2023-2024学年福建省福州市六校高一(下)期末英语试卷(含解析)
展开一、选词填空-句子:本大题共2小题,共15分。
(1) He gave up the struggle hpelessly. ______
(2) The bird spread pen its wings and flew away. ______
(3) They lked fr smewhere t shelter,but failed. ______
(4) At last the rganisatin started a campaign t prtect the river. ______
(5) Thugh shrt f experience,Jack made up fr it in enthusiasm. ______
(6) In the nursing prfessin,wmen are in the largest part f the grup. ______
(7) I had t chse anther way back hme,because the rad t my huse was being built at the mment. ______
(1) ______ difficulty,just call n me.
(1) He is always ______ mney befre payday.
(2) Beynd ______ ,smking is harmful t health.
(4) ______ her last letter,she is having a wnderful time.
(3) Smene ______ him leaving the building sn afterwards.
(4) In the lab,dn't tuch anything withut yur teacher's ______ .
(5) He made a sincere ______ t me fr spilling cffee n my dress.
(6) She gave me a ______ lk - the kind that said she wuld nt change her mind.
二、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共37.5分。
A
Make space in yur summer fr free fun
Yu dn't have t g t the mn t meet an astrnaut.Yu can d it at the Air and Space Museum n July 16.
Pineering pilt Amelia Earhart disappeared n a flight arund the glbe in 1937.But she'll be at the Natinal Air and Space Museum n July 16-the museum's first Family Day f the seasn-t tell yu all abut her adventures.(Okay,it's actually an actress pretending t be Earhart.) NASA astrnaut Patrick Frrester will be there t answer yur questins,t.Cme t learn hw space explratin changed the wrld.
Anther Family Day event takes place n July 25.At "Discver the Mn Day!" yu can steer (驾驶) a rbtic rver (a vehicle fr explring the surface f a planet),examine meterites (陨石) that were fund n the mn,see the capsule (太空舱) that tk the Apll 11 astrnauts there and back and view phts f the lunar surface using 3-D glasses.
Yu can create lunar art and take a mn quiz.We'll give yu ne example:July 20,1969-46 years ag this mnth.D yu knw what happened that day?
Natinal Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 a.m.t 7:30 p.m.thrugh September 1 (with a few early clsings at 5:30 p.m.;visit ur website fr details).
Family Day prgrams are frm 10 a.m.t 3 p.m.Infrmatin specialists are available Mnday thrugh Friday frm 9 a.m.t 5 p.m.and Saturday frm 9 a.m.t 4 p.m.
All ages,but best fr age 7 and lder.
Fr mre infrmatin,call 202-633-2214 r g t www.airandspace.si.edu.
3.What can museum visitrs d n July 16? ______
A. Create lunar art.
B. Step int an unusual capsule.
C. See a mvie abut Earhart's adventures.
D. Learn abut a missing wman pilt's adventures.
4.What d we knw abut "Discver the Mn Day!"? ______
A. It includes a mn quiz cmpetitin.
B. It's the first Family Day at the museum.
C. It features a famus astrnaut's explanatins.
D. It gives peple first-hand experience f space.
5.What's the clsing time fr the Family Day prgrams? ______
A. 3 p.m.B. 4 p.m.C. 5:30 p.m.D. 7:30 p.m.
B
I didn't quite knw what I was lking fr when I flew t Mnglia fr a term abrad.I just needed smething different,far frm the late-night libraries f my cllege twn.Mst different,I hped,wuld be my rural hmestay:tw weeks in central Mnglia with a family f nmadic(游牧的)herders.
I was studying Mnglian at the time,but still,there was s much I culdn't say r understand.As we walked in the snw behind the gats,my hst mm wuld ask me if I was cld,then giggle (咯咯地笑) and cpy a big shiver t make sure I understd.In the evenings,she shwed me hw t make dumplings with her fingers.My hst siblings wuld talk with me,speaking t fast fr me t understand,as we explred the rcks arund ur tent;I'd listen and nd.
This verbal(言语的) barrier was strangely freeing.In the crwded dining hall at hme,meeting new peple made me anxius.I'd stay quiet,measuring ut my wrds,struggling fr smething t say that wuldn't expse me as unfunny r bring.In Mnglia,I culdn't perfect my wrds.I culd nly smile,and try ut ne f the phrases I'd mastered:"May I help?""Where is the dg?""Are yu tired?"My hst family laughed at my prnunciatin,at the way I threw up my hands and eyebrws in a frequent gesture f cnfusin.But in their laughter,I felt safe,unembarrassed.
With my Mnglian family n the grassland,I fund a feeling f ease I'd never felt befre.We were s different,they and I,and nt just in language.Their skin was hardened and darkened by sun;I'd been hidden under hats and sunscreen since birth.My hst siblings(兄弟姐妹)grew up drawing water frm frzen streams and jgging behind herds f sheep;I spent summers at tennis camp.
Fr me,these gaps made all the difference.Withut shared scial measures,I wasted n time wndering hw I was measuring up.Only real things-kindness,helpfulness-mattered.
