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备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4NaturalDisasters新人教版必修第一册
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这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4NaturalDisasters新人教版必修第一册，共7页。
Natural disasters， like drught，fld，typhns， and earthquakes， are becming mre frequent nwadays. All have bad effects n humans’ life， making us suffer frm terrible injuries and serius damage. The Tangshan earthquake in 1976 shcked the wrld then — abut 90 percent f the hmes in the city were destryed， and electricity was hard t get because pwer was cut ff. A large city lay inruins. Millins f peple were affected and had t face death. It seemed asif the wrld were cming t an end. Thankfully， 150，000 sldiers were sent t start rescue wrk. They dug ut thse wh were trapped，buried the dead and built shelters fr thse wh survived the disaster. The tireless effrtspaid ff. Slwly， the city began t breathe again.
In this fight， humans shwed great curage and wisdm. And what we learned frm the disaster is t keep firstaidkitnhand in case f emergency. When a disaster strikes a place， it’s usually difficult t deliver fd and supplies within a shrt time， but as lng as we stay calm， psitive and united， n disaster will defeat us.
1 affectvt.影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭；使感染
1.Unluckily， he was affected （affect） with a serius illness， which made his parents deeply cncerned.
2.We must take effective measures t prevent the area frm being affected （affect） by drught.
3.总的来说，英文报Yuth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。（短文投稿）
In summary， the English newspaper Yuth affects me greatly或has a great effect/impact/influence n/upn me . I’m ften deeply affected by cuntless mving stries in the newspaper.
2 shckn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊（amaze，surprise，astnish）
1.This is ne f the mst shcking （shck） weather events I’ve ever witnessed.
2.I was shcked t hear （hear） the news that an earthquake happened in Sichuan Prvince， killing mre than ne hundred peple.
3.Every staff member was in shck when hearing they wuld take a test n Sunday instead f having a picnic.
点拨
介词in和许多表示情绪的名词搭配使用时，可用来描写人物的心情，如in surprise/amazement（惊讶地），in fear/hrrr（惊恐地）等。
4.Peter wrked hard in the cmpany and wn praise frm his bss and clleagues， but his name was n the lay-ff（裁员） list. This gave him a shck/This made him shcked/This was shcking news fr him/This came as a shck t him . （情景续写）
3 buryvt.埋葬；安葬
1.[译林选必②－4]The time capsule， buried （bury）50 feet belw the grund in a park， was designed t be pened in the year 6939.
2.听到自己的家人被埋在废墟之下，他双手掩面，忍不住哭了出来。（读后续写之情绪描写）
Hearing that his family were buried in ruins ， he buried his face in his hands and culdn’t hld back his tears.
3.Fcusing n what he was ding， he didn’t even ntice it was getting dark utside.
→ Burying himself in /Buried in what he was ding ， he didn’t even ntice it was getting dark utside.（用bury改写画线部分）
4 effrtn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
1.[人教必修③－4]As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its effrts t grw （grw） enugh fd t feed Earth’s increasing ppulatin.
2.As a senir high schl student， yu must make effrts/make an effrt t imprve the necessary cmmunicatin skills （努力提高必要的沟通技巧）and develp critical and independent thinking. （建议信）
3.We’d better try ur best t prepare urselves fr tmrrw s that we can have a bright future.
→We’d better make every effrt/spare n effrt t prepare urselves fr tmrrw s that we can have a bright future.（用effrt升级画线部分）
4.学生应该专心学习。毕竟没有人能毫不费力地通过所有考试。（apply， effrt）
Students are suppsed t apply themselves t studying. After all，nbdy can pass all the exams withut effrt.
点拨
apply neself t （ding） sth. 勤奋工作；努力学习
5 suffervt.遭受，蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
1.It is shcking t see the patient suffering/suffer frm pverty and diseases and we all want t d smething t help this sufferer ut f his suffering（s） .（suffer）
2.Studies shw that if peple always sit befre cmputer screens fr lng hurs， they will have back prblems frm which they will suffer in the rest f their life.
点拨
本题中，back prblems后面是"介词＋which"引导的定语从句。suffer frm"遭受；患病"，是固定搭配，此处介词frm提前了。
3.虽然自然灾难可能会使我们遭受极大的痛苦，但我坚信只要我们守望相助，必能战胜灾难。（读后续写之主旨升华）
Althugh natural disasters may make us suffer great pains ， I firmly believe that we can vercme the disasters thrugh helping and supprting each ther.
6 supplyn.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
1.In the earthquake-stricken area，dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd supplies （supply）.
点拨
此处表示"运送食物"，supply在此表示"补给品"，通常要用复数形式。当supply表示"供应，供给"时，为不可数名词，如：electricity supply电力供应，water supply供水。
2.Many parents in China are always making every effrt t prvide their children with the best educatin.
→①Many parents in China are always making every effrt t supply their children with the best educatin/supply the best educatin t their children . （supply）
→②Many parents in China are always making every effrt t ffer their children the best educatin/ffer the best educatin t their children .（ffer）
7 survivevi.生存，存活，继续存在 vt.幸存；艰难