点一致I will stay by your side forever. 我会永远陪你你身边。（强调位置关系）I will be on your side forever . 我会一直站在你这一边。（表示支持某人、赞同某人）get +宾语+宾补（get 此时是使役动词，意为“使、让”；此处的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式to do、现在分词、过去分词）get+宾语+adj （使进入某种状态、情况）His words always get me angry. 他的话总是让我生气。Get the money ready. 把钱准备好。Don’t get your dress dirty. 不要把你的裙子弄脏了。Please get your room tidy and clean. 请让你的房间变得干净整洁。get+宾语+adv （here, there, home）We should find a way to get him home. 我们应该找到一个办法来让他回家。Let me get you home/there/ here. 让我带你回家/去那里/到这里。get+宾语+介词短语We need to get the ball into the other team’s basket. 我们需要使球进入到另一个队伍的篮框里。I will get all of my friends to my party. 我会让我所有的朋友都来我的派对。get+宾语+to do（表示动作未发生、强调未来）I will get my father to help me. 我要让我的爸爸来帮助我。I can’t get my father to change his mind. 我没法让我爸爸改变主意。I finally got my daughter to do her homework. 最终，我还是成功地让我的女儿去写作业了。get+宾语+ving （表示主动、正在进行）He got his bike running very fast. 他骑自行车骑得飞快。He got the kite flying high in the sky. 他使风筝在天上飞得很高。get+宾语+过去分词（表示被动）I want to get my ears pierced. 我想扎耳洞。I have got my homework done. 我已经做完作业了。He got his car washed. 他洗了车。He got his hand broken. 他弄伤了手。You should get your hair cut. 你应该剪头发了。make sure 确保；弄清楚、查明make sure (that) + 从句 确保......; 务必......You’d better make sure that you have locked the door. 你最好确保已经锁了门了。We must make sure that everyone knows the news. 我们必须确保每个人都知道这个消息了。make sure to do sth 确保/务必做某事Make sure to complete the work on time. 确保按时完成工作。Make sure to lock the door when you leave. 当你离开的时候，务必锁好门。（3）make sure of sth 确保某事；弄清楚某事You must make sure of our safety. 你必须确保我们的安全。If you need to go to a party, you must make sure of the time an place. 如果你需要去一个派对，你就必须弄清楚时间和地点。区别：be sure + 从句 肯定/确信....... I’m sure that my answer is right. 我确信我的答案是对的。I’m not sure whether my answer is right or not. 我不确定我的答案是不是对的。I’m sure he will win the game. 我肯定他会赢得比赛。Are you sure that he will win? 你确信他会赢吗？be sure of/ about sth 肯定/确信I’m sure of my answer. 我确信我的答案（是对的）。I’m sure of winning the game. 我肯定会赢得那场比赛的。be sure to do sth 一定/肯定做某事He is sure to help us. 他一定会帮助我们的。He is sure to be back soon. 他一定会很快回来的。Be sure to do sth 务必做某事Be sure to remember it. 务必要记得这件事。Be sure to call us when you arrive. 当你到达的时候，务必要打电话给我们。agree v. 同意（反义词：disagree）（1）agree with sb 同意某人的观点I agree with you. 我同意你的观点。I agree with your opinion/ idea. 我同意你的观点/想法。I agree with what you said. 我同意你说的话。agree to sth 同意建议、提议、计划或安排I agree to your plan. 我同意你的计划。I agree to your suggestions/ advice. 我赞同你的建议。（3）agree on sth 就某事达成一致We agreed on the price yesterday. 我们昨天对价格达成了一致。We agreed on the time and place for the meeting. 我们就会议的时间和地点达成了一致。（4）agree to do sth （在劝说下）同意做某事He finally agreed to help us.他最终同意了帮助我们。He agreed to go with us. 他同意和我们一起去了。（5）agree that+从句 同意、赞同........I agree that students should be allowed to watch TV on weekends.我对于学生们在周末应该被允许看电视这件事表示赞同。Unit 8 Words and Expressionswhose adj.&pron. 谁的（询问物品的所属关系）adj. 谁的（后接名词，对形物代或名词所有格进行提问）It’s my book. It’s Bob’s book. 对划线处提问：Whose book is it? 这是谁的书？pron. 谁的某物（后不再接名词，对名物代或名词所有格提问）This book is mine/ Bob’s. 对划线处提问：Whose is this book? 谁的书是这本书？picnic n. 野餐（复数：picnics）短语：have a picnic 野餐 at the picnic 在野餐中 go to a picnic= go for a picnic= go on a picnic去野餐We are having a picnic now. 我们现在正在野餐。How about going to a picnic tomorrow? 明天去野餐怎么样？He was the only little kid at the picnic. 他是那次野餐中唯一的一个小男孩。There are 5 people at the picnic. 这次野餐中有5个人。attend v. 出席、参加（正式用语，主要指作为观众去参加、出席一些正式的场合，如会议、婚礼、典礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听讲座、听报告、听音乐会等）attend the meeting 出席会议 attend the wedding 参加婚礼 attend the school opening ceremony 参加学校开学典礼 attend the burial 参加葬礼attend the class 上课 attend the school 上学 attend the concert 出席音乐会attend the speech 参加演讲 attend the report 听报告 attend the lecture 参加讲座I attended a meeting this morning. 今天早上我参加了一个会议。区别：join “加入”：join + 组织、团体、机构：指加入某组织，成为其中的一员join + sb ：指加入到某些人当中，成为其中的一员join the army 参军 join the Party 入党 join the League 入团I want to join the music club. 我想加入英语俱乐部。He joined the school basketball team two years ago. 两年前他加入了学校篮球队。Come and join us. 快来加入我们吧。join in “参加”：参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等小型活动，且常指参加时活动正在进行中。Can I join in the game? 我可以加入到游戏中来吗？take part in “参加”：参加群众性活动，并在其中发挥积极作用。I want to take part in the sports meeting. 我想参加运动会。Tom took part in yesterday’s football game and successfully lead their team to victory. 汤姆参加了昨天的足球比赛并且成功地带领他们队走向了胜利。valuable adj. 贵重的；很有用的；宝贵的（比较级加more，最高级加most）（可以指具体的物品很贵，也可以指抽象的宝贵）Is there anything valuable in your schoolbag? 在你书包里有什么贵重物品吗？He has collected many valuable watches. 他已经收集了许多贵重的手表了。Health is the most valuable. 健康是最宝贵的。Thanks for your valuable advice. 感谢你宝贵的建议。I think health is more valuable than wealth. 我认为健康比财富更宝贵。There are many valuable things in the museum. So please be careful when you are there. pink adj. 粉红色的 & n. 粉色I like pink. 我喜欢粉色。 Pink is my favorite color. 粉色是我最喜欢的颜色。The skirt is pink. 这条裙子是粉色的。= It is a pink skirt. only adj. 唯一的、仅有的He is the only boy in my family. 他是我们家里唯一的男孩子。I have only one friend. 我只有一个朋友。adv. 仅仅、只I only slept half an hour last night. 昨晚我只睡了半个小时。I am only weak in English. 我只在英语方面比较差。注意：当only放于句首，且后面接adv、介词短语、状语从句时，其后的句子用全倒装。但如果only放于句首，后面接的是名词或代词，则不倒装。Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有用这种方法我才能学好英语。Only through hard work can you be successful. 只有通过努力的工作你才能成功。Only yesterday did we have a party. 只有昨天我们举办了派对。Only there can we see special robots. 只有在那里我们才能看到特别的机器人。Only after you finish your homework can you watch TV. 你只有完成了家庭作业才能看电视。Only he can do it well. 只有他能做好这件事。（only后是代词，不倒装）noise n. 声音、噪音（泛指噪音：不可数；具体的某种噪音声响：可数）制造噪音：make noise /make a noise /make noisesDon’t make any noise. 不要弄出任何的声响。Don’t make a noise in the library. 不要在图书馆制造出噪音。We hear strange noises outside our windows every night. 我们每晚都听到窗外的各种奇怪声响。区别：Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。Did you hear the strange sounds from the kitchen? 你听到厨房里的奇怪声响了吗？I like her sweet voice. 我喜欢她甜美的嗓音。She always speaks in a loud voice. 她总是说话很大声。What if = What will happen if 倘若......怎么办What if it rains tomorrow? 倘若明天下雨怎么办？What if he doesn’t agree? 他要是不同意怎么办？What if he comes back soon? 倘若他很快就会回来那怎么办？policeman n. 男警察（复数：policemen）policewoman n. 女警察（复数：policewomen）police n. 警察（集合名词，前面常加定冠词the, 作主语时谓语动词用复数）If we are in trouble, we can call the police for help. 如果我们有困难，可以打电话给警察寻求帮助。The police are chasing a thief. 警察正在追逐一个小偷。wolf n. 狼（复数：wolves）Wolves look like big dogs. 狼看起来像体型大的狗。outdoors adv. 在户外、在野外 outdoor adj. 户外的、野外的Let’s go outdoors to enjoy the fresh air. 让我们去户外享受新鲜空气吧。We have to live outdoors tonight. 今晚我们不得不住在户外了。We can do some outdoor activities on weekends. 在周末我们可以做些户外活动。coat n. 外套、外衣（复数：coats）a thin coat 一件薄外套 a thick coat 一件厚外套sleepy adj. 困倦的；瞌睡的Look at the sleepy dog. 看那只困倦的狗。 I am/ feel sleepy now. 我现在很困。相关词：I didn’t sleep well last night because of too much noise. 昨晚我没睡好，因为有太多的噪音。I didn’t go to sleep until 11:00 last night. 直到昨晚11点我才睡着。= I didn’t fall asleep until 11:00 last night.It’s a little late. You should go to bed now. 有点晚了，你现在该去睡觉了。Keep quiet. Tom is sleeping. 保持安静。汤姆正在睡觉。=Keep quiet. Tom is asleep. 保持安静。汤姆是睡着的。land v. 着陆；降落；使...降落，使...着陆A UFO is landing. 一个不明飞行物正在降落。The plane landed just now. 刚才那架飞机着陆了。We must land the plane now, or we will be in danger. 我们现在必须要使飞机着陆了,不要我们就会有危险。In the end, the pilot successfully landed the plane. 最终，那个飞行员成功地使飞机着陆了。n. 陆地、土地（不可数名词）on land 在陆地上 We humans live on land. 我们人类生活在陆地上。by land 通过陆运 by sea 通过海运 by air 通过空运 = by planerun after 追逐、追赶= chaseI saw a dog running after a cat just now. 我刚才看见有只狗正在追赶一只猫。The man is running after the bus. 那个人正在追赶公交车。Don’t run after each other in the hallways. 不要在走廊上互相追逐。suit n. 西装、套装（复数：suits）The man is wearing a suit. 这个男人穿着一套西服。v. 合适： sth suit sb well/fine 某物非常适合某人This red skirt suits you well. 这条红裙子非常适合你。suitable adj. 合适的（表示某人、某物、某种情况具有合适性，表示衣物时指颜色、款式等合适） be suitable for ......适合.......I think it’s not the suitable time to call him. 我想这不是打给他的合适的时间。The toy is not suitable for young children. 这个玩具不适合小孩子。He is suitable for the job. 他很适合那个工作。This red skirt is suitable for you. 这条红裙子很衬你。Which can be a suitable title for this passage? 哪一个是适合这篇文章的标题？It’s not suitable to ask others such questions. 问别人这种问题是不恰当的。fit adj. 合适的（表示能力、素质、技能等方面适合，表示衣物时指尺寸、大小等合适）be fit for ......适合.......He is fit for the job. 他很适合那个工作。This pair of shoes is not fit for me. Do you have a larger one? 这双鞋不太适合我，你有没有大一点的鞋？express v. 表达、表示 expression n. 表情、表达、表示（复数：expressions）express sth 或 express + 疑问词引导的宾语从句 表达...... express sth to sb 向某人表达某物 express oneself 表达某人自己的 This poem expresses the writer’s love for nature. 这首诗表达了作者对大自然的爱。I don’t know how to express my feelings. 我不知道怎么表达我的感受。I can’t express how happy I am now. 我无法表达我现在有多么的开心。I want to express my thanks to you. 我想向你表示感谢。She is so brave. She dares to express herself in public. 她太勇敢了。她敢在公众面前表达自己的想法。at the same time （1）同时；一起We said hello to each other at the same time when we met this morning. 今天早上我们碰面时，同时跟对方说了hello。I saw Bob and Lucy raise their hands at the same time. 我看见汤姆和露西同时举起了手。He can ride and talk at the same time. 他可以一边骑车一边说话。You can’t do many things at the same time. 你不可能同时做许多事情。（2）带有转折意味：与此同时He is impolite sometimes but at the same time he is kind. 他有时不礼貌，但与此同时他又是善良的。We are always tired with our study, but at the same time we are happy with it. 我们总是因为学习而感到疲劳，但与此同时我们也是开心的。circle n. 圆圈（复数：circles）He drew a circle on the wall. 他在墙上画了一个圆。v. 圈出 circle sth 圈出某物Listen and circle the words you hear. 听并且圈出你听到的单词。mystery n. 奥秘；神秘事物（复数：mysteries）Here are different kinds of mysteries in the world. 世界上有各种不同的谜团。Stonehenge is one of the greatest mysteries in Britain. 巨石阵是英国的最大谜团之一。receive v. 收到receive 指客观上实际收到了某物 receive sth from sb 收到某人的某物receive a letter from sb = get a letter from sb = hear from sb 收到某人的来信 accept 指主观上接受某物I received a gift from Tom, but I didn’t accept it. I returned it to him. 我收到了汤姆的礼物，但是我没有接受。我把它还给他了。（2）v. 接待Our restaurant received 0ver 200 people today. 我们餐厅今天接待了200多人。The Great Wall receives plenty of visitors every year. 长城每年都会接待许多游客。historian n. 历史学家（复数：historians）相关词：history n. 历史 historical adj. 历史的、历史有关的temple n. 寺庙、神殿、庙宇（复数：temples）temple fairs 庙会 Temple of Heaven 天坛 medical adj. 医疗的；医学的 medical care 医疗护理 medical treatments 医学治疗 medical instruments 医疗器械He is a medical student. 他是一个医学生。He works at a medical school. 他在一个医科学校工作。相关词：medicine n. 药（不可数名词） take medicine 吃药You should take the medicine three times a day. 你应该吃这些药一天三次。purpose n. 目的、目标（复数：purposes）the purpose of ......的目的 on purpose 故意地（反义词：by accident=by chance偶然地）The purpose of the activity is to help students with their study. 这个活动的目的就是在学生们的学习方面帮助他们。Different activities have different purposes. 不同的活动有不同的目的。What’s the purpose of his visit? 他的来访有什么目的？ She did it on purpose. 她是故意这么做的。Tom took my new watch away on purpose. 汤姆故意把我的新手表拿走了。prevent v. 阻止、阻挠 prevent sth 阻止某事 prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事= stop sb (from) doing sth= keep sb from doing sthWe should do something to prevent the disease from spreading. 我们应该做点什么来阻止疾病的传播。Nothing can prevent accidents. 没有什么能阻止意外事故的发生。Someone thought Stonehenge could prevent illness. 有人认为巨石阵能阻止疾病。energy n. 精力、力量；能源、能量（不可数名词）be full of energy 精力充沛的Teenagers are always full of energy. 青少年们总是精力充沛。Plants take the energy from the sun. 植物吸收来自太阳的能量。We should save the energy on the earth. 我们应该节约地球上的能源。相关词：energetic adj. 精力充沛的、充满活力的I like music that is loud and energetic. 我喜欢那种大声的充满活力的音乐。Teens are energetic. They never get tired. 青少年们是精力充沛的。他们绝不会感到疲劳。position n. 位置；地方；职位 （复数：positions）the position of ......的位置 take one’s position 取代某人的位置 in position 就位、在合适的位置 out of position 不在合适的位置上The bed used to be in this position. 床过去是在这个位置上的。Since everyone is in position, let’s start our meeting.既然所有人都就位了，那我们就开始会议吧。He has got a position in a bank. 他已经在一家银行找到一份工作（获得一个职位）。No one can take your position in my heart. 没有人能取代你在我心中的位置。One of the chairs in out of position. Put it back in position. 有把椅子的位置不对。把它放回原位。She is standing out of position. 她没有站在对的位置上。honor n. 荣耀、荣誉、荣幸 （泛泛而谈为不可数名词，但指具体的一件荣幸、荣耀的事时是可数名词）It’s my honor to do sth. 做某事是我的荣幸。It’s a great honor for sb to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是极大的荣幸。It’s my honor to be here and give you a speech. 站在这里给你们做演讲是我的荣幸。It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give you a speech.站在这里给你们做演讲是我的荣幸。（2）v. 尊重；表示敬意；纪念We should honor our national heroes. 我们应该尊敬我们的民族英雄。We should honor the old people. 我们应该尊敬老人。We celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival to honor Qu Yuan. 我们庆祝端午节是为了纪念屈原。= We celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in honor of Qu Yuan. victory n. 胜利；成功（通常指战争、游戏、竞赛中的胜利）（泛指胜利，不可数；具体的一次次胜利，可数）He can lead us to victory. 他可以带领我们走向胜利。We won a victory in yesterday’s football game. 在昨天的足球比赛中我们赢得了一次胜利。enemy n. 敌人；仇人（一个仇人：an enemy 许多敌人： many enemies）period n. 一段时间；时期（复数：periods）lastadj. 上一次的、最近一次的last night 昨晚 last year 去年 last week 上周 last month 上个月 last June 去年六月adv. 上一次、最近一次When did you last meet him? 你最近一次碰到他是什么时候？Where did you last put it? 你最近一次把它放在哪里了？anybody = anyone 在否定句、疑问句、if 引导的条件状语从句、if/whether引导的宾语从句中，代替somebody或someone, 意为“某人、某些人”。Does anyone study English by watching English movies?有人通过看英语电影学习英语的吗？If anyone knows the answer, please raise your hand. 如果有人知道答案，请举手。There isn’t anyone in the classroom. 教室里没有人。I’ll call them to check if anyone finds my book. 