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八年级上册外研版英语同步讲义第22讲：Module 11 Way of life 词汇篇
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这是一份八年级上册外研版英语同步讲义第22讲：Module 11 Way of life 词汇篇，共8页。
Module 11语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟练掌握本模块语法知识。 must的用法 1. 表示“必须，一定要“，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式为must not （mustn’t）表示“不能、禁止”。 You must work hard if you want to go to college. 如果你想去大学，就必须努力学习。 You mustn't play with fire. 你不许玩火。 2. must的一般疑问句 must的一般疑问句，将must提前，回答must的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+must”，否定回答 不能用mustn't，而用“No, sb needn't.”或“No, sb don’t have to. ” ---Must we hand in our exercise books today? 我们必须今天交作业本吗？ --- Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。 ---- No, you don’t have to / you needn't. 不，你不必。 can的用法 1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） 你能搬起这个重箱子吗？ Mary can speak three languages.（知识） 玛丽能说三种语言。 Can you skate?（技能） 你会溜冰吗？2. 表示请求和允许。 Can I go now? 我现在能走吗？ Can I help you? 我能帮你吗？3. can’t表示“不能，不可以”，但语气弱于mustn't。 You can’t put the milk in first. 你不能先倒牛奶。 need的用法 need做情态动词表需要，可用于肯定句、否定句及疑问句中。否定形式为need not（needn't），表示不必。You needn't come so early. 你不必来这么早。need的一般疑问句形式需要将need提前，肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+must”，否定回答为“No, 主语+needn't ”。 -- Need I finish t Eg：Our classroom needs cleaning everyday. 情态动词may/might用法 1. 表示请求允许（即请求别人允许自己做某事），两者都可用，只是 might表示的语气较委婉（但并不表示过去）：May /Might I sit here? 我可以坐在这里吗?I wonder if I might ask you a favor. 不知能否请你帮个忙。2. 表示给予允许（即自己允许别人做某事），通常要用 may而不用might：You may come in now. 你现在可以进来了。You may not tell him this. 你不可以告诉他这件事。体会以下对话的问句与答句： A：May /Might] I stay? 我可以留下吗? （表请求，可用两者） B：Yes, you may.可以。（表允许，不能用 might）1. Excuse me, sir. You ________ open the door before the train stops.A. mustn’t B. needn’tC. may not D. don’t have to2.—Must I learn all these words by heart?—No,you______.It’ll be fine if you copy them in your exercise books.A.needn’t B.can’tC.shouldn’t D.mustn’t3. We need _______ speaking English as much as possible .A. to practise B. practising C. practiced D. practiceThe car needs ________ after rain. A. clean B. cleaningC.cleaned D. to clean5. Lynn ______ be voted as the class monitor as she is so popular among her classmates.A. can B. may C. need D. shall 一．单项选择. 1.There’s only one day to go. You ________finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.A. can B. will C. must D. may2.You ________ eat any food in the school library.A. can’t B. needn’tC. mustn’t D. won’t3.It’s a gas station(加油站). You ________ smoke here.A. must B. canC. mustn’t D. may not4.—Must I learn all these words by heart?—No, you ________. It’ll be fine if you copy them in your exercise books.A. needn’t B. can’tC. shouldn’t D. mustn’t5.—Mum, may I go to Tom’s birthday party this evening?—OK. But you ________ be back before 11 o’clock.A. may B. can’tC. must D. needn’t6 —How far is Yuhua Middle School from here?—It’s about five minutes’ walk.around B. over C. more than D. less than7. There is ________ in the newspaper. You should read it. A. anything importantB. nothing importantC. something importantD. important something8.I'm afraid it ______ rain today.A.need B.might C.can D.shall9.The video film wasn't interesting at all, ______ the little boy still watched it carefully.A.but B.so C.then D.and10.I think ______ is very important ______ the children to learn to swim.A.it; for B.that; for C.it; of D.that; of__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、完形填空 。Around the world, people have different ideas about what good table manners are. In India, 1 , people only eat with their right hands. You take food from one dish on the table, usually a kind of bread or rice, mix it with food from another dish and then put it in your mouth. Your left hand stays 2 . Eating with your left hand is very rude! In western countries, people do not usually share the same dishes. Everyone has his or her own plate of food. You eat with a knife and fork and you 3 wave them around when you are not eating. Try not to be 4 when eating. People think that is bad table manners! When you go to some restaurants in different part of the world, it is important to know 5 people think is rude. For example, in China it is OK to be noisy in a restaurant. 6 , in many western countries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too noisy, other customers might not be happy. 