6.Why did the authr g t Mnglia fr a term abrad? ______
A. She dreamed f living a nmadic life.
B. She was tired f studying late at night.
C. She had t study Mnglians' nrmal life.
D. She was cllecting infrmatin fr libraries.
7.What des the underlined wrd "shiver" in paragraph 2 mean? ______
A. Hug.B. Smile.C. Attack.D. Shake.
8.Hw did the authr behave at the dining hall in her hme cuntry? ______
A. She felt at ease in the crwd.
B. She usually weighed her wrds.
C. She asked a lt f funny questins.
D. She ften made thers laugh with jkes.
9.What did the authr learn frm her life in Mnglia? ______
A. Yu are judged wherever yu g.
B. Nature makes humans feel insignificant.
C. Appearance reflects ne's standard f life.
D. Being kind is the cmmn scial standard.
C
Imagine yu fund a wallet cntaining a stranger's cntact details but n cash.Wuld yu return it t its wner?Nw imagine the same wallet cntained a few bankntes.Wuld that change yur respnse?Des it depend n the amunt f mney?And hw d yu think ther peple wuld react?
Hnesty makes the wrld g rund.Withut peple trusting in ne anther,sciety wuld fall apart.Hnesty is therefre studied academically.Mst wrk in the area,thugh,takes place under cntrlled cnditins in labs,ften featuring(以…为特点)well-ff and well-educated Westerners as its subjects.By cntrast,Alain Chn f the University f Michigan and his clleagues have taken such behaviral ecnmics arund the wrld,cvering 40 cuntries,355 cities and mre than 17,000 peple.
As the team reprted this week in Science,Dr Chn's research assistants entered public buildings.They handed in a wallet t the receptinist,saying they had fund it n the street utside.Each wallet cntained cntact details.Imprtantly,sme wallets als included $13.45,while thers nt.Then,the team simply waited t see wh wuld return the wallet.
In 38 f the 40 cuntries,the wallets with mney were returned mre ften than thse withut(51% vs 40%).In additin,wallets cntaining a larger sum f mney($94.15)were even mre likely(by abut anther 10%)t be returned than thse with less.
With greater temptatin(诱惑),then,cmes greater hnesty —at least when it cmes t lst wallets.Interestingly,thugh,such hnesty is nt reflected in peple's expectatins f thers.When surveyed,mst f 299 vlunteers predicted that the mre mney in a wallet,the less likely it wuld be returned.
A certain dubt abut the mtives f thers is prbably gd fr survival.But the warm inner thught f "ding the right thing" is als a pwerful mtivatin.Hw this altruism develped is much debated—particularly when it extends,as in Dr Chn's experiments,t strangers whm the altruist has n expectatin f ever meeting.Be that as it may,as this study shws,such altruism is real and universal.
10.Hw is Alain Chn's research different frm the previus? ______
A. It was carried ut in cntrlled situatins.
B. Mre scientists participated in the research.
C. It cvered varied subjects and backgrunds.
D. It tk n accunt f well-educated Westerners.
11.What can we learn frm the research? ______
A. Rate f hnesty varies amng cuntries.
B. Peple prefer returning wallets withut mney.
C. The less mney in a wallet,the higher rate f returning.
D. Wallets with mre mney are mre likely t be given back.
12.What can be inferred frm paragraph 5? ______
A. Peple are mre hnest than we expect.
B. Peple tend t expect hnesty frm thers.
C. Mre mney always means greater hnesty.
D. Mst peple lse hnesty facing great temptatin.
13.What des the underlined wrd " altruism" in the last paragraph mean? ______
A. Dubt f thers' mtivatins.B. Understanding f peple's dubt.
C. The mtivatin fr survival.D. Cncern fr thers' needs.
D
The meaning f silence varies amng cultural grups.Silences may be thughtful,r they may be empty when a persn has nthing t say.A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness,uneasiness,r wrry.Silence may be viewed by sme cultural grups as extremely uncmfrtable;therefre attempts may be made t fill every gap(间隙) with cnversatin.Persns in ther cultural grups value silence and view it as necessary fr understanding a persn's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part f cmmunicating amng peple,just as sme traditinal Chinese and Thai persns d.Therefre,when a persn frm ne f these cultures is speaking and suddenly stps,what may be implied(暗示) is that the persn wants the listener t cnsider what has been said befre cntinuing.In these cultures,silence is a call fr reflectin.
Other cultures may use silence in ther ways,particularly when dealing with cnflicts amng peple r in relatinships f peple with different amunts f pwer.Fr example,Russian,French,and Spanish persns may use silence t shw agreement between parties abut the tpic under discussin.Hwever,Mexicans may use silence when instructins are given by a persn in authrity rather than be rude t that persn by arguing with him r her.In still anther use,persns in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign f respect,particularly t an elder r a persn in authrity.
Nurses and ther care-givers need t be aware f the pssible meanings f silence when they cme acrss the persnal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses shuld recgnize their wn persnal and cultural cnstructin f silence s that a patient's silence is nt interrupted t early r allwed t g n unnecessarily.A nurse wh understands the healing(治愈) value f silence can use this understanding t assist in the care f patients frm their wn and frm ther cultures.
