专题01 定语从句十大考点归纳（清单）--【知识大盘点】2024高考英语一轮复习知识大盘点红宝书

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2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
专题01 定语从句十大考点（解析版）
讲义目录
定语从句高考考点细目表 P1
考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法对比 P2
考点清单二、关系代词whse, wh, whm典型用法归纳 P4
考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳 P5
考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳 P5
考点清单五、关系副词why 典型用法归纳 P6
考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语 P6
考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳 P7
考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构 P8
考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致典型用法 P9
考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查 P9
分类训练（一）高考真题 P10
分类训练（二）模拟试题 P11
分类训练（三）单句改错 P12
分类训练（四）句式升级（书面表达） P12
分类训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创） P13
（一）二十四节气之夏至来历及风俗 P13
（二）英雄猫及时施救心脏病主人 P15
近年高考真题定语从句考点细目表
考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法对比
要点精讲1：
I dn’t like the way that/in which yu speak t yur mum. 我不喜欢你对妈妈说话的方式。（the way在定语从句充当方式状语）
3. 只用that不用which的场合：
【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。
1. I dn’t like the way _______yu speak t her.
2. He is the nly man __________ I can find fr the wrk.
3. He is n lnger the man _________he was five years ag.
4. The first English nvel __________ I read was Gne With Wind.
5. This is ne f the mst exciting ftball games _______ I have ever seen.
6. Jhn tld his parents abut the cities and the peple _________ he had visited.
7.（2014全国I卷）Maybe yu leave a habit ________is driving yur family crazy.
8.（2015全国I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River _________are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings.
9. (2018全国II卷)The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment started a sil-testing prgram ___ ___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers---and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
10.（2020全国III卷）Understanding her gd intentins, I eat all the fd what is prvided by Mm with appreciatin. （短文改错）
【答案与解析】
1. that。the way在定语从句作方式状语，故填that。注意此时that可以省略。故答案是that。
2. that。限定词nly是关键。故答案是that。
3. that。本句中that在定语从句充当表语。关系代词which不能指人。故答案是that。
4. that。先行词被序数词修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是t reduce。
5. that。先行词被形容词最高级修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
6. that。先行词既为人又为物时，只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
9. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，在定语从句作主语。故答案是that/which。
7. that/which。考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which/that。
8. that/which。解析：考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。故用that/which。
10. what改成that。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the fd，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
要点精讲2：
1. which用作关系代词，先行词只能指物；在句中作主语、宾语；
2. 只用which不用that的场合：
【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。
11. Mr. Crssett will never frget the day ________ he spent with his students.
12. (2017全国III卷) But Sarah, has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
13. (2018北京卷)She and her family bicycle t wrk, _________ helps them keep fit.
14. (2020江苏卷) Many lessns are nw available nline, frm __________ students can chse fr free.
15.(2020全国II卷) Thank yu fr yur letter, what really made me happy.
【答案与解析】
11. that/which。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是day，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导；关系代词作宾语可省略。故填that/which。
12. wh。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句；先行词指人，作主语，不能用that或which。故答案是wh。
13. which。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，前边有逗号为标志。故答案是which。
14. which。chse frm表示“从……选择”；先行词是Many lessns，故用which。故答案是which。
15. what改为which。逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yur letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which。
考点清单二、关系代词whse, wh, whm典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：关系代词whse的用法
Once there was a wise king whse name was Alfred. 从前有一个叫阿尔弗雷德的英国国王。（先行词是king，指人）
The girl lives in the huse, whse windws face suth. 那个女孩住在这所房子里，房子的窗户是朝南开的。（先行词是huse, 指物）
Lk at the building, whse rf=the rf f which=f which the rf is white. 看那栋楼,楼顶的颜色是白的。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
16. The building _________ drs are white is an ffice building.
17. He lives in the rm, ________ windw faces the suth/ _____ ________ the windw faces the suth.
18. This is Mr Green, with ___________ help I’ve made great prgress in English.
19. (2017江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f _______ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
20. (2018天津卷) Kae, _________sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
【答案与解析】
16. whse。句意：门是白色的那座建筑是一座办公楼。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是the building，指物，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”。故填whse。
17. whse; f which。whse windw=the windw f which。故答案是whse; f which。
18. with whse。With ne’s help表示“在……帮助下”。故答案是with whse。
19. whse。whse用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人。故答案是whse。
20. whse。whse用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指物。故答案是whse。
考点精讲2：关系代词wh 和whm的用法
Anybdy wh breaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
The girl whm I saw just nw is Susan. 我刚才见到的那个人是苏珊。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
21.（2016全国III卷）Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, __________lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B.C., influenced the develpment f chpsticks.
