4.4 单元综合测试 - 高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版必修第三册）

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Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 单元综合测试（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2022·安徽·高一课时练习）Albert Einstein(1879—1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time. Born of Jewish parents in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler's persecution of the Jews.In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move , a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relatively to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there are really no such things as absolute motion.Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity, He also improved on Newton's theory of gravity. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.1．In 1933, Einstein went to live in the United States because ________A．he loved the USA more than his own countryB．he had got some friends there with whom he could work togetherC．he wanted to live quietly in the USAD．he could no longer work in Germany when Hitler came into power2．Einstein published his Special Theory of Relativity when he was ________ .A．in the United StatesB．in Ulm, Germany after he got his Ph. DC．still in Switzerland at the age of twenty-sixD．still at the University of Zurich at the age of thirty-six3．One of the conclusions drawn by Einstein is that ________ .A．planes go faster than trains and buses B．people couldn't run as fast as vehiclesC．light goes the fastest of all the things D．two trains can go in different directions .B（2021·黑龙江鸡西·高一期末）Gitanjali Rao, a 15-year-old teenager who used artificial intelligence(AI) and created apps to track lead(铅) in drinking water, cyberbullying and other social problems, has been named Time Magazine’s Kid of the Year for 2020. The magazine announced the award Thursday, praising Rao’s ability to deal with daily-life problems and her desire to inspire other kids for their own dreams.It’s just the latest recognition for Rao. Last year, she was named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 List. She won praise in 2017 after she responded to the water crisis in Flint, Miclugan, by creating a tool named Dehys, to detect lead in water and send those results to a mobile phone. She was named America’s Top Young Scientist when she was in the seventh grade.More recently, Rao has developed an app named Kindly. which uses artificial intelligence technology to detect possible early signs of cyberbullying.“You type in a word or phrase. and it’s able to check if it’s bullying, and it gives you the chance to correct it or send it the way it is, “Rao tells Time.” The goal is not to punish. Instead, it gives you the time to rethink what you’re saying so that you know what to do next time around.”Rao has partnered with countryside schools, museums and other organizations to run workshops for other students.“I don’t look like a typical scientist. Everything I see on TV is that it’s an older man as a scientist,” she told Time. “So I really want to put out that message: If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it.”For 92 years, Time has presented a “Person of the Year”, and the youngest ever was Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, who was 16 when she was on the magazine’s cover last year.4．How old was Rao when she was named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 List?A．13. B．14. C．15. D．165．Tehys can be used to ______.A．track lead in drinking waterB．communicate with other studentsC．inspire and encourage other kidsD．detect possible cyberbullying messages6．What does Rao mean in her message to the children?A．She isn’t satisfied with her achievements.B．She thinks in is easy to become a scientistC．She doesn’t think she is a typical scientist.D．She wants other children to do the same7．What is the best title for the text?A．Gitanjali Rao: the Youngest Social ActivistB．Gitanjali Rao: a Very Talented Al ScientistC．Time Names Gitanjali Rao Kid of the YearD．