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高中英语-必修第三册-译林牛津版-UNIT 4 Section B（课件PPT）
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这是一份高中英语-必修第三册-译林牛津版-UNIT 4 Section B（课件PPT），共41页。
UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the worldSection B Grammar and usage核心词汇教材原句p.48 He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。1 surround vt. 包围；围绕 surround... with... 用……包围…… be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/ 环绕 surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍They have surrounded the building with the police. 他们派警察包围了那栋房子。The small island with beautiful scenery is surrounded by/with the sea. 这个风景秀丽的小岛四面环海。David likes to surround himself with young people. 戴维喜欢和年轻人在一起。【词语积累】surrounding adj. 附近的：the surrounding area 周围地区surroundings n. 环境（复数）：work in pleasant surroundings 在愉快的环境中工作 题组练·领悟方法单句语法填空（1）They live in a beautiful village，with many trees and flowers （surround）it. （2） （surround）by thick bamboo， the ancient city hadn’t been discovered until the 1960s. （3）They all went out to look for the lost child in the （surround）villages. （4）［词汇复现］Some insects take on the colour of their （surround）to protect themselves. surroundingSurroundedsurroundingsurroundings教材原句p.48 The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. 结果表明，霉菌产生的某种物质杀死了细菌。2 indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示 indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某事 indicate that... 表明/ 标示…… indicate + wh- 从句 表明 / 指出 / 标示…… He has indicated his willingness to team up with us. 他已经表明了与我们合作的意愿。The research indicates that nothing could substitute for breast milk. 研究表明，没有东西能够代替母乳。He indicated where the luggage was to go.他指出行李摆放在哪里。单句语法填空（1）The black clouds are gathering，which （indicate）that it is going to rain soon. （2）［词汇复现］There is a great deal of evidence （indicate）that music activities involve different parts of the brain. 完成句子（3）A red sky at night often （预兆天气晴朗）the next day. indicatesindicatingindicates fine weather教材原句p.48 One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident，but actually this is far from the truth.有人 可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然，然而实际上， 这远非事实。3 accident n. 事故；偶然的事，意外的事 by accident/by chance 偶然，意外地（反：by design=on purpose 故意地） quite/completely by accident 完全是偶然 whether by accident or design 不知是偶然还是有意安排 a traffic accident 交通事故 cut down on accident 减少意外事故He was killed in a car accident. 他死于车祸。Ken had an accident at work and had to go to hospital. 肯在工作中出了事故，不得不去医院。The discovery was a happy accident. 这个发现是个机缘巧合。【词语积累】accidental adj. 意外的，偶然的 accidentally adv. 意外地；偶然地=by mistake 完成句子（1）［词汇复现］It should not cause （致命的交通事故）. （2）We shall never know whether this happened （是偶然还是有意安排）. （3）［词汇复现］The new traffic regulations will （减少意外的次数）. 单句语法填空（4）Helen got into acting purely accident. （5）The damage couldn’t have been caused （accident）. （6）I didn’t think our meeting was （accident）—he must have known I would be there. deadly traffic accidentsby accident or design cut down on the number of accidentsbyaccidentallyaccidental教材原句p.48 He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential... 他很聪明，经验丰富，足以注意到它的潜力…… 4 intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的；有智力的intelligent software/systems 智能软件/系统［词汇复现］ a highly intelligent student 非常聪明的学生 an intelligent question 机智的问题 Are there intelligent beings on other planets? 在其他行星上是否存在着有智力的生物？ 【词语积累】intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧a person of high / low intelligence 智力高 / 低的人 单句语法填空（1）She’s even （intelligent）than her sister. （2）He believes that all children are born with equal （intelligent）. 完成句子（3）The boy is （如此聪明以至于）he can solve the mathematical problem. （4）The successful people are not necessarily （非常聪明的人）， but diligent people. more intelligentintelligenceso intelligent thatthe highly intelligent people教材原句p.48 Fortune favours the prepared mind. 幸运眷顾有准备的人。5 favour vt. & n. （1）vt. 喜爱；偏袒；有利于Personally，I favour travelling by bike with a companion. 就我个人而言，我喜欢跟同伴骑自行车旅行。Chances always favour those who make adequate preparations. 机会往往垂青那些有充分准备的人。（2）n. ［C］ 帮忙，恩惠；［U］ 赞同，支持；喜爱 do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙 ask sb. a favour= ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙 in favour of 支持，赞同 in one’s favour 对某人有利 be in favour（with sb.）受（某人的）欢迎Could you do me a favour and take this pile of books to the classroom? 你能帮个忙，把这摞书搬到教室去吗？I’m in favour of abolishing the system.我赞成废除这项制度。The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment. 目前汇率对我们有利。This outgoing architect is in favour with his colleagues. 这位外向的建筑师很受同事们的欢迎。【词语积累】favourable adj. 赞成的，有利的，讨人喜欢的完成句子 （1）My sister was against my suggestion while my brother （赞成） it. （2）Could you （帮我个忙） and pick up Sam from school today? （3）It seems that Tim is （受……的喜欢） the boss. （4）Duncan had his height and weight （对他有利）during the fight. （5）Mr. Smith （偏袒他的养子）out of sympathy. 单句语法填空（6）These are the running shoes （favour）by marathon runners. （7）Farmers will have a good harvest，provided that the weather is （favour）. was in favour of do me a favour in favour with in his favour favours his adopted sonfavouredfavourable 教材原句p.49 When a thunderstorm approached，the lightning would charge the key. 