7 the meal is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for every one. In western countries, when friends eat together, they 8 share the cost. This is called “going Dutch.” When westerners pay the check, they usually leave some 9 for the waiter .this is called “leaving a tip.” In the U.S., it’s common to leave tips of 10%, 15% or 20% of the check. The amount depends on(由……决定) how good the waiter was. 10 waiters can get a lot of money! ( ) 1. A. such as B. in fact C. at last D. for example( ) 2. A. busy B. still C. moving D. shaking( ) 3. A. may B. must C. shouldn’t D. need( ) 4. A. friendly B. quiet C. noisy D. sleepy( ) 5. A. what B. how C. which D. why( ) 6. A. So B. Or C. Though D. However( ) 7. A. Asking for B. Paying for C. Looking through D. searching for( ) 8. A. usually B. sometimes C. never D. ever( ) 9. A. food B. drinks C. money D. flowers( ) 10. A. Bad B. Good C. Careful D. Beautiful 二．阅读理解。ADifferent countries have different ideas about how to be polite. In Britain, table manners(礼仪) are important. But how do you show good table manners in Britain? Please read the following advice.How to sit: You should sit up straight(直) in your chair. When you eat, don’t pick up the bowl and bring it to you. This is a very bad manner.Noises at the table: It is never a good idea to make a noise at the table.Using your fingers: Usually we don’t pick up food with our fingers when we are eating main dishes, but there are some foods such as pizza, sandwiches, chips(or fries) and fruit, we can eat them with fingers.Your mouth: It is not thought polite to talk with your mouth full of food, nor to eat with your mouth open. Please remember not to make a noise.How much to eat: It is polite to eat the food that you have been offered, so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you have enjoyed the food. If you can’t finish everything and you need to leave a little, that’s OK. You could say something like “That was very nice. Thank you.”1.There are ________ piece(s) of advice.A. six B. fiveC. three D. one2.It’s ________ to make a noise when you are eating.A. rude B. politeC. pleased D. excited3.The passage mainly tells us about ________.A. how to be polite at homeB. how to use your fingersC. the table manners in BritainD. some food in Britain B Going to a friend’s house is very exciting. You may spend time with a friend and get to see where he lives, but remember to be polite.When to arriveThe first thing to remember is that when a friend invites you, you need to arrive on time. If your friend tells you to come “around 3：00”， that means you can arrive a little bit after 3：00. But usually it is a good idea to arrive at the right time.What to bringOften it is also nice to bring something to your friend’s house. This could be a box of chocolate for you two to share, or maybe a movie that you can watch together. You can also bring some flowers. A little gift is a nice way to show that you are excited to be at his house.How to greetWhen you visit your friend’s house, you may also meet his parents. You should tell them who you are and they may tell you their names. As a child, I went to visit my friend Paul. I called his parents by their first name John and Mary. But now I know it is more polite to call them Mr or Mrs Smith. This will show them more respect(尊重) and then they may tell you to call them by their first names. Another way to show respect is to call them Sir or Madam.It is a cool thing to visit a friend’s house. Be polite to your friend and your friend’s parents, and you will be invited again!1.If you are told to get to your friend’s house around 5：00 pm, it is polite to arrive at ________ pm.A. 5：02 B. 4：50C. 4：30 D. 5：302.When you are invited by your friend, you’d better bring some ________.A. moneyB. chicken and applesC. chocolate or flowersD. wine and meat3.When the writer was a child, he called his friend’s father ________.A. Smith B. JohnC. Mary D. Paul4.Which is the best title?A. When to Arrive at Your Friend’s HouseB. How to Greet PeopleC. What to Bring to Your FriendD. How to Be a Good Visitor5.The passage may be from ________.A. a notice on a wallB. a letter to a friendC. an article in a magazineD. a news story in a paperCMaybe you are an average (一般的) student. You probably think you will never be a top student (尖子生). However, anyone can become a better student if he or she does his or her best. Here are some tips (技巧) to help you.Plan your time carefully. You should plan your time for such things as eating, sleeping and dressing. Then make a good, regular time for studying, but don’t forget to set enough time for entertainment (娱乐).Keep your study quiet and clean. The study should have a desk, a chair and some study materials (资料), but no games, no radio and no television! When you sit down to study, you can put your heart into it. Make good use of your time.Listen to everything that the teacher says. Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.After you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss next day, read the material. It will help you study better.Develop a good attitude (态度) to tests. The purpose (目的) of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. It helps you know what you are not good at. The world will still go on even if (即使) you fail (不及格) in a test, so don’t be too worried.( )1. How many tips are mentioned in the passage?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.( )2. What does the underlined word “study” mean in Chinese?A.学习 B.研究 C.书房 D.教室( )3. Which is a good place for studying?A. A clean and beautiful place. B. The place with a computer.C. The place with a television and a radio.D. A quiet place with a chair, a desk and some study materials.( )4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The test is the most important for a student.B. After class, you should review what you have learned.C. You should listen to your teacher and take notes carefully in class.D. When you plan your time, you should think of the time for eating, sleeping and so on. ( )5. What’s the passage mainly about?A. How to become a top student. B. How to plan your time.C. How to study English. D. How to take notes.短文填空Suppose you are going to Boston and you have_____1_____visited the city before. If someone tells you about the ___2_______places in this city, you ____3________to get some idea of what you will see. But you don ’ t have a ________4_______idea of where these places are or of how to find them. However, if someone has a map of the city and ____5_______ you the main roads and buildings, you may say, “ oh, now I ___6____i can find my way with no trouble at all. ” working in maths is somewhat like trying to find your way ____7_______a new city. Perhaps in problems the words may tell you some things and you have heard about them, but you can ’ t see any clear road____8___ the answers. Maybe you need to have a kind of map of the ____9____roads in maths to help you find your way. Explore what goes on in maths, and try your best to find the main roads. They will lead you to answers. If you can find the road map, the maths problems will be___10_______worked out.1_________ 2_____________ 3_____________ 4____________ 5_____________6_________ 7_____________ 8_____________ 9____________ 10_____________
Module 11语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟练掌握本模块语法知识。 must的用法 1. 表示“必须，一定要“，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式为must not （mustn’t）表示“不能、禁止”。 You must work hard if you want to go to college. 如果你想去大学，就必须努力学习。 You mustn't play with fire. 你不许玩火。 2. must的一般疑问句 must的一般疑问句，将must提前，回答must的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+must”，否定回答 不能用mustn't，而用“No, sb needn't.”或“No, sb don’t have to. ” ---Must we hand in our exercise books today? 我们必须今天交作业本吗？ --- Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。 ---- No, you don’t have to / you needn't. 不，你不必。 can的用法 1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） 你能搬起这个重箱子吗？ Mary can speak three languages.（知识） 玛丽能说三种语言。 Can you skate?（技能） 你会溜冰吗？2. 表示请求和允许。 Can I go now? 我现在能走吗？ Can I help you? 我能帮你吗？3. can’t表示“不能，不可以”，但语气弱于mustn't。 You can’t put the milk in first. 你不能先倒牛奶。 need的用法 need做情态动词表需要，可用于肯定句、否定句及疑问句中。否定形式为need not（needn't），表示不必。You needn't come so early. 你不必来这么早。need的一般疑问句形式需要将need提前，肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+must”，否定回答为“No, 主语+needn't ”。 -- Need I finish t Eg：Our classroom needs cleaning everyday. 情态动词may/might用法 1. 表示请求允许（即请求别人允许自己做某事），两者都可用，只是 might表示的语气较委婉（但并不表示过去）：May /Might I sit here? 我可以坐在这里吗?I wonder if I might ask you a favor. 不知能否请你帮个忙。2. 表示给予允许（即自己允许别人做某事），通常要用 may而不用might：You may come in now. 你现在可以进来了。You may not tell him this. 你不可以告诉他这件事。体会以下对话的问句与答句： A：May /Might] I stay? 我可以留下吗? （表请求，可用两者） B：Yes, you may.可以。（表允许，不能用 might）1. Excuse me, sir. You ________ open the door before the train stops.A. mustn’t B. needn’tC. may not D. don’t have to2.—Must I learn all these words by heart?—No,you______.It’ll be fine if you copy them in your exercise books.A.needn’t B.can’tC.shouldn’t D.mustn’t3. We need _______ speaking English as much as possible .A. to practise B. practising C. practiced D. practiceThe car needs ________ after rain. A. clean B. cleaningC.cleaned D. to clean5. Lynn ______ be voted as the class monitor as she is so popular among her classmates.A. can B. may C. need D. shall 一．单项选择. 1.There’s only one day to go. You ________finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.A. can B. will C. must D. may2.You ________ eat any food in the school library.A. can’t B. needn’tC. mustn’t D. won’t3.It’s a gas station(加油站). You ________ smoke here.A. must B. canC. mustn’t D. may not4.