专题11 过去分词七大典型用法（清单）--【知识大盘点】2024高考英语一轮复习知识大盘点红宝书

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2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
专题11 过去分词七大典型用法（清单）（解析版）
目录
过去分词考点用法思维导图 P1
考点清单一：过去分词直接作状语典型用法 P2
考点清单二：“连词+过去分词” 构成状语从句省略用法 P2
考点清单三：“be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语用法 P2
考点清单四:过去分词作宾语补足语典型用法 P3
考点清单五:过去分词作定语典型用法 P4
考点清单六:过去分词作表语典型用法 P4
考点清单七:过去分词用于谚语、插入语典型用法 P5
分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题） P5
分类训练（二）单句填空（模拟试题） P6
分类训练（三）单句改错（高考真题） P7
分类训练（四）写作升格（高考书面表达） P7
分类训练（五）语法填空（外刊原创） P8
（一）贵州台盘村“村BA”风靡全国 P8
（二）二十四节气之大暑习俗 P8
过去分词考点用法思维导图
考点清单一：过去分词直接作状语典型用法
要点精讲：过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。
例1：Clearly and thughtfully written, the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.
例2：Pressed frm his parents, and realizing that he has little time left, the by is determined t fcus n his prject.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (encurage) by the speech, the yung peple made up their minds t take up the struggle.
2._____________(wait) in the queue fr half an hur, Tm suddenly realized he had left his wallet at hme.
3._______(bite) twice, the pstman refused t deliver ur letters unless we chained ur dg.
4. __________ (determine) t give up smking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes.
【答案与解析】
1. Encuraged。encurage和句子主语之间构成被动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Encuraged。
2. Having waited。wait和句子主语之间构成主动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Having waited。
3. Bitten。分析句子结构结合句意可知，设空处用非谓语动词作原因状语，动作bite(咬)与主语pstman(邮递员)之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式表被动，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Bitten。
4. Determined。句意：下定决心戒烟了，他扔掉了还剩下的香烟。句中的threw可知，设空处应该填写非谓语动词。be determined t d sth.“下定决心做某事”，为固定搭配，此处作状语，省略be。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Determined。
考点清单二：“连词+过去分词” 构成状语从句省略用法
要点精讲：用于“连词+过去分词”结构，构成状语从句省略句式，表示从句谓语与句子主语之间的被动关系。
例1：Once married, Je devted her life t being a full-time hmemaker.
例2：There are sme health prblems that, when nt treated in time, can becme bigger nes later n.
例3：When asked fr his views abut his teaching jb, Philip said he fund it very interesting and rewarding.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
5. When first ____________ (intrduce) t the market, these prducts enjyed great success.
6. N matter hw frequently (perfrm), the wrks f Beethven still attract peple all ver the wrld.
7. When____________(cmpare) cultures, we ften fcus n the differences withut nticing the similarities.
【答案与解析】
5. intrduced。状语从句谓语动词与句子主语之间构成被动关系。故答案是intrduced。
6. perfrmed。原句可以还原为N matter hw frequently they are perfrmed。故答案是perfrmed。
7. cmparing。从句谓语动词cmpare与句子主语之间构成逻辑上主动关系，故答案是cmparing。
考点清单三：“be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语用法
例1：The sun began t rise in the sky, bathed in the muntain in glden light.
例2：Absrbed in reading, Tm didn’t even ntice his mm cme in.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
8. (trap) in the river fr five hurs, the thief lked very pale and exhausted.
9. (trap) in the river fr five hurs makes the thief lks very pale and exhausted.
10. The thief (trap) in the river fr five hurs, he lked very pale and exhausted.
11. The thief (trap) in the river fr five hurs, s he lked pale and exhausted.
12. ________ (devte) t educatin, he went t the muntainus areas t teach.
13. ________ (expse) t a lt f new ideas when studying in cllege, Mary always des smething that thers can't understand.