当雷雨来临，闪电就会给钥匙充电。6 charge v. & n. （1）v. 给……充电；收费，要价；指控，控告；指责，谴责 charge（sb.）some money for sth. 因某事而（向某人）收……费 charge sb. with（doing）sth. 指控 / 指责某人（做）某事How much/What do you charge for the repairs? 你收多少修理费？ The restaurant charged（me）$20 for dinner. 这家餐馆收了（我）20 美元的餐费。He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。（2）n.［U］主管，掌管；［C，U］费用，收费；［C］指控，控告 take charge of 负责，掌管（短语动词） in charge of 负责，掌管（短语介词） in the charge of=in one’s charge 由某人负责/ 掌管 free of charge 免费The company was badly organized until she took charge of it. 这家公司一直管理很差，直到她掌管。My uncle is in charge of a local hospital. =A local hospital is in the charge of my uncle. 我叔叔掌管一家当地医院。There is a charge for using the swimming pool. 使用游泳池要收费。You can play football in the stadium free of charge. 你们可以在体育场内免费踢足球。He is facing a charge of armed robbery. 他面临持械抢劫的指控。写出句中charge 的词性和含义（1）The charge for transport will be increased because the price of petrol is going up. （2）I wonder how much you charge for your services. （3）The police charged the young man with car theft. 用 charge 短语完成句子（4）The man who had ____________________（掌管） the company ____________________ （被指控）bribe-taking，because he accepted a large amount of money from a department manager ____________________（负责） the manufacturing. （5）Class Five is ____________________（由……负责）Miss Li；that is to say，Miss Li is ____________________（负责）Class Five. （6）The watch is worth 20 dollars. You can get it （免费）if you are willing to lend us a hand. n. 费用v. 收费v. 控告taken charge ofwas charged within charge ofin the charge ofin charge offree of charge重点句式 教材原句p.49 He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go through his body. 他确保丝带保持干燥，这样电流就不会通过他的身体。1 so that 引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句（1）意为“为了，以便”，引导目的状语从句，相当于 in order that，从句中常有 can/could，may/might，will/would 等情态动词。He encouraged his son to make friends with those around him so that he could adapt to the new surroundings easily. 他鼓励儿子跟周围的人交朋友，这样他就能很容易适应新环境了。（2）意为“结果，因此”，引导结果状语从句，此时从句中通常没有情态动词。Stephen was excellent in many ways so that he got the job. 史蒂芬在很多方面都很优秀，因此他得到了这份工作。【比较】He resigned his post so that/in order that he could enjoy his old age. =He resigned his post so as to/in order to enjoy his old age. 他辞去了工作，以便安享晚年。In order that he could enjoy his old age，he resigned his post. =In order to enjoy his old age，he resigned his post. 为了安享晚年，他辞去了工作。 单句语法填空（1）He put on his glasses in order he could see it clearly. （2）In order （make） a change，you need to decide why it’s important. 完成句子（3）I had offered to watch my 3-year-old daughter，Ramanda， （以便）my wife could go out with a friend. （4）为了得到国内外的信息，我们每天看《新闻联播》。We watch News Broadcast every day information at home and abroad. = We watch News Broadcast every day we can get information at home and abroad. = information at home and abroad，we watch News Broadcast every day. thatto makeso thatin order to get/so as to get/to getin order that/so thatIn order to get/To get教材原句p.49 Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. 然后他把一把金属钥匙系在带子和风筝线的连接处。2 where 引导地点状语从句（1）从属连词where 表示“在（到）……的地方”。 How come? I can’t find my key. I just left it where it had been. 怎么可能？我找不到钥匙了。我刚把它放在原来的地方。Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. 曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。（2）where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。【误区警示】where 引导的地点状语从句要区别于where 引导的定语从句，定语从句前面有先行词。Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.（where 引导定语从句） 他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。 单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］ there is supply and demand，there is commerce. （2）Everything was placed exactly he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. 判断从句类型并填空（3）He told us that he used to live there were many mountains with trees and animals on them. （4）He told us that he used to live in the place there were many mountains with trees and animals on them. 完成句子（5）［词汇复现］You’d better make a mark （你埋箱子的地方）； otherwise，you may lose it. Wherewherewherewherewhere you bury the box 教材原句p.49 ...arguing that if he had really done it，he would have received a deadly electric shock. ……争辩说， 如果他真的这么做了，他会受到致命的电击。3 虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法在 if 引导的非真实条件句中，谓语动词有以下三种形式： If the weather had been nice yesterday，we would have gone for a picnic. 如果昨天天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。（与过去事实相反） If I had time，I would go to the exhibition of sculptures with you. 如果有时间的话，我会和你一起去参观雕塑展。（与现在事实相反） If I were to solve the problem，I would adopt a different approach. 要是我来解决这个问题，我会用一种不同的方法。（与将来事实相反） If they should come tomorrow，they could meet the artist in the flesh. 他们如果明天能来的话，就能见到那个画家本人。（与将来事实相反） 【误区警示】虚拟条件句中谓语动词为be 动词时，不管主语是单数还是复数，一般都用 were。 单句语法填空（1）We （be）back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. （2）Sorry，I am too busy now. If I （have）time，I would certainly go for an outing with you. （3）If you （come） earlier，you could have seen the librarian in the flesh. （4）If the weather （be） fine now， we would have a picnic. 