我会打电话核对是否有人发现了我的书。在肯定句中，表示“任何人、任意哪个人”This math problem is so easy. Anyone in my class knows the answer. 这道数学题太简单了，我们班上任意一个人都知道答案。happening n. 事件、事情（常指不同寻常的事情，复数：happenings）They often share some happenings of the day while eating. 在吃饭的时候，他们经常分享一些当天发生的不同寻常的事件。There is a strange happening in my neighborhood. 在我的小区有一件怪事。belong to 属于（无进行时态、无被动语态）sth belong to sb 某物属于某人 sb belong to + 组织团体机构 某人是......当中的一员This book belongs to me. 这本书属于我。= This book is mine.The truck belonged to Bob.这辆卡车过去属于鲍勃。= The truck was Bob’s.Lucy belongs to the school volleyball team. 露西是学校排球队的一员。= Lucy is in/ on the school volleyball team.Unit 9 Words and Expressionsprefer v. 更喜欢（相当于like...better） prefer- preferred- preferred（1）prefer sth 更喜欢某物（2）prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事（3）prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事（4）prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事（5）prefer A to B=like A better than B 比起B更喜欢A（6）prefer doing A to doing B = like doing A better than doing B 比起做B更喜欢做A（7）prefer to do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A，不愿做BI prefer coffee. 我更喜欢咖啡。I prefer to drink coffee. 我更喜欢喝茶。I prefer drinking coffee. 我更喜欢喝茶。I prefer my mom to punish me. 我宁愿我妈妈惩罚我。I prefer coffee to tea. = I like coffee better than tea. 比起茶我更喜欢咖啡。I prefer drinking coffee to drinking tea. = I like drinking coffee better than drinking tea.比起喝茶我更喜欢喝咖啡。I prefer to drink coffee rather than drink tea. = I would rather drink coffee than drink tea.我宁愿喝咖啡，不愿喝茶。lyrics n. 歌词（lyric的复数形式，表达中常用复数形式）I like music that has great lyrics. 我喜欢那些有很棒的歌词的歌。I like singers who write their own lyrics. 我喜欢那些自己写歌词的人。Australian adj. 澳大利亚（人）的 n. 澳大利亚人（单数：an Australian 复数：Australians）I have many Australian friends. 我有许多澳大利亚的朋友。They are Australians. 他们是澳大利亚人。国家：Australia 澳大利亚 They come from Australia. 他们来自澳大利亚。electronic adj. 电子的、电子设备的electronic music 电子音乐 electronic equipment 电子设备 electronic products 电子产品electronic mails 电子邮件 electronic games 电子游戏 electronic computers 电子计算机suppose v. 推断、料想、认为（有一定客观依据）（1）suppose+n/pron.+ (to be)+ n./adj. 认为......是......I suppose him (to be) about fifty. 我认为他大概50岁了。We all suppose Tom (to be) a rich man. 我们都认为他是个有钱人。I never suppose him (to be) a hero. 我从不认为他是一个英雄。（2）suppose + (that)+从句 猜测、认为.......I suppose that they will leave tomorrow. 我想他们明天将会离开。【注意】I / We suppose+宾从，若从句为否定句，否定应前移。I don’t suppose that they want to sell the house. 我认为他们不想卖这个房子。I don’t suppose that I know you. 我想我不认识你。（3）口语中：suppose 后也可接so 代替整个宾语从句。I suppose so. “ 我想是的。” I suppose not.或 I don’t suppose so. “ 我想不是的。”--- She is a famous movie star, right?她是个著名的电影明星对吗？ --- I suppose so. 我想是的 --- How about going camping tomorrow? 明天去露营怎么样？--- I suppose not, because I have a bad cold now. 我想不能，因为我现在得了重感冒。(4) be supposed to do sth 被期望做......；应该做......= be expected to do sth= should do sth e.g. Students are supposed to study hard. 学生们应该努力学习。 We are supposed to be quiet in the library. 我们应该在图书馆保持安静。We are not supposed to cheat in the exams. 我们不应该在考试中作弊。【注意】否定句在be动词后加not, 结构为be not supposed to do；变为疑问句时，将be动词提前。例如：You are supposed to do that.变否定：You are not supposed to do that.变疑问：Are you supposed to do that?【注意】当be动词是was/ were 时，was/ were suppose to do sth 表示“本应该做某事”, 而与实际情况不符。The train was supposed to arrive an hour ago. 火车本应在一个小时前就到达的。（实际现在才到）(5) It is supposed that... 据猜测......It is supposed that he will come back soon. 据猜测他很快就会回来。 It is supposed that he will pass the exam. 据猜测他会通过这次考试。 smooth adj. 悦耳的；平滑的smoothly adv. 流畅地、顺利地 smoothness n. 光滑（u.c.n.）Smooth music always makes my feel relaxed. 悦耳的音乐可以使我感到放松。I like her smooth voice. 我喜欢她悦耳动听的嗓音。He picked up some smooth stones. 他捡起了一些光滑的石头。Everything is smooth just now. 此时此刻，诸事顺利。I wish you a smooth journey. 祝你旅途顺利。That road is smooth. 那是一条平坦的路。Our path in life will not always be smooth. 我们的人生之路不会永远平坦。The sea is smooth. 海上风平浪静。Her skin is as smooth as silk. 她的皮肤和丝绸一样丝滑。Everything goes smoothly now. 一切都在顺利地进行着。He can speak English smoothly. 他可以很流利地说英语。spare （1）adj. 空闲的 in one’s spare time = in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间What do you often do in your spare/free time? 在你的空闲时间你通常做什么？I usually hang out with my friends in my spare/free time. 我通常在我空闲时间和朋友出去闲逛。（2）v. 抽出、腾出（时间或空间）spare sb sth= spare sth for sb. 为某人腾出某物spare time to do sth 腾出时间做某事We can only spare one room for you. 我只能给你们腾出一间房。Can you spare me some time? 你可以腾出一些时间给我吗？You should spare an hour every day to review your lessons. 你应该腾出时间来复习你的功课。director n. 导演；部门负责人（复数：directors）direct adj. 直接的 v. 指导、指路 direction n. 方向、方位；道路上的指引He is a famous director and has directed many good films. 他是一个著名的导演，并且已经指导了许多好电影。case （1）n. 箱、盒a pencil case 一个文具盒 bookcase 书柜 a case of beer 一箱啤酒 a case of apples 一箱苹果（2）n. 情况；实情in that case 既然那样, 假使那样的话--- He won’t come tonight. 他今晚将不会来了。--- In that case, I won’t wait any longer. 既然那样，我就不等了。They can’t offer me much money. In that case, I won’t take the job. 他们不会提供给我许多钱。既然那样，我就不会接受那份工作。--- I’m free at 7:00 p.m. 我晚上七点有空。--- In that case, let’s meet at 7:00 p.m. 既然那样，我们晚上七点见。拓展一：in this case 在这种情况下 in any case 不管怎样、无论如何 in no case 决不、无论如何都不（放于句首，要倒装）In this case, we should get together and help each other. 在这种情况下，我们应该团结起来互相帮助。In any case, I’ll try my best. 不管怎样，我会尽最大努力。In any case, I’ll tell him the truth/ I’ll take my camera. 不管怎样，我都会带我的相机。You should in no case tell her about it. 你决不应该告诉她那件事。In no case should you give up. 无论如何你都不应该放弃。In no case should you lend him any money. 无论如何你都不应该借钱给他。拓展二：in case 万一、以防万一（连词短语，连接两个句子） in case of 万一、以防万一......（后接名词或代词、动名词）Bring a map in case you get lost. 带上地图以防万一走丢。I have also sent you a book in case you need it. 我还已经寄了一本书给你以防万一你需要它。Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞以防万一下雨。You’d better take something to drink in case you are thirsty. 你最好带些喝的以防口渴。Take an umbrella in case of rain. 以防万一有雨，带上伞You’d better go to the hospital in case of illness. 万一生病，你最好去医院。In case of fire, walk quickly to the nearest door. 万一着火，快速走向最近的那道门。war n. 战争；战争状态（泛泛而谈战争，不可数；具体的一次次的战争，可数，复数:wars）We don’t like war. 我们不喜欢战争。We are for peace and against war. 我们支持和平，反对战争。There is a war between the two countries. 现在两国之间正有一场战争。stick （1）n. 木棍、拐杖My grandpa walks with a stick. 我爷爷走路要用拐杖。They want to collect sticks to make a fire. 他们想收集木棍来生火。 （2）v. 粘贴; 将……刺入 (stuck, stuck)stick sth on sth 把某物贴在某物上 stick sth into sth 把某物刺进/插入到某物里面 He stuck a stamp on the envelope. 他在信封上贴了一张邮票。Please stick the notice on the wall. 请把公告贴在墙上。We need to stick the flowers into a vase. 我们需要把花插进花瓶里。He stuck the knife into the potato. 他用刀刺进了土豆里。In China, it’s impolite to stick your chopsticks into the rice when you are eating. 在中国，当你正在吃饭时把筷子插进饭里是不礼貌的。（3）stick to 坚持；固守 stick to sth. 坚持(立场、观点、原则、规则、决定、诺言、梦想等)stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事e.g. You should stick to taking exercise every morning.你应该每天早上坚持锻炼。Driving is simple if you stick to the rules. 如果你坚守交通规则，开车是很简单的。I’ve made my decision and I’m going to stick to it. 我已经做了决定并且我打算一直坚持它。down （1）adj. 悲哀; 沮丧（不能作定语） be down 是沮丧的 feel down 感动沮丧 let sb down 让某人失望 e.g. When he is down, he often listens to quiet and slow music. I won’t let my parents down. 我不会让我的父母失望的。adv. 向下（反义：up 向上）sit down 坐下 look down 向下看 turn down 音量调低；拒绝 die down 逐渐平息write down 记下、写下 put down 放下 cut down 砍倒 fall down 跌倒、倒塌（3）prep. 沿着......向下go/walk down the street 沿着街走 walk down the hill 走下小山坡13、dialog= dialogue n. 对白、对话（泛泛而谈不可数；具体的一次次对白对话，可数，复数: dialogs/dialogues） make up a dialog/dialogues 编对话14、ending n. 结局、结尾Although the movie has a bad ending, it’s also a good movie. 虽然那部有一个悲伤的结局，它仍然是一部好电影。 15、documentary n. 记录片（复数：documentaries）16、drama n. 戏；剧（复数：dramas）17、plenty of 大量的、许多的= lots of =a lot of 后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词的复数形式。Don’t worry! We have plenty of time. 别担心！我们还有许多时间。There are plenty of people in the room. 房间里有许多人。注意：plenty of + n. 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与名词的数保持一致。Plenty of students have joined the club. 许多学生加入了那个俱乐部。Plenty of work hasn’t been done. 许多工作还没有被做。shut v. 关闭; 关上= close (shut-shut-shut)adj. 关闭的、关上的= closedshut off 关闭; 停止运转（动副结构）= turn off Shut off the Internet. 断开互联网。 You should shut off the machine before leaving. 离开之前你应该关闭那台机器。 Shut up！ 闭嘴！19、superhero n. 超级英雄（复数：superheroes）20、once in a while （可放于句首、句末）= at times = sometimes = from time to time 偶尔、间或I visit my grandparents on weekends once in a while. 我偶尔周末去看我祖父母。= Once in a while, I visit my grandparents on weekends.intelligent adj. 有才智的，聪明的 intelligence n. 智力、智能He is intelligent. 他很聪明。He is a boy of high intelligence. 他是一个有高智商的男孩。Artificial intelligence is becoming more and more popular. 人工只能正在逐渐变得越来越流行。sense n&vv. 感觉到、意识到sense sth 感觉到某事 sense + 宾语从句 感觉到......They didn’t sense any danger. 他们没有感觉到任何危险。She can sense what her mom is thinking. 她能感觉到她妈妈正在想什么。When I listen to the song, I always sense a strong sadness and pain.当我听这首歌的时候，我总是能感到一种强烈的悲伤和痛苦。n. 官能（可数，复数：senses）People have five senses, sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. 人们有五感，视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉。He has a good sense of smell. 他有很好的嗅觉。a sense of taste/touch/hearing/sight 味觉/触觉/听觉/视觉 n. 感觉，常用单数。a sense of duty 责任感 a sense of humor 幽默感 a sense of direction 方向感 a sense of beauty 美感、审美感 a sense of justice 正义感 a sense of safety 安全感 n. 知觉、理智，常用复数。They throw cold water at him to bring him back to his senses. 他们向他泼冷水来让他恢复意识。We hope he will come to his senses and correct his mistakes. 我们希望他将变得有理智并且改正他的错误。n. 见识、道理（不可数）common sense 常识 make sense 有道理、讲道理Sense comes with age. 老马识途。We should know more common sense. 我们应该了解更多的常识。The sentence doesn’t make sense. 这个句子完全读不通。sadness n. 悲伤、伤痛（不可数名词）sad adj. 悲伤的 sadly adv. 悲伤地We should share happiness and sadness with each other. 我们应该同甘共苦。He lives a life with no sadness. 他过着一个无忧无虑的生活。I feel sad today. 我今天感觉很悲伤。It’s a sad story. 真是个悲伤的故事。He is crying sadly there. 他正在那里悲伤地哭泣。pain n. 痛苦、疼痛（既可指身体疼痛，也可指心理疼痛）泛指疼痛，不可数；in great pain 处于极大的痛苦中，在极大的疼痛中The bad tooth is giving me pain. 这个坏牙齿正在给我疼痛。He was crying with pain after he broke his arm. 在他摔破手臂之后他痛苦地哭泣着。I fell down and my leg was in great pain. 我摔倒了并且腿很痛。Tom is in great pain because her grandmother died last week. 汤姆沉浸在巨大的悲痛中，因为她奶奶上周去世了。特指身体某部位的痛或pain前有形容词修饰时，可数，常用单数。have a pain/ pains in + 部位 某部位痛I had a pain/ pains in my neck yesterday. 我昨天脖子疼。表示“努力、辛苦”，常用复数pains。No pains, no gains. 不劳而无获。He wrote this book with great pains. 他呕心沥血地写了这本书。We must give him something for his pains. 我们必须给他些什么来回报他的辛苦付出。painful adj. 令人疼痛的、令人痛苦的It’s painful (for sb) to do sth. 做某事(对于某人来说)很痛苦。Her shoulder is still painful. 她的肩膀仍然痛。I will never forget the painful experiences. 我将绝不会忘记那些痛苦的经历。It’s painful for me to do lots of homework. 要做太多家庭作业对我来说很痛苦。It’s painful to get up so early in the morning. 早上起床那么早真痛苦。reflect v. 反映、反射；You can write letters to reflect your own opinions. 你可以写信来反映你的真实想法。Many things can reflect the problems in our lives. 许多事物可以反映出我们生活中存在的问题。Glass can reflect light. 玻璃可以反射光。His actions reflect his thoughts. 他的行为反映出了他的想法。Jim’s sad look reflected his feeling. 吉姆悲伤的表情反映了他的感受。（2）v. 映出（常用被动语态）sth be reflected in sth 某物被映照在......里The mirror reflects my face. 这个镜子映照出我的脸。My face is reflected in the mirror. 我的脸被映在了镜子里。The trees are reflected in the lake. 那些树木被映在了湖里。26、moving adj. 令人感动的，动人的 moved adj. 感动的move v. 移动、搬家；打动、感动It’s a moving story. 这是一个动人的故事。= The story is moving.I was deeply moved by the film. 我被那部电影深深地感动到了。I want to move the desk. 我想要移动这个书桌。I will move to Beijing at the end of this month. 这个月底，我就要搬去北京了。He moved away. 他搬走了。perform v. 表演、执行 performer n. 表演者（复数：performers） performance n. 表演、表现（表现通常不可数）She is a good performer. She always performs well. I really love her performance. 她是一个好的表演者。她总是表演得很好。我真的很喜欢她的表演。I’m going to perform magic at the party. 我打算在派对上表演魔术。A computer can perform many tasks at the same time. 一台电脑可以同时执行多个任务。He has not performed well in his exams.他考试没考好。England performed so well in the football game. 在那场足球比赛中，英国队表现得非常好。 lifetime n. 一生、有生之年during/in one’s lifetime 在某人的一生当中 He made many great achievements during/in his lifetime. 在他一生当中他取得了许多伟大成就。He went to many different places during his lifetime. pity n. 遗憾、怜悯 v. 同情；怜悯n. 遗憾，常用单数。What a pity! = That’s a pity. 真可惜！真遗憾！It’s a pity that+从句 或 What a pity that ..... 真是遗憾It’s a pity that you can’t come to my birthday party. 你不能来我的生日派对真是太遗憾了。= What a pity that you can’t come to my birthday party.n. 同情、怜悯，不可数名词。feel pity for sb 同情某人 feel no pity for sb 不同情某人take pity on sb 同情某人Although he is poor, I still feel no pity for him. 虽然他很穷，但我仍然不同情他。（3） v. 同情；怜悯I pity her for her helplessness. 我因她的无助而同情她。total n. 总数；合计 in total= in all 共计；总共 the total of ......的总数 a total of ... 总共……How much will I pay in total? 我一共要付多少钱?The apples are 7 yuan and the book is 35 yuan, so the total is 42 yuan. 苹果是7元，书是35元，所以总数是42元。The total of the students in my class is 50. 我们班学生的总数是50人。In total, they spent 420 hours on the work. 他们总共花了420个小时在这个工作上。We have raised 5000 yuan in total. 我们总共已经筹集到五千元了。A total of thirteen meetings were held to discuss the problem. 总共召开了十三个会议来讨论这个问题。adj. 总的、全体的 totally adv. 彻底地、完全地His total income was 500000 yuan last year. 他去年总的收入是50万元。The total cost is 200 dollars. 总的花费是200 美元。The news comes as a total surprise. 消息来得太突然了。I totally agree with you. 我完全赞同你的观点。 I totally believe you. 我完全相信你的话。His answer is totally different from mine. 