21. wh。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Cnfucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填wh。
22.（2018浙江卷）Many westerners ________ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
22. wh/that。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词wh/that引导，故填wh/that。
考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
This is the city where I grew up. 这就是我长大的城市。（定语从句是主谓结构，不缺少宾语）
The shp where I bught this shirt is nt far frm here.我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。（定语从句是主谓宾结构，不缺少宾语）
This is the huse where he lived last year. 这是他去年住过的房子。（先行词huse是具体地点）
We have reached the pint where a change is needed. 我们已经到了需要改变的地步。（先行词pint是抽象地点）
I dn’t want a jb where I’m chained t a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。（先行词jb是抽象地点）
It's put me in a psitin where I can't affrd t take a jb. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。（先行词psitin是抽象地点）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
23. We’re just trying t reach a pint _________ bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk.
24. Remember that there is still ne pint _______ we must make clear tmrrw.
25. Tday, we’ll discuss sme cases _____ beginners f English fail t use the language prperly.
26. He wrte a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
27. (2018江苏) Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
【答案与解析】
23. where。先行词是抽象名词pint，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。
24. that/which。定语从句含有make…clear结构，因此从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。
25. where。先行词是抽象名词cases，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。
26. where。先行词是名词letter，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语，相当于in which。故答案是where。
27. where。先行词an area在定语从句充当地点状语，故答案是where。
考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
D yu remember the day when we first met? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？（定语从句是主谓结构，不缺少宾语）
There are ccasins when ne must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。（先行词ccasins是典型时间名词）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
28. I will never frget the mnths ________I spent with my cusin in Beijing.
29. Peple are living in an age ________many jbs are dne n cmputer.
30. The days are gne ________ physical strength was all yu needed t make a living.
31. She’ll never frget her stay there ________ she fund her sn wh went missing tw years befre.
【答案与解析】
28. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
29. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
30. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。注意本句先行词The days和定语从句没有紧挨在一起，而是被谓语are gne分隔开，形成分割定语从句。故答案是when。
31. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
考点清单五、关系副词why 典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
I dn’t knw the reasn why he came s late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。（定语从句是主谓结构）
The reasn why he is late is that he failed t catch the first bus. 他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
The reasn that he gave fr being late is that he failed t catch the first bus. 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
32. D yu knw the reasn _______Jim failed t cme tday?
33. The reasn _________Jim failed t cme was ________he was seriusly ill.
【答案与解析】
32. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是why。
33. why; that。The reasn why…is that…是固定句型，表示“之所以……是因为……”。故答案是why; that。
考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语
要点精讲：先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why；窍门：学会分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或 宾语才能用关系代词。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
34. D yu still remember the days________ we studied tgether?
35. D yu still remember the days________ we spent tgether?
36. Is this the museum ______ yu nce wrked?
37. Is this the museum ______ yu nce visited?
38. Is this the reasn _______he was absent frm schl yesterday?
39. Is this the reasn _______he gave fr absence frm schl yesterday?
40. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell yu mre abut later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
【答案与解析】
34. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
35. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
36. where。where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。故答案是t reduce。
37. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，地点名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
38. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是t reduce。
39. that/which。从句谓语动词give是及物动词，从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。
40. which。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句，从句abut暗示后面缺少宾语。故答案是which。
考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：
1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语；
2. 用于such…as…, s…as…, the same…as…句型。注意区分定语从句和状语从句关键在于从句是否完整。
3. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
I never heard such stries as he tells．我从未听过像他讲的那种故事。
They have never read s many bks as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
This is the same dictinary as I lst yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典）