14.What des the authr say abut silence in cnversatins? ______
A. It implies anger.B. It prmtes friendship.
C. It is culture-specific.D. It is cntent-based.
15.Which f the fllwing peple might regard silence as a call fr careful thught? ______
A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.
16.What des the authr advise nurses t d abut silence? ______
A. Let it cntinue as the patient pleases.
B. Break it while treating patients.
C. Evaluate its harm t patients.
D. Make use f its healing effects.
17.What may be the best title fr the text? ______
A. Sund and Silence
B. What It Means t Be Silent
C. Silence t Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gld
三、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共12.5分。
Flrence Nightingale was named after her birthplace,Flrence,Italy.When she was almst a year ld,she returned with her family t England.
Flrence ften helped her mther deliver fd t the pr and sick.(1) ______ .Her family was shcked because nursing was nt a respected prfessin.
But Flrence was determined.She studied bks n medicine.Later,she visited hspitals in France,Germany and Ireland and learned everything she culd. (2) ______ .
In 1854,Britain was at war with Russia.Flrence went t the British hspital in Scutari(nw Üsküdar in Istanbul)and she was shcked.The hspital left men lying n the flr,and rats were running everywhere. (3) ______ .Many sldiers died befre receiving help.
The dctrs wuldn't listen t Flrence because they didn't like the idea f wmen in army hspitals - until ne day 500 unexpected casualties(伤亡者)arrived.(4) ______ .Flrence made changes,making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared fr.Every night she wuld check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned hme after the war,a fund had been set up in her hnr.Many f the sldiers she had nursed had made cntributins.Nw she culd set up the Nightingale Training Schl in Lndn.
After years f hard wrk,Flrence Nightingale saw cleaner and mre cheerful hspitals. (5) ______ .All f this was because f the "lady with the lamp".
A.Nursing became an hnred prfessin.
B.There was n running water and n heat.
C.She knew she had much t learn abut nursing.
D.Flrence saw the sldiers' health had imprved.
E.As she grew lder,she decided t becme a nurse.
F.They sn realized that Flrence knew what she was ding.
G.Upn returning hme,she was an expert n hspital management.
18.A. A B. B C. C D. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. A B. B C. C D. DE. EF. FG. G
21.A. A B. B C. C D. DE. EF. FG. G
22.A. A B. B C. C D. DE. EF. FG. G
四、完形填空:本大题共15小题,共15分。
I used t walk arund the stre with my parents,cnstantly begging fr smething.I still remember the (1) ______ f all the bright bags f chips and candies that I asked my mm t buy fr me.At that time,I had n real (2) ______ abut the value f mney.
When I was abut twelve years ld,my dad always (3) ______ my begging and tld me with an angry face, "Yu can waste all the mney yu (4) ______ when yu have a jb." I listened t him,but I never really understd the message he was trying t (5) ______ t me.
I (6) ______ t find a part-time jb when I was 18.One day,a yung man handed me a flyer (传单),which said at the tp "Lking fr a summer jb?Be a (7) ______ !" I started t think abut the mney I culd make,s I (8) ______ .A few minutes after my applicatin was sent,I gt an email frm AMS Pls,infrming me t have a(n)( 9) ______ the next day.
After I (10) ______ the training prcess,I finally started the jb.Every afternn,I wrked in the pl,keeping a clse watch n the swimming peple.I was prud I rescued several drwning children.And I culd earn my pcket mney with my skill.Hwever,the mre mney I made,the less I wanted t (11) ______ .Instead f wasting my mney n (12) ______ things,I started saving up.As the pay (13) ______ ,s did my understanding f mney.I came t (14) ______ that mney meant s much mre t me because I was the ne wrking fr it.Because I value my mney,I limit myself t what I buy.I nw have 3,300 dllars in my bank (15) ______ .
23.A. phtB. sceneC. symblD. dream
24.A. knwledgeB. cmmandC. skillD. technlgy
25.A. fllwedB. appreciatedC. refusedD. accepted
26.A. earnB. sptC. lseD. discver
27.A. annunceB. expressC. intrduceD. admit
28.A. failedB. agreedC. pretendedD. decided
29.A. waiterB. secretaryC. nurseD. lifeguard
30.A. appliedB. quitC. stayedD. stpped
31.A. instructinB. interviewC. perfrmanceD. flight
32.A. came acrssB. tk verC. gave upD. went thrugh
33.A. eatB. saveC. spendD. d
34.A. meaningfulB. uselessC. imprtantD. necessary
35.A. increasedB. remainedC. drppedD. flated
36.A. cmplainB. cmmentC. regretD. realize
37.A. accuntB. passwrdC. bkD. lg (徽标)
五、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。
38.China's space prgramme started later than(1) ______ (that)f Russia and the US,but it has made great prgress in a shrt time.China became the third cuntry in the wrld t(2) ______ (independent)send humans int space in 2003,(3) ______ Yang Liwei successfully rbited Earth in the Shenzhu 5 spacecraft.Then Shenzhu 6 and 7 cmpleted(4) ______ secnd manned rbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,(5) ______ (fllw)by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent t the mn t study its surface.On 23 July 2020,Tianwen I(6) ______ (send)by China t explre the surface f Mars.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lts f(7) ______ (value)infrmatin.And frm 2021 t 2022,China cmpleted a number f rcket missins t establish its wn space statin.In 2022,the launch f the Mengtian mdule signaled the basic(8) ______ (cmplete)f the Tiangng Space Statin.This mdern space statin will allw astrnauts(9) ______ (cnduct)many imprtant experiments,greatly(10) ______ (further)ur understanding f the universe.