他的答案和我的完全不同。master n. 大师；能手；主人 He is a real master at painting. 在画画方面他是个真正的行家。She is a master of the English language. 她是一位英语高手。Dogs always be friendly to their masters. 狗狗们总是对他们的主人友好。v. 掌握To learn English well，we must master many words and phrases. 为了把英语学号，我们必须掌握许多的单词和短语。It’s not easy to master a foreign language. 要掌握一门外语不是一件易事。praise v. 表扬、赞扬praise sb for（doing）sth 因（做）某事而表扬某人Although Tom was wrong, his father praised him for telling the truth. 汤姆虽然错了，但是他的爸爸因为他说了实话而表扬了他。They praised her for her courage. 他们因为她的勇敢而赞扬了她。The teacher praised Tom for his good homework. 老师因为汤姆完成得好的作业而表扬了他。He praised his team for their performance.因为队员的表现，他表扬了他们。n. 表扬、赞扬（不可数名词；表示“赞扬的话”，用复数形式）give praise 给出表扬 receive praise 收到表扬 in praise of 赞美、称赞......win high praise from ... 得到……的高度赞扬be full of praise for ... 因……赞不绝口The teachers are full of praise for the progress he’s making. 老师因为他这段时间的进步对他赞不绝口。His latest book has won high praise from the fans. 他最近的书赢得了粉丝的高度赞扬。She wrote poems in praise of freedom. 她写诗来赞美自由。A child needs praise. 孩子需要夸奖。recall vt. 回忆起；回想起recall sth / doing sth 回想起某事/ 回想起做过某事recall + 宾语从句 回想起......I can’t recall his name. 我想不起他的名字了。I can’t recall meeting him before. 我想不起以前遇到过他。He recalled that his mom always came home late on weekdays. 他回想起他的妈妈工作日总是很晚回家。wound n. 伤、伤口、创伤（主要指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤、剑伤，特别指战争中、战斗中受的伤。也可指精神上的创伤） Show me your wound. 让我看看你的伤口。The nurse cleaned my wound. 护士清洗了我的伤口。That was a wound to the child's pride. 那是对孩子自尊心的伤害。He has a wound in his arm. 他的手臂上有一个伤口。v. 使（身体）受伤；伤害He has wounded me before. 他之前伤害过我。Unit 10 Words and Expressionscustom n. 风俗、习惯（复数：customs）the custom of doing sth 做某事的习俗It’s a/the custom for sb to do sth 做某事对于某人来说是风俗习惯。Different countries have different customs. 不同的国家有不同的风俗习惯。When you travel to other countries, please respect their customs. 当你去其他国家旅行时，请尊重他们的风俗习惯。There are many customs during the Spring Festival like no cleaning on the first day. 在春节期间有许多风俗，比如像第一天不打扫卫生。It’s a custom for Japanese to bow when they meet for the first time. 初次见面时鞠躬对于日本人来说是一个风俗习惯。bow v. & n. 鞠躬 vi. 弯腰、鞠躬 bow to sb 向某人鞠躬People in Korea are supposed to bow when they meet for the first time. 韩国的人们初次碰面时应该鞠躬。He bowed to me just now. 他刚才跟我鞠躬了。vt. 低头 bow one’s head 低下某人的头He bowed his head in shame. 他羞愧地低下了头。n. 鞠躬 take/give a bow 谢幕、鞠躬致谢Let’s take a bow. 让我们鞠躬致谢吧。kiss v. & n. 亲吻、接吻vt. 亲吻、接吻 kiss sb/sth 亲吻某人/某物 kiss sb on +部位 = kiss sb’s +部位= give sb a kiss on + 部位 “亲吻某人的某部位”He kissed me. 他亲吻了我。He kissed my mouth. 他亲吻了我的嘴巴。He kissed me on both sides of my face. = He kissed both sides of my face. = He gave a kiss on both sides of my face. 他亲吻了我脸两颊。n. 吻、亲吻 give sb a kiss 给某人一个吻 blow sb a kiss 给某人一个飞吻She gave her husband a kiss. 她给了他丈夫一个吻。Maria blew him a kiss. 玛利亚给了他一个飞吻。greet v. 和......打招呼、迎接= welcome or say hello to sb greeting n. 招呼、问候（复数：greetings）greet sb 跟某人打招呼；迎接某人greet sb with sth 以......跟某人打招呼；用......来迎接某人Tom greeted all the guests warmly. 汤姆热情地迎接了所有的客人。She greeted us with a big smile. 她微笑着和我们打招呼。We can greet each other with a nod. 我们可以点一下头来打招呼。He greeted me with a big hug. 他用一个大大的拥抱来迎接了我。He sent his greetings to you in the letter. 他在这封信里向你致以问候。She welcomed us with a cheerful greeting. 她兴高采烈地打招呼欢迎我们。with 作伴随状语，意为“具有、带有”，表示在进行一项动作的同时，还在进行另一个动作。with+宾语+adj. With the weather so cold, he wears very thick clothes. 天气非常寒冷，他穿着非常厚的外套。With the life so boring, she began to learn something interesting. 生活如此无聊，她开始学习一些有趣的东西。He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨里，衣服都湿了。He often sleeps with the windows open.他常开着窗睡觉。Don’t speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴巴食物说话。with+宾语+adv.The room is bright with all the lights on. 所有的灯都开着，这个房间看起来很亮。She looks so beautiful with the new dress on. 穿着那条新连衣裙，她十分漂亮。He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。with+宾语+n.He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.他去世时，女儿还是个学生。with+宾语+介词短语The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face. 老师微笑着进入教室。The man was walking on the street,with a book under his arm.那人在街上走着,腋下夹着一本书。She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。with+宾语+to do（此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系,表示尚未发生的动作.）With nothing to do, he felt very boring. 没有任何事情可做，他无聊至极。With so much work to do, I can’t go out with you. 有太多工作要做，我不能和你一起出去。with+宾语+ving（此结构强调名词是-ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行）He felt uneasy with his classmates staring at him. 全班同学都正盯着他，他感到很紧张不安。With time passing by, he almost forgot everything. 随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了一切。I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。with+宾语+done（此结构中，过去分词和宾语是被动关系,表示动作已经完成.）With so much work done, he felt happy. 做完了如此多的工作，他感到开心。He sat on the chair with his eyes closed. 他闭着眼睛坐在椅子上。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。With the problem solved, everyone is relaxed now. 问题解决了，每个人现在都是轻松的。relaxed adj. 放松的，轻松的，描述人的感受；修饰事物时，表示舒适的；随意的。 relaxing adj. 令人放松的，常用来形容事物的特征。be relaxed about sth 对......感动放松、不拘束I feel relaxed when I listen to some quiet and slow songs. 当我听一些轻柔舒缓的歌曲时，我感到很放松。Tom’s family rules are relaxed. 汤姆的家规比较随意。We are really relaxed about time. 我们的时间观念比较随意。Don’t be afraid, just be relaxed about the interview. 不要害怕，轻松面试。Quiet and slow songs are relaxing. 轻柔舒缓的歌曲是令人放松的。I think swimming is relaxing. I like it very much. 我认为游泳是令人放松的。我非常喜欢游泳。value v. 重视、珍视 & n. 价值（不可数名词）v. 重视、珍视 value ... as ... 把……视为…… value ... for ... 因……而受到重视I value you as my best friend. 我把你视为我最好的朋友。She is valued for her talents. 她因为她的各种才能而受到重视。She is valued for her ability to swim. 她因为她游泳的能力而受到重视。We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. 我们珍惜在我们的日常生活中与家人、朋友一起共度的时光。We should value our teachers’ advice. 我们应该重视老师们的建议。I really value the friendship between us. 我真的很珍视我们之间的友谊。n. 价值（不可数名词） the value of sth ......的价值go up/rise/increase in value 升/增值 go down/fall/decrease in value 贬值be of value 有价值；有用 be of little/no value 毫无帮助What is the value of your house?你的房子值多少钱？We should pay more attention to the value of health. 我们应该更加注重健康的价值。I think every experience is of value. 我认为每一次经历都很有价值。Her advice is of no value. 她的建议毫无帮助。= Her advice is of little value. People prefer gold because it can go up in value. 人们更喜欢金子，因为它可以升值。No matter what I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not go down in value.无论我对钱做了什么，你都仍然想要它，因为它并没有贬值。valuable adj. 有价值的、珍贵的 valueless adj. 豪无价值的、不值钱的Is there anything valuable in your schoolbag? 在你书包里有什么贵重物品吗？He has collected many valuable watches. 他已经收集了许多贵重的手表了。Health is the most valuable. 健康是最宝贵的。Thanks for your valuable advice. 感谢你宝贵的建议。I think health is more valuable than wealth. 我认为健康比财富更宝贵。This jewellery is valueless. It is made of glass. 这个首饰不值钱，它是玻璃做的。His suggestion is valueless.他的建议毫无价值。What you did is valueless. 你所做的豪无价值。drop by 顺便拜访（后面可以直接接地点，也可以直接使用）We often just drop by our friends’ homes if we have time.有空的时候，我们也常常会临时上朋友家拜访。She and Danny will drop by later. 她和丹尼一会儿要来坐坐。He dropped by my office this morning. 今天早晨他到我办公室串门来了。capital n. 首都、国都（复数：capitals）；除此之外，还可以指省会、首府。the capital of ......的国都/首都/首府/省会Paris is the capital of fashion. 巴黎是世界的时尚之都。Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province. 成都是四川省省会城市。n. 大写字母Please write in capitals.请用大写字母书写。n. 资本、资金（不可数名词）The company is having difficulty in raising capital. 这个公司现在在筹集资金方面有困难。after all 毕竟（可放于句首、句中、句末；用来提示或强调可能被忽略的事实）We’re the capital of clocks and watches, after all! 我们毕竟是以时钟和手表闻名的国度！Don’t be angry with the boy. After all, he is only 6 years old.别生那个男孩的气。毕竟他才6岁。Don’t talk back to him. After all, he is your father. 不要跟他顶嘴。毕竟，他是你的爸爸。noon n. 中午、正午 at noon 在中午People eat lunch at noon. 人们在中午吃午饭。Let’s meet at noon. 我们中午见吧！At noon, the sun is high in the sky. 正午，烈日当空。The accident happened at noon. 事故在中午发生了。It’s my habit to take a nap at noon. 中午小睡一下是我的习惯。mad adj. 很生气的；疯的 be/get mad 气愤、大动肝火（对某人生气，后常接at/with sb, 相当于be/ get angry with sb） go mad 疯掉；变得疯狂drive sb mad 使某人发狂be mad about sb/sth 对.....痴迷My mom was mad with me for losing her keys.我妈因为我弄丢了她的钥匙而生我的气。My teacher was mad at me because I didn’t finish my homework again. 老师对我很生气，因为我又一次没有完成家庭作业。My mom will get mad if I stay out late. 如果我在外面待到很晚，我妈妈会很生气。She went mad after the death of her son. 儿子死后她就疯了。= She went mad after her son died. The audience went mad. 观众们变得疯狂起来了。It was a mad idea to climb the mountain in this bad weather.这种坏天气去爬山真是疯狂的想法。His words drove me mad. 他说的话使我抓狂。She is mad about dancing. 她对跳舞着迷。She's mad about sports. 她对体育运动痴迷。He's mad about you. 他很迷恋你。effort n. 努力、尽力泛指精力、力气时不可数；指做出的具体努力、努力的成果、成就时可数，复数：efforts。make an effort = make efforts 作出努力make an effort to do sth. = make efforts to do sth 努力、尽力做某事He lifted up the rock without effort. 他毫不费力地举起了那块岩石。If you have good study habits, you can save time and effort.如果你有良好的学习习惯，你就能节省时间和精力。I will make an effort. 我会努力的。I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends. 每次我去见朋友都会尽力做到守时。I will make an effort to stop smoking. 我会尽力戒烟。You should make an effort to improve your reading ability. 你应该努力提高你的阅读能力。Finishing the work in one day was a great effort.一天内就完成了这项工作是很大的成就。Her success is totally because of her efforts. 她的成功完全是她努力的结果。passport n. 护照、通行证（复数：passports）A person who travels abroad must carry a passport. 人们要出国旅行，必须携带护照。The passport is used as an ID card when you go abroad. 当你出国的时候，护照就被作为身份证来使用。May I have your passport ? 我可以看下你的护照吗?= Would you like to show me your passport? 您可以出示一下您的护照吗？= Could you please show me your passport?clean... off... 把......擦掉（动副结构，人称代词作宾语要放中间）After class, students are supposed to clean off the chalk on the blackboard. 下课后,学生们应该把黑板上的粉笔字擦下来。There are some black marks on the window. I will clean them off. 窗户上有些黑色污渍。我要把它们擦掉。chalk n. 粉笔（物质名词，不可数；但在表示各种颜色的粉笔时，要用复数chalks.）一支粉笔 a piece of chalk 两支粉笔 two pieces of chalkTeachers usually write on the blackboard with chalk. 教师通常用粉笔在黑板上书写。You can write on the blackboard with a piece of chalk. 你可以用一支粉笔在黑板上写字。blackboard n. 黑板 on the blackboard 在黑板上northern adj. 北方的、北部的 southern adj. 南方的、南部的 eastern adj. 东方的、东部的 western adj. 西方的、西部的Shanghai is a large city in eastern China. 上海是中国东部的一个大城市。People in northern China have different eating habits from those in the southern part.中国北方的人和南方地区的人有不同的饮食习惯。I guess in most western countries, people shake hands when they meet for the first time.我想在大多数西方国家当中，人们初次见面时会握手。coast n. 海岸、海滨（复数：coasts） coastal adj. 海边的、海滨的at/on the coast 在海边、在海岸上 along the coast 沿着海岸Qingdao is on the east coast of China. 青岛在中国的东海岸。Qingdao is a coastal city. 青岛是一个海滨城市。Beihai is on the south coast of China. 北海在中国的南海岸。She was born in a small town on the east coast of England.她出生在英国东海岸的一个小城镇里。We usually walk along the coast after dinner. 晚餐之后我们通常沿着海岸散步。season n. 季节（复数：seasons）Here are 4 seasons in a year. 一年之中有四个季节。Summer is the hottest season. 夏季是最炎热的季节。Winter is my favorite season. 冬天是我最喜欢的季节。The best season to have a picnic is spring. 春天是进行野餐最好的季节。knock v. 敲、击 knock at/ on 敲（门、窗等）knock into 撞上、碰上 knock sb down 把某人撞倒Someone is knocking at/on the door. 有人正在敲门。Tom knocked at/on the door many times, but no one answered.汤姆敲了很多次门，但没人回应。She was knocked down by a bus. 她被一辆公交车撞倒了。If you knock into someone, you should say sorry to him or her. 如果你撞到了某人，你应该对他/她说对不起。He didn't expect to knock into some of his old friends here. 他没想到在这儿遇见了一些老朋友。The car was out of control and knocked into a tree. 车失控了并且撞到了树上。n. 敲击声、敲击（复数：knocks）There is a knock at/on the door. 有敲门声。Did you hear the knocks? 你听到那些敲击声了吗？When I fell down, I got a terrible knock on the head. 我摔倒时头撞得很厉害。take off 脱下衣服，动副结构短语，反义词 put on 穿上Don’t take off your coat, or you will feel cold. 不要脱下你的外套，否则你会感觉到冷。Please put on your coat and don’t take it off. 请穿上你的外套，并且不要脱下它。 飞机起飞，反义词land 着陆、降落The plane took off just now. 飞机刚才起飞了。worth adj. 值得；有......价值的；值（多少钱）be worth + 金钱 “值......钱”be worth + n. “值得......”be (well) worth doing “(非常）值得做某事”This old computer is worth 300 dollars. 这台旧电脑值300美元。He worked very hard and finally achieved his dream. I think he was worth his success. 他工作非常努力并且最终实现了他的梦想。我认为他值得成功。The new car cost a lot of money, but it’s certainly worth it. 这辆新车花费了许多钱，但是它确实值得这么多钱。This museum is worth a visit. 这个博物馆是值得参观的。This book is worth reading. 这本书值得去读。The movie is well worth watching. 那部电影非常值得去看。manner n. 方式、方法（复数：manners） Why are you talking in such a strange manner? 你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话？She smiled again in a friendly manner. 她又友好地微笑了一下。We kissed each other's cheeks in the European manner. 我们按欧洲人的方式互相亲吻了面颊。礼貌、礼仪（常用复数manners）table manners 餐桌礼仪 greeting manners 问候礼仪 good manners 有礼貌 bad manners 没有礼貌Today, let’s talk about table manners. 今天我们来谈论一下餐桌礼仪吧。The little girl always has good manners. 这个小女孩总是很有礼貌。People don’t like the person who has bad manners. 人们不喜欢没有礼貌的人。empty adj. 空的（反义词：full 满的），既可作表语，又可作定语。The room is empty. 这个房间是空的。= It is an empty room. The streets were almost empty. 街上几乎空无一人。adj. 空洞的（只能放在名词前作定语）I won’t believe his empty promise. 我不会相信他空洞的承诺的。She looked at him with empty eyes. 她用空洞的眼神看着他。adj. 空虚的，形容人的感情。She often feels empty. 她经常感到空虚。I feel so empty when I don’t shop. 不购物的时候，我真的很空虚。vt. 倒空、清空（反义词：fill 填满）She emptied the room. 她把房间清空了。She emptied the water out of the vase. 她把水从花瓶里倒了出来。basic adj. 基本的、基础的We should learn some basic table manners. 我们应该学会一些基本的餐桌礼仪。You need to master some basic reading skills. 