Time Presents Gitanjali Rao in a Cover StoryC（2022·湖南师大附中高一期末）Katherine Johnson was the most recognized of the African American “human computers”, and she was a NASA female mathematician who calculated(计算)trajectories for early space flights-from the 1930s until the 1980s. Born in 1918, in the little town of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers. As a child, she counted everything. She counted the steps on the road, the steps up to school, the number of dishes she washed. By the time she was 10 years old, she had been a high school freshman, which was truly amazing in a time when school for African-Americans normally stopped at eighth grade. To realize her math potential, her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education. Katherine’s excellent performance proved her father’s decision was the right one：Teachers allowed Katherine to skip several grades to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18, majoring in mathematics, as the top student of the historically black West Virginia State College in Institute. In 1953, after years as a teacher and later as a stay-at-home mom, she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called “computer”. Even after NASA began using electronic computers, the astronaut John Glenn requested that she should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight. She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986. Her calculations proved important to the success of the Apollo lunar landing program and the United States journey into space. Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures. Katherine Johnson, a great mathematician, physicist, space scientist and the last “computer” who wore skirts, passed away on February 24, 2020. 8．What can we learn about Katherine from paragraph 2?A．She left school at eighth grade. B．She skipped grades in college. C．She went to high school at 14. D．She was gifted in math as a child. 9．How long did Katherine work at NASA?A．For 18 years. B．For 33 years. C．For 51 years. D．For 67 years. 10．Why was Katherine called “computer” in NASA?A．She played the role of a computer. B．She calculated as fast as computers. C．She was in charge of the computers. D．She was skilled in operating computers. 11．What’s the best title for the text?A．Female scientists at NASAB．A great female mathematician’s decisionC．Katherine Johnson, a computer who wore skirtsD．Katherine Johnson’s great educational backgroundD（2020·四川凉山·高一期中）Hedy Lamarr, a Hollywood actress, who was called “the most beautiful woman in the world,” starred in dozens of films over a career that lasted decades. But there was more to Lamarr than met the eye. An enthusiastic inventor, she worked on everything from a tablet to frequency hopping — a World War II-era secure communications technology that’s used today in wireless internet, GPS, and cellphones, which makes her regarded as the “mother of Wi-Fi.”The Austrian-born Lamarr grew up in Vienna without a lot of education in science. Her natural curiosity drove her to explore and understand the world around her.Therefore, her father, who was also interested in science and technology, often walked with her around the city, pointing out what made things work.Lamarr's informal scientific training continued when, as a young girl in 1933, she married a wealthy arms merchant who worked with the German and Italian military. When all of these generals and admirals were coming around, she listened, absorbed and learned.The marriage didn’t last, and Lamarr set out to seek her acting career. When she got to Hollywood in the 1930s, she quickly became an international icon(偶像). After watching World War II break out, with growing concern, Lamarr began inventing on her own. As an Austrian, she thought she should do more to contribute to the allies’s(同盟国) war efforts.In Hollywood, Lamarr met George Antheil, a composer who would become her cooperator on the frequency-hopping technology. Together, they invented a system that made it harder for the enemy to track or jam signals on radio-guided weapons. However, it wasn’t until 1997, three years before her death, that Lamarr received professional acknowledgment(认可) for her invention.Lamarr played the role she expected to play in Hollywood-a beautiful object to admire on the big screen. However, She never yielded to society’s expectation to women. Her story really encouraged young people, and especially young women, to go into fields that are traditionally male-oriented, and not to judge a book by its covers.12．