六、书面表达:本大题共1小题,共25分。
39.假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Jim在了解中国完成世界首次月球背面采样(sampling)的新闻后,发来邮件和你讨论探月话题。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括:
(1)月亮在中国文化中的寓意;
(2)你对人类探月活动的看法。
注意:
(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
I'm glad t share with yu abut my strng interest in mn explratin.
Yurs,
Li Hua
答案解析
1.(1)E
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
(5)F
(6)D
(7)G
【解析】(1)考查介词短语。句意:他绝望地放弃了斗争。"hpelessly"的同义词为介词短语"in despair绝望地",故选E。
(2)考查动词。句意:那只鸟张开翅膀飞走了。"spread pen"的同义词为动词"unflded张开",描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故选C。
(3)考查动词。句意:他们想找个地方避难,但没有找到。"lked"的同义词为动词"sught"和fr连用表示"寻找",描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故选A。
(4)考查动词。句意:最后,该组织发起了一场保护河流的运动。"started"的同义词为"launched发起",描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故选B。
(5)考查形容词短语。句意:杰克虽然缺乏经验,但热情弥补了这一点。"shrt f"的同义词为形容词短语"lacking in缺乏",故选F。
(6)考查名词。句意:在护理职业中,女性所占比例最大。"largest part f the grup."的同义词为名词"majrity大多数",故选D。
(7)考查介词短语。句意:我不得不选择另一条回家的路,因为当时通往我家的路正在修建中。"being built"的同义词为介词短语"under cnstructin在修建中",故选G。
(1)他绝望地放弃了斗争。
(2)那只鸟张开翅膀飞走了。
(3)他们想找个地方避难,但没有找到。
(4)最后,该组织发起了一场保护河流的运动。
(5)杰克虽然缺乏经验,但热情弥补了这一点。
(6)在护理职业中,女性所占比例最大。
(7)我不得不选择另一条回家的路,因为当时通往我家的路正在修建中。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法,判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性,从而正确的选词,进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境,确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后,可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。
2.(1)In case f
(2)running ut f
(3)argument
(4)Judging frm
(5)sptted
(6)permissin
【解析】(1)考查。句意:万一有困难,就来找我。根据句意可知此处为介词短语"in case f万一",后跟名词,句首单词首字母大写,故填In case f。
(2)考查。句意:他总是在发薪日前就把钱花光了。根据句意可知此处为"run ut f用光",和主语之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词和is构成现在完成时态,故填running ut f。
(3)考查。句意:毋庸置疑,吸烟有害健康。根据句意可知此处为不可数名词argue的名词"argument",构成介词短语beynd argument"毋庸置疑",故填argument。
(4)考查。句意:从她的上一封信来看,她过得很愉快。根据句意可知此处为"judge frm根据……判断",常用现在分词作状语,句首单词首字母大写,故填Judging frm。
(5)考查。句意:不久之后,有人发现他离开了大楼。根据句意可知此处为"spt发现",描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故填sptted。
(6)考查。句意:在实验室里,未经老师允许,不要触摸任何东西。根据句意可知此处为permit的名词"permissin允许",作介词的宾语,故填permissin。
(7)考查。句意:他因把咖啡洒在我的衣服上而向我真诚道歉。根据句意和前面的不定冠词a,可知此处为aplgise的名词单数形式"aplgy道歉",作宾语故填aplgy。
(8)考查。句意:她坚定地看了我一眼——那种表示她不会改变主意的眼神。根据句意可知此处为determine的形容词"determined坚定的",在定语修饰名词,故填determined。
(1)万一有困难,就来找我。
(2)他他总是在发薪日前就把钱花光了。
(3)毋庸置疑,吸烟有害健康。
(4)从她的上一封信来看,她过得很愉快。
(5)不久之后,有人发现他离开了大楼。
(6)在实验室里,未经老师允许,不要触摸任何东西。
(7)他因把咖啡洒在我的衣服上而向我真诚道歉。
(8)她坚定地看了我一眼——那种表示她不会改变主意的眼神。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法,判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性,从而正确的选词,进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境,确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后,可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。
3~5.D、D、A
【解析】1.D.细节理解题.根据第二段中的"Pineering pilt Amelia Earhart disappeared n a flight"和"n July 16…t tell yu all abut her adventures"可知,在7月16日博物馆的家庭日活动中,游客可以了解一些关于Earhart这名失踪的女飞行员的历险故事.故选D.