He is the same by that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
41. Ls Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyne likes t visit.
42. Ls Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyne likes t visit it.
43. This is ______difficult a prblem _____n ne can wrk ut.
44. This is ______difficult a prblem _____n ne can wrk it ut.
45. My pen is missing. I’d like t buy the same pen _______I lst.
46. Jenny is s happy, fr she has fund the same pen ______ she lst yesterday.
【答案与解析】
41. as。such…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是as。
42. that。such…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是that。
43. s; as。s…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是s; as。
44. s; that。s…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是s; that。
45. as。the same…as…强调“和……是同一类，符合语境要求。故答案是as。
46. that。the same…that…强调“和……是同一个，符合语境要求。故答案是that。
要点精讲2：
As is knwn t all, fish can’t live withut water. 众所周知，鱼儿离不开水。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首）
The famus magician Liu Qian, as we all knw, is frm Taiwan. 众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中）
She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末）
As is ften the case, girls like dlls while bys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
He sld his new car, which made me surprised. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
47. He failed in the driving test again, _________surprised us all.
48. He failed in the driving test again, _________we had expected.
49. _________ is ften the case with Jim, he was fined fr speeding.
50. The air quality in the city, ______ is shwn in the reprt, has imprved ver the past tw mnths.
【答案与解析】
47. which。which引导非限制性定语从句，且多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型。故答案是which。
48. as。as引导非限制性定语从句强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”。故答案是as。
49. As。as is ften the case with sb引导非限制性定语从句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。
50. as。as引导的定语从句可以插入到主句中间，如本句。故答案是as。
考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构
要点精讲：
This is the pilt by whm my sn was saved. 这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指人用whm）
This is the camera with which he ften takes phts. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指物用which）
I dn’t knw the reasn fr which he was late fr schl. 我不知道他为何上学迟到。（定语从句先行词reasn多与介词fr连用）
Is this the car fr which yu paid a high price? 这是你花大价钱买的车吗？（定语从句谓语动词pay fr是固定搭配）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
51. D yu remember the day we first met?
52. D yu remember the mnth we first met?
53. This is the skirt she paid $100.
54. This is the skirt she spent $100.
55. This is my English teacher, I’ve learned a lt.
56. This is my English teacher, help I culdn’t have made such rapid prgress.
【答案与解析】
51. n which。“在某一天”介词用n。故答案是n which。
52. in which。“在某一月”介词用in。故答案是in which。
53. fr which。pay…fr…是固定词组。故答案是fr which。
54. n which。spend mney/time n…是固定词组。故答案是n which。
55. frm whm。从句谓语含有learn frm短语。故答案是frm whm。
56. withut whse。with ne’s help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是withut whse。
考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致典型用法
要点精讲1：先行词作主语，that/which/wh从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
Anyne wh breaks the law will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
Thse wh are fr the plan, raise yur hand please. 同意这个计划的人，请举手。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
57. Anyne wh ___________(want) t see the film shuld put up yur hands.
58. I, wh __________(be) yur friend, can understand yu.
【答案与解析】
51. wants。anyne作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故答案是wants。
52. am。定语从句主语是I，对应谓语是am。故答案是am。
要点精讲2：先行词是ne f…结构，定语从句谓语用复数；先行词是the nly /very ne f…，定语从句谓语用单数。
He is ne f the students wh have read the bk. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。
She is the nly ne f the girls wh knws English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
59. He is ne f the students wh ________ (praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
60. He is the nly ne f the students wh ______________(praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
【答案与解析】
59. were praised。先行词是ne f…结构，定语从句谓语用复数。故答案是were praised。
60. was praised。先行词是the nly /very ne f…，定语从句谓语用单数。故答案是was praised。
考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查
要点精讲：
Occasins are quite rare when I have the time t spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的场合很罕见。（分割性定语从句）
It is in the factry which yu are visiting that this kind f cmputer is made. 这种电脑是在你们正在参观的工厂里生产出来的。（强调句型和定语从句混合考查）
The news that ur team wn the game made us excited. 我们队获胜的消息令我们很激动。（that引导同位语从句，且that不作句子成分）
The news that he tld us just nw made us very excited. 他刚才告诉我们的消息令我们很激动。（that引导定语从句，且that不作从句的宾语）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