【答案与解析】
8. Having been trapped/trapped。be trapped in表示“被困在……”，既是被动又已经发生。故答案是Having been trapped/trapped。
9. Being trapped。故答案是Being trapped。结合语境应用动名词短语作主语，又是被动含义。
10. having been trapped/trapped。故答案是having been trapped/trapped。前半句构成独立主格结构。
11. had been trapped。故答案是had been trapped。s连接并列句，前半句缺少谓语动词，需要被动语态。
12. Devted。句意：他致力于教育事业，到山区教书。此处为短语be devted t，表示“致力于”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Devted。
13. Expsed。句意：读大学时接触了许多新思想，Mary总是做一些他人无法理解的事情。词组be expsed t意为“被暴露于、使接触”。分析句子可知，“读大学时接触了许多新思想”是Mary做别人无法理解之事的原因，故用过去分词做原因状语。故填Expsed。
考点清单四: 过去分词作宾语补足语典型用法
要点精讲1：过去分词作宾语补足语，逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,用作观感使役类动词的宾补，如see, watch, hear, ntice, have, make, leave, keep, find。
例1：Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car washed.
例2：She culdn't make herself heard because f the traffic nise.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
14. The managers discussed the plan that they wuld like t see (carry) ut the next year.
15. She returned hme, nly t find the dr pen and a number f things (g/steal/miss/g/lse)
16. The prgram was s exciting that the children kept their eyes (fix) n the screen.
17. He gt his bad tth ________ (pull) yesterday, fr it had caused him t much pain.
18. When I came in, I fund a strange girl ___________(seat) in the crner.
【答案与解析】
14. carried。定语从句含有see sth dne句型。故答案是carried。
15. gne/stlen/missing/lst。be gne/stlen/missing/lst是固定词组，故答案是gne/stlen/missing/lst。
16. fixed。fix ne’s eyes n sth表示“眼睛注视着”，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是fixed。
17. pulled。分析句子可知，pull(拔)在句中做动词gt后宾语his bad tth的补足语，应使用非谓动词形式，又因与其逻辑主语his bad tth之间是被动关系，所以应使用过去分词形式pulled。故填pulled。
18. seated。分析句子成分可知，设空处为非谓语动词，作名词girl的后置定语。girl与seat之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，故用过去分词形式。故填seated。
要点精讲2：用于“with+名词/代词+过去分词”结构作宾补；省略 with则转化为“名词/代词+过去分词”构成的独立主格结构。
例1：With all the mney used up, the man had t make a living by begging.
例2：Much time spent sitting at a desk, ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
19. He rushed int the rm, with his face (cver) with sweat.
20. The children went hme frm the grammar schl, their lessns ______________(finish) fr the day.
21. With the difficult prblem_________(settle), he threw himself in the sfa in relief.
22. It is estimated that by the end f this year, the number f peple using hanfu prducts in China will reach 6.89 millin, with ttal sales ________ (expect) t reach 10.16 billin yuan.
【答案与解析】
19. cvered。be cvered with表示“被……覆盖”；宾语face和cver之间构成被动关系。故答案是cvered。
20. finished。their lessns finished是独立主格结构，二者逻辑上是被动关系。故答案是finished。
21. settled。with sth dne强调二者之间被动关系。故答案是settled。
22. expected。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is estimated，with的复合结构作状语。其中with后宾语ttal sales缺少宾补，所以空处为非谓语作宾补，修饰ttal sales。ttal sales和expect为动宾关系，需要用过去分词作宾补。故填expected。
考点清单五: 过去分词作定语典型用法
要点精讲2：过去分词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词或代词.单个分词常作前置定语，分词短语多作后置定语；过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作。
例1：The wedding ceremny tk place in a brightly decrated htel rm.
例2：A number f rads have blcked by fallen trees because f the heavy rain.