你需要掌握一些基础的阅读技巧。 exchange n&v. 交换vt. 交换、互换；兑换（其他货币）exchange A for B 用A 交换B We exchanged addresses and Christmas cards.我们交换了地址和圣诞贺卡。You can exchange your books. 你们可以互换你们的书。I want to exchange some money. 我想兑换一些钱。 I'd like to exchange some pounds for dollars. 我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。John exchanged gifts with Mary. 约翰与玛丽交换礼物。The couple exchanged their rings with each other. 这对夫妻彼此互换了戒指。If you don’t like this car, you can exchange it for another anytime. 如果你不喜欢这个车，你可以随时换一辆。n. 交换in exchange for 以......交换.....He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.他给我一个苹果来换一个蛋糕。Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? 用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？She is an exchange student. 她是一个交换生。go out of one’s way 特地；格外努力后常接to do sth，表示“特地做某事；格外努力地做某事”。They went out of their way to finish the work on time. 他们特别努力地按时完成这项工作。make sb feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们竭尽所能地使我感觉像在自己家一样。We want to make customers feel at home. 我们想让顾客感到宾至如归。 teenage adj. 十几岁的、青少年的 teenager n. 青少年Teenage boys never get tired. 十几岁的男孩子绝不会变得疲倦。She has a teenage daughter. 她有个十几岁的女儿。granddaughter n. 孙女、外孙女 grandson n. 孙儿、外孙儿behave v. 表现、举止 behave well / badly 表现好/糟糕 behave oneself 表现得体, 有礼貌 If you behave well at the party, your parents will feel very happy. 如果你在派对上表现得好，你的父母将会感到非常开心。Steve is expected to behave himself at the party. 史蒂夫应该在派对上表现得体。I want you to behave yourselves when I’m away. 我不在时，你们要乖乖的。Tom won a prize because he behaved well in school. 汤姆因为在学校表现好，赢得了一份奖品。 相关词：behavior n. 行为、举止（泛泛而谈时不可数，指具体的行为举止时可数）You should pay more attention to your behavior in public. 在公共场合你应该更加注意自己的行为举止。You should have good behavior in public. 在公共场合你应该举止得体。It’s a bad behavior to laugh loudly when eating ! 吃饭时大笑是一个不好的行为。except prep. 除了......之外（后接名词、代词、副词、介词短语等，指把某人或某物从某一范围内排除掉，即不包含在内。）We work every day except the weekends. 除了周末我们每天都要上班。Nobody went to see him except his wife. 除了他的妻子，没有人去看他。Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外，每个人都收到了邀请。She never swims in the pool except in summer. 除了夏天以外，她绝不会去水池游泳。My father looked for his watch everywhere except in the living room. 除了客厅，我父亲在哪都找了他的手机。 conj. 除了、只是（连接两个句子）Our sweater are the same except mine is yellow. 我们的毛衣是一样的，只是我的毛衣是黄色的。I know nothing about the lady except that she is from Beijing. 除了她来自北京，我对这位女士一无所知。I understand everything except why she stole the money. 我能理解一切，只是不理解她为什么要偷钱。注意：except 通常不放于句首，放于句首时用except for. Everyone was late except for me.Except for me everyone was late. 除了我，所有人都迟到了。except for 和 except 意思相同，但用法有区别：用于句首用except for.except 通常用于同类事物，表示同类中排除。except for 通常用于不同类事物，含有惋惜、美中不足之意。except for 是介词短语，后面常接名词或代词，其后不能接句子；而except 既可作介词，也可作连词，其后可以连接句子。All compositions are written well except yours.Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.It was dark in the city except for a few lights. Tom is a good man except for his bad temper.拓展：besides prep. 除了......之外（还有）（表示除了besides后面的东西，还有其他的东西）adv. 此外、以及、况且区别：beside prep. 在.....的旁边 He can speak French besides English. 除了英语，他还会说法语。Please sit beside me. 请坐在我的旁边。We all went to the party except Lily.除了莉莉，我们都去了那次派对。（只有莉莉没去）We all went to the party besides Lily. 除了莉莉，我们也都去了那派对。（莉莉和我们都去了）I don’t like the shoes. Besides, it’s too expensive.我不喜欢这双鞋。况且，它太贵了。Please sit beside me. 请坐到我旁边。There is a bank beside the school. 在学校旁边有一家银行。elbow n. 肘、胳膊（复数：elbows）You are not supposed to put your elbows on the table. 你不应该把你的胳膊肘放在桌上。I hurt my elbow when I fell down yesterday. 我昨天摔倒的时候把手肘弄伤了。gradually adj. 逐步地、渐进地I gradually got used to the life here. She practiced her spoken English for some time and gradually mastered some useful skills in speaking. 她练习英语口语练习了一段时间，并且逐渐地掌握了一些说话的技巧。I gradually fell in love with the girl who is very kind. 我逐渐地爱上了那个善良的女孩。get used to 习惯于（to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词）Now, I get used to the life here. 现在我已经习惯了这里的生活了。I didn’t like the life here, but at last I got used to it. 我不喜欢这里的生活，但是最终我习惯了。You will get used to staying up late soon. 你会很快习惯熬夜的。suggestion n. 建议（复数：suggestions）give suggestions 给出建议 take the suggestion 采纳建议注意：其同义词advice“建议”为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不能用a/an修饰。Here are my suggestions. 这里是我的建议。= Here is my advice.My teacher gave me some useful suggestions and I took her suggestions. 老师给了我一些有用的建议，我也采纳了她的建议。Unit 11 Words and Expressionsrather adv. 相当、相反意为“相当”时，是程度副词，既可以修饰形容词、副词原级，也可以修饰形容词、副词的比较级。修饰动词时，通常动词是表达思想情感的词，如like, enjoy, surprise等。It’s rather difficult. 这相当难。 She is rather beautiful. 她相当的漂亮。Bob is clever but rather lazy. 鲍勃是聪明的但是却相当的懒惰。She was rather unhappy when she heard the bad news. 当她听到那个坏消息时，她非常不高兴。You’ve done rather well. 你做得相当好。This hotel is rather more expensive than that hotel. 这家酒店比那家酒店贵得多得多。I rather like him. 我相当喜欢他。She rather enjoys dancing. 她非常喜欢跳舞。It rather surprised me. 那使我相当惊讶。注意：修饰作定语的形容词时，常置于不定冠词之前，即rather + a/an + adj+ n;另外，在结构rather + a/an + n 中，rather则表示“相当、非常（好或坏）”。That’s rather a silly question. 那真是个愚蠢的问题。She is rather a beautiful girl. 她是非常漂亮的一个女孩。He is rather a fool. 他真是个大笨蛋。He is rather a musician. 他真是很棒的音乐家。意为“相反”时，常用结构：would rather 宁愿； rather than 而不是。①would rather “宁愿”, 表示选择的意愿。无人称、时态和数的变化, 后接动词原形;当与人称代词连用时，常缩写为’d rather。 肯定结构：would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 如：I would rather stay at home because it’s too hot outside. = I’d rather stay at home because it’s too hot outside. 我宁愿待在家，因为外面太热了。 She would rather go out to eat. = She’d rather go out to eat. 她宁愿去外面吃东西。 He would rather buy the blue car. = He’d rather buy the blue car. 他宁愿买那辆蓝色的轿车。 否定结构：would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事如：He’d rather not buy that house. 他宁愿不买那套房子。 She would rather not go out to eat. 她宁愿不出去吃饭。疑问结构：将would提前。如：一般疑问句：Would she rather go out to eat? 她宁愿去外面吃饭吗?特殊疑问句：What would she rather do? 她想要做什么呢？ Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你想要吃苹果还是香蕉?选择疑问句：Would you rather stay at home or go out? 你愿意待在家还是出去呢？ Would you rather live in the north or the south? 你宁愿住在北方还是南方？其他结构：宁愿做某事而不愿做某事would rather do sth. than do sth. = would do sth rather than do sth. = prefer to do rather than do.如：This Sunday I would rather stay at home than go to the park.= This Sunday I would stay at home rather than go to the park.这周日我宁愿待在家也不愿出去。= This Sunday I prefer to stay at home rather than go to the park. The children would rather walk there than take a bus. 这些孩子们宁愿走路也不愿坐公交车。I would die rather than marry him. 我宁愿死也不愿嫁给他。注意：如果would rather后面的动词与than后面的相同，than后面的动词可以省略。如： Mark would rather buy a bike than (buy) a motorbike. 马克宁愿买自行车也不愿买摩托车。②rather than “而不是”，常用于平行结构中连接名词、代词、动名词，形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（常省略to）或分句。I rather than you, should do the work. 该做这工作的是我，而不是你。The person who should be praised is you rather than me. 应该被表扬的人是你而不是我。The most valuable thing is time, rather than money. 最珍贵的是时间，而不是金钱。She is a nurse rather than a doctor. 她是一个护士，而不是医生。Those boys were shouting rather than singing. 那些男孩在吼叫而不是唱歌。 These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 这些鞋舒服但不好看。He is reading quietly rather than loudly. 他正在安静地阅读而不是在大声朗读。He usually gets up early rather than late. 他通常起床起得早而不是起得晚。I prefer to go there in summer rather than in winter. 我宁愿夏天去那里，也不愿冬天去。We’ll have tea in the garden rather than in the house. 我们将在花园里喝茶，而不是在家里。 We should help him rather than he should help us. 我们应该帮助他，而不是他帮助我们。Lucy decided to refuse rather than accept the position. Lucy决定拒绝该职位，而不是接受它。Those boys prefer to play football rather than play basketball. = Those boys would rather play football than play basketball. 那些男孩宁愿踢足球不愿打篮球。drive- drove- driven（1）vt. 驾驶 n. driver 驾驶员、司机 drive a car 开车drive to sp. 开车去某地drive sb to sp. 开车送某人去某地drive away = drive off 开车离开e.g. He can drive a car. 他会开车。I will drive to Beijing. 我将会开车去北京。My father drives me to school every day. 我爸爸每天开车送我去学校。Just now, he put a lot of things in the car and drove away/ off. 刚才，他把许多东西放进车里，然后开车离开了。（2）n. 驱车旅行、驾车路程（可数名词）go for a drive 驱车旅行、去兜风A drive is a journey in a car or other vehicles. 驱车旅行就是在一个小轿车或者其他车辆里的旅行。Let’s go for a drive along the coast! 让我们沿着海岸兜兜风吧！I think we can go for a drive on Sunday. 我认为我们可以在星期天开车去旅行。 After 30 minutes’ drive, he arrived there at last. 在30分钟的路程后，他最终到达了那里。It’s about 30 minutes’ drive from my home to school. 我家到学校大概30分钟开车的路程。（3）vt. 迫使drive sb crazy/ mad 使某人抓狂 drive sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事He drives so badly. It makes me crazy. 他开车开得太差了，这让我很抓狂。Hunger drove him to steal money. 饥饿迫使他去偷钱。the more... the more... 越......越......属于“the + 比较级+ 主 + 谓 ， the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓” 越......就越......The more you read, the faster you will be. 你阅读得越多，就越读得快。The more I get to know Julie, the more I realize that we have a lot in common. 我渐渐更多地了解朱莉，我就越意识到我们有许多共同之处。The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越快学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。The harder you work, the better grades you will get. 你越努力学习，就将得得到越好的成绩。The more you practice, the better you can speak. 你越练习得多，就说得越好。The more he gets, the more he wants. 他得到的越多，想要的就越多。【注意】这种句型的特点是前后都可以有所省略，特别是谚语、俗语，只要意思明确，越简单越好。e.g. The more, the better. 多多益善。The sooner, the better. 越快越好。另外，表示“越来越”：“more and more + adj/adv 原级” 或 “比较级 and 比较级 ”。She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越漂亮了。The weather is becoming hotter and hotter. 天气变得越来越热。When 和while 用法辨析：（1）表示时间时，when比while的用法广泛。两者常可通用，但略有不同。when表示 “当......之时”“当......期间”，可指时间点，也可指时间段，所引导的从句中谓语动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词。主句动作和从句动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。while表示“当…的期间”, 强调在某事发生或进行期间，指某一时间段，所引导的从句中谓语动词只能是延续性动词，且强调主句动作和从句动作同时发生。后接短暂性动词时，只用when，不用while；后接延续性动词时，when和while常可替换使用；I was reading when you came in. 当你进来的时候我正在读书。You came in while I was reading.= You came in when I was reading. 当我正在读书时，你进来了。When I get up, I put on my clothes first. (先起床后穿衣，主从句动作不同时发生，只能用when）When I got up, he had left. (他先离开，我后起床）注意：表示的时间跨度太长，一般用when比较自然；表示时间跨度不长，可以用while。When I was young, I played football. 当我年轻的时候，我踢足球。While/When the movie was on, he left the cinema. 在播放电影的时候，他离开了电影院。表示两个动作同时持续进行时，用while不用when：He was watching TV while I was writing. 当我在写作的时候，他正在看电视。（2）while其他用法：表示让步的用法，其意为“尽管”“虽然”。 如：While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 尽管那项工作很艰难，它也很有趣。While some people stick to only one kind of movie, I like to watch different kinds depending on how I feel that day. 尽管有些人坚持只看一种电影，我却根据我那天的感觉而喜欢看不同种类的电影。表示对比的用法，其意为“然而”。 如：He can speak English well, while I can’t. 他会说法语，然而我不会。My room is clean and tidy, while his room is not. 我的房间是干净整洁的，然而他的房间不是。（3）when其他用法：表示正在做某事的期间，发生了意料之外的另一个短暂的动作，意为“突然”，常用：主句（过去进行时），when从句（一般过去时）We were playing games happily when we heard a cry. 我们正在高兴地玩游戏的时候，（突然）听见了一声大叫。I was just going out when there was a knock at the door. 我正准备外出，突然有人敲门。I was just going out when it began to rain. 我正准备外出，突然开始下雨了。have fun 玩得开心 have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心如：We had fun (in) playing soccer today. 我们今天踢足球玩得很开心。for fun 为了高兴，为了好玩 in fun 开玩笑地 make fun of sb. 取笑某人，嘲弄某人如：Let’s play a game for fun. 咱们做个游戏玩玩吧。She learns to play the piano just for fun. 她学弹钢琴就是为了消遣。He said so only in fun. 他这样说只是开玩笑而已。Don’t make fun of others. 不要取笑别人。It’s impolite to make fun of the blind. 嘲笑盲人是不礼貌的。lately adv. 最近，不久前 = recently （常用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时）I haven’t seen him lately. 我最近都没有见到他。Have you ever been there lately? 你最近有去过那里吗？What have you been doing lately? 你最近一直都在做什么？get to know 渐渐了解某人、某事（在此结构中，know也可以换为understand, like, realize，表示逐渐做某事。）You’ll soon get to know the work. 不久你就会了解这项工作的。If you get to know her, you will like her. 如果你渐渐地了解了她，你会喜欢她的。affect vt. 影响 affect sb/ sth 影响某人/某物强调影响的动作（使某方面发生改变），可以是一般影响（不论好坏），也可以是不良影响。Colors can affect our feelings. 颜色会影响我们的感受。Exercise can affect our weight. 运动会影响我们的体重。Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。TV programs can affect children’s behavior。电视节目影响孩子们的行为。. The coronavirus affects our lives. 新冠病毒影响我们的生活。influence vt.影响 influence sb/sth 影响某人/某物vt. 影响（多指对在思想、行为、性格、发展等方面产生的潜移默化的影响。）Lei Feng’s spirit continues to influence us although he is dead. 虽然雷锋死了，但他的精神仍然影响着我们。Tom’s unhappiness began to influence his schoolwork. 汤姆的不开心开始影响他的学业。My parents influenced me to be a teacher. 我父母影响我成为老师的。His parents influenced him. 他的父母影响了他。The teacher’s words influenced all his life. 老师的话影响了他的一生。n. 影响have a/an + adj + influence on 对......产生......的影响under the influence of sb 在某人的影响下Playing computer games has a bad influence on our study.玩电子游戏对我们的学习有不好的影响。Tom’s best friend Tony has a good influence on him. 汤姆最好的朋友托尼对他有好的影响。Under the influence of his dad, he has become a brave man. 在他父亲的影响下，他已经变成了一个勇敢的人。be sure 的用法：①be sure of /about sth，be sure of/about doing sth 意为“确信......”、“对......有把握”。其后在接名词时，be sure of 侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；而be sure about 则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。其后接反身代词，只能用be sure of, 即： be sure of oneself 对某人自己有信心如：I'm sure of his honesty. 我肯定他是诚实的。I’m sure of my success. 我确信我会成功。I’m sure about my answer. I have checked it with our math teacher. 我确信我的答案，我已经和我们数学老师核对过了。I’m sure of/about winning the game. 我确信会赢得比赛。Bob will have an exam next week, but he is not sure of himself. 鲍勃下周有一次考试，但他对自己没有太大把握。