2.D.细节理解题.根据第三段中列举的"发现月球日"活动:steer a rbtic rver,examine meterites,see the capsule和view phts f the lunar surface可知,该活动给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会.故选D.
3.A.细节理解题.根据文章后半部分中的"Family Day prgrams are frm 10 a.m.t 3 p.m."可知,家庭日活动到下午3点结束.故选A.
本文是应用文.文章是美国国家航空航天博物馆的活动介绍.
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.
6~9.B、D、B、D
【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第一段的I didn't quite knw what I was lking fr when I flew t Mnglia fr a term abrad.I just needed smething different,far frm the late-night libraries f my cllege twn.(当我飞往蒙古去国外学习的时候,我并不知道我在寻找什么。我只是需要一些不同的东西,远离我大学城的深夜图书馆)可知,作者去蒙古留学一学期是因为她厌倦了深夜学习。故选B。
(2)词义猜测题。根据第二段的I was studying Mnglian at the time,but still,there was s much I culdn't say r understand.As we walked in the snw behind the gats,my hst mm wuld ask me if I was cld,then giggle (咯咯地笑) and cpy a big shiver t make sure I understd.(当时我正在学习蒙古语,但仍然有很多东西我说不出来或听不懂。当我们跟在山羊后面走在雪地里的时候,我的寄宿妈妈问我冷不冷,然后咯咯地笑,并模仿一个大大的……,以确保我明白)可知,因为下雪了天冷而作者不能完全听懂蒙古语,因此寄宿妈妈会做一个发抖的动作问作者冷不冷,则划线词意为:颤抖。A.Hug拥抱;B.Smile微笑;C.Attack攻击;D.Shake颤抖。故选D。
(3)推理判断题。根据第三段的In the crwded dining hall at hme,meeting new peple made me anxius.I'd stay quiet,measuring ut my wrds,struggling fr smething t say that wuldn't expse me as unfunny r bring.(在国内拥挤的食堂里,结识新朋友让我感到焦虑。我会保持安静,掂量着自己的用词,挣扎着想说点什么,这样才不会让人觉得我无趣或无聊)可知,作者在国内的食堂里经常斟酌用词以避免说话的无趣。故选B。
(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段的Fr me,these gaps made all the difference.Withut shared scial measures,I wasted n time wndering hw I was measuring up.Only real things-kindness,helpfulness-mattered.(对我来说,这些差距让一切变得不同。没有共同的社交衡量标准,我没有浪费时间去想我是如何衡量的。只有真正的东西——善良,乐于助人——才是重要的)可知,作者从她在蒙古的生活中感悟到善良是共同的社会准则,不分国度。故选D。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在蒙古留学的经历,她发现与游牧家庭相处时,语言不再是障碍,善良和真诚才是重要的社会标准。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
10~13.C、D、A、D
【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第二段Mst wrk in the area,thugh,takes place under cntrlled cnditins in labs,ften featuring(以…为特点)well-ff and well-educated Westerners as its subjects.By cntrast Alain Chn f the University f Michigan and his clleagues have taken such behaviral ecnmics arund the wrld,cvering 40 cuntries,355 cities and mre than 17,000 peple.(不过,该领域的大多数研究都是在实验室可控的条件下进行的,研究对象往往是富裕且受过良好教育的西方人。相比之下,密歇根大学的阿兰•科恩和他的同事将这种行为经济学带到世界各地,覆盖了40个国家、355个城市和超过17000人。)可知,Alain Chn的研究与以往不同,他的研究涵盖了不同的对象和背景,故选C。
(2)推理判断题。根据第四段In 38 f the 40 cuntries,the wallets with mney were returned mre ften than thse withut (51% vs 40%).In additin,wallets cntaining a larger sum f mney(﹩94.15)were even mre likely(by abut anther 10%) t be returned than thse with less.(在40个国家中,有38个国家有钱的钱包被返还的频率高于那些没有钱的钱包(分别为51%和40%)。此外,钱较多的钱包(94.15美元)比那些没有那么多钱的钱包更有可能被退还(差距约10%)。)可知,研究表明,钱包里的钱越多就越有可能被归还,故选 D。
(3)推理判断题。根据第五段With greater temptatin(诱惑),then,cmes greater hnesty—at least when it cmes t lst wallets.Interestingly,thugh,such hnesty is nt reflected in peple's expectatins f thers.(那么,越有诱惑越有诚信--至少对遗失的钱包来说是这样。然而,有趣的是,这种诚实并没有反映在人们对他人的期望中。)可知,从第五段得知人们比我们想象得更诚实,故选A。
(4)猜测词义题。根据最后一段A certain dubt abut the mtives f thers is prbably gd fr survival.But the warm inner thught f "ding the right thing" is als a pwerful mtivatin.Hw this altruism develped is much debated—particularly when it extends,as in Dr Chn's experiments,t strangers whm the altruist has n expectatin f ever meeting(对别人的动机有一定的怀疑,大概对生存有好处。但"做正确的事"这种温暖的内心想法也是一种强大的动力。这种_____是如何发展的备受争议——特别是当它延伸到利他主义者不期望会遇到的陌生人身上时,就像科恩博士的实验一样)可知altruism的意思是"关心他人的需求"。A.Dubt f thers' mtivatins.对他人动机的怀疑;B.Understanding f peple's dubt.理解人们的疑惑;C.The mtivatin fr survival.生存的动力;D.Cncern fr thers' needs.关心他人的需求。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了Alain Chn博士进行了一项用金钱参与的研究,试图探测不同人的诚实度。研究表明,人们的诚实是真实而普遍的。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