例3：Many wrds assciated with life in the West are Spanish.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
23. Frm the dates (mark) n the gld cin, we decided it was made five hundred years ag.
24. Can thse / (sit/seat) at the back f the classrm hear me?
25. A team f scientists ______（lead）by a prfessr has fund ut that the mnarch is able t tell the time f day.
26. The club, _________ (fund) 25 years ag, is hlding a party fr past and present members.
27. The ld lady was s kind that she adpted many ____________ (abandn) cats and dgs.
【答案与解析】
23. marked。日期是被印在硬币上，故用过去分词短语作定语。故答案是marked。
24. sitting/seated。空格需要分词作定语，sit是不及物动词，be seated表示“坐好”。故答案是sitting/seated。
25. led。句意：由一位教授带领的一组科学家发现，帝王蝶能够辨别一天中的时间。mc scientists与lead之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。根据句意，故填led。
26. funded。句意：这家俱乐部，成立于25年前，正在为过去和现在的会员举办一场聚会。设空处为非谓语动词，fund与逻辑主语The club之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，fund的过去分词为funded，作后置定语。故填funded。
27. abandned。这些狗和猫是被遗弃的，应用过去分词作定语。故填abandned。
考点清单六: 过去分词作表语典型用法
要点精讲：过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sund, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
例1：Thugh he was a new man, he gt accustmed t the way f life here very sn.
例2： Tm sunds very interested in the jb, but I'm nt sure whether he can manage it.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
28. Please remain (seat); the winner f the prize will be annunced sn.
29. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid yu wn’t have time t get (change) befre the party.
30. Fr thse with family members far away, the persnal cmputer and the phne are imprtant in staying ______ (cnnect).
31. The stry was s (mve) that all f us were (mve) t tears.
【答案与解析】
28. seated。remain seated相当于be seated。故答案是seated。
29. changed。get changed也是被动语态结构，类似地，get caught, get burnt, get paid等。故答案是changed。
30. cnnected。句意：对于那些家人离得很远的人来说，电脑和手机是保持联系的重要工具。stay是系动词，此处后面接形容词性过去分词cnnected作表语；cnnected 意思为“有联系的”。故填cnnected。
31. mving; mved。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人……”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示“感到……”。故答案是mving; mved。
考点清单七：过去分词用于谚语、插入语典型用法
例：Cmpared with traditinal educatin, nline educatin has many advantages.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
32. United we stand; (divide) we fall.
33. Well (begin), half dne.
34. Friendship is like mney: easier made than (keep).
35. Michael’s new huse is like a huge palace, ______(cmpare) with his ld ne.
【答案与解析】
32. divided。句意：合则立，分则亡。前后对仗，互为提示。故答案是divided。
33. begun。句意：良好开端是成功一半。故答案是begun。
34. kept。句意：友情就像金钱，获得容易维持难。故答案是kept。
35. cmpared。句中的is为谓语动词，设空处应该填写非谓语动词。cmpare为动词，意为“比较”，与逻辑主语.Michael’s new huse之间是被动关系。故应用过去分词做伴随状语。故填cmpared。
分类训练（一）高考真题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (2022全国乙卷) “As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day… China has a respnsibility t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry. It can help t build a cmmunity with a ____________ (share) future fr mankind,” he said.
2. (2022全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ____________ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
3. (2021北京卷)There is a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years, ____________ (cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures, accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
4. (2021全国乙卷) It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme ________ (educate) abut the areas - bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the develpment f the lcal areas.
5. (2021新高考I卷)But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us (astnish).
6. (2020全国II卷) They make great gifs and yu see them many times __________ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
7.（2023全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message 66 (intend) fr everyne.
8. (2020·天津卷)___________(cmplete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.
9.（2023全国乙卷卷）Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system f ring rads.
10.（2023新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the 39 (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace.
【答案与解析】
1. shared。考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
2. held。考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hld应用非谓语动词形式，hld与cperatin之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
3. caused。考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
4. educated。考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配becme educated abut表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
5. astnished。考查非谓语动词。。leave sb astnished此处说明“us”的状态，“使某人感到吃惊”。故填astnished。
6. decrated。考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的range trees，与decrate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decrated。
7. intended。考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended fr打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
8. Cmpleted。考查非谓语动词。结合语境应用过去分词表示动词与句子主语之间的被动关系。故填Cmpleted。
9.built。考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system f ring rads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
10. recgnized。考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词hme前面作定语，recgnize与hme是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recgnized作定语，recgnized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recgnized。
分类训练（二）模拟试题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt ________ (sweep) int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden.