完成句子（5）If （没有水），what would happen? （6）If she hadn’t taken exercise regularly，she （无法保持健康）. （7）Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____________________ __________________（住在那里），she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. would behadhad comewerethere were no watercouldn’t have kept fit lived/were to live/should live there教材原句p.49 Whatever the truth，Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity. 无论真相如何，富兰克林的确对电的研究做出了贡献。【句式分析】whatever the truth是让步状语从句，而且是省略形式， 补充完整为whatever the truth is。whatever 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，相当于no matter what。4 “疑问词 + -ever”引导让步状语从句She runs on average about 15 miles every day，whatever the circumstances，whatever the weather. 她坚持每天平均跑15 英里左右，不论什么情况，不论什么天气。 【归纳拓展】（1）“疑问词 + -ever”类词有whatever，whichever，whoever， whomever，wherever，whenever，however，它们可引导让步状语从句，通常可以转换为“no matter + 疑问词”。Whatever（=No matter what）happened，we must keep calm. 无论发生什么，我们都必须保持镇定。Wherever（=No matter where）I go，I always meet interesting people. 无论我去哪里，总会遇见有趣的人。（2）whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever 还可引导名词性从句， 此时不能转换为“no matter + 疑问词”。You can take whichever book you like. 你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书。I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。 单句语法填空（1） fairy tale you prefer，I will tell you about it. （2）［2018·天津卷］The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race. 完成句子（3）We shall love you （不管发生什么事），Diana. （4） （不管你怎么努力尝试），it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. （5） （无论她去哪里）， there are crowds of people waiting to see her. （6）We promise （无论谁参加晚会）a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. （7）Your support is important to our work. （无论你能做什么）helps. Whicheverwhoeverwhatever happens/no matter what happensHowever hard you try/No matter how hard you tryWherever/No matter where she goeswhoever attends the partyWhatever you can do 单元语法 动词-ed 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语1 动词-ed 形式作定语过去分词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独用作谓语。（1）过去分词作定语的位置① 单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词之前。The ground was covered with fallen leaves.地上满是落叶。People shouldn’t be exposed to polluted water. 人们不应该接触被污染了的水。② 过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。I was instructed to carry out a plan supported by most people. =I was instructed to carry out a plan which was supported by most people. 我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。【学法点拨】① 有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在被修饰词之后。There is little time left. Let’s hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了，我们抓紧吧。② 过去分词修饰代词时，应放在被修饰词之后。He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。③ 有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。试比较： in the given time 在既定的时间内 with the words given 用所给的单词a concerned look 关切的神情 the people concerned 有关人士This is a used car. 这是一辆二手汽车。The method used is very efficient.所用的这个方法很有效。（2）过去分词作定语的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动；及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成。a retired teacher 退休教师 fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳 an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人deeply moved people 深受感动的人们 the broken glass 碎了的杯子 the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 【学法点拨】现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别① 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词多表示被动意义。The woman standing beside him is his secretary. 站在他旁边的那个女人是他的秘书。（the woman 与stand 之间是主动关系） She showed me the book recommended by the professor. 她把教授推荐的书给我看了看。（the book 与 recommend 之间是被动关系） ② 现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the changing world 正在发生变化的世界 the changed world 已经变化了的世界单句语法填空（1） （worry）about their children’s safety，the （concern）parents together with the teachers went into the mountains in search of the （lose） students. （2）The （confuse） expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the （confuse） problem. （3）You can’t accept an opinion （offer） to you unless it is based on facts. （4）In some languages，100 words make up half of our words （use） in daily conversations. （5）［2020·全国Ⅰ卷］As a result，she says，some of the injuries （associate） with running，such as runner’s knee，are uncommon among race walkers. （6）The workers （injure） in the accident are being taken good care of in the hospital. （7）［2020·全国Ⅰ卷］Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity __________（consume） in the US. Worriedconcernedlostconfusedconfusingofferedusedassociatedinjuredconsumed完成句子（8）The student （穿白色衣服）is my daughter. （9）The Olympic Games （明年举行的）will be a great success. （10）The first textbook （为英语教学而编写）as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. （11）［词汇复现］ Prices of daily goods （网上购买）can be lower than store prices. dressed in whiteto be held next yearwritten for teaching Englishbought online2 动词-ed 形式作状语过去分词（短语）作状语，表示动作发生的背景或情况，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词（短语）在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。（1）表示时间 过去分词（短语）作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。