14~17.C、A、D、B
【解析】(1)C.细节理解题。根据第一段The meaning f silence varies amng cultural grups.A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness,uneasiness,r wrry.沉默的含义因文化群体而异,交谈中的沉默也可能表示固执、不安或担忧。可知,作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的,故选C。
(2)A.细节理解题。根据第二段Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part f cmmunicating amng peple,just as sme traditinal Chinese and Thai persns d.Therefre,when a persn frm ne f these cultures is speaking and suddenly stps,what may be implied(暗示) is that the persn wants the listener t cnsider what has been said befre cntinuing.许多印第安人珍视沉默,认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分,就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此,当一个来自其中一种文化的人说话时突然停下来,暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。可知,中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考,故选A。
(3)D.推理判断题。根据最后一段A nurse wh understands the healing value f silence can use this understanding t assist in the care f patients.了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种了解来帮助护理病人。可知,作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人,故选D。
(4)B.标题归纳题。根据第一段The meaning f silence varies amng cultural grups.沉默的含义因文化群体而异。以及先问介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。所以短文的最佳标题是B.What It Means t Be Silent"沉默意味着什么",故选B。
本文是一篇健康环保类阅读,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
18~22.E、G、B、F、A
【解析】(1)E.推理判断题。根据后文 Her family was shcked because nursing was nt a respected prfessin (职业).可知她的家人感到震惊,因为护理不是一个受人尊敬的职业。E项:As she grew lder,she decided t becme a nurse.随着年龄的增长,她决定成为一名护士。符合文意,故选E.
(2)G.细节理解题。根据前文She studied bks n medicine.Later,she visited hspitals in France,Germany and Ireland and learned everything she culd.可知她研究了医学方面的书籍.后来,她访问了法国、德国和爱尔兰的医院,并学到了她所能学到的一切。G项:Upn returning hme,she was an expert n hspital management.回家后,她是医院管理方面的专家。符合文意,故选G.
(3)B.推理判断题。根据前文The hspital left men lying n the flr,and rats were running everywhere.可知医院里的人躺在地板上,老鼠四处奔跑。由此可知,此处介绍了医院的环境。B项:There was n running water and n heat.没有自来水也没有暖气。符合文意,故选B.
(4)F.联系上文题。根据前文The dctrs wuldn't listen t Flrence because they didn't like the idea f wmen in army hspitals-until ne day 500 unexpected casualties (伤亡者) arrived.可知医生们不听佛罗伦萨的话,因为他们不喜欢军队医院里的女性观念,直到有一天有500人意外死亡。F项:他们很快意识到佛罗伦萨可以伸出援助之手。符合文意,故选F.
(5)A.推理判断题。根据前文After years f hard wrk,Flrence Nightingale saw cleaner and mre cheerful hspitals.可知经过多年的努力,弗洛伦斯•南丁格尔看到了更清洁、更愉快的医院。A项:Nursing became an hnred prfessin.护理成为一个光荣的职业。符合文意,故选A.
本文是一篇选句填空,文章主要介绍了弗洛伦斯•南丁格尔经常帮助母亲送食物给穷人和病人,从而引导她决心成为一名护士。听到这个消息,她的家人很震惊,应为护理不是一个受人尊重的职业。最后弗洛伦斯•南丁格尔向世人证明了,护士是一个光荣的职业。
七选五题型看似简单,实际上有时完全做对并不容易,需要方法和分析能力及足够的耐力,有必要进行专门练习。首先,快速浏览一遍七个备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置;其次,快速浏览文章,确定文章体裁,抓住文章结构,分析篇章结构,找出各段的主题句或主旨大意;其三,注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段,寻找句中衔接标志词,七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项,会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰,这时要特别细致地比对相似选项;最后,用代入法,检查答案是否合理,将所有选择答案放回空白处,通读全文,检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题,语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑,写作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用语是否恰当贴切,从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
23~37.B、A、C、A、B、D、D、A、B、D、C、B、A、D、A
【解析】(1)考查名词及语境理解。A.pht照片;B.scene场景,情景;C.symbl象征;D.dream梦想。句意:我仍然记得我要妈妈给我买那些鲜艳的袋装的炸薯条和糖果的场景。根据上文"I used t walk arund the stre with my parents,cnstantly begging fr smething."可知,作者总是让父母给他买东西,此处指作者仍然记着缠着父母买东西的场景。故选B。