What mainly made Lamarr develop her interest in science?A．Her father. B．Her first husband and his friends.C．Her own curiosity. D．Her teachers.13．What was special about Hedy Lamarr?A．She was the most beautiful woman in the world at one time.B．She was gracefully beautiful as well as scientifically intellectual.C．She encouraged young women to invent.D．She decided to give up her acting career after World War II broke out.14．What does the underlined phrase “yielded to” most probably mean in the last paragraph?A．worried about B．looked down onC．disagreed with D．gave in to15．Which can be the best title for the text?A．A Great Inventor.B．A Famous Actress.C．A Film Star With A Great Contribution.D．A Wireless Communication.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）（2021·江苏省盱眙中学高一期末）Thousands of people now use computers for many different things. ____16____ But have they?Of course computers are great in that they have improved some people’s lives for the better. However, they also cause problems, too. A large number of people who use computers a lot can get physical problems. ____17____. There will be injures in computers users’ hands and arms, as people use the keyboard and the mouse too much. People who have computers are also spending more time sitting down and less time exercising; so many of them are becoming overweight.____18____ One example is stress. Computers, the Internet and email have made many people’s lives much faster. This can be very exciting, but it also means that people feel under a lot of pressure to do everything more quickly, which is stressful.Addiction is also a problem with more young people. They can spend hours and hours in chat rooms and surfing the net. Sometimes until very late night. ____19____.Some studies in the unites states have suggested that young children and teenagers who spend many hours at computers tend to get lonely and even depressed. “____20____ But parents and teachers used to help children to learn to use computers in responsible and creative ways.” says teacher Jane Shields. “And children should also learn when it is time to log off the computers and head outside to do something different.”A．Computers can be a really positive part of children’s lives.B．We often hear that computers have changed our lives for the better.C．We should have a right attitudes towards the computers.D．Other problems are psychological.E．This means they can’t work or study properly and can have problems keeping friends.F．They find that their eyesight get worse. For example, if they look at the screen for too long .G．Many people have been addicted to computer games.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）（2021·全国·高一课时练习）Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical ____21____. When asked why he was able to be so much more ____22____ than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) ____23____ with his mother that occurred when he was a child. Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled(洒出) it all over the kitchen floor. Instead of ____24____ at him, giving him a lecture or chastising(指责) him, his mother said, “What a great and wonderful ____25____ you’ve made! Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes ____26____ we clean it up?” Indeed, he did. Then, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, ____27____ you have to clean it up.” And together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a ____28____ experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s see if you can discover a way to carry it without ____29____ it.” The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could _____30_____ without dropping it. What a good _____31_____ to him! This famous scientist said it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make _____32_____. Instead, he learned mistakes were just _____33_____ for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific _____34_____ are all about. Even if the experiment doesn’t work, we usually learn something _____35_____ from it.21．