Asked about his impression of the apartment，he made no answer. =When he was asked about his impression of the apartment，he made no answer. 当被问到他对公寓的印象时，他没有回答。（2）表示原因 过去分词（短语）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Seriously injured，he had to be taken to the hospital. =Because he was seriously injured，he had to be taken to the hospital. 由于他伤得很严重，只能把他送到医院。［词汇复现］ Deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry. =Because they were deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry. 由于被这个故事深深地感动了，孩子们开始哭了起来。（3）表示条件 过去分词（短语）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。United，we stand；divided，we fall. =If we are united，we stand；if we are divided，we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。（4）表示让步 过去分词（短语）作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。Rejected many times，he didn’t lose heart. =Though he was rejected many times，he didn’t lose heart. 虽然被拒绝了多次，他并没有失去信心。（5）表示方式或伴随 过去分词（短语）作方式或伴随状语，可以转换成一个并列句。The boy slid out of his room，followed by his pet dog. =The boy slid out of his room and was followed by his pet dog. 那个男孩溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物狗。 【误区警示】（1）过去分词（短语）作状语，前面可以带有相应的连词（词组），如 when，until，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless 等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。When （they are）exposed to light，potatoes will turn green. 马铃薯在光的照射下会变绿。 （2）句子主语跟过去分词（短语）之间存在被动关系，跟现在分词（短语）之间存在主动关系。试比较： Caught in a heavy rain，he was late for the interview. 由于碰上了一场大雨，所以他面试迟到了。Looking out of the window，I saw some students sweeping up the bits of paper. 朝窗外望去，我看见一些学生正在清扫纸屑。（3）过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。如果主语不一致，要在分词前加上逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。If caught，the police will punish the thief. （×） If caught，the thief will be punished by the police. （√） 小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩罚。The boy rushed into the classroom，his face covered with sweat. 那个男孩跑进教室，脸上全是汗。（his face 是动词cover 的逻辑主语） 单句语法填空（1） （guide）by an artist，the girl made great progress. （2） （press）from his parents，and （realize） that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing computer games. （3）If （heat），water will turn into vapour. （4） （absorb）in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching. （5）［2020·全国Ⅱ卷］ （surround） by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. （6）［2018·北京卷］Ordinary soap， （use） correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively. （7）［2016·北京卷］ （order） over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now. （8） （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. GuidedPressedrealizingheatedAbsorbedSurroundedusedOrderedRaised完成句子（9） （尽管被打败了很多次），the man didn’t lose heart. （10） （下决心买到音乐会的票），he didn’t mind standing in a long queue. （11）Children， （当被他们的父母陪伴时），are allowed to enter the stadium. （12）The teacher went into the lab， （后面跟着他的学生）. Though defeated many times Determined to get a ticket of the concertwhen accompanied by their parentsfollowed by his students3 动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两类：一类是感官动词，另一类是使役动词。过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种： （1）用在表示某种状态的动词 keep，leave 等的后面 They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。（2）“have/get + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构可表示两种含义：① 使某事被做（让别人做或主语自己做） ② 遭遇某种不幸 I have had my bike repaired. 我让人修了我的自行车。Mary had her watch stolen the other day. 玛丽的手表在前几天被人偷了。 （3）在“make + 宾语+ 过去分词”结构中，过去分词表示结果 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。（4）用在感官动词 watch，see， hear，notice，feel 等的后面作宾语补足语；此外，find 也有此用法 When we got to school，we saw the gate locked. 当我们到学校时，我们看见大门锁着。We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. 我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。（5）用在 want，wish，like，expect， order 等表示“希望，愿望， 命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语 I want the car fixed today. 我想要这辆汽车今天就修好。Everyone wishes the matter settled as soon as possible. 人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。 （6）在“with + 宾语+ 过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系 The thief was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在背后。With the difficult problem handled，the boss smiled with satisfaction. 解决了这个难题，老板满意地笑了。单句语法填空（1） （see）from the moon，our earth，with water （cover）about seventy percent of its surface，appears like a blue ball. （2）The meeting room was found thoroughly （clean）and everything arranged in good order. （3）I would like this matter （settle） at once. （4）He got his tooth （pull）out yesterday. （5）The manager was satisfied to see many new products （develop）after great effort. （6）When we saw the road （block） with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. Seencoveringcleanedsettledpulleddevelopedblocked完成句子（7）The manager didn’t （想让这样的问题被讨论）at the meeting. （8）The speaker raised her voice but still couldn’t （使她自己被听到）. （9）I （希望作业完成）before five o’clock. （10）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to ___________________________ ____________________（提醒自己他的梦想）. want such questions discussedmake herself heardwish my homework finished keep himself remindedof his own dreams
UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the worldSection B Grammar and usage核心词汇教材原句p.48 He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。1 surround vt. 包围；围绕 surround... with... 用……包围…… be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/ 环绕 surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍They have surrounded the building with the police. 他们派警察包围了那栋房子。The small island with beautiful scenery is surrounded by/with the sea. 这个风景秀丽的小岛四面环海。David likes to surround himself with young people. 戴维喜欢和年轻人在一起。【词语积累】surrounding adj. 附近的：the surrounding area 周围地区surroundings n. 环境（复数）：work in pleasant surroundings 在愉快的环境中工作 题组练·领悟方法单句语法填空（1）They live in a beautiful village，with many trees and flowers （surround）it. （2） （surround）by thick bamboo， the ancient city hadn’t been discovered until the 1960s. （3）They all went out to look for the lost child in the （surround）villages. （4）［词汇复现］Some insects take on the colour of their （surround）to protect themselves. surroundingSurroundedsurroundingsurroundings教材原句p.48 The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. 结果表明，霉菌产生的某种物质杀死了细菌。2 indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示 indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某事 indicate that... 表明/ 标示…… indicate + wh- 从句 表明 / 指出 / 标示…… He has indicated his willingness to team up with us. 他已经表明了与我们合作的意愿。The research indicates that nothing could substitute for breast milk. 研究表明，没有东西能够代替母乳。He indicated where the luggage was to go.他指出行李摆放在哪里。单句语法填空（1）The black clouds are gathering，which （indicate）that it is going to rain soon. （2）［词汇复现］There is a great deal of evidence （indicate）that music activities involve different parts of the brain. 完成句子（3）A red sky at night often （预兆天气晴朗）the next day. indicatesindicatingindicates fine weather教材原句p.48 One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident，but actually this is far from the truth.有人 可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然，然而实际上， 这远非事实。3 accident n. 事故；偶然的事，意外的事 by accident/by chance 偶然，意外地（反：by design=on purpose 故意地） quite/completely by accident 完全是偶然 whether by accident or design 不知是偶然还是有意安排 a traffic accident 交通事故 cut down on accident 减少意外事故He was killed in a car accident. 他死于车祸。Ken had an accident at work and had to go to hospital. 肯在工作中出了事故，不得不去医院。The discovery was a happy accident. 这个发现是个机缘巧合。【词语积累】accidental adj. 意外的，偶然的 accidentally adv. 意外地；偶然地=by mistake 完成句子（1）［词汇复现］It should not cause （致命的交通事故）. （2）We shall never know whether this happened （是偶然还是有意安排）. （3）［词汇复现］The new traffic regulations will （减少意外的次数）. 单句语法填空（4）Helen got into acting purely accident. （5）The damage couldn’t have been caused （accident）. （6）I didn’t think our meeting was （accident）—he must have known I would be there. deadly traffic accidentsby accident or design cut down on the number of accidentsbyaccidentallyaccidental教材原句p.48 He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential... 他很聪明，经验丰富，足以注意到它的潜力…… 4 intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的；有智力的intelligent software/systems 智能软件/系统［词汇复现］ a highly intelligent student 非常聪明的学生 an intelligent question 机智的问题 Are there intelligent beings on other planets? 在其他行星上是否存在着有智力的生物？ 【词语积累】intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧a person of high / low intelligence 智力高 / 低的人 单句语法填空（1）She’s even （intelligent）than her sister. （2）He believes that all children are born with equal （intelligent）. 完成句子（3）The boy is （如此聪明以至于）he can solve the mathematical problem. （4）The successful people are not necessarily （非常聪明的人）， but diligent people. more intelligentintelligenceso intelligent thatthe highly intelligent people教材原句p.48 Fortune favours the prepared mind. 幸运眷顾有准备的人。5 favour vt. & n. （1）vt. 喜爱；偏袒；有利于Personally，I favour travelling by bike with a companion. 就我个人而言，我喜欢跟同伴骑自行车旅行。Chances always favour those who make adequate preparations. 机会往往垂青那些有充分准备的人。（2）n. ［C］ 帮忙，恩惠；［U］ 赞同，支持；喜爱 do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙 ask sb. a favour= ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙 in favour of 支持，赞同 in one’s favour 对某人有利 be in favour（with sb.）受（某人的）欢迎Could you do me a favour and take this pile of books to the classroom? 你能帮个忙，把这摞书搬到教室去吗？I’m in favour of abolishing the system.我赞成废除这项制度。The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment. 目前汇率对我们有利。This outgoing architect is in favour with his colleagues. 这位外向的建筑师很受同事们的欢迎。【词语积累】favourable adj. 赞成的，有利的，讨人喜欢的完成句子 （1）My sister was against my suggestion while my brother （赞成） it. （2）Could you （帮我个忙） and pick up Sam from school today? （3）It seems that Tim is （受……的喜欢） the boss. （4）Duncan had his height and weight （对他有利）during the fight. （5）Mr. Smith （偏袒他的养子）out of sympathy. 单句语法填空（6）These are the running shoes （favour）by marathon runners. （7）Farmers will have a good harvest，provided that the weather is （favour）. was in favour of do me a favour in favour with in his favour favours his adopted sonfavouredfavourable 教材原句p.49 When a thunderstorm approached，the lightning would charge the key. 当雷雨来临，闪电就会给钥匙充电。