② be sure to do sth 一定做某事（表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语“必定”、“必然会”做某事。）He is sure to come. 他一定会来。It is sure to rain. 天一定会下雨。He is sure to be successful. 他一定会成功。③ Be sure to do sth 务必做某事（be sure to do sth 的祈使句不再表示对主语的判断，而表示对对方的要求和提醒。）Be sure to arrive on time. 务必按时到达。Be sure to remember it. 务必记住这件事。④ be sure + 从句 “肯定、确信......”I’m sure that he is a good boy. 我确信他是一个好男孩。I’m not sure whether/if my answer is right. 我不确定是否我的答案是对的。I’m not sure where to put the keys. 我不能确定钥匙要放在哪里。be friends with sb 成为某人的朋友（强调状态） make friends with sb 和某人交朋友（强调动作）I will always be friends with you. 我将一直是你的朋友。I want to make friends with you. 我想和你交朋友。I have been with Tom for 10 years. 我和汤姆已经是10年的朋友了。leave out 忽略，不提及，不包括（动副结构短语，人称代词作宾语放中间）be left out 被忽视 feel left out 感到被忽视She often feels left out by her family. 她经常感到被家人忽视了。Don’t leave the address out / leave out the address in our invitation. 不要把我们邀请函上的地址遗漏掉了。This sentence is not important. You can just leave it out. 这个句子不重要，你可以省略它。friendship n. 友谊（不可数名词，但在具体化的时候可以用a/an来修饰它）Friendship is very important. 友谊非常重要。Friendship comes first. 友谊第一。They have formed a deep and strong friendship. 他们已经建立了深厚的友谊。I hope our friendship will last forever. 我希望我们的友谊将会永远持续下去。king n. 国王 queen n. 王后；女王have … in common 有……共同点have something in common 有一些共同点have little/nothing in common 几乎没有/没有共同点have a lot/much in common 有很多共同点 have one thing in common 有一个共同点如：My sister and I have only one thing in common. 我姐姐和我只有一个共同点。 Although they are twin sisters, they have nothing in common. 虽然他们是孪生姐妹，但是他们没有任何共同之处。power 政权、权势、权力（不可数名词）He is a man with a lot of wealth and power. 他是一个有钱有势的人。能量、能源= energy （不可数名词）wind power 风能 solar power 太阳能 electric power 电能 力量（不可数名词，泛指一切力量，可以是人自身的力能，也可以是影响力、操控力）the power of sth ...... 的力量the power of music 音乐的力量 the power of love 爱的力量 the power of words 语言的力量 the power of friendship 友谊的力量Exercise can help to build the muscle power. 锻炼可以帮助增强肌肉力量。Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。We should pay more attention the power of words. 我们应该更加关注语言的力量。能力、才能 （泛指时不可数，具体某种能力可数）have the power to do sth 有做某事的能力We have no power to save him, 我们没有能力救他。I wish I can have super power. 我希望我可以有超能力。He has different kinds of magic powers. 他有各种各样的魔力。vt. 给......充电、给......供给能量：power sth Let’s power the car with gas. 让我们给汽车加点油吧。I want to buy a gas-powered car. 我想买一辆燃气动力车。vi. 开/关 power on 开启 power off 关闭Power on the phone. 手机开机。 Power off the phone. 手机关机。adj. powerful 强有力的、有权势的 He is a rich and powerful man. 他是一个有钱有势的人。You look really strong and powerful. 你看起来非常强壮有力。In Qin Dynasty, there was a powerful bad minister named Zhao Gao. 在秦朝，有一个名叫赵高的非常有权势的奸臣。 prime adj. 首要的；基本的 primary adj. 初级的、基础的固定搭配： prime minister 首相、总理、大臣 primary school 小学fame n. 名声（不可数名词） adj. famous 有名的、著名的pale adj. 苍白的；灰白的 （as）pale as chalk“ 惨白、苍白”，明喻修辞结构，英语中表示面色苍白不能用white, 而要用pale。汉语描述不健康的人的面部颜色时常用“白”字，如“煞白；苍白；灰白”等等。如.：You look (as) pale as chalk today. What’s wrong? 今天你看着面色苍白，哪里不舒服？Your face is (as) pale as chalk. 你的脸色惨白。call in 召来；叫来（动副结构短语，人称代词作宾语只能放中间）be called in 被召来、被叫来Call in the doctor at once. = Call the doctor in at once. 立刻叫医生进去。We need to talk to his parents. Please call them in. 我们需要和他的父母谈谈。请叫他们进来。The doctor was called in to examine the king. 医生被召来检查国王的身体。examine v. （仔细地）检查；检验vt. 仔细地检查；身体体检The box is empty. You can examine it. 那个盒子是空的。你可以检查它看看。The doctor examined the boy carefully, but couldn’t find anything wrong.医生仔细地检查了那个男孩的身体，但是什么毛病也没有发现。vt. 检验、检测（成绩、技能等）examine sb in + 科目 “在某一科目方面检测某人”Our teacher will examine us in math tomorrow. 老师明天将会在数学方面检测我们。（意思是考数学考试）名词形式： examination = exam n. 考试；体检（examination更正式，exam更口语化） neither... nor... 既不......也不......neither的用法：adv. 也不 （表示一个人和另一个人的情况一样。）结构为：Neither + be动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语相对应的人称代词A：I am not tall. 我不高。 B：Neither am I. 我也是。A：I don’t like English. 我不喜欢英语。 B：Neither do I. 我也不喜欢。A：I can’t speak English. 我不会说英语。 B：Neither can I. 我也不会。pron. 常和of 进行搭配。 Neither of + 复数名词 “两者都不”作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用复数。如：Neither of the girls is/are tall. 这两个女孩都不高。Neither of them like/ likes English. 他们两个都不喜欢英语。adj. neither + 可数名词单数，表示“两者都不”。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neither girl is tall. 两个女生都不高。conj. neither...nor... 用于两者之间，连接两个并列成分，表示两者都不，并列成分可以是两个主语、两个宾语、两个表语、两个谓语。当连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即句中的谓语动词在人称和数上要与nor后面的名词或代词保持一致。neither... nor... 的反义词为“两者都”，即 both...and...，连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Both my sister and my mother are teachers. 我姐和我妈她们两个都是老师。Neither Tom nor John knows how to spell the word. 汤姆和约翰都不知道怎么拼写这个单词。Paul neither knows nor cares what happened.保罗既不了解也不在意发生了什么。Neither Tom nor I have been to Beijing. 汤姆和我都没去过北京。I like neither English nor French. 英语和法语我都不喜欢。He is neither tall nor handsome. 他既不高也不帅。palace n. 王宫；宫殿 the Palace Museum 故宫 Children’s Palace 少年宫 the Summer Palace 颐和园wealth n. 财富（不可数名词，是一个人所拥有的资产的总称；既包括钱，也包括其他财产。） treasure 作“财富”讲时是不可数名词；作“宝物；珍宝”讲时，是可数名词。wealthy adj. 富有的、富裕的to start with 起初；开始时（常放于句首） = to begin with 起初、一开始：相当于at first , at the beginningTo start with, there were only 6 members in our club. 起初，我们俱乐部只有6个人。To start with, he was full of energy, but he could hardly move his feet when reaching the top of mountain. 一开始他是精力充沛的，但当他到达山顶的时候，他累得几乎再也迈不开脚了。首先、第一：相当于first, firstlyTo start with, I would like to thank my parents, my teachers and my friends for helping me.首先，我要感谢我的父母、老师、同学帮助了我。To start with, I don’t have enough money. Second, I don’t like it at all. 第一，我没有足够的钱。第二，我根本不喜欢它。grey adj. （天空）阴沉的；昏暗的；灰色的The sky is grey and it seems to rain soon. 天空阴沉，似乎快要下雨了。My mom used to have black hair, but now she has a few grey hairs on her head.妈妈过去是黑头发，但是现在她头上有许多白头发。 My car is grey. 我的车是灰色的。lemon n. 柠檬 lemon tree 柠檬树 lemon juice 柠檬汁 lemon drink柠檬汁饮料lemonade 柠檬汽水 Lemons are sour. 柠檬是酸的。uncomfortable adj. 使人不舒服的，令人不适的 反义词：comfortableI feel uncomfortable now. 我现在感觉不舒服。Each time I go to the hospital, the smell of the medicine makes me uncomfortable.我每次去医院，药物的味道都让我不舒服。I can’t sleep because the bed is so uncomfortable. 我无法入睡，因为这床太不舒服了。weight n. 重量；分量（泛指重量不可数，指具体的重物可数）lose weight 减肥 put on weight 增肥、发胖 I’m surprised at the weight of the players. 我对那些运动员的体重感到吃惊。Alice eats a little to lose weight. 爱丽丝吃很少来减肥。He felt like there was a heavy weight on his shoulders. 他觉得他肩上有一个重物。动词形式：weigh “称、称......的重量”。How much do you weigh? 你多重？An elephant weighs 2 or 3 tons. 一只大象重2到3吨。Tom weighs 60 kilos. 汤姆重60千克。shoulder n. 肩、肩膀（复数：shoulders） on one’s shoulders 在某人的肩膀上 No one could understand the pressure he carried on his shoulders. 没有人能够理解他肩上扛起的重担。goal n. 球门；射门；目标（复数：goals）score the goal 进球 miss the goal 未能进球 language goals 语言目标They scored five goals in the football match. 他们在足球比赛中进了5个球。He was unhappy because he missed the goal. 他不开心，因为他没能进球。My goal in life is to help others. 我的人生目标是帮助他人。They reached the goal of their journey. 他们到达了旅程的终点。We should try our best to achieve our goals. 我们应该尽最大努力去实现我们的目标。You should set your own goals and follow them. 你应该设立自己的目标，并为之努力。let sb down 使某人失望= disappoint sb She studies very hard because she doesn’t want to let her parents down. = She studies very hard because she doesn’t want to disappoint her parents.她学习非常努力因为她不想让她的父母失望。coach （复数：coaches）作名词： n. 教练；私人教师；长途客运汽车a football/ basketball/ tennis coach 一个足球/ 篮球/ 网球教练He is a coach who teaches the students how to play soccer well. 他是一个教学生如何把足球踢好的教练。I hate travelling by coach.我不喜欢坐长途汽车旅行。I think I need a piano coach.我认为我需要一个钢琴老师。作动词：指导、培训、训练（相当于train）Mr. Green is coaching the volleyball team. 格林先生正在训练那只排球队。His father coaches him in English. 他的爸爸辅导他的英语。kick （1） vt&vi . 踢；踹 kick sb off 开除某人 sb be kicked off 某人被开除Tom was kicked off by the school basketball team. 汤姆被学校篮球队开除了。The horse kicks when anyone comes near him. 那匹马每当有人走近时它都要踢跳。The police kicked the door down. 警察们把门踢倒了。I went to kick the ball and I completely missed it.我去踢球却踢了个空。Bob kicked the ball into the goal. 鲍勃把球踢进了球门。（2）n. 踢、踹： give sb/sth a kick 踢某人/某物一下Bob gave the ball a kick. 汤姆踢了球一下。be hard on sb 对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉 be easy on sb 对某人宽容Some parents today are too hard on their children. 如今一些家长对孩子要求过于严厉。She has few friends because she is hard on others. 她几乎没有朋友，因为她总是对其他人苛刻。We should be easy on the children. 我们应该对孩子们宽容一点。besides （1）prep. 了......之外（还有）（表示除了besides后面的东西，还有其他的东西）（2）adv. 此外、以及、况且He can speak French besides English. 除了英语，他还会说法语。We all went to the party except Lily.除了莉莉，我们都去了那次派对。（只有莉莉没去）We all went to the party besides Lily. 除了莉莉，我们也都去了那派对。（莉莉和我们都去了）I don’t like the shoes. Besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜欢这双鞋。况且，它太贵了。Please sit beside me. 请坐到我旁边。There is a bank beside the school. 在学校旁边有一家银行。teammate n. 队友（复数：teammates）classmate 同班同学 roommate 室友 schoolmate 校友 workmate 同事courage n. 勇气；勇敢（不可数名词）have ... courage to do sth 有勇气做某事Do you have the courage to tell her the truth ? 你用告诉她真相的勇气吗？No way is impossible to courage. 勇者无惧。I don’t have the courage to face the big challenge. 我没有勇气面对那么大的困难。guy n. （非正式）家伙；（pl）伙计们This guy is so rude. 这个家伙太粗鲁了。The American guy is a big fan of Chinese Kungfu. 这个美国人是中国功夫的超级粉丝。Wow! What a nice guy! 哇！真是个好人啊！See you guys! 伙计们再见了！ Hey, guys! How are you today? 伙伴们，今天感觉怎么样？remain 作连系动词，意为“仍然、继续保持”，后可接名词、形容词、介词短语等，表示某人或某物处于某种状态。It still remains a mystery. 这仍然是个迷。 Tom remains unhappy. 汤姆现在仍然不开心。The room remains in a mess. 房间仍然一团乱。vi. 意为“剩下、逗留、遗留”，此时没有进行时，也不用于被动语态。 There was nothing remain after the big earthquake. 在那场大地震之后，什么都没有剩下。pull v. 拉；拖 push v. 推pull together 齐心协力；通力合作= work hard together My mom tries to pull me from my bed ever morning. 我妈每天早上都试图把我从床上拉起来。Thank you for pulling me out of the river. 谢谢你把我从水里拉了出来。We can pull the balloon long to make it easy to blow up. 我们可以把气球拉长来让它能被轻松地吹起来。If we pull together, we will make it. 如果我们齐心协力，我们一定会做到。relief n. 轻松、解脱（不可数名词）to one’s relief 让某人轻松的是（作插入语放于句首，后用逗号隔开）To her relief, her father agreed with her. 让她感到放松的是，她的爸爸赞同了她的想法。To Lucy’s relief, her mom never puts much pressure on her. 让露西宽慰的是，她的妈妈从不给她施加太大的压力。nod- nodded- nodded - nodding vt&vi. 点头 n. 点头 nod to sb 向某人点头 nod one’s head 某人点头In China, we nod our heads to show“Yes”. 在中国，我们点头表示同意。She nodded to me friendly. 她友好地向我点了点头。We nodded to each other when we met at the party. 当我们在派对上碰面时，互相点了头致意。He greeted us with a nod. 他点了头向我们打招呼。agreement n. （意见或看法）一致；同意；协定 反义词： disagreement n. 不同意、不一致be in agreement (with sb.) (和某人)意见一致be in agreement on/ about/ upon sth. 对某事意见一致be in agreement that… 同意……have an agreement to do sth 同意做某事have an agreement not to do sth 同意不做某事reach an agreement 达成一致 sign an agreement 签订一个协定如：I’m in agreement with you. = I agree with you. 我同意你的观点。I’m in agreement with you on/upon/about it. 关于这件事我和你意见一致。we are in agreement that life is meaningless without health. 我们一致同意，没有健康的人生是没有意义的。They are in agreement that I should spend more time on my study rather than social activities. 他们一致认为，我应该花更多的时间在学习上而不是社交活动上。If children really need phones, they must get their parents’ agreement. 如果孩子们确实需要手机，他们必须要得到父母的同意。They reached an agreement at the end of the meeting. 会议结束时，他们达成了一致。动词形式：agree 同意 disagree 不同意agree with sb 赞同某人看法①表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等 (即持同一观点)：I don't agree with you. 我不同意你的意见。They agreed with this idea. 他们同意这个想法。I agree with what you say. 我同意你说的。②表示“ (食物、天气、工作等)对…适宜”：The weather doesn't agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。Hard work doesn't agree with him. 艰苦的工作对他不适宜。③表示“与…一致”：What he does does not agree with what he says. 他言行不一致。 agree to 同意、赞扬某人的建议、安排等①主要用来表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等，另一方同意协作：We agreed to their arrangement. 我们同意了他们的安排。She agreed to marriage. 她同意结婚。②后接 suggestion, plan, proposal等名词时，与 accept同义：Do you think he will agree to (=accept) my suggestion? 你认为他会同意 (接受)我的建议吗?③表示“同意做某事” agree to do sth 同意做某事Did you agree to come with him? 你答应跟他一起去了吗？agree on （通过双方协商）就......达成一致意见agree that + 从句 同意、赞同......如：We agreed on the price for the car. 我们就那辆车的价格达成了一致意见。I agree that health is the most important . 我赞同，健康是最重要的。fault n. 过失；缺点（泛指过错不可数，具体过错、缺点可数）It’s all my fault. 都是我的错。Everyone should face the fault with courage. 每个人都应该有勇气面对过错。The teacher found many spelling and grammar faults in my composition.老师发现我的作文里有许多拼写和语法错误。We should learn to accept others’ faults. 我们应该学会接纳其他人的缺点。No one is perfect. Everyone has faults and weaknesses.没有人是完美的。每人都有缺点和弱点。disappoint vt. 使失望 disappoint sb 使某人失望I’m sorry to disappoint you, because I’m afraid I can’t come to your party. Work hard. Don’t disappoint yourself. 努力学习。不要让你自己失望。【拓展】disappointment n. 失望 be in disappointment 处于失望当中 to one’s disappointment 让某人失望的是disappointed adj. 感到失望的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的be disappointed with sb 对某人感到失望 be disappointed at sth 对某事感到失望I am disappointed at the disappointing movie. 我对这部令人失望的电影感到失望。I’m really disappointed with you. 我真的对你很失望。To my disappointment, he didn’t appear that day. 让我失望的是，他那天没有出现。When you fail your exams, you can see the disappointment on your parents’ faces.当你考试不及格时，你可以看到你父母脸上的失望。If you fail your exams, your parents will be in disappointment. 如果你考试考砸了，你的父母将会很失望。Unit 12 Words and Expressionsunexpected adj. 出乎意料的、始料不及的相关词：expect - expected - expected v. 期待、预计 expected adj. 意料之中的 unexpectedly adv. 意外地、出乎意料地如：It’s expected that he will be late again. 