12. With the gvernment’s aid, thse _________(affect) by the earthquake have mved t the new settlements.
13. Michael put up a picture f Ya Ming beside the bed t keep himself _______(remind) f his wn dreams.
14. Hearing the gd news, I felt a heavy lad (take) ff my mind.
15. When will yu g t the hspital and have yur tth (examine)?
16. _______(face) with s much truble, China has succeeded cntrlling the spread f cvid-19.
17. The plice recmmended that the (injure) in the accident (take) t the hspital.
18. Unless _____________(invite) t speak, yu shuld remain silent at the cnference.
19. _______ (lcate) in the center f the city, the park is a gd place fr a rest at weekends.
20. When he came back t life，he fund himself lying n the flr, with his hands __________ (tie) behind.
【答案】
11. swept 12. affected 13. reminded 14. taken 15. examined 16. faced 17. injured; shuld be taken 18. invited 19. lcated 20. tied
分类训练（三）单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
21. (2020·全国I) I like eating frying tmates with eggs, and I thught it must t be easy t ck.
22. With the by led the way, the sldiers managed t walk thrugh the frest.
23. Cncerning abut her sn’s future, the mther has been sleeping very badly these mnths.
24. Cmpare with her achievements, her shrtcmings are nly secndary.
25. I abslutely hate it when peple eat at my huse and have their eyes gluing t their phnes fr the entire meal.
26. “It's really a nice place,” Mther said as she sat at the table reserve fr custmers
27. Cnvincing that I wuld try my best t help him, he became less wrried.
28. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time spending with his students.
29. The elevatr drs slid pen, and a cuple, dressing in elegant cats, appeared with shpping bags.
30. I am used t reading China Daily every mrning, as it can keep me infrming f the present events bth at hme and abrad.
【答案】
21. frying改为fried 22. led改为leading 23. Cncerning改为Cncerned 24.Cmpare改为Cmpared 225. gluing改为glued 26.reserve改为reserved 27. Cnvincing改为Cnvinced 28. Spending改为spent 29. dressing改为dressed 30. infrming改为infrmed
分类训练（四）句式升级
书面表达句式升级：请运用过去分词翻译下列各句。
31. (2022全国乙卷) 因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天和玩电脑游戏上瘾。
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32. (2022全国甲卷) 没有海洋，就没有生命可以活下来，包括人类。
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33. (2023新高考卷) 考虑到这些关切，我想提供一个口语练习可供选择的办法。
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34. (2021全国乙卷) 和传统学校教育相比，网上学习可以随时随地发生。
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35. (2021全国乙卷) 我很荣幸站在这里演讲，题目是“做一名智慧的网络学习者”。
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36. (2021全国乙卷) 这不仅使我们随时随地学习，还可以为我们提供各种为我们定指的学习材料。
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37. (2021全国乙卷) 另外，密切跟踪老师网络课堂内容是明智的，以便我们可以更加参与、聚焦和有动力。
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38. (2021全国甲卷) 消息传来我们学校将要举行一个与中国传统风俗有关的班会。
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39. (2021新高考I卷) 自从订阅《青年》报纸以来我已成为一名忠实的读者。
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40. (2021新高考I卷) 尽管我感到很困惑，我还是收到很多鼓励，这给我信心去成为一名作家。
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【答案】
31. Because f their lack f self-discipline, they’re mre easily addicted t chatting nline r playing games.
32. Withut the ceans, n living things wuld survive, humans included.
33. Given these cncerns, I’d like t suggest an alternative apprach t ur ral practice.
34. Cmpared with traditinal schling, learning nline can happen anytime and anywhere.
35. I feel greatly privileged t stand here t deliver a speech titled Be smart nline learners.
36. Nt nly des it allw us t learn wherever and whenever it wrks fr us, but als prvides us with a variety f learning materials tailred t us.