6 charge v. & n. （1）v. 给……充电；收费，要价；指控，控告；指责，谴责 charge（sb.）some money for sth. 因某事而（向某人）收……费 charge sb. with（doing）sth. 指控 / 指责某人（做）某事How much/What do you charge for the repairs? 你收多少修理费？ The restaurant charged（me）$20 for dinner. 这家餐馆收了（我）20 美元的餐费。He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。（2）n.［U］主管，掌管；［C，U］费用，收费；［C］指控，控告 take charge of 负责，掌管（短语动词） in charge of 负责，掌管（短语介词） in the charge of=in one’s charge 由某人负责/ 掌管 free of charge 免费The company was badly organized until she took charge of it. 这家公司一直管理很差，直到她掌管。My uncle is in charge of a local hospital. =A local hospital is in the charge of my uncle. 我叔叔掌管一家当地医院。There is a charge for using the swimming pool. 使用游泳池要收费。You can play football in the stadium free of charge. 你们可以在体育场内免费踢足球。He is facing a charge of armed robbery. 他面临持械抢劫的指控。写出句中charge 的词性和含义（1）The charge for transport will be increased because the price of petrol is going up. （2）I wonder how much you charge for your services. （3）The police charged the young man with car theft. 用 charge 短语完成句子（4）The man who had ____________________（掌管） the company ____________________ （被指控）bribe-taking，because he accepted a large amount of money from a department manager ____________________（负责） the manufacturing. （5）Class Five is ____________________（由……负责）Miss Li；that is to say，Miss Li is ____________________（负责）Class Five. （6）The watch is worth 20 dollars. You can get it （免费）if you are willing to lend us a hand. n. 费用v. 收费v. 控告taken charge ofwas charged within charge ofin the charge ofin charge offree of charge重点句式 教材原句p.49 He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go through his body. 他确保丝带保持干燥，这样电流就不会通过他的身体。1 so that 引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句（1）意为“为了，以便”，引导目的状语从句，相当于 in order that，从句中常有 can/could，may/might，will/would 等情态动词。He encouraged his son to make friends with those around him so that he could adapt to the new surroundings easily. 他鼓励儿子跟周围的人交朋友，这样他就能很容易适应新环境了。（2）意为“结果，因此”，引导结果状语从句，此时从句中通常没有情态动词。Stephen was excellent in many ways so that he got the job. 史蒂芬在很多方面都很优秀，因此他得到了这份工作。【比较】He resigned his post so that/in order that he could enjoy his old age. =He resigned his post so as to/in order to enjoy his old age. 他辞去了工作，以便安享晚年。In order that he could enjoy his old age，he resigned his post. =In order to enjoy his old age，he resigned his post. 为了安享晚年，他辞去了工作。 单句语法填空（1）He put on his glasses in order he could see it clearly. （2）In order （make） a change，you need to decide why it’s important. 完成句子（3）I had offered to watch my 3-year-old daughter，Ramanda， （以便）my wife could go out with a friend. （4）为了得到国内外的信息，我们每天看《新闻联播》。We watch News Broadcast every day information at home and abroad. = We watch News Broadcast every day we can get information at home and abroad. = information at home and abroad，we watch News Broadcast every day. thatto makeso thatin order to get/so as to get/to getin order that/so thatIn order to get/To get教材原句p.49 Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. 然后他把一把金属钥匙系在带子和风筝线的连接处。2 where 引导地点状语从句（1）从属连词where 表示“在（到）……的地方”。 How come? I can’t find my key. I just left it where it had been. 怎么可能？我找不到钥匙了。我刚把它放在原来的地方。Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. 曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。（2）where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。【误区警示】where 引导的地点状语从句要区别于where 引导的定语从句，定语从句前面有先行词。Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.（where 引导定语从句） 他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。 单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］ there is supply and demand，there is commerce. （2）Everything was placed exactly he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. 判断从句类型并填空（3）He told us that he used to live there were many mountains with trees and animals on them. （4）He told us that he used to live in the place there were many mountains with trees and animals on them. 完成句子（5）［词汇复现］You’d better make a mark （你埋箱子的地方）； otherwise，you may lose it. Wherewherewherewherewhere you bury the box 教材原句p.49 ...arguing that if he had really done it，he would have received a deadly electric shock. ……争辩说， 如果他真的这么做了，他会受到致命的电击。3 虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法在 if 引导的非真实条件句中，谓语动词有以下三种形式： If the weather had been nice yesterday，we would have gone for a picnic. 如果昨天天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。（与过去事实相反） If I had time，I would go to the exhibition of sculptures with you. 如果有时间的话，我会和你一起去参观雕塑展。（与现在事实相反） If I were to solve the problem，I would adopt a different approach. 要是我来解决这个问题，我会用一种不同的方法。（与将来事实相反） If they should come tomorrow，they could meet the artist in the flesh. 他们如果明天能来的话，就能见到那个画家本人。（与将来事实相反） 【误区警示】虚拟条件句中谓语动词为be 动词时，不管主语是单数还是复数，一般都用 were。 单句语法填空（1）We （be）back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. （2）Sorry，I am too busy now. If I （have）time，I would certainly go for an outing with you. （3）If you （come） earlier，you could have seen the librarian in the flesh. （4）If the weather （be） fine now， we would have a picnic. 