61. The village has develped a lt __________ we learned farming tw years ag.
62. It was in the backyard ________ my father planted many vegetables ________ he dug up a statue.
63. He wrte a lt f nvels, many f _________ were translated int freign languages.
64. He wrte a lt f nvels, and many f _______ were translated int freign languages.
65. A new schl will be built in _________was a wasteland a few years ag.
【答案与解析】
61. where。本句是分割定语从句，先行词是the village，定语从句被谓语部分分隔开。故答案是when。
62. where; that。________ my father planted many vegetables是定语从句修饰先行词backyard；后面才是强调句型。故答案是where; that。
63. which。这是“介词+关系代词”结构。故答案是which。
64. them。and是解题关键，表明这是一个并列句。故答案是them。
65. what。介词in后面接一个宾语，该从句缺少引导词和主语，故答案是what。
分类训练（一）高考真题
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
1.答案：as。解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
2.答案：where。解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为twn，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
3.（2023全国甲卷）She even played sme recrdings f their singing, what was fun.
3.答案：what改为which。解析：考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，故what改为which。
4.（2023全国乙卷）But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place 63 welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
4.答案：which/that。解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
5.（2023全国乙卷）The clr she chse came in a bx which had a picture f a wman that hair clr lked just perfect.
5.答案：that改为whse。考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是wman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whse引导。故that改为whse。
6.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
6.答案：that。解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
7.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, _________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
7.答案：wh。解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Ca Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
8.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics __________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
8.答案：that/wh。解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/wh。
9. （2021全国乙卷）Just see hw cars have taken ver ur cities. They ften run at high speeds, what may put ur lives in danger.
9.答案：what改为which。解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
10（2020全国I卷）Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt __________ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
10.答案：where。解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须
把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spt，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
分类训练（二）模拟试题
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
11. Gerge Orwell, _______ real name was Eric Arthur, wrte many plitical nvels and essays.
12. There is n simple answer, ________ is ften the case in science.
13. Nwadays peple are mre cncerned abut the envirnment ________ they live.
14. The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse are ttally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage f the cllege’s chances and resurces.
15. Yu’ll find taxis waiting at the bus statin _____ yu can hire t reach yur hst family.
16. She might pssibly cme, in _______ case I’ll ask her.
17. But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, _______I was the first Western TV reprter t film a special unit.
18. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, _______is nt gd fr the health.
19. Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring was spread ver the garden, _______ it remained until the carrt’s leafy tp accidentally spruted (生长) thrugh it.
20. Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, ________ lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B.C., influenced the develpment f chpsticks.
【答案】
11. whse 12. as 13. where 14. wh 15. which/that 16.which 17.when 18. which 19. where 20. wh
分层训练（三）单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
21. (2020天津) Dr. Rwan, wh secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
22. (2020全国II) Thank yu fr yur letter, what really made me happy.
23. (2020全国II) Understanding her gd intentins, I eat all the fd what is prvided by Mm with appreciatin.
24. (2019全国III) In the cafe, custmers will enjy themselves in the histrical envirnment what is created fr them.
25. (2019全国I)One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund.
26. (2018全国I) They als had a small pnd which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by selling the fish.
27. (2018全国I) Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 wh shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
28. (2018浙江) The best part f the prcess is that there's enugh rm fr imprvement, that means yu'll just keep getting better and better.
29. (2017天津) My eldest sn, wh wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
30. (2017全国II) In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is n the rftp f their huse.