他会再次迟到是意料之中的事情。My bad luck unexpectedly turned into a good thing. 我的坏运气意外地转变成了一件好的事情。否定前缀：un-，dis- 和 im- 写出含否定前缀un-，dis- 和 im-的单词：unexpected unfriendly unhealthy unusual unlucky unfair uneasyunbelievable uncrowded uncomfortable dislike disagree disableddiscover disbelief disappear impossible impolite Life is full of the unexpected. 生活中充满了出乎意料的事情。the expected 出乎意料的事（the + 形容词， 表示一类人或事物，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。）the young = young people 年轻人 the old = old people 老年人the rich = rich people 有钱人 the poor = poor people 穷人 the wounded 受伤的人 the impossible 不可能的事情by the time 在.......以前，在......时候引导时间状语从句，当从句用一般过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时 “had+过去分词”。如： By the time I got there, he had already left for Wuhan. 在我到达那里的时候，他已经离开去武汉了。 By the time I arrived at school, the bell had rung. 在我到达学校之前，铃声已经响过了。由by(在某时前，到某时)构成的短语表示过去的时间时，句子常用过去完成时。 如：By 10 o’clock last night, Sandy had finished her work. 在昨晚10点之前，森迪已经完成了她的工作。Susan had stayed in Beijing for three years by then.在那之前，苏珊已经在北京待了三年了。 By the end of that summer, Holly had read over twenty novels. 在那个夏天结束之前，霍莉已经读了20本小说了。oversleep - overslept - overslept v. 睡过头、睡得太久（相当于wake up late）My alarm didn’t go off, so I overslept this morning. 我今早睡过头了。give ... sb a lift = give sb a ride (to sp.) 捎某人一程(去某地）= drop sb off at sp. 在某地把某人下下来，捎某人去某地 Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift to my school.幸运的是，卡尔的爸爸在街上看见了我，并且把我捎到了学校。形式上相类似的短语：give sb a hand 帮助某人 give sb a reason 给某人一个解释happen 指事情突然、意外的发生。What happened? 发生什么了？sth. + happen + 时间/地点 某时/某地发生了某事 sth. + happen to + sb. 某人发生了某事 sb. + happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事A car accident happened this morning. 今早发生了一场车祸。An earthquake happened in Sichuan yesterday. 昨天四川发生了一场地震。A car accident happened to Jim yesterday. 昨天吉姆发生了交通事故。I happened to hear that interesting story. 我碰巧听说了那个有趣的故事。I happened to meet Tom on the street just now. 我刚才碰巧在街上遇到了汤姆。block n. 街区（复数: blocks） a block of 一块......a block of wood 一块木头 a block of stone 一块石头近义词：neighborhood n. 街道、小区 street n. 街道The restaurant is 2 blocks away from here. 那家餐厅离这里有两个街区。Something strange happened in my neighborhood. 我们小区发生了一些怪事。The restaurant is on Center Street. 那家餐厅在中央大街。Here are many people on the street. 街上有许多人。be / wait in line with 与......成一排/与......排成一排等待 wait in line 排队等候Please be/wait in line. 请排队等候。You should be/ wait in line with others. 你应该和其他人一起排队等候。stare v. 盯着看，凝视 stare at sb/sth 盯着某人/某物Don’t stare at me like that. 别那样盯着我看。He is staring at the painting in silence. 他正一言不发地凝视着那幅画。What are you staring at? 你眼睛一动不动地在盯着看什么呢？disbelief n. 不信、怀疑 in disbelief 怀疑地（修饰前面的动词，作状语）反义词：belief n. 信任（不可数）、信仰、信念（可数，复数：beliefs）People in different countries have different beliefs. 不同国家的人有不同的信仰。My belief is that our team will win. 我相信我们队能赢。He has a strong belief in God. 他非常信奉上帝。She shook her head in disbelief. 她不相信地摇了摇头。Why are you staring at me in disbelief? 你为何一脸不信任地盯着我？相关词：（1）believe v. 相信 反义词：disbelieve v. 不相信believe sb 和 believe in sb的区别：believe sb：字面意思：相信某人，其实是相信某人说的话，相当于believe what sb says，一般用于具体的事情，如：--A. Do you believe that my grandfather joined the army? 你相信我祖父从过军吗？--B. I believe you. 我相信你（相信他的祖父从过军）。believe in sb：相信某人的品行或能力，偏向于正式严肃性的问题，而且对话双方都是熟人，如:--A. John stole my camera.--B. That's not true, I believe in him，he would rather break his arms than do things like steeling.--A. 约翰偷了我的相机。--B. 这不真实，我相信他的为人，他是宁愿弄断自己胳膊也不会去做偷盗之类的事.believable adj. 可相信的、可信任的 （反义： unbelievable 难以置信的、不可信的）He is believable. 他是可靠的。Don’t believe him. He is unbelievable because he often tells lies. 不要相信他。他是不可信的，因为他经常说谎。It’s unbelievable that the school is over 100 years old. 难以置信这个学校已经100多年了。It’s unbelievable that I got full marks in my English exam. 难以置信我的英语考了满分。Your excuse for being late is unbelievable. That sounds like a joke. 你迟到的借口让人难以置信。那听起来像个笑话。above adv. & prep. & adj.adv. 在上面There are snowy peaks above.上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。See the examples given above. 见上述例子。Look at the pictures above. 看到上面的图片。（2）above adj. 上述的 (仅用于名词前)e.g. For the above reasons, we have no choice but to close the factory.基于上述原因，我们别无选择，只好关闭工厂。（3）prep. 在......上面；在......之上；超过①(表示位置)在……上面；高于(与 below相对)e.g. He lifted his hands above his head. 他将双手举过头顶。②表示地位、级别、能力、重要性等方面“超过”、“在……之上”、“比……强”。e.g. He is above the others in ability. 他的能力优于其他人。He is above me in every way. 他各个方面都比我强。介词on, over & above 的辨析：on常指一个物体在另一个物体的表面上，两个物体相互接触。over常表示一个物体在另一个物体的垂直上方，两个物体相互不接触。（反义：under）above常笼统地表示一个物体高于另一个物体，不管是正上方还是斜上方，两个物体相互不接触。（反义：below）当表示“超过，大于”某个数字时，应当用over或above；但在表示超过最低数量或标准时，一般用above。如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。There is a ball on the floor. 在地板上有一个球。The mountain is 1,000 feet above the sea level. 这座山高出海平面1000英尺。The sun is shinning above. 太阳在上面闪闪发光。He is above me in ability. 他的能力比我强。Children over/ above 12 years old should buy full-price tickets. 12岁以上的孩子应该买全票。Children under/ below 10 years old should go there with parents. 10岁以下的孩子应该在父母陪同下去那里。补充：all above 以上所有、以上全部 above all 首先、最重要的是、尤其All above is my advice. = All above are my suggestions. 以上就是我的建议。Above all, we shouldn’t give up without trying. 最重要的是，我们不应该不尝试就放弃。Tom is clever, humorous, and above all, honest. 汤姆是聪明、幽默的，而且最重要的是很诚实。Above all, we should recognize our strengths and weaknesses. 首先，我们应该认识我们的优点和缺点。Don’t tell the matter to anyone, above all to my mother. 不要把那件事告诉任何人。尤其是我的母亲。burn-burnt- burnt 或 burn- burned- burned v. 着火，燃烧 The fire burnt my house. 那场大火烧掉了我的房子。The candles are burning. 蜡烛正在燃烧。Keep away from the fire, or it will burn you. 远离火，不然会烧到你。The sand is so hot! It can burn my feet.  沙子这么烫！会烫伤脚的。注意：burning adj. 正在燃烧的 burned/ burnt adj. 烧焦的、烧毁的the burning house 正在燃烧的房子 the burned house 被烧毁的房子alive adj. 活着；有生气的；现存的（作表语或后置定语）His grandparents are still alive.他的祖父母都还健在。He is the greatest scientist alive. 他是现存的最伟大的科学家。He is the only person alive in the fire.他是那场火灾中唯一活下来的人。区别：living adj. 活着的、有生命的（常作前置定语） 如：the living things 生物lively adj. 生机勃勃的，充满活力的，生动的（可作表语，也可作定语）如：I like her lively class. 我喜欢她的生动的课堂。I like her class because her class is lively. 我喜欢她的课堂，因为她的课堂很生动。Our city is lively. 我们的城市是生机勃勃的。What a lively city! 多么有活力的一个城市啊！live 作adj. 时，表示“活的; 现场直播的 ”，常作前置定语。如：I am so excited to see a live elephant. 我很兴奋能看到一个活的大象。It is a live TV show. 这是电视现场直播。airport n. 机场（an airport 一个机场， 复数：airports）at the airport 在机场 go to the airport 去机场 Chengdu Tianfu International Airport 成都天府国际机场如：I will wait for you at the airport. 我会在机场等你。I overslept this morning. Then I quickly went to the airport. But when I got there, the plane had left. 今早我睡过头了。然后我快速的去机场。但当我到达那里的时候，飞机已经飞走。 till prep. & conj. 到、直到（相当于until, 在句中中常和until 替换使用，但放于句首时只能用until。）肯定句：谓语动词要用延续性动词，表示动作进行到什么时候为止。否定句：谓语动词常用非延续性动词，也可用延续性动词。not...until... 或not...till 直到....才......作prep时，后面连接时间：I will stay here until/till tomorrow. 我会一直待在这儿直到明天。I waited for you until/till 10 p.m. last night. 昨晚我等你等到了晚上十点。I will not leave until/till tomorrow. 直到明天我才会离开。作conj时，后面连接一个句子：I waited for my mom until/ till she came back home. 我一直等我妈妈，直到她回家。He worked until/ till it was dark. 他一直工作到天黑。I can not go with you until I finish my homework. 直到我的家庭作业做完了， 才能和你一起去。west adv.& n. & adj. adv. 向西：Please go west. 请向西走。adj. 西方的、西边的：the west coast 西海岸n. 西方、西部：He lives in the west of China. 他住在中国的西部地区。cream n. 奶油；乳脂（不可数名词）I like coffee with cream. 我喜欢加奶油的咖啡。You can put some cream and fruit on the cake. 你可以在蛋糕上放点奶油和水果。workday n. 工作日（复数：workdays 同义词： weekday ）We have to wear uniforms on workdays. 在工作日我们必须穿制服。Workers have to get up early on workdays. 在工作日工人们不得不早起。show up 赶到、露面She went sailing and didn’t show up for a long time. 她去航海了，很久没有露面。Uncle John didn’t show up at our wedding. 约翰叔叔没有在我们婚礼上露面。 bean n. 豆子、豆荚（复数：beans） pea n. 豌豆 soy bean n. 黄豆market n. 市场、集市（复数;markets）by the end of 在（某时间点）以前by the end of + 表示将来的时间，句子用一般将来时。By the end of next month, I will finish reading this book. 到下个月末，我将会读完这本书。by the end of + 表示现在的时间，句子用现在完成时。By the end of this week, my sister has learned 5 English songs. 到这周末，我妹妹已经学会了五首英语歌了。by the end of + 表示过去的时间，句子用过去完成时。By the end of last year, thousands of trees had been planted in the city. 在去年年底，这个城市有成千上万棵树已经被种植。区别：at the end of 在... 的末尾（可以接时间、也可以接空间）I will go to Beijing at the end of this year. 今年年底我将要去北京。There is a clothes store at the end of the street. 在这条街的尽头有一件服装店。We ran out of our food at the end of last week. 上周末我们用完了所有的食物。fool n. & v. n. 愚人（复数：fools） make a fool of sb 愚弄某人I am a fool. 我真是个傻子。Don’t make a fool of me. 不要愚弄我。How dare he can make a fool of me！ 他怎么敢愚弄我的！v. 愚弄 fool sb 愚弄某人 foolish adj. 愚笨的 I made mistakes again. How foolish I am! 我又犯错了。我太蠢了！costume n. （特定场合穿的）服装、装束（复数：costumes） costume party 化妆舞会embarrassed adj. 窘迫的；害羞的 embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的（惭愧难堪的）be/feel/ look embarrassed 尴尬的/ 感到尴尬的/ 看起来是尴尬的I don’t like making speeches in public. It is so embarrassing. 我不喜欢在公共场合演讲。太尴尬了。I feel embarrassed about the embarrassing joke. 我对于那个尴尬的笑话感到很尴尬。announce v. 宣告；宣布 announcement n. 宣告、声明 announce sth to sb = announce to sb sth 向某人宣告某事 announce that + 从句 宣布......Mr. Wang announced to us that there would be no lessons tomorrow. 王老师向我们宣布了明天不上课。Mr. Wang announced that there would be no lessons tomorrow. 王老师向我们宣布了明天不上课。Mr. Wang announced a good news to us. = Mr. Wang announced to us a good new. 王老师向我们宣布了个好消息。The manager announced to the workers the decision.= The manager announced the decision to the workers. 经理向工人们宣布了那个决定。make an announcement 发出一个声明I have an important announcement to make. 我有个重要的声明要宣布。sell out 卖完、卖光 be sold out 被卖光All the food in our restaurant have been sold out. 我们餐厅的所有食物都被卖光了。discovery n. 发现、发觉（复数：discoveries）the discovery of sth 某物的发现 make a discovery 找到一个发现In that year, two discoveries were made. 那一年，有两个重大发现。lady n. 女士；女子（复数：ladies） 男生：gentleman （复数：gentlemen）cancel v. 取消；撤销；终止（过去式过去分词：canceled-canceled或cancelled- cancelled）The meeting is canceled. 会议被取消了。officer n. 军官；官员（复数：officers） a police officer 一个警官disappear v. 消失；不见（反义词：appear 出现）He didn’t appear at my birthday party. 他没有出现在我的生日派对。My happiness disappeared. 我的快乐消失不见了。be about to do sth. “正要/马上就要做某事”，表达的是最近的将来，侧重于表示动作马上就要发生。而 be going to do 表示某事将要发生，或按照计划、打算将要做某事。两者都可以用于表示将来，但侧重点不同。如：The plane is about to take off. 飞机马上就要起飞。The new school year is about to begin. 新学期开学在即。Be quiet, please. The meeting is about to begin. 请安静，会议马上开始。It is about to rain. 马上就要下雨。（强调马上）It is going to rain. 天气将要下雨。（强调未来）We are going to camp this weekend. 我们这周末将去露营。（强调按照计划打算将要做某事）另外，be about to do sth. when ... “正要 / 马上就要做某事，这时发生了某事”I was about to leave when the phone started ringing. 我正要出门，这时电话开始响了起来。We were about to go out when it began to rain. 我们正要出去，这时天开始下起了雨。Unit 13 Words and Expressionslitter n. 垃圾、废弃物 vi. 乱扔 vt. 把......弄乱n. 垃圾、废弃物（是不可数名词，指随手丢弃的垃圾。）a litter can 一个垃圾筒（无盖） a litter bin 一个垃圾筒（有盖） a litter basket 垃圾筐例句：The street is full of litter. 大街上满是垃圾。Don’t drop/ throw/ leave litter in public places. 不要在公共场合乱扔垃圾。People throw litter into the river and make it really dirty. 人们扔垃圾在那条河里，使那条河变得很脏。其他表示“垃圾”的词：rubbish 指不再想要或不需要的废弃物（不分类）。waste 指所有人们不再需要的物品、被丢弃的物品。garbage 指剩菜、剩饭等日常生活产生的湿垃圾。trash 指日常生活产生的干垃圾。junk 指废弃的旧物或没有价值、没有营养的东西。junk food 垃圾食品 a junk shop 一家旧物店 space junk 宇宙垃圾vi. 乱扔Don’t litter (in public places). 不要（在公共场合）乱扔垃圾。You will be fined for littering. 乱扔垃圾将会被罚款。vt. 把......弄乱 be littered with sth 被某物弄乱He opened the door and found the floor was littered with paper. 他打开门并且发现地板被纸屑弄得一团糟。The yard was littered with bottles and cans. 庭院被瓶瓶罐罐弄得乱七八糟。bottom n. 底部、最下部 & adj. 底部的、尽头的 反义词：top n. 顶部 & adj. 顶部的、顶尖的（1）bottom用法：at the bottom of 在......的底部 The river is so clear that we can see its bottom.那条河非常清澈以致于我们可以看见它的底部。Even the bottom of the river is full of rubbish. 甚至是河底都满是垃圾。There is a hole at the bottom of the cup.那个杯子的底部有一个洞。You can write your name at the bottom of the page. 你可以在页面的下端写上你的名字。There were a few houses at the bottom/foot of the mountain. 过去在山脚下有一些房子。Here are some stones at the bottom of the river. 在河床上有一些石头。There is a hospital at the bottom of the street. 在街尽头有一家医院。He is at the bottom of the class. 他在班里排最后。（2）top用法：at the top of 在......的顶部（事物内部）；用最高/最大的(速度, 声音等) on the top of 在......的顶上 （有接触，事物外部）on top of the world 极其高兴from top to bottom 从上到下地、彻底地Look at the picture at the top of the page. 看到本页面上方的那张图片。There is a house at the top of the mountain. 在山顶有一个房子。He is at the top of his career. 他正处于他事业的高峰期。He ran off at the top of his speed. 他以他的最快速度跑掉了。He is at the top of the class. 他在班上名列前茅。He shouted at the top of his voice. 他以他的最大声音吼叫。The tree stands alone on the top of the mountain. 那棵树孤零零地矗立在山顶上。There is a flag on the top of the building. 在那栋楼的顶上有一面旗子。You can put the box on the top of the bookcase. 你可以把那个盒子放在书柜的顶上。Peking University is one of the top universities in China. 北京大学是中国顶尖大学之一。I am on top of world today, because I have met my girlfriend. 我今天极其高兴，因为我和我女朋友碰面了。When I heard the good news, I felt on top of the world. 当我听到那个好消息时，我极其高兴。She cleaned her room from top to bottom. 她把她的房间彻底打扫了一下。After standing in the rain for half and hour, he was wet from top to bottom. 在雨里站了半个小时之后，他从上到下都是湿的。fisherman n. 渔民、钓鱼人（复数：fishermen）Those fishermen can’t go to catch fish because of the bad weather. 因为坏天气，这些渔民不能去捉鱼。 Local fishermen make a living by fishing in the river. 当地的渔民靠在河里捕鱼为生。There are no more fish in the river for fisherman to catch. 河里没有鱼供渔民捕捉了。coal n. 