完成句子（5）If （没有水），what would happen? （6）If she hadn’t taken exercise regularly，she （无法保持健康）. （7）Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____________________ __________________（住在那里），she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. would behadhad comewerethere were no watercouldn’t have kept fit lived/were to live/should live there教材原句p.49 Whatever the truth，Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity. 无论真相如何，富兰克林的确对电的研究做出了贡献。【句式分析】whatever the truth是让步状语从句，而且是省略形式， 补充完整为whatever the truth is。whatever 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，相当于no matter what。4 “疑问词 + -ever”引导让步状语从句She runs on average about 15 miles every day，whatever the circumstances，whatever the weather. 她坚持每天平均跑15 英里左右，不论什么情况，不论什么天气。 【归纳拓展】（1）“疑问词 + -ever”类词有whatever，whichever，whoever， whomever，wherever，whenever，however，它们可引导让步状语从句，通常可以转换为“no matter + 疑问词”。Whatever（=No matter what）happened，we must keep calm. 无论发生什么，我们都必须保持镇定。Wherever（=No matter where）I go，I always meet interesting people. 无论我去哪里，总会遇见有趣的人。（2）whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever 还可引导名词性从句， 此时不能转换为“no matter + 疑问词”。You can take whichever book you like. 你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书。I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。 单句语法填空（1） fairy tale you prefer，I will tell you about it. （2）［2018·天津卷］The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race. 完成句子（3）We shall love you （不管发生什么事），Diana. （4） （不管你怎么努力尝试），it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. （5） （无论她去哪里）， there are crowds of people waiting to see her. （6）We promise （无论谁参加晚会）a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. （7）Your support is important to our work. （无论你能做什么）helps. Whicheverwhoeverwhatever happens/no matter what happensHowever hard you try/No matter how hard you tryWherever/No matter where she goeswhoever attends the partyWhatever you can do 单元语法 动词-ed 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语1 动词-ed 形式作定语过去分词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独用作谓语。（1）过去分词作定语的位置① 单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词之前。The ground was covered with fallen leaves.地上满是落叶。People shouldn’t be exposed to polluted water. 人们不应该接触被污染了的水。② 过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。I was instructed to carry out a plan supported by most people. =I was instructed to carry out a plan which was supported by most people. 我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。【学法点拨】① 有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在被修饰词之后。There is little time left. Let’s hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了，我们抓紧吧。② 过去分词修饰代词时，应放在被修饰词之后。He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。③ 有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。试比较： in the given time 在既定的时间内 with the words given 用所给的单词a concerned look 关切的神情 the people concerned 有关人士This is a used car. 这是一辆二手汽车。The method used is very efficient.所用的这个方法很有效。（2）过去分词作定语的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动；及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成。a retired teacher 退休教师 fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳 an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人deeply moved people 深受感动的人们 the broken glass 碎了的杯子 the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 【学法点拨】现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别① 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词多表示被动意义。The woman standing beside him is his secretary. 站在他旁边的那个女人是他的秘书。（the woman 与stand 之间是主动关系） She showed me the book recommended by the professor. 她把教授推荐的书给我看了看。（the book 与 recommend 之间是被动关系） ② 现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the changing world 正在发生变化的世界 the changed world 已经变化了的世界单句语法填空（1） （worry）about their children’s safety，the （concern）parents together with the teachers went into the mountains in search of the （lose） students. （2）The （confuse） expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the （confuse） problem. （3）You can’t accept an opinion （offer） to you unless it is based on facts. （4）In some languages，100 words make up half of our words （use） in daily conversations. （5）［2020·全国Ⅰ卷］As a result，she says，some of the injuries （associate） with running，such as runner’s knee，are uncommon among race walkers. （6）The workers （injure） in the accident are being taken good care of in the hospital. （7）［2020·全国Ⅰ卷］Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity __________（consume） in the US. Worriedconcernedlostconfusedconfusingofferedusedassociatedinjuredconsumed完成句子（8）The student （穿白色衣服）is my daughter. （9）The Olympic Games （明年举行的）will be a great success. （10）The first textbook （为英语教学而编写）as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. （11）［词汇复现］ Prices of daily goods （网上购买）can be lower than store prices. dressed in whiteto be held next yearwritten for teaching Englishbought online2 动词-ed 形式作状语过去分词（短语）作状语，表示动作发生的背景或情况，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词（短语）在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。（1）表示时间 过去分词（短语）作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。Asked about his impression of the apartment，he made no answer. =When he was asked about his impression of the apartment，he made no answer. 