37. Besides, it's wise t fllw the teachers clsely in nline class s that we can becme mre invlved, fcused and mtivated.
38. Wrd came that ur schl is ging t hld a class meeting with its tpic related t Chinese traditinal custms.
39. I have been a devted reader since I subscribed t the newspaper Yuth.
40. Refused as I was, I still received sme great encuragement, which gives me cnfidence t be a writer.
分类训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创）
（一）贵州台盘“村BA”风靡全国
Game that shws prsperity and happiness
China Daily | Updated: 2023-06-09 07:06
In March, media utlets acrss China reprted the VBA event in Guizhu prvince, generating even mre excitement 1 the prfessinal CBA matches. The 2 (participant) were all village residents wh had returned frm the fields r frm their migrant wrk in the cities 3 (take) part in the turnament.
Bth basketball and ftball have arrived in a big way with audiences in China. Althugh the star players f the VBA are n match t prfessinals in the CBA, peple appreciate the VBA mre fr the 4 (dedicate) and jy 5 (display) n the curt.
Over the past tw decades, a large number f rural yuth 6 (mve) t cities fr wrk, which has brught substantial incme and new ideas t the cuntryside but has als hllwed ut rural areas.
During a basketball game in a village, there are nt just the athletes cmpeting n the field 7 a large number f rural audiences enjying the match, which is 8 sight t behld. This lively atmsphere f peple 9 (enjy) ecnmic develpment in a rural setting is 10 adds t the beauty.
【答案】
1.than 2. participants 3. t take 4. dedicatin 5. displayed 6. have mved 7. but 8. a 9. enjying 10. What
（二）二十四节气之大暑习俗
Majr Heat is the last slar term in summer. "Shu" means ht, "Dashu" means very ht. Majr Heat marks the 1 (ht) mment f a year. N wnder there is a saying: "Yu may feel in a steaming envirnment during this perid." The average temperature f this perid in mst parts f China usually reaches 35℃, and it may g up t as high as 40℃ in sme places. Extreme weather cnditins, such as thunderstrm, drught, fld, and typhn, ccur 2 (frequent) during this perid.
Sending the Majr Heat Ship
Sending the Majr Heat ship is a flk traditin spanning hundreds f years in Taizhu, Zhejiang prvince. The ship is filled with 3 (vary) animals fr sacrifice such as pigs, sheep, chicken, fish, and shrimps. Mre than 50 fishermen take turns carrying the ship as they march thrugh the streets. Drums 4 (play) and firewrks are lit. 5 sides f the street are filled with peple praying fr blessings. After a series f ceremnies, the ship is finally carried t the wharf. Then, the ship is pulled ut f the fishing prt and burned at sea. Peple carry ut this ritual 6 (pray) fr gd harvests and health.
Eating Grass Jelly
Many places in suthern China have the custm f "eating grass jelly" during the Majr Heat. Grass jelly is made with a special grass 7 stems and leaves can be made int grass jelly after 8 (dry) in the sun. 9 the amazing ability t quell the summer heat, grass jelly is described in a ppular saying in Guangdng prvince that 10 (g), "eating grass jelly in Majr Heat will make yu stay yung like the immrtals."
【答案】
1. httest 2. frequently 3. varius 4. are played 5. Bth 6. t pray 7. whse 8. being dried 9. With 10. ges
要点精讲
部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语
be absrbed in 被……吸引，专注于 be lst in 迷失在……中
be dressed in 穿着…… be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在……
be ccupied in 忙碌于…… be lcated/situated in 坐落在……
be equipped/furnished with 被配备…… be laded/burdened with 担负着……
be faced with 面临着…… be accustmed/used t ding 习惯于做某事
be devted/cmmitted t ding 致力于做某事 be addicted t ding 对……上瘾