A．impressions B．breakthroughs C．promises D．intentions22．A．outgoing B．responsible C．warm-hearted D．creative23．A．experience B．word C．argument D．adventure24．A．looking B．yelling C．smiling D．glancing25．A．discovery B．mess C．change D．joke26．A．when B．as C．after D．before27．A．gradually B．initially C．eventually D．constantly28．A．successful B．failed C．completed D．useless29．A．shaking B．dropping C．lifting D．touching30．A．make up B．make off C．make it D．make sense31．A．attitude B．apology C．project D．lesson32．A．efforts B．plans C．mistakes D．decisions33．A．requirements B．routines C．chances D．goals34．A．achievements B．approaches C．seminars D．experiments35．A．valuable B．ambiguous C．familiar D．abstract第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）（2022·山西·芮城中学高一阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tu Youyou, 84,____36____(honor) with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5, 2015. She was____37____first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science. Tu shared the prize____38____ the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura of Japan.Tu is a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She was honored for____39____(develop) artemisinin, “a new drug therapy against malaria”, ____40____ has saved millions of lives worldwide, ____41____(especial) in developing countries, the Nobel Assembly said on its website.Tu and her colleagues joined a government project ____42____(find) a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. They made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese ____43____(medicine) books. In 1971, after more than 190 ____44____ (fail), Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against the malaria parasites (寄生虫) —artemisinin.“The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. It’s the collective achievement of the research team. _____45_____(win) the prize is an honor for China’s science and traditional Chinese medicine,” Tu told Xinhua.第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．（2022·福建龙岩·高二期末）你校英文报正在征集主题为“Scientific Spirit”的稿件，请你选取科学家必备精神的一个方面，并结合某一个科学家的具体事例写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.科学精神；2.举例说明；3.你的感悟。注意：1.词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Scientific Spirit________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47．（2021·江苏徐州·高一阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。For many years, I had a recurring (重复出现的) dream. I was a little girl again, rushing about, trying to get ready for school.“Hurry, you'll be late for school,” my mother called to me.“I am hurrying, Mom! What did I do with my books?”Deep inside I knew where the dream came from. It was about some unfinished business in my life. As a kid, I loved everything about school. I loved books, teachers, tests and homework. Most of all 1 longed to someday march down the aisle (通道) to receive my diploma. That seemed more appealing even than getting married.But at 15, I had to drop out because my parents couldn't afford tuition. My hope of getting a diploma(毕业证书) was dead, or so I thought. Pretty soon, I married and had three children, and I thought: “There goes my diploma.”Even so, I wanted my children to be educated. But Linda, our youngest child, had juvenile arthritis (幼年型关节炎) in her hands and knees, which made it impossible for her to function in a normal classroom. I felt really sorry for her and I didn't want her to live her life with regret. I didn't give up hope of her being back to school in some way.One day, I saw an ad in the newspaper for evening courses. “That's the answer,” I said to myself. Linda always feels better in the evening, so I'll just sign her up for night school.Linda was busy filling out enrollment (入学) forms when the secretary said: “Mrs. Schantz, why don't you come back to school?”I laughed: “There's no way! I'm 55!” But he persisted, and before I knew what I had done, I was enrolled for classes in English and crafts. “This is only an experiment,” I warned him, but he just smiled. So, I told myself to try for just a semester and to see if it would work. Anyway, my dream was still there in my heart.Paragraph 1:It was exciting to go to school again but it was no game._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:Linda and I helped each other through the time. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．D2．C3．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平和伟大成就。1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler's persecution of the Jews.(1933年，由于德国纳粹主义的兴起和希特勒对犹太人的迫害，他移居美国)”可知，1933年，希特勒上台后，爱因斯坦因为不能再在德国工作而移居美国。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Albert Einstein(1879—1955)(Albert Einstein，1879-1955)”以及第三段中“In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed.(1905年，当他还在苏黎世时，他发表了他的狭义相对论，该理论的基础可能每个人都已经注意到了)”可知，爱因斯坦生于1879年，后于1905年发表了“狭义相对论”，即爱因斯坦二十六岁时，还在瑞士的时候就发表了他的狭义相对论。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light.(他得出的其他一些结论是，没有什么东西能比光速更快，如果像尺子这样的东西移动得越来越快，它似乎会变得越来越短，因为它的速度接近光速)”可知，爱因斯坦得出的一个结论是，光比任何其他物体的速度都要快，故选C。4．B5．A6．D7．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Rao使用AI创建应用程序解决社会问题的事迹和科学成就。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Gitanjali Rao, a 15-year-old teenager who used artificial intelligence(AI) and created apps to track lead(铅) in drinking water, cyberbullying and other social problems, has been named Time Magazine’s Kid of the Year for 2020. (15岁的少年Gitanjali Rao利用人工智能(AI)创建应用程序来跟踪饮用水中的铅、网络欺凌和其他社会问题，她被《时代》杂志评为2020年的年度儿童。)”以及第二段中“Last year, she was named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 List. (去年，她入选《福布斯》30位30岁以下名人榜。)”可知，Rao现在15岁，去年她入选《福布斯》名人榜时，14岁。故选B项。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“She won praise in 2017 after she responded to the water crisis in Flint, Miclugan, by creating a tool named Dehys, to detect lead in water and send those results to a mobile phone. (2017年，她在密歇根州弗林特市应对水危机时，创造了一种名为Dehys的工具，用来检测水中的铅，并将结果发送到手机，赢得了赞誉。)”可知，Tehys可以用来跟踪饮用水中的铅。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I don’t look like a typical scientist. Everything I see on TV is that it’s an older man as a scientist.( 我看起来不像一个典型的科学家。我在电视上看到的科学家都是更年长的人。)”“So I really want to put out that message: If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it. (所以我真的想传达这样一个信息：如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到。)”可知，Rao是在鼓励大家，她希望其他孩子也能像她这样做。故选D项。7．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Gitanjali Rao, a 15-year-old teenager who used artificial intelligence(AI) and created apps to track lead(铅) in drinking water, cyberbullying and other social problems, has been named Time Magazine’s Kid of the Year for 2020. (15岁的少年Gitanjali Rao利用人工智能(AI)创建应用程序来跟踪饮用水中的铅、网络欺凌和其他社会问题，她被《时代》杂志评为2020年的年度儿童。”以及第二段中“She was named America’s Top Young Scientist when she was in the seventh grade.(她上七年级时，被评为美国最佳青年科学家。)”可知，本文主要介绍了Rao使用AI创建应用程序解决社会问题的事迹和科学成就。B项“Gitanjali Rao：一位非常有才华的Al科学家”符合文章主题，适合做标题。故选B项。8．D9．B10．A11．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Katheriine Johnson凭借自己的数学头脑为NASA作出重要贡献的故事。8．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a child, she counted everything.”（小时候，她什么都数）以及“To realize her math potential，her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education.”（为了实现她的数学潜能，她的父亲开车120英里带着家人去了西弗吉尼亚州的学院，在那里黑人可以继续接受高中教育。）可知，Katherine Jonhnson小时候在数学方面很有天赋。故选D项。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1953, after years as a teacher and later as a stay-at-home mom, she began working for NASA”（1953年，在做了多年的教师和后来的全职妈妈后，她开始为NASA工作）以及第四段“She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986.”（她继续在NASA工作，直到1986年退休）可知，1953年Katherine Johnson开始为NASA工作，1986年退休，她在NASA工作了33年。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段“she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called “computer”.”（她开始为NASA工作，NASA于1935年开始雇佣女性来测算风洞试验的结果。在电子计算机出现之前的一段时间，这些女性被称为“计算机”）可知，凯瑟琳在NASA负责测算风洞试验的结果，担任计算机的角色。故选A项。11．