当被问到他对公寓的印象时，他没有回答。（2）表示原因 过去分词（短语）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Seriously injured，he had to be taken to the hospital. =Because he was seriously injured，he had to be taken to the hospital. 由于他伤得很严重，只能把他送到医院。［词汇复现］ Deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry. =Because they were deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry. 由于被这个故事深深地感动了，孩子们开始哭了起来。（3）表示条件 过去分词（短语）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。United，we stand；divided，we fall. =If we are united，we stand；if we are divided，we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。（4）表示让步 过去分词（短语）作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。Rejected many times，he didn’t lose heart. =Though he was rejected many times，he didn’t lose heart. 虽然被拒绝了多次，他并没有失去信心。（5）表示方式或伴随 过去分词（短语）作方式或伴随状语，可以转换成一个并列句。The boy slid out of his room，followed by his pet dog. =The boy slid out of his room and was followed by his pet dog. 那个男孩溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物狗。 【误区警示】（1）过去分词（短语）作状语，前面可以带有相应的连词（词组），如 when，until，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless 等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。When （they are）exposed to light，potatoes will turn green. 马铃薯在光的照射下会变绿。 （2）句子主语跟过去分词（短语）之间存在被动关系，跟现在分词（短语）之间存在主动关系。试比较： Caught in a heavy rain，he was late for the interview. 由于碰上了一场大雨，所以他面试迟到了。Looking out of the window，I saw some students sweeping up the bits of paper. 朝窗外望去，我看见一些学生正在清扫纸屑。（3）过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。如果主语不一致，要在分词前加上逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。If caught，the police will punish the thief. （×） If caught，the thief will be punished by the police. （√） 小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩罚。The boy rushed into the classroom，his face covered with sweat. 那个男孩跑进教室，脸上全是汗。（his face 是动词cover 的逻辑主语） 单句语法填空（1） （guide）by an artist，the girl made great progress. （2） （press）from his parents，and （realize） that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing computer games. （3）If （heat），water will turn into vapour. （4） （absorb）in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching. （5）［2020·全国Ⅱ卷］ （surround） by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. （6）［2018·北京卷］Ordinary soap， （use） correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively. （7）［2016·北京卷］ （order） over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now. （8） （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. GuidedPressedrealizingheatedAbsorbedSurroundedusedOrderedRaised完成句子（9） （尽管被打败了很多次），the man didn’t lose heart. （10） （下决心买到音乐会的票），he didn’t mind standing in a long queue. （11）Children， （当被他们的父母陪伴时），are allowed to enter the stadium. （12）The teacher went into the lab， （后面跟着他的学生）. Though defeated many times Determined to get a ticket of the concertwhen accompanied by their parentsfollowed by his students3 动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两类：一类是感官动词，另一类是使役动词。过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种： （1）用在表示某种状态的动词 keep，leave 等的后面 They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。（2）“have/get + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构可表示两种含义：① 使某事被做（让别人做或主语自己做） ② 遭遇某种不幸 I have had my bike repaired. 我让人修了我的自行车。Mary had her watch stolen the other day. 玛丽的手表在前几天被人偷了。 （3）在“make + 宾语+ 过去分词”结构中，过去分词表示结果 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。（4）用在感官动词 watch，see， hear，notice，feel 等的后面作宾语补足语；此外，find 也有此用法 When we got to school，we saw the gate locked. 当我们到学校时，我们看见大门锁着。We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. 我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。（5）用在 want，wish，like，expect， order 等表示“希望，愿望， 命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语 I want the car fixed today. 我想要这辆汽车今天就修好。Everyone wishes the matter settled as soon as possible. 人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。 （6）在“with + 宾语+ 过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系 The thief was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在背后。With the difficult problem handled，the boss smiled with satisfaction. 解决了这个难题，老板满意地笑了。单句语法填空（1） （see）from the moon，our earth，with water （cover）about seventy percent of its surface，appears like a blue ball. （2）The meeting room was found thoroughly （clean）and everything arranged in good order. （3）I would like this matter （settle） at once. （4）He got his tooth （pull）out yesterday. （5）The manager was satisfied to see many new products （develop）after great effort. （6）When we saw the road （block） with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. Seencoveringcleanedsettledpulleddevelopedblocked完成句子（7）The manager didn’t （想让这样的问题被讨论）at the meeting. （8）The speaker raised her voice but still couldn’t （使她自己被听到）. （9）I （希望作业完成）before five o’clock. （10）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to ___________________________ ____________________（提醒自己他的梦想）. want such questions discussedmake herself heardwish my homework finished keep himself remindedof his own dreams
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