—Must I learn all these words by heart?—No, you ________. It’ll be fine if you copy them in your exercise books.A. needn’t B. can’tC. shouldn’t D. mustn’t5.—Mum, may I go to Tom’s birthday party this evening?—OK. But you ________ be back before 11 o’clock.A. may B. can’tC. must D. needn’t6 —How far is Yuhua Middle School from here?—It’s about five minutes’ walk.around B. over C. more than D. less than7. There is ________ in the newspaper. You should read it. A. anything importantB. nothing importantC. something importantD. important something8.I'm afraid it ______ rain today.A.need B.might C.can D.shall9.The video film wasn't interesting at all, ______ the little boy still watched it carefully.A.but B.so C.then D.and10.I think ______ is very important ______ the children to learn to swim.A.it; for B.that; for C.it; of D.that; of__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、完形填空 。Around the world, people have different ideas about what good table manners are. In India, 1 , people only eat with their right hands. You take food from one dish on the table, usually a kind of bread or rice, mix it with food from another dish and then put it in your mouth. Your left hand stays 2 . Eating with your left hand is very rude! In western countries, people do not usually share the same dishes. Everyone has his or her own plate of food. You eat with a knife and fork and you 3 wave them around when you are not eating. Try not to be 4 when eating. People think that is bad table manners! When you go to some restaurants in different part of the world, it is important to know 5 people think is rude. For example, in China it is OK to be noisy in a restaurant. 6 , in many western countries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too noisy, other customers might not be happy. 7 the meal is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for every one. In western countries, when friends eat together, they 8 share the cost. This is called “going Dutch.” When westerners pay the check, they usually leave some 9 for the waiter .this is called “leaving a tip.” In the U.S., it’s common to leave tips of 10%, 15% or 20% of the check. The amount depends on(由……决定) how good the waiter was. 10 waiters can get a lot of money! ( ) 1. A. such as B. in fact C. at last D. for example( ) 2. A. busy B. still C. moving D. shaking( ) 3. A. may B. must C. shouldn’t D. need( ) 4. A. friendly B. quiet C. noisy D. sleepy( ) 5. A. what B. how C. which D. why( ) 6. A. So B. Or C. Though D. However( ) 7. A. Asking for B. Paying for C. Looking through D. searching for( ) 8. A. usually B. sometimes C. never D. ever( ) 9. A. food B. drinks C. money D. flowers( ) 10. A. Bad B. Good C. Careful D. Beautiful 二．阅读理解。ADifferent countries have different ideas about how to be polite. In Britain, table manners(礼仪) are important. But how do you show good table manners in Britain? Please read the following advice.How to sit: You should sit up straight(直) in your chair. When you eat, don’t pick up the bowl and bring it to you. This is a very bad manner.Noises at the table: It is never a good idea to make a noise at the table.Using your fingers: Usually we don’t pick up food with our fingers when we are eating main dishes, but there are some foods such as pizza, sandwiches, chips(or fries) and fruit, we can eat them with fingers.Your mouth: It is not thought polite to talk with your mouth full of food, nor to eat with your mouth open. Please remember not to make a noise.How much to eat: It is polite to eat the food that you have been offered, so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you have enjoyed the food. If you can’t finish everything and you need to leave a little, that’s OK. You could say something like “That was very nice. Thank you.”1.There are ________ piece(s) of advice.A. six B. fiveC. three D. one2.It’s ________ to make a noise when you are eating.A. rude B. politeC. pleased D. excited3.The passage mainly tells us about ________.A. how to be polite at homeB. how to use your fingersC. the table manners in BritainD. some food in Britain B Going to a friend’s house is very exciting. You may spend time with a friend and get to see where he lives, but remember to be polite.When to arriveThe first thing to remember is that when a friend invites you, you need to arrive on time. If your friend tells you to come “around 3：00”， that means you can arrive a little bit after 3：00. But usually it is a good idea to arrive at the right time.What to bringOften