标题判断题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了Katheriine Johnson凭借自己的数学头脑为NASA作出重要贡献的故事，结合最后一段“Katherine Johnson, a great mathematician, physicist, space scientist and the last “computer” who wore skirts, passed away on February 24, 2020.（凯瑟琳·约翰逊于2020年2月24日去世，她是一位伟大的数学家、物理学家、太空科学家，也是最后一位穿着裙子的“计算机”）”所以“凯瑟琳·约翰逊，一个穿着裙子的计算机”可以作为文章标题。故选C项。12．C13．B14．D15．C【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述好莱坞女演员和发明家海蒂·拉玛的故事。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Her natural curiosity drove her to explore and understand the world around her.”(她天生的好奇心促使她去探索和理解周围的世界。)可知，是她天生的好奇心促使她培养出对科学的兴趣。故选C。13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Hedy Lamarr, a Hollywood actress, who was called “the most beautiful woman in the world,” starred in dozens of films over a career that lasted decades. But there was more to Lamarr than met the eye. An enthusiastic inventor, she worked on everything from a tablet to frequency hopping — a World War II-era secure communications technology that’s used today in wireless internet, GPS, and cellphones, which makes her regarded as the “mother of Wi-Fi.””(海蒂·拉玛，好莱坞女演员，被称为“世界上最美丽的女人”，在她几十年的演艺生涯中，主演了几十部电影。但对拉玛来说，不只是眼见为实。她是一位有热情的发明家，从平板电脑到跳频技术——这是二战时期的安全通信技术，如今应用于无线互联网、GPS和手机，这使她被称为“无线网络之母。)可知，海蒂·拉玛既优雅美丽，又具有科学知识。故选B。14．词句猜测题。这句话“However, She never yielded to society’s expectation to women.”(然而，她从来没有yielded to社会对女性的期待。)里面，yielded to是动词短语，表达她对社会对女性的期待做出的反应。根据最后一段“Her story really encouraged young people, and especially young women, to go into fields that are traditionally male-oriented, and not to judge a book by its covers.”(她的故事鼓励年轻人，尤其是年轻女性，进入传统上以男性为中心的领域，不要以貌取人。)可知，拉玛做的事情和社会对女性的期待不一致。所以她从未屈服于社会对女性的期望，意思和选项D一致。故选D。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Hedy Lamarr, a Hollywood actress, who was called “the most beautiful woman in the world,” starred in dozens of films over a career that lasted decades. But there was more to Lamarr than met the eye. An enthusiastic inventor, she worked on everything from a tablet to frequency hopping — a World War II-era secure communications technology that’s used today in wireless internet, GPS, and cellphones, which makes her regarded as the “mother of Wi-Fi.””(海蒂·拉玛，好莱坞女演员，被称为“世界上最美丽的女人”，在她几十年的演艺生涯中，主演了几十部电影。但对拉玛来说，不只是眼见为实。她是一位有热情的发明家，从平板电脑到跳频技术——这是二战时期的安全通信技术，如今应用于无线互联网、GPS和手机，这使她被称为“无线网络之母。)可知，这篇文章是在讲述海蒂·拉玛不仅是一位漂亮的演员，还是一位有热情的发明家，对社会做出了巨大的贡献的故事。故选C。16．B17．F18．D19．E20．A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了使用电脑的缺点。16．根据空后的“But have they?”（但真的是这样么？）及下一段“Of course computers are great in that they have improved some people’s lives for the better. However, they also cause problems, too.”（当然，电脑的伟大之处在于它们使一些人的生活变得更好。然而，它们也会带来问题。）可知，此处应该是提出电脑积极改变生活这一观点，下文提出质疑并加以分析，故B项（我们经常听说电脑使我们的生活变得更好。）符合语境。故选B项。17．根据空前的“physical problems”（身体上的问题）及空后的“There will be injures in computers users’ hands and arms, as people use the keyboard and the mouse too much.”（电脑使用者的手和胳膊会感到不适，因为人们使用键盘和鼠标时间过长。）可知，此处应该提到另一种身体部位出问题的情况，与下文构成并列举例，故F项（他们发现自己的视力变差了。例如，如果他们盯着屏幕太久。）符合语境。故选F项。18．上一段介绍电脑会造成一些身体上的问题，空后的“One example is stress.”（一个例子就是压力。）说明电脑不仅会造成身体上的问题，还会造成心理上的问题，故D项（还有一些问题是心理上的。）符合语境。故选D项。19．根据空前的“They can spend hours and hours in chat rooms and surfing the net. Sometimes until very late night.”（他们可能花好几个小时在聊天室和网上冲浪。有时直到深夜。）可知，此处总结上文，说明这种方式对年轻人在现实中的学习、工作乃至交友的不利影响，故E项（这意味着他们不能正常工作或学习，也不能保持朋友关系。）符合语境。故选E项。20．空后的“But parents and teachers need to help children to learn to use computers in responsible and creative ways.”（但是家长和老师需要帮助孩子们以负责任和创造性的方式学习使用电脑。）可知家长和老师要帮助孩子学习使用电脑，说明正确使用电脑可以给孩子们带来积极的影响，故A项（电脑可以成为孩子们生活中真正积极的一部分。）符合语境。故选A项。21．B22．D23．A24．B25．B26．D27．C28．B29．B30．C31．D32．C33．C34．D35．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个著名的科学家小时候的一次经历, 正是由于妈妈的鼓励和引导, 这名科学家懂得了人生应该从错误中学习, 不要害怕犯错误。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬·格伦是一位著名的美国研究科学家，他在医学上取得了几项非常重要的突破。A. impressions印象； B. breakthroughs突破；C.promises承诺D. intentions 意图。根据“Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical”可知，他在医学上取得了几项非常重要的突破。故选B项。22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么他能比一般人更有创造力时，他回答说，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。