(2)考查名词及语境理解。A.knwledge知识,了解;B.cmmand命令,控制;C.skill技能;D.technlgy技术。句意:那时候,还没有真正认识到金钱的价值。根据下文"When I was abut twelve years ld,my dad always(3)my begging and tld me with an angry face, 'Yu can waste all the mney yu(4)when yu have a jb.' I listened t him,but I never really understd the message he was trying t(5)t me."以及下文"I came t(14)that mney meant s much mre t me because I was the ne wrking fr it. "可知,那时候作者并不真正了解金钱的价值。固定搭配have knwledge abut smething意为"了解……"。故选A。
(3)考查动词及语境理解。A.fllwed跟随;B.appreciated欣赏;C.refused拒绝;D.accepted 接受。句意:当我大约十二岁时,我父亲总是拒绝我的乞求,并生气地对我说:"当你工作时,你可以浪费你挣来的所有钱。"根据下文"tld me with an angry face"可知,父亲对我总是要钱买东西很生气,所以他应是拒绝作者买东西的请求。故选C。
(4)考查动词及语境理解。A.earn赚取;B.spt发现,注意到;C.lse丢失;D.discver发现。句意:当我大约十二岁时,我父亲总是拒绝我的乞求,并生气地对我说:"当你工作时,你可以浪费你挣来的所有钱。"结合空前"Yu can waste all the mney"以及空后"when yu have a jb"可知,父亲说的是作者自己工作时赚的钱。earn mney意为"赚钱"。故选A。
(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.annunce宣布;B.express表达;C.intrduce介绍;D.admit承认。句意:我听了他的话,但我从没有真正地理解他试图表达给我的信息。"he was trying t(5)t me"是省略了关系代词的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the message,在从句中作宾语。结合前文"I listened t him,but I never understd the message"可知,尽管听了父亲的话,但是并不能理解父亲所说的话要表达的信息。故选B。
(6)考查动词及语境理解。A.failed失败;B.agreed同意;C.pretended假装;D.decided决定。句意:18岁时,我决定找一份兼职工作。根据下文"I started t think abut the mney I culd make,s I(8).A few minutes after my applicatin was sent,I gt an email frm AMS Pls,infrming me t have a(n)(9)the next day."可知,作者决定做兼职赚钱,发了求职邮件。故选D。
(7)考查名词及语境理解。A.waiter服务员;B.secretary秘书;C.nurse护士;D.lifeguard救生员。句意:一天,一个年轻人递给我一张传单,上面写着:"正在寻找暑期工作?成为一名救生员吧!"根据下文"A few minutes after my applicatin was sent,I gt an email frm AMS Pls,infrming me t have a(n)(9)the next day."以及"Every afternn,I wrked in the pl,keeping a clse watch n the swimming peple.I was prud I rescued several drwning children."可知,作者找到的兼职是在游泳馆当救生员,由此可知,年轻人递给作者的传单是招救生员的。故选D。
(8)考查动词及语境理解。A.applied申请;B.quit离开,放弃;C.stayed停留;D.stpped停止。句意:我开始思考我可以挣点钱,因此我申请了这个工作。根据下句"A few minutes after my applicatin was sent,I gt an email frm AMS Pls"可知,作者申请了上文所提到的救生员的工作。故选A。
(9)考查名词及语境理解。A.instructin说明;B.interview面试;C.perfrmance表演;D.flight飞行。句意:我的申请提交过了几分钟后,我收到了AMS泳池的一封电子邮件,通知我第二天要面试。根据句中"A few minutes after my applicatin was sent,I gt an email frm AMS Pls"以及常识可知,作者申请了这份工作,收到一封邮件,通知作者进行面试。故选B。
(10)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.came acrss偶然遇见;B.tk ver接管;C.gave up放弃;D.went thrugh经历,经过。句意:在我经过了训练过程后,我终于开始工作了。根据句中"I finally started the jb"可知,作者经过培训后开始工作了。短语g thrugh sth意为"经过/经历某过程"符合语境。故选D。
(11)考查动词及语境理解。A.eat吃;B.save节约,储蓄;C.spend花费;D.d做。句意:然而,我赚的越多,我想花费的反而越少。根据句首的"Hwever"以及下文"Instead f wasting my mney n(12)things,I started saving up."可知,作者虽然挣了钱,反而花的越少,开始把钱攒了起来。故选C。
(12)考查形容词及语境理解。A.meaningful有意义的;B.useless无用的;C.imprtant重要的;D.necessary必要的,必须的。句意:我不是把钱浪费在无用的东西上,而是开始存钱。由空前的"wasting my mney n"可知作者不再把钱浪费在无用的东西上,把钱花费在没有用的东西上才是浪费,因此,useless符合语境。故选B。
(13)考查动词及语境理解。A.increased增加;B.remained仍然是;C.drpped降低,减少;D.flated漂浮。句意:随着工资的增加,我对金钱的理解也随之增加。根据下文"I came t(14)that mney meant s much mre t me because I was the ne wrking fr it.Because I value my mney,I limit myself t what I buy."可知,作者对于金钱的理解在增加,结合句中的"s did my understanding f mney"可知作者工资在增加,对钱的理解也随着增加。故选A。
(14)考查动词及语境理解。A.cmplain抱怨;B.cmment评论;C.regret后悔;D.realize实现,意识到。句意:我开始意识到金钱对我来说意味着很多,因为我是为它而工作的人。根据上文"At that time,I had n real(2)abut the value f mney."、"As the pay (13),s did my understanding f mney."以及空后的"that mney meant s much mre t me."可知,暑期做兼职赚钱让作者开始意识到了钱的价值。固定搭配cme t realize"开始意识到"符合句意。故选D。