it is also nice to bring something to your friend’s house. This could be a box of chocolate for you two to share, or maybe a movie that you can watch together. You can also bring some flowers. A little gift is a nice way to show that you are excited to be at his house.How to greetWhen you visit your friend’s house, you may also meet his parents. You should tell them who you are and they may tell you their names. As a child, I went to visit my friend Paul. I called his parents by their first name John and Mary. But now I know it is more polite to call them Mr or Mrs Smith. This will show them more respect(尊重) and then they may tell you to call them by their first names. Another way to show respect is to call them Sir or Madam.It is a cool thing to visit a friend’s house. Be polite to your friend and your friend’s parents, and you will be invited again!1.If you are told to get to your friend’s house around 5：00 pm, it is polite to arrive at ________ pm.A. 5：02 B. 4：50C. 4：30 D. 5：302.When you are invited by your friend, you’d better bring some ________.A. moneyB. chicken and applesC. chocolate or flowersD. wine and meat3.When the writer was a child, he called his friend’s father ________.A. Smith B. JohnC. Mary D. Paul4.Which is the best title?A. When to Arrive at Your Friend’s HouseB. How to Greet PeopleC. What to Bring to Your FriendD. How to Be a Good Visitor5.The passage may be from ________.A. a notice on a wallB. a letter to a friendC. an article in a magazineD. a news story in a paperCMaybe you are an average (一般的) student. You probably think you will never be a top student (尖子生). However, anyone can become a better student if he or she does his or her best. Here are some tips (技巧) to help you.Plan your time carefully. You should plan your time for such things as eating, sleeping and dressing. Then make a good, regular time for studying, but don’t forget to set enough time for entertainment (娱乐).Keep your study quiet and clean. The study should have a desk, a chair and some study materials (资料), but no games, no radio and no television! When you sit down to study, you can put your heart into it. Make good use of your time.Listen to everything that the teacher says. Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.After you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss next day, read the material. It will help you study better.Develop a good attitude (态度) to tests. The purpose (目的) of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. It helps you know what you are not good at. The world will still go on even if (即使) you fail (不及格) in a test, so don’t be too worried.( )1. How many tips are mentioned in the passage?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.( )2. What does the underlined word “study” mean in Chinese?A.学习 B.研究 C.书房 D.教室( )3. Which is a good place for studying?A. A clean and beautiful place. B. The place with a computer.C. The place with a television and a radio.D. A quiet place with a chair, a desk and some study materials.( )4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The test is the most important for a student.B. After class, you should review what you have learned.C. You should listen to your teacher and take notes carefully in class.D. When you plan your time, you should think of the time for eating, sleeping and so on. ( )5. What’s the passage mainly about?A. How to become a top student. B. How to plan your time.C. How to study English. D. How to take notes.短文填空Suppose you are going to Boston and you have_____1_____visited the city before. If someone tells you about the ___2_______places in this city, you ____3________to get some idea of what you will see. But you don ’ t have a ________4_______idea of where these places are or of how to find them. However, if someone has a map of the city and ____5_______ you the main roads and buildings, you may say, “ oh, now I ___6____i can find my way with no trouble at all. ” working in maths is somewhat like trying to find your way ____7_______a new city. Perhaps in problems the words may tell you some things and you have heard about them, but you can ’ t see any clear road____8___ the answers. Maybe you need to have a kind of map of the ____9____roads in maths to help you find your way. Explore what goes on in maths, and try your best to find the main roads. They will lead you to answers. If you can find the road map, the maths problems will be___10_______worked out.1_________ 2_____________ 3_____________ 4____________ 5_____________6_________ 7_____________ 8_____________ 9____________ 10_____________
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