A. outgoing外向的；B. responsible有责任的；C.warm-hearted 热心的；D. creative有创造力的。根据“who has made several very important medical   ____1____ .”可知，他能比一般人更有创造力。故选D项。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么他能比一般人更有创造力时，他回答说，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。A. experience经历；B. word消息；C. argument争论； D. adventure冒险。根据“...that occurred when he was a child”以及下文具体的叙述经历可知，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。故选A项。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫，也没有狠狠地教训或惩罚他，只是说:“你制造的麻烦真是太棒了!”。A. looking看；B. yelling喊；C. smiling微笑； D.   glancing一瞥。根据“What a great and wonderful ____5____ you’ve made!”可知，：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫。故选B项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫，也没有狠狠地教训或惩罚他，只是说:“你制造的混乱真是太棒了!。A. discovery发现； B. mess混乱； C. change 改变；D. joke笑话。根据“Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled(洒出) it all over the kitchen floor.”可知，作者制造了混乱。妈妈只是说故“你制造的混乱真是太棒了!故选B项。26．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在我们把它打扫干净之前，你想不想在牛奶里玩几分钟?A. when当……时候； B. as因为； C.after在……之后；D.   before在……之前。根据句意可知，本句为before引导的时间状语从句。故选D项。27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他的母亲说:“斯蒂芬，无论什么时候你弄得这么乱，最终都得自己收拾。”A. gradually逐渐地；B. initially原来地；C. eventually最后地；D. constantly一直地。根据“you have to clean it up.”可知，母亲对斯蒂芬说，无论什么时候你弄得这么乱，最终都得自己收拾。故选C项。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的妈妈接着说:“你知道吗，我们现在做的是一个失败的实验，这个实验室关于如何用两只小手有效地拿起一个大奶瓶。A. successful成功的； B. failed不成功的；C. completed完整的；D. useless无用处的。根据“Let’s see if you can discover a way to carry it without   ____9____   it.”可知，母亲接着说，他们现在做的是一个失败的实验。故选B项。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们看看你是否能找到一种不让它掉下去的方法。A. shaking晃动； B. dropping掉落；C. lifting抬起； D. touching触摸。根据“without dropping it.”可知，母亲让斯蒂芬探究是否找到一种不让它掉下去的方法。故选B项。30．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口的地方，瓶子就不会掉下来。A. make up编造； B. make off匆忙离开； C. make it 成功；D. make sense讲得通。根据“The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands”以及“without dropping it.”可知，男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口的地方，瓶子就不会掉下来。故选C项。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对他来说是多么好的一堂课啊。A. attitude态度；B. apology道歉； C. project工程；D. lesson课程。根据上文可知，母亲并没有责备打翻牛奶瓶的斯蒂芬，母亲让史蒂芬自己去发现一种不让瓶子掉下去的方法。对斯蒂芬是多么好的一堂课。故选D项。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位著名的科学家说，就在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误。A. efforts努力； B. plans计划； C.mistakes错误；D.   decisions决定。根据“he knew he didn’t need to be afraid”以及“Instead, he learned mistakes”可知，这位著名的科学家说，就在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误。故选C项。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。A. requirements要求；B. routines路线；C. chances机会；D. goals目标。根据上文打翻牛奶瓶的经历以及“for learning something new”可知，斯蒂芬发现错误只是学习新东西的机会。故选C项。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。A. achievements成就；B. approach方法；C.seminars 研讨会；D. experiments实验。根据“Even if the experiment”可知，斯蒂芬发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。故选D项。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使实验没有成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。A. valuable有价值的； B. ambiguous不明确的；C.familiar熟悉的；D. abstract抽象的。根据“Even if the experiment doesn’t work”以及常识可知，即使实验没有成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。故选A项。36．was honored37．the38．with39．developing40．which##that41．especially42．to find43．medical44．failures45．Winning【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了诺贝尔生理医学奖获得者屠呦呦和她的团队在研发一种治疗疟疾的新药方面做出的努力。36．考查时态和语态。句意：84岁的屠呦呦于2015年10月5日荣获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。分析可知，所填空应是句子谓语，honor，谓语动词，意为“给……以荣誉”，与之前主语Tu Youyou之间为被动关系，结合时间状语“on Oct 5, 2015”可知，应是一般过去时的被动语态，主语第三人称，谓语单数形式。故填was honored。37．考查冠词。句意：她是第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民。the+序数词+（名词）+to do sth. (第几个干某事的……)。故填the。38．考查介词。句意：屠呦呦与出生于爱尔兰的威廉·坎贝尔和来自日本的佐藤村分享了该奖项。share sth. with sb. (与某人分享某物)。故填with。39．考查动名词。句意：诺贝尔大会在其网站上称，她因开发青蒿素而获奖，青蒿素是一种“抗疟疾的新药疗法”，它拯救了全世界数百万人的生命，尤其是在发展中国家。分析可知，for 为介词，之后接动名词形式作宾语。be honored for doing sth. (因做某事而给与荣誉)。故填developing。40．考查定语从句关系词。句意：诺贝尔大会在其网站上称，她因开发青蒿素而获奖，青蒿素是一种“抗疟疾的新药疗法”，它拯救了全世界数百万人的生命，尤其是在发展中国家。