煤、煤块（不可数名词） burn coal 烧煤Coal can be used to make a fire. 煤可以用来生火。Factories that burn coal pollute the air with a lot of black smoke. 烧煤的工厂排放大量的黑烟污染空气。People used to burn coal to cook. 人们过去烧煤来煮饭。ugly adj. 难看的、丑陋的（反义词：beautiful adj. 美丽的、好看的）Littering is turning beautiful places into ugly ones. 乱丢垃圾正在逐渐把漂亮的地方变得丑陋。She is beautiful, but her husband looks really ugly. 她很漂亮，但她的丈夫长得很丑。 advantage n. 优点；有利条件（反义词：disadvantage n. 缺点；不利条件）take advantage of 利用......Let’s take advantage of the good weather to go on a picnic. 让我们利用这个好天气去野餐吧。Every advantage has its disadvantage. 有利必有弊。Everything has its advantages and disadvantages. 所有事物都有优点和缺点。 There are many advantages of riding bicycles. 骑自行车有许多好处。cost v. & n. v. cost-cost-cost 花费 sth cost sb money 某物花费某人金钱 sth cost money 某物价值多少钱The new shirt cost Mr. Wang 200 yuan. 这件新衬衫花费了王先生200元。These strawberries cost me 8 yuan. 这些草莓花费了我8元。How much does the new computer cost? 新电脑值多少钱？Each of the computer costs 5000 yuan. 每台电脑价值五千元。n. 成本、代价、费用、花费（复数：costs）House-sharing can make the travelling cost less. 合租屋可以使旅行成本更少。It took us half an hour to find out the cost by train. 我们花了半个小时才查到坐火车的价格。We should cut down our costs. 我们应该减少我们的花费。They are considering how to build the school at a lower cost. 他们正在考虑如何以一个低的成本来修建那所学校。辨析spend/ take/ pay:①spend : 花费时间和金钱，主语通常是人。常用搭配：spend time/money on sth. 和 spend time/money (in) doing sth. spend a good time with sb. 和某人共度一段美好时光如：He spent 50 yuan on books just now. 他刚才花费了50元在这些书上。I spent 2 hours studying for the test last night. 我昨晚花了两个小时备考。 ②take: 花费时间, 常用于it takes sb. some time to do sth.这一句型中，其中it作形式主语。It usually takes me 30 minutes to walk to school. 走路去学校通常花费我三十分钟。③pay: 付款pay for sth 付......的款 pay (sb.) money for sth 付钱（给某人）买某物pay for sb . 为某人付款 pay sb 付钱给某人 pay back 还钱、回报（动副结构） pay off one’s money 还清某人的钱It’s not free. You need to pay for it. 它不是免费的。你需要付款买它。My brother paid 2000 yuan for his new bike. 我兄弟花了两千元买他的新自行车。I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.每个月我都要付给他们20英镑的房租。Don’t worry. I will pay for you. 别担心。我会为你付款。The boss pays the workers every month. 那个老板每个月给工人报酬。May I borrow 10 yuan from you? I will pay it back next week. 我可以跟你借10元钱吗？我下周就还你。wooden adj. 木有的、木制的 wood n. 木头（不可数名词）wooden chopsticks 木头筷子 wooden chairs 木头椅子 wooden houses 木屋注意：后缀en 加在物质名词后，可变成adj.gold (golden金色的、金子的) silk (silken丝质的) wool(woolen羊毛的）plastic n. 塑料 adj. 塑料的（1）n. 泛指塑料时不可数，指具体的塑料制品时可数，复数为plastics。Many things in our daily life are made of plastic. 日常生活中的许多物品都是塑料做的。A lot of plastics can be recycled. 许多的塑料制品可以被循环利用。adj. 塑料的 plastic bags 塑料袋 plastic bottles 塑料It’s a plastic car. 这是一个塑料车。takeaway n. 外卖事物（泛指外卖时不可数，指具体一份、一顿外卖时可数）Don’t eat takeaway. It’s not good for your health. 不要吃外卖。这对你的健康不好。You can order a takeaway if you don’t want to cook. 如果你不想走饭，你可以点一份外卖。bin n. 垃圾箱（有盖） can n. 垃圾箱（无盖） dustbin n. 大垃圾箱shark n. 鲨鱼（复数：sharks）fin n. 鱼鳍（复数：fins） shark fin soup 鱼翅汤cruel adj. 残酷的、残忍的、残暴的 be cruel to 对......残忍 cruelty n. 残酷、残暴、残忍（不可数名词）It’s a cruel world. 这是个残酷的世界。The world is cruel but beautiful. 世界是残酷无情的，也是美丽的。It is a cruel punishment. 这是一个残酷的惩罚。I can’t stand the people who are cruel to animals. 我无法忍受那些虐待动物的人。You are so cruel. 你太残忍了。Why are you so cruel to me? 你为何对我如此残忍？We are against all forms of cruelty. 我们反对所有形式的残暴。Life is full of cruelty. 生活充满了残酷。harmful adj. 有害的 harmful waste 有害垃圾harm v&n. 伤害、损害be harmful to = do harm to = be bad for 对......有害Smoking is harmful to your health. = Smoking does harm to your health. = Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟有害你的健康。chain n. 链子、链条（复数：chains） 另外还可表示“一连串”以及抽象意义的“链”、“连锁”等意思。Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. 鲨鱼处于海洋生态系统食物链的顶端。He owned a supermarket chain. 他拥有一家连锁超市。She wears a gold chain around her neck. 她脖子上戴着一条金链子。You can tie the dog with a chain. 你可以用一条链子来栓这只狗。A chain of strange events happened in our neighborhood. 一连串的怪事发生在了我们小区。industry n. 工业、行业、勤劳（表示工业这个总称和勤劳时不可数，表示行业可数）heavy industry 重工业 light industry 轻工业the film industry 电影行业 the space industry 航空领域 the silk industry 丝织业The city Shenzhen is famous for its industry. 深圳这个城市以它的工业而闻名。The development of IT industry help to create more jobs for young people.IT行业的发展有助于为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。The purpose of industry is to create wealth. 勤劳的目的是致富。law n. 法律、法规（泛指法律法规不可数，指具体的一条法律法规可数。）break the law 违反法律 follow/ obey the law 遵守法律 traffic law 交通法be against the law 是违法的 make/ develop laws 制定法律法规If you break the law, you may be put into the prison. 如果你违法，你可能会被送进监狱。Never do that. It’s against the law. 不要做那件事。那是违法的。We need to make more laws to protect the endangered animals. 我们应该制定更多的法律条款来保护那些濒危动物。When we drive on the road, we should follow the traffic law. 当我们在路上开车的时候，应该遵守交规。scientific adj. 科学的、科学上的 反义词：unscientific adj. 不科学的、违反科学的相关词：science n. 科学 scientist n. 科学家scientific advice 科学的建议 scientific achievements 科学成就 scientific technology 科学技术 scientific research 科学研究 scientific knowledge 科学知识 scientific discoveries 科学上的发现Doing exercise is a scientific way to lose weight. 做运动是一种科学的减肥方式。He has much knowledge and his teaching method is scientific. 他有许多知识，并且他的教学方法是科学的。Scientific studies show that sweet food can be harmful to children’s teeth. 科学研究显示甜食对孩子们的牙齿有害。I like reading some scientific books. And I want to be a scientist in the future. 我喜欢读一些科学方面的书籍。并且在未来我想当一名科学家。New scientific discoveries have made a great difference to the development of our society. 新的科学发现对我们的社会发展已经产生了巨大影响。The government encourages people to deal with the rubbish in a scientific way. 政府鼓励人们用科学的方式处理垃圾。Success depends on hard work and scientific learning methods. 成功取决于辛勤的劳动和科学的学习方法。take part in 参加某种群体活动，并在里面发挥重要作用I want to take part in the sports meeting and win a prize for my class. 我想要参加运动会，并且为我们班赢得一个奖项。He has taken part in the Olympics before. 他之前参加过奥运会。I am going to take part in the English speech competition next week. 我打算参加下周的英语演讲比赛。My mom always encourages me to take part in different kinds of activities. 我妈妈总是鼓励我去参加各种不同的活动。afford v. 承担得起（后果）；买得起afford sth 承担得起某事、买得起某物 afford to do sth 承担得起做某事（的花费、结果） She ran out of money, so she couldn’t afford the dress.她把钱用完了，所以她买不起那条连衣裙。We can’t afford to buy the big house. It’s too expensive.我们买不起那个大房子。它太贵了。As an engineer, he can’t afford to make any mistakes. 作为一个工程师，他不能犯任何错误。（承担不起犯错误带来的后果）I can’t afford to travel abroad. 我负担不起出国旅游的费用。reusable adj. 可重复利用的；可再次使用的 usable adj. 可用的Whether there is usable water on Mars is still a question. 火星上是否有可用的水仍然是个问题。Saving the earth begins with small things. For example, we can use reusable bags instead of plastic ones. 拯救地球从小事做起。例如，我们可以用可重复使用的袋子来代替塑料袋。Don’t throw away the bottles. They are reusable. 别扔掉那些瓶子。它们是可重复使用的。take action 采取行动 take actions 采取具体的一些行动同义词：take measures 采取措施take action to do sth = take actions to do sth = take measures to do sth 采取行动做某事We should take action to protect the earth. 我们应该采取行动来保护地球。It’s necessary to think twice before you take action. 三思而后行是有必要的。We should take action to save the endangered animals. 我们应该采取行动来拯救濒危动物。We should take the following actions to help the wild animals. 我们应该采取以下行动来帮助野生动物。transportation n. 交通运输；交通工具（美式）（不可数名词） transport v. 运输、运送 n. 交通运输；交通工具（英式）（不可数名词）In order to cut down air pollution, we should use public transportation/ transport. 为了减少空气污染，我们应该使用公共交通工具。The transportation/transport in Beijing is very convenient. 北京的交通很便利。Several policemen transported the criminals to the prison last night. 昨晚几个警察把那些罪犯运送到了监狱。recycle v. 回收利用、再利用 recycle sth 回收利用某物 sth be recycled 某物被回收利用Recycling paper means protecting trees. 回收利用纸意味着保护树木。These bottles can be recycled. 这些瓶子可以被回收利用。napkin n. 餐巾、餐巾纸（复数：napkins）We really shouldn’t use paper napkins. 我们实在不应该用餐巾纸。Please clean your mouth with a napkin. 请用一张餐巾纸擦下你的嘴巴。throw away 扔掉、抛弃、浪费、错过机会（动副结构，人称代词作宾语放中间）Please take out the rubbish and throw it away. 请把垃圾带出去丢掉。Don’t throw away paper on the floor. 不要把纸扔在地上。Don’t throw away this chance. 不要错过这个机会。You are throwing your money away，buying such useless things．你买这些没有用的东西是在浪费钱。Don’t throw away your time on computer games.不要把时间浪费在电脑游戏上。put sth to good use 好好利用某物 = make good use of sth As a student, you should know how to put your time to good use. = As a student, you should know how to make good use of your time.作为一个学生，你应该要知道如何好好地利用你的时间。You should put your rich experience to good use in the new job. 你应该在新工作中充分利用你丰富的经验。pull down （动副结构，人称代词作宾语放中间）pull down（用于事物时）拆除；往下拉 pull down （用于人时）使某人受挫或虚弱Many old buildings in my town were pulled down. 我小镇上的许多旧房子都被拆除了。The government plans to pull down the old building. 政府计划拆除那栋旧房子。Please pull the curtain down. 请把窗帘拉下来。Tom’s problem have pulled him down. 汤姆的问题已经打倒了他。（他非常沮丧）The flu has pulled me down. I still feel uncomfortable. 病毒感冒已经打跨了我。我现在仍然感到不舒服。（使我虚弱）upside down 上下颠倒、翻转The picture is upside down. 这张图片是倒过来的。You can’t turn the facts upside down.你不能颠倒事实。Turn the cake upside down and cover it with cream. 把蛋糕翻过来抹上奶油。gate n. 大门 at the school gate 在学校大门口I will meet you at the school gate. 我会和你在学校大门口碰面。bottle n. 瓶子（复数：bottles） a bottle of 一瓶 two bottles of 两瓶I’d like a bottle of water. 我想要一瓶水。Here are a lot of plastic bottles in the dustbin. Let’s pick them up. 垃圾桶里有许多塑料瓶子。让我们把它们捡起来吧。 president n. 总统、主席；负责人（复数：presidents）inspiration n. 灵感（不可数）；鼓舞人心的人或事物（可数） inspire vt. 激励、启发、启迪 sth inspire sb 某事激励某人 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人去做某事get/ draw inspiration from 从....得到灵感Now, I have no inspiration. 现在我没有任何的灵感。Artists often get inspiration from nature. 艺术家常常从大自然中获取灵感。With the teacher’s help, he got inspiration from the Chinese ancient poems and finally created a new poem by himself. 在老师帮助下，他从那些中国古诗中获得灵感,，最后自创了一首新诗。Tom always helps the people in need. He is an inspiration to me. 汤姆总是帮助有需要的人。他是我的榜样。His story is a real inspiration to me. 他的故事对我来说是一种激励。His story inspired me to study hard. 他的故事激励了我要努力学习。His words inspired me a lot. 他的话极大的激励了我。His speech inspired the crowd. 他的演讲激励了群众。iron n. 铁（不可数名词）Many things in our life are made of iron. 我们生活中许多东西都是铁做的。work n. （音乐、艺术）作品（复数：works）He is a famous writer. He has many good works. 他是一个出名的作家。他有许多好的作品。Jay Chou is my favorite singer. I like his works very much. 周杰伦是我最喜欢的歌手。我非常喜欢他的作品。metal n. 金属（作为材料时为不可数名词，强调金属种类时可数）a piece of metal 一块金属 metalwork n. 金属制品、金属加工The knife is made of metal. 这把刀是由金属制成的。Different countries use different metals for their money. 不用国家用不同的金属（种类）来制币。Gold and silver are metals. 金和银是两种金属。bring back 恢复；使想起；归还；带……回来Don’t forget to bring something back for the kids. 别忘了给孩子们带些东西回来。You should bring back the book in two days. 你应该在两天内归还那本书。She wants to keep her old things because they can bring back her sweet memories. 她想保留她的旧东西，它们可以勾起她甜美的回忆。No one can bring the dead back to life. 没有人能使死人复生。Many workers have gone back to cities since February 6th. So, now the cities are brought back to life. 许多工人在2月6号之后就已经回到了城市。所以，现在城市重焕生机了。creativity n. 创造力、创造性（不可数名词）Now students are lack of creativity. 现在学生们都缺乏创造力。I don’t like his works. I think they are lack of creativity. 我不喜欢他的作品。我认为它们都缺乏创意。try to do = try one’s best to do sth 尽力、努力、试图做某事（强调达到某种结果）try doing sth. 试着做某事（不强调达到某种结果） try on 试穿（动副结构） try out for sth 参加......的选拔；try out试用例如：We’ll try to finish the work in a week. 我们将努力在一周内完成这项工作。 He tried to control his voice. 他尽量控制他的声音。You can try the clothes on. 你可以试穿这些衣服。Let’s try out your method. It seems good. 让我们试用一下你的方法。它似乎不错。Let me try retelling the story. 让我试着复述一下那个故事。 41、cut down 砍倒、消减，减少Schools should cut down some homework so that students can enjoy more free time.学校应该减少一些家庭作业，以便于学生们可以享受更多的空闲时间。You always buy something you don’t need. I think you should cut down your costs. 你总是买些你不需要的东西。我认为你应该减少你的花费。 Many animals lost their homes because people cut down many trees. 许多动物失去了他们的家园，因为人们砍倒了许多树。instead 和 instead of 的区别：instead：adv. “代替；反而”，单独使用，可放于句首也可放于句末。instead of：“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词、v.-ing形式、介词短语等。如：If you can’t go, I will go instead. 如果你去不了，我会代替你去。I didn’t have a pen, so I used a pencil instead. 我当时没有一支钢笔，我用了一支铅笔代替。My father will do the washing instead of my mother. 我爸爸将会去洗衣服而不是我妈妈。Mike walks to school instead of going there by bike.迈克走路去学校而不是骑自行车。Let’s play the game here instead of in the park. 让我们在这里玩那个游戏而不是在公园。 make a difference (to…) (对……)产生重大影响或作用 make no difference to 对……没有影响 make some difference to 对……有一些影响make a big difference to 对……有很大影响如：It makes no difference whether you accept or refuse him. 你接受他或拒绝他都没有影响。It doesn’t make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 你留或不留对我来说都没有什么影响。 When you’re learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a big difference.学习驾驶时，若有一位好教练指导，效果则大不相同。no longer = not … any longer 不再（动作在时间上不再延续）no more = not … any more/anymore 不再（程度不再加深，数量不再增加）如： Mr. Brown no longer works here.= Mr. Brown doesn’t work here any longer. Brown先生不再在这儿工作了。You can’t drink any more. = You can drink no more. 你不能再喝酒了。I no longer like collecting stamps.= I don’t like collecting stamps any longer.我不再喜欢集邮了。He is no longer a child.= He isn’t a child any longer.他不再是个小孩子了。a number of： 意为“许多”，常接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。A number of students in his class are here. 他班上的许多学生都在这里。the number of：……的数量，接可数名词的复数形式，但谓语动词用单数。The number of the students in his class is fifty. 他班上学生的数量是50. a most + adj. + n. 一个很 / 非常……的…… (表程度)the most + adj. + n. 最……的…… (表最高级) This is a most useful tool. 这是一个非常有用的工具。She is the most careful girl in the class. 