【答案】
21. wh改为whse 22. what改为which 23.what改为that 24. what改为that/which 25. where改为when 26. which改为where或者which前加 in 27. wh改为that/which 28. 第二个that改为which 29. wh改为whse 30. that改为which
分类训练（四）句式升级
书面表达句式升级：请准确运用定语从句翻译下列各句。
31. (2023新高考I卷) 学生们如果与一个相处不够融洽的人分组在一起可能会感到不那么有激情。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
32. (2023全国甲卷) 孔子强调尊重老人这在我们飞速发展的世界中起着指明灯作用。___________________________________________________________________________________________
33. (2022全国甲卷) 设立“世界海洋日”是为了提高保护海洋意识，在全球生态系统中发挥至关重要作用。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
34. (2022新高考I卷) 这是一个很不错栏目，你可以在这里和学生分享自己的想法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
35. (2022全国甲卷) 面临互联网各种各样信息，我们不能分辨真假，这对于我们的学习和生活非常有害。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
36. (2021全国乙卷) 首先，我们最好在家遵循学校时间表，这肯定会有助于我们学习效率。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
37. (2021新高考I卷) 该报纸推崇很多栏目，其中中国文化是我最喜欢的。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
38. (2021浙江卷) 多数学生看好这次展览，这提供一个平台让他们了解中国之美，体验中国艺术的魅力。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
39. (2020全国I卷) 就我来说，我爸爸是我最崇拜的人。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
40. (2020全国II卷) 我们先采摘那些色彩鲜艳的桃子，然后摘那些成熟柔软的桃子。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
31. Students may feel less mtivated if paired with smene wh they dn’t get alng with.
32. Cnfucius stressed respect fr elders, which serves as a guiding light in ur fast-paced wrld.
33. Wrld Oceans Day was set up t raise awareness f prtecting the ceans, which play a crucial part in glbal ecsystem.
34. This is an amazing prgram where yu can share yur ideas with students.
35. Faced with all kinds f infrmatin n the internet, we can't tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful t ur study and life.
36. First f all, we'd better bey ur schl timetable at hme, which will surely cntribute t ur learning prductivity.
37. The newspaper basts a variety f clumns, f which Chinese culture is my favrite.
38. Mst f the students think highly f this exhibitin，which prvides a platfrm fr them t explre the beauty f China and experience the charm f Chinese art.
39. As fr me, my father is the persn I respect mst.
40. We first picked the peaches that were mst beautiful in clr, then thse that were ripe and sft.
分类训练（五）语篇运用（原创）
热点话题：24节气之夏至来历及风俗 体裁：说明文
24 Slar Terms: Summer Slstice
The traditinal Chinese slar calendar divides the year int 24 slar terms. Summer Slstice (Chinese: 夏至), the 10th slar term f the year, begins n June 21 this year and ends n July 6.
In China, the 24 slar terms 1 (create) thusands f years ag t guide agricultural prductin. But the slar term culture is still useful tday t guide peple's lives thrugh eating special fds, perfrming cultural ceremnies 2 even healthy living tips that crrespnd 3 each slar term.
The lngest day f the year
On the Summer Slstice itself, daylight lasts the lngest fr the whle year in the nrthern hemisphere. After this day, daylight hurs get shrter and shrter and temperatures becme 4 (high) in the nrthern hemisphere.
A public hliday in ancient times
Summer Slstice was an imprtant festival in ancient China. As early as the Han Dynasty (260BC-220), 5 the Mid-autumn Festival and the Duble 6 (nine) Festival were nt as imprtant as they are tday, the Summer Slstice was already celebrated. 7 (celebrate) Summer Slstice, wmen gave clred fans and sachets t each ther. Fans culd help them cl dwn and the sachets culd drive away msquites and make them smell sweet.
Eating ndles
There is a 8 (say) in Shandng prvince which ges, "eat dumplings n the Winter Slstice and eat ndles n Summer Slstice." Peple in 9 (variety) areas f Shandng prvince eat chilled ndles n this day. Other peple arund China, including thse in Beijing, als have a traditin f eating ndles.
Dragn bat racing in Zhejiang
Due t the lcal climate, Dragn bat races 10 (tell) n the Summer Slstice day in Shaxing, Zhejiang prvince rather than n Dragn Bat Festival since the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. This traditin is still in practice tday, with all the attendant excitement.
1. were created 2. and 3. with 4. higher 5. when 6. Ninth 7. T celebrate 8. saying 9. varius 10. have been held
热点话题：主人心脏病发作 英雄猫及时施救 体裁：说明文
Her Cat Saves Owner Frm Heart Attack
A wman in Nttinghamshire, England, says her cat saved her life by punding n her chest 1 (wake) her up while she was having a heart attack.