(15)考查名词及语境理解。A.accunt账户;B.passwrd密码;C.bk书;D.lg徽标。句意:现在我的银行账户有3300美元的存款了。根据上文"Instead f wasting my mney n(12)things,I started saving up."以及句中的"bank"可知,作者把钱存在银行里,现在银行账户里有3300美元的存款,bank accunt意为"银行账户"符合语境。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者小时候总是向父母要东西,但是后来爸爸总是拒绝作者的要求。作者长大后自己做兼职打工赚钱,终于意识到钱来之不易,知道了金钱的价值。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化,试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽,综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格,所以,必须先通读一至两遍,才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。选择答案时,要考虑整个句子的内容,包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后,再通读一遍文章,检查是否通顺流畅,用词得当,意思正确。
38.(1)thse
(2)independently
(3)when
(4)a
(5)fllwed
(6)was sent
(7)valuable
(8)cmpletin
(9)t cnduct
(10)furthering
【解析】(1)考查代词。句意:中国的太空计划起步比俄罗斯和美国晚,但在短时间内取得了很大进展。指代前面提到的space prgramme,后面有Russia and the US作定语,可知用thse代指两个国家的太空计划,故填thse。
(2)考查副词。句意:2003年,杨利伟成功驾驶神舟5号飞船绕地球轨道飞行,中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。修饰动词,所以用副词,故填independently。
(3)考查非限制性定语从句。句意:2003年,杨利伟成功驾驶神舟5号飞船绕地球轨道飞行,中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。先行词为2003,在非限制性定语从句中缺少时间状语,所以用when引导,故填when。
(4)考查冠词。句意:然后神舟6号和7号完成了第二次载人轨道飞行和中国首次太空行走,随后玉兔号被送往月球研究其表面。序数词前面加不定冠词,表示"再一",故填a。
(5)考查过去分词。句意:然后神舟6号和7号完成了第二次载人轨道飞行和中国首次太空行走,随后玉兔号被送往月球研究其表面。fllw和主语之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语,故填fllwed。
(6)考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:2020年7月23日,中国发射了"天问一号"探测火星表面。根据时间状语On 23 July 2020,可知描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,send和主语之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,主语为Tianwen I,表示单数意义,所以be动词为was,故填was sent。
(7)考查形容词。句意:它于2021年2月抵达,然后发回了许多有价值的信息。作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词,故填valuable。
(8)考查不可数名词。句意:2022年,梦天太空舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。作宾语,前面有定冠词,所以用名词cmpletin,为不可数名词,故填cmpletin。
(9)考查动词不定式。句意:这个现代空间站将允许宇航员进行许多重要的实验,极大地促进我们对宇宙的了解。此处为动词短语allw sb.t d"允许某人做",动词不定式作宾补,故填t cnduct。
(10)考查现在分词。句意:这个现代空间站将允许宇航员进行许多重要的实验,极大地促进我们对宇宙的了解。指代前面句子的直接结果,所以用现在分词作结果状语,故填furthering。
这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了中国太空计划在短期内所取得的巨大成就。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的词汇和语法知识。因此,这就需要在平时的学习中,牢固掌握语言点及一些语法知识。
39.Dear Jim,
I'm glad t share with yu abut my strng interest in mn explratin.(写信目的)
In Chinese culture,the mn hlds prfund symblism.It represents reunin,beauty,and eternity.During festivals like Mid-Autumn,families gather t admire the full mn,symblizing unity and harmny. 【高分句型一】(月亮在中国文化中的寓意)
Regarding human explratin f the mn,I believe it embdies humanity's innate curisity and pursuit f knwledge.These missins push the bundaries f science and technlgy,fstering internatinal cperatin and inspiring future generatins.Mrever,lunar explratin hlds immense ptential fr scientific discveries that culd benefit Earth in varius ways,frm resurce explitatin t imprving ur understanding f the slar system. (对人类探月活动的看法)
I'm excited t see what the future hlds fr this fascinating jurney.【高分句型二】(总结)
Yurs, Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一:During festivals like Mid-Autumn,families gather t admire the full mn,symblizing unity and harmny.
译文:在像中秋这样的节日里,一家人聚在一起欣赏满月,象征着团结与和谐。
分析:这句话使用了现在分词短语symblizing unity and harmny作状语。
高分句型二:I'm excited t see what the future hlds fr this fascinating jurney.
译文:我很高兴看到这段迷人旅程的未来。
分析:这句话使用了what引导的宾语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题,给出的要点都需要包括,缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数,不要太多也不要太少。1.
A.sught B.launched C.unflded D.majrity E.in despair F.lacking in G.under cnstructin
2.
argue admit permit lack spt aplgise determine in case(f) run ut(f) judge frm
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