分析可知，“___5___ has saved millions of lives worldwide…”应是之前名词“a new drug therapy against malaria”的定语从句，先行词a new drug therapy against malaria，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导从句。故填which/that。41．考查副词。句意：诺贝尔大会在其网站上称，她因开发青蒿素而获奖，青蒿素是一种“抗疟疾的新药疗法”，它拯救了全世界数百万人的生命，尤其是在发展中国家。分析可知，所填空应是副词especially作状语，修饰介词短语in developing countries，起到强调作用。故填especially。42．考查动词不定式。句意：屠呦呦和她的同事在20世纪60年代末加入了一个政府项目，寻找一种新的抗疟疾药物。分析可知，所填空为非谓语，是动词不定式短语做目的状语。故填to find。43．考查形容词。句意：他们从中医书中的2000种配方中提取了380种草药。分析可知，所填空应是形容词medical作定语，修饰之后名词books。故填medical。44．考查名词复数。句意：1971年，在190多次失败后，屠呦呦的团队终于发现了一种对疟疾寄生虫100%有效的提取物——青蒿素。分析可知，空前有“more than 190”作为限定词，所填空应是名词failure的复数形式。故填failures。45．考查动名词。句意：获奖是中国科学和中医的荣誉。分析可知，动名词作主语，首字母大写。故填Winning。46．                                                                                                                                                           Scientific SpiritWhen we talk about the scientific spirit, there are many aspects we should evaluate. Personally, the most important spirit is being patriotic. Patriotism is the most natural feeling for a citizen. Qian Xuesen, for example, left America and returned to China when his country needed him. He helped develop the Chinese aerospace program and make extraordinary contributions. It was actually his patriotism that made him give up the good conditions abroad and return to his motherland.In conclusion, patriotism is what inspires scientists to devote themselves to scientific career.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文。你校英文报正在征集主题为“Scientific Spirit”的稿件，请你选取科学家必备精神的一个方面，并结合某一个科学家的具体事例写一篇短文投稿。【详解】1.词汇积累角度：perspective→aspect放弃：quit→give up重要的：vital→important总之：all in all→in conclusion2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Personally, the most important spirit is being patriotic. Patriotism is the most natural feeling for a citizen.拓展句：Personally, the most important spirit is being patriotic, which is the most natural feeling for a citizen.【点睛】[高分句型1] When we talk about the scientific spirit, there are many aspects we should evaluate. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)[高分句型2] It was actually his patriotism that made him give up the good conditions abroad and return to his motherland. (运用了强调句)47．It was exciting to go to school again but it was no game. Sitting in a classroom full of kids was awkward, even if most of them were respectful and encouraging. During the day, I was still a busy married woman having loads of housework to do. In the evening, I was a hardworking student working on my courses. To my surprise, both Linda and I did very well in night school. I went back again the next semester, and my grades steadily improved.Linda and I helped each other through the time. When I was down, Linda encouraged me. “Mom, you can’t quit now!” And when she was down, I encouraged her. I have to say it was a time which was really hard on both of us. But neither of us gave up. At last, I got my diploma. To my surprise, almost all of my classmates voted for me to be class speaker, and I got a $3,000 college scholarship. The unfinished business in my dreams was eventually finished.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。本文讲述了作者努力完成自己的梦想—完成学业，和自己的小女儿Linda一起上夜校的故事。【详解】读写任务型写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句，写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章在开头向我们谈起了作者重复出现的梦：重回小女孩的时期，上学。接着讲到了因为经济原因，在15岁时被迫辍学。结婚后，尽管已经是三个孩子的母亲，但作者想实现自己求学，获得毕业证书的报负并未消逝。在一次偶尔看报纸广告的时候，得知可以通过上夜校实现自己的夙愿。最终选择和身患疾病的小女儿---无法在正常的教室里上学，一起报名参加了夜校的学习。续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：再次去学校的感觉很刺激，但这不是游戏。所以接下来的描写中要写自己在学校的生活是如何的刺激。第二段开头是：琳达和我互相帮助渡过难关。本段应该写到自己和女儿是通过什么方式来互帮互助通过难关，最终实现自己的夙愿。【点睛】本篇续写言简意赅，行文连贯,要点齐全,言简意赅,目的明确, 充分完成了写作任务。还使用一些连词, 让文章条理清楚。使用了一些复杂句和复合句,使文章更加生动而流畅,这些都体现了较强的驾驭语言的能力。具体如下: Sitting in a classroom full of kids was awkward, even if most of them were respectful and encouraging.运用了动名词做主语；During the day, I was still a busy married woman having loads of housework to do.运用了现在分词做定语；When I was down, Linda encouraged me.运用了时间状语从句；I have to say it was a time which was really hard on both of us.运用了定语从句；