她是班上最细心的女孩。She is a most unusual woman. 她是一个非常不寻常的女性。46、build / make ... out of 用……建造/制造She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.她住在英国，房子是她用废弃物建造而成的。He built/made a model ship out of wood. 他用木头造了个模型船。47、be known for 因……而著名be known as 作为……而著名be known to 为……所熟知Hangzhou is famous for tea. 杭州以茶而闻名。Jay Chou is famous to many Chinese teenagers. 周杰伦被许多中国青少年所熟知。Yuan Longping is famous as a scientist. 袁隆平作为一个科学家而闻名。Unit14 Words and Expressionssurvey n. 调查（复数：surveys） make/do a survey 做一项调查make/do a survey of 对......进行调查（后接人、团体或事情） make/do a survey about 做关于......的调查（后接事情）Yesterday, we did a survey among 500 students about their free time activities. 昨天，我们在500个学生中做了一项他们空闲时间活动的调查。This is a survey about student’s favorite food. 这是一个有关学生们最喜欢食物的调查报告。We made a survey of noise pollution. 我们对噪音污染进行了调查。We did a survey of the whole students in our school. 我们对我们整个学生的学生做了一个调查。Here are the survey results. 这些是调查结果。standard n. 标准、要求（复数：standards） adj. 标准的；规范的a high standard 一个高标准 a low standard 一个低标准 living standards 生活水平above the standard 高于标准 below the standard 低于标准I think I should try my best to improve the living standard in my family. 我认为我应该尽我最大努力来提高我家的生活水平。In the past, I always did my homework carefully to meet/ reach Mr. Wang’s standards.在过去，我总是认真完成家庭作业来达到王老师的各项标准。I ordered two rooms, a standard room for my parents and a single room for myself. 我订了两个房间，一个标准间给我爸妈，一个单人间给我自己。Your recent work has been below standard. 你最近的工作一直低于标准。row n. 一排、一行（复数：rows） 一列：column a row of trees一行树木 two rows of trees 两行树木in a row 排成一排；连续几次地 sit in rows 坐成一排排地sit in the back/ last row 坐在最后一排 sits in the first row 坐在第一排 sits in the front row 坐在前排 Tom sits in Row Three, just in front of me. = Tom sits in the third row, just in front of me.汤姆坐在第3排，刚好在我的前面。This is great! I got a front row seat. 太棒了！我买到了一个前排座位。Vegetables were planted in rows. 蔬菜一排排整齐地种着。The teaching building stands between the two rows of trees. 教学楼矗立在那两排树的中间。I remember scoring two goals in a row during a soccer competition. 我记得在一次足球比赛中连进两球。Please sit in a row. 请坐成一排。Students are sitting in rows in the classroom. 学生们在教室里一排排的坐着。We had three exams in a row. 我们连续考了三场考试。He has eaten 4 hamburgers in a row. 他已经连续吃了四个汉堡包了。This is the third rainy day in a row. 这是连续第三个下雨天了。（2）v. 划船：row a boat 划船 go rowing = go boating去划船 Look! The children are rowing a boat. 看！那些孩子们正在划船。Let’s go rowing this weekend. 这个周末让我们去划船吧。keyboard n. 琴键、键盘乐器（钢琴、电子琴、手风琴等）；键盘（复数：keyboards） There is a computer and a keyboard on the desk. 书桌上有一台电脑和一个键盘。He is a keyboard player in his band. He can play the piano very well. 他是他们乐队的键盘手。他可以弹钢琴弹得很好。I have learned to play the keyboard in music class.我已经在音乐课上学会了弹键盘式乐器。method n. 方法、措施（指有系统、有条理的办事方法，多用于专业领域， 复数：methods）teaching methods 教学方法 learning methods 学习方法 I think it’s a good method to solve the problem. 我认为这是个解决问题的好方法。We need to come up with more methods to stop the pollution. 我们需要想出更多的方法来阻止污染。instruction n. 指示、指令、命令①instruction 教师课堂的讲解、指导及要求。同manners相似，通常用复数形式。Clear and brief instructions are very important for any teacher in any class.在任何课堂上对任何老师来说，清晰扼要的讲解都至关重要。②instruction 仪器、药物等的“用法说明；使用说明” 以及操作步骤的具体“做法；要求”，与direction通用，也常用作复数。Read the instructions carefully before you take this medicine. 服用此药前请先仔细阅读说明。He gave really clear instructions during P.E. class.上体育课时他给出非常明确的讲解、指导。He gave us an instruction to finish the work as soon as possible. 他给了我们一个尽早完成这项工作的指示。Follow these instructions and you won’t make any mistakes. 遵循这些指令，你就不会犯错误。double adj. 两倍的；加倍的I ordered a double room. 我订了间双人房。They bought a double bed. 他们买了一个双人床。My telephone number is eight one double two three five four. 我的电话号码是8122354。She is doing double work now. 她正在做双份工作。You can buy things cheaply on Double Eleven online. 双十一那天你可以再网上买东西买得很便宜。Half the work with double results. 事半功倍。v. 加倍；是......的两倍I think we can double our marks in one year. 我认为我们可以在一年内把成绩翻一番。With the help of the teachers, my exam scores doubled last term. 在老师们的帮助下，上个学期我的考试成绩翻了一番。Students have less homework because of the “double reduction policy”. 因为双减政策学生们的作业减少了。The price of the house have doubled. 那个房子的价格已经翻了一番了。shall modal v. “将要、将会”，用于一般将来时：“主语 + will / shall + 动词原形”，常与tomorrow, next month, in two years等表示将来的时间状语连用，表示将来某个时候要发生的动作或存在的状态。注意：用shall时，主语为第一人称I 或we，shall not可缩写为shan’t；而will可用于各种人称。Sam won’t go to Alice’s party tomorrow. 萨姆明天将不会去爱丽丝的派对。I’m afraid I won’t/ shall not / shan’t be able to come to your party. 我恐怕我将不能来你的派对。（2）shall I和shall we可用于提出意见、建议或征求对方同意。Shall I drive the car? 我可以开这辆车吗？What shall we do this weekend? 我们这周末可以做些什么呢？look back at 回顾；回首往事；回忆Let’s look back at the words we learned yesterday. 让我们回顾一下昨天学了的单词。We should often look back at the knowledge we have learned before. 我们应该经常回顾那些我们之前已经学过的知识。I often look back at the old photos and remember the good times. 我经常回顾老照片，回忆那些美好时光。When I look back at my past three years, I remember many things. 当我回首过去三年时，我记起了许多事情。Every time I look back at my childhood, I cannot help missing my dear grandma.每当回忆童年生活，我总是忍不住想念我亲爱的祖母。I never look back at the old days with regret. 我从不带着懊悔的心情去回忆过去。overcome-overcame-overcome v. 克服；战胜 When we face difficulties, we have no choice but to overcome them. 当我们面对困难时，除了克服它们我们别无选择。She overcame all kinds of difficulties and won the Olympic gold metal. 她克服了各种困难，赢得了奥运金牌。He finally overcame his fear of flying and took his first flight. 他最终克服了对飞行的恐惧，进行了他的第一次飞行。She overcame her headache and finished the important exam. 她克服了她的头痛，完成了那次重要的考试。I’m glad that you have overcome your shyness. 我很开心你已经克服了你的羞怯。make a mess 弄得一团糟（一塌糊涂） in a mess 一团乱 What a mess! 真是一团乱啊！Don’t make a mess in my room. 不要在我的房间里弄得一团乱。I made a mess in my life. 我把我的生活弄得一团糟。I've made a real mess of my exams. 我考试彻底考砸了。Oh, your room is in a mess. 噢，你的房间一团乱。My life is in a mess. 我的生活一塌糊涂。Look! Here is rubbish everywhere in your room. What a mess! 看！你房间里到处都是垃圾。真是一团糟啊！graduate v. 毕业；获得学位 n. 毕业生（复数：graduates） graduate from 从......毕业 graduation n. 毕业（不可数名词） the graduation ceremony 毕业典礼 the graduation party 毕业派对He worked as a teacher after he graduated from college. 大学毕业后他当了老师。= After the gradation from college, he worked as a teacher. He graduated from Peking University. 他毕业于北京大学。I will graduate from junior high school next year. 明年我将要初中毕业了。We have many university graduates in our company. 我们公司有许多大学毕业生。After graduating from junior high school, you will enter a senior high school. 初中毕业后，你将进入高中。Tomorrow, my parents will attend my graduation ceremony. 明天我父母将会出席我的毕业典礼。I am going to Shanghai for further study after graduation. 毕业后我打算去上海深造学习。I agree that education should not end with our graduation. 教育不应该随着我们的毕业而结束。keep one’s cool 保持冷静；沉住气（此处cool意为“沉着的、冷静的”）keep/ stay cool = keep/stay calm 保持冷静Although I felt very angry, I still kept my cool. 即使我很生气，我仍然沉住气了。No matter what happened, you should keep your cool. 不管发生了什么，你都应该保持冷静。 You must keep cool when you’re in trouble. 当身处困境时你必须保持冷静。You should keep cool when you have an exam. 当你考试时，你应该保持沉着、冷静。caring adj. 关心他人的；体贴人的（常作定语）I miss my kind and caring teachers. 我想念我那些善良体贴的老师们。Children need to grow up in a caring environment. 孩子们需要在一个充满关怀的环境中长大。senior adj. 级别（或地位高的）senior high (school) 高中 junior high (school) 初中 primary school 小学kindergarten 幼儿园 text n. 课文；文本（复数：texts）Please try to find answers according to the text. 请尽力地根据课文找到答案。You should read the text carefully. 你应该仔细地阅读那篇文章。Sorry，I was playing the guitar when I got your text message. 抱歉，当我收到你短消息的时候，我正在弹吉他。Yesterday, I received many text messages from strangers. 昨天，我收到了许多陌生人的短信。go by （时间）逝去、过去Time goes by quickly. 时光飞逝。As time went by, she became more and more beautiful. 随着时光流逝，她变得越来越漂亮。As time goes by, the height of the mountain can change. 随着时间流逝，山的高度会发生改变。表示空间上经过、路过：pass by, go past, walk pastlevel n. 水平、级别、层次（复数：levels）a high/ low level 高水平、低水平 at... level 处于...... 水平sea level 海平线 ground level 地平线The scores of the two team are very close. They are at the same level. 两队的比分十分接近，他们的水平不相上下。It is a computer game with 15 levels. 这是一个有15个关卡的电子游戏。I think the medical level in the city is better than in the countryside.我认为城市的医疗水平比农村好。The heavy rain made the sea level go up. 大雨使海平面上升了。Thanks to your help, my English level have improved a lot. 多亏你的帮助，我的英语水平已经提高了许多。degree n. （大学）学位；（温度和数学里角的）度数；程度I hope to get a business degree and become a manager.我希望得到一个商业学位，变为一位经理。In 2018, she finished her master’s degree. 在2018年，她完成了她的硕士学位。Getting a doctor’s degree is not easy. 得到一个博士学位是不容易的。If the temperature drops below 0 degree, water turns into ice. 当温度降到0度以下，水会变成冰。In a certain degree, I agree with what you said just now. 在某种程度上，我赞同你刚才说的话。manager n. 经理；经营者（复数：managers）He is the manager in the company. 他是那个公司的经理。I hope to get a business degree and become a manager. 我希望能获得一个商业学位并且成为一位经理。believe in = trust 信任；信赖I believe in our government. 我信任我们的政府。I believe in him, because he is always an honest boy. 我信任他，因为他一直都是个诚实的男孩。You can do it. Just believe in yourself. 你可以做到的。相信你自己。thirsty adj. 渴望的；口渴的 be thirsty for sth/ doing sth 渴望；渴求Are you thirsty? Would you like something to drink? 你渴吗？你要来点喝的吗？After a long walk, I felt very thirsty. 走了很长一段路之后，我感到非常口渴。We are thirsty for knowledge. 我们渴望知识。We are thirsty for learning more knowledge. 我们渴望学习更多知识。The boy is thirsty for more love from his parents. 那个男孩渴望从父母那里得到更多的爱。Everyone in the world is thirsty for a happy and wonderful life. 世界上的每个人都渴望幸福美好的生活。 congratulate v. 祝贺 congratulation n. 祝贺（常用复数形式：congratulations）congratulate sb on/upon (doing) sth 在(做)某事上祝贺某人 congratulations to sb. 祝贺某人I must congratulate you. 我必须向你祝贺。Tom congratulated me warmly on my new job. 汤姆恭贺了我找到了新工作。Tom congratulated Bob on winning the table tennis game. 汤姆恭贺了鲍勃赢得了乒乓球比赛。I congratulated him on his good exam results yesterday. 昨天我祝贺他获得了好成绩。Congratulations! I’m glad that you’ve got good exam results. 恭喜！我很高兴你取得了好成绩。He said “Congratulations”to me just now. 刚才他对我说了“恭喜”。Congratulations on your perfect performance. 恭贺你的完美表现。Congratulations to all of you. 恭喜你们所有人。Congratulations to you! I hear that you have passed the exam. 祝贺你！我听说你通过了考试。thankful adj. 感谢；感激be thankful to sb 对某人心存感激be thankful for sth 感谢某事be thankful to sb for sth 因某事而感谢某人We must be thankful to the people who have helped us before. 我们必须对之前帮助过我们的人心存感激。I am very thankful for your encouraging words. 我很感激你鼓励我的话。You should be thankful to your parents for giving you a good education. 你应该感谢父母给了你良好的教育。 I’m really thankful to my teachers for their help. 我非常感激我的老师们给了我帮助。lastly adv. 最后（表示顺序在最后，同义词finally） Lastly, I’d like to ask you about your plans. 最后，我想问下你们的计划。Lastly, could I ask you to keep the information a secret ? 最后，我可以请求你们将这个信息保守成秘密吗？task n. 任务；工作（复数：tasks）It’s a very important task. 这是个非常重要的任务。I have a new task for you. 我有一个新任务要给你们。ahead of （时间、空间）在......前面 ahead adv. 向前面；往前面I saw a lake ahead. 我看到前面有一个湖。There is a river ahead of us. 在我们前面有一条河。The project was completed ahead of the schedule. 项目在日程之前就被完成了。（提前完成了）There will be more parks ahead of next year. 明年之前，这里会有更多的公园。along with 连同；除什么之外（还有）连同、和......一起：注意：连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的数应和along with前面的那个主语保持一致。He, along with his two friends, is going to Hong Kong next month.他，和他的两个朋友一起，打算下个月去香港。Sara along with her parents has stayed in Beijing for three weeks. Sara和她父母一起已经在北京待了三周了。I always feel very happy along with friends. 和朋友们一起，我总是感到很高兴。 Mom sent me some money along with her letter. 妈妈随信一起给我寄了一些钱。除什么之外（还有）= besides = in addition to Along with the newspaper, Sam brought a cup of coffee to Mr. Black. 除了报纸，萨姆还给布莱克先生买了一杯咖啡。Along with the sandwich, Daisy ate a chocolate cake. 除了三明治，黛西还吃了一个巧克力蛋糕。responsible adj. 有责任心的 be responsible for sb/ sth/ doing sth 对......有责任心；负责任be responsible for oneself 对某人自己负责We should be responsible for ourselves. 我们应该对自己负责。She is responsible for training new players. 她负责训练新运动员。She is responsible for her work and strict with her students. 她对自己的工作负责任并且对她的学生十分严格。相关词：responsibility n. 责任、责任感、责任心（不可数名词）take responsibility for (doing) sth. 承担(做)某事的责任We must take responsibility for our own actions. 我们必须为我们的行为负责。He should take responsibility for the accident. 他应该为这场事故负责。Take responsibility for living your own life. 对你自己的生活负起责任来。separate adj. 单独的、分离的 Men and women have separate exercise rooms. 男女有各自的健身房。The children are sleeping in separate beds. 孩子们正在独自的房间里睡觉。Although we go our separate ways, you will always be my friends in my heart. 虽然我们就要各奔东西了，在我心里你们永远是我的好朋友。v. 分离、分开 separate from 分离、分开 separate A from B 把A和B分开I don’t want to separate from my parents. 我不想和我父母分开。Don’t separate my best friend from me. 不要把我的好朋友和我分开。Can you separate the good ones from the bad ones? 你可以把好的和坏的分开吗？Please separate meat from the other food in the fridge. 请将冰箱里的肉和其他事物分开。（3）separation n. 分离、分开（不可数名词）Separation from his friends made him sad. 他和他朋友的分开让他感到很伤心。create 创造、创建既可以指创造出抽象的或精神上的东西，如艺术、文学作品中的人物等； 也可以指创造出新的具体事物discover 发现、发觉 discovery n. 发现指发现原已存在，但不被人们所熟知的事物。discover the New World 发现新大陆 discover a body 发现尸体discover the truth 查明真相 invent 发明、创造 指创造出原本不存在的东西, 尤其是科技发明sound指自然界所有的声音，泛泛而谈时为不可数名词；具体的一种声音，可数voice指人的声音、嗓音sleepn. 睡眠（不可数）v. 睡觉 go to bed 去睡觉 go to sleep 入睡asleepadj. 睡着的 fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 睡着的besides作介词时，表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“除了”的宾语被包括在句子所表述的事情范围之内(表示相加)。besideprep. 在.....的旁边 except作介词时，表示“除了……之外，没有……”，指 “除了”的宾语不计算在内，被排除在句子所表述的事情范围之外(从总数中减去或表示例外)。