Sam Felstead, 42, suffered a heart attack arund 4:30 a.m. while 2 (sleep) at hme. Her 7-year-ld cat, Billy, seemingly nticed smething was wrng and 3 (begin) jumping n Felstead's chest and mewing as lud as he culd.
After waking up, she realized that she was nt able t mve her bdy and had shting pain dwn her right side, s she called fr help. Quickly she 4 (rush) t the Nttingham City Hspital in the early hurs f the mrning 5 dctrs tld her she had a heart attack in her sleep.
"I was a bit 6 (shck); I went t bed and I felt fine. I didn't feel ill r have any pains," Felstead tld the India Times. " 7 (sudden) I wke up in the early hurs cvered in sweat and culdn't mve. Billy was n my chest and was mewing ludly in my ear."
Felstead believes her cat saved her life. "He desn't nrmally sit with me 8 he knew smething was wrng because he wuldn't leave 9 (I) alne," Felstead tld the BBC. "I d think he saved my life and s des everybdy else arund me."
Felstead spent three days in 10 hspital and underwent an angiplasty(血管成形术). Nw n heart medicatin, she's back hme and wrking again.
1. t wake 2. sleeping 3. began 4. was rushed 5. where 6. shcked 7. Suddenly 8. but 9. me 10. the年份
卷别
语法填空
短文改错
2023
全国甲卷
as, where
what-which
全国乙卷
that/which
that-whse
2022
新高考I卷
that

全国甲卷
wh

全国乙卷

what-which
2021
新高考II卷
that/which

2020
全国I卷
where

全国II卷

what-which
全国III卷
whse
what-that
1. that用作关系代词，先行词指人或物；在句中作主语、宾语，有时作表语；
2. that用作关系副词，作方式状语（相当于in which，可以省略），先行词是the way。
只用关系代词that场合
典型示例
先行词既为人又为物时
D yu knw the things and persns that they’re talking abut? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
The nly thing that matters is t find ur way hme.唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。
先行词是everything, nthing, anything, all, much, little等不定代词时
I have read all the bks (that) yu gave me.你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stlen t the plice. 最后，这个小偷将他所盗窃的所有东西都交予了警方。
先行词被nly, very, little, all等限定词修饰时
This is the very bk that I was lking fr.这正是我当时在寻找的书。
This train is the first train that will g t Suzhu.这是去苏州的第一趟火车。
只用关系代词which场合
典型示例
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为前边的逗号。
This is the English bk, which I bught yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那本英语书。
He passed the driving test, which made him very excited. 他通过了驾照考试,这使他很兴奋。
用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, bth f which等。标志为介词。
The huse in which I used t live has becme a she shp. 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。
Yu've made great prgress in English, f which I’m greatly prud. 你在英语方面取得了巨大的进步,为此我感到很骄傲。
1. whse用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人或物；
2. 有时用于“介词+whse+名词”结构；
3. whse+名词=the +名词+f whm/which=f whm/which+ the +名词。
1. wh用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。
2. whm用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意whm作宾语，可以省略。
1.where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。
2.先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如schl, museum, centre。
3.还可以是抽象名词，如pint, case, situatin, stage, race, psitin, jb等（热点，须牢记）。
1.when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状。
2.先行词是具体时间名词，如day, mnth, year。
3.还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, ccasin等。
1.why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状。
2.why还可以用于The reasn why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系代词。
1. as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从。
2. 位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……。
3. 从句多含有see, knw, expect, tell, reprt等动词；
4. which和as用法区别：
①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后；
②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”；
③句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于as we all knw/see, as is ften the case with sb等句型。
1.先行词指人关系代词用whm，指物关系代词用which；
2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如t a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn frm；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whse help等。
1.先行词与定语从句被谓语动词或介词短语分隔开构成“分割型”定语从句;
2.定语从句与强调句型相结合构成“It is/was+被强调部分+定语从句+that…”句式。
3.定语从句与同位语从句区别：前者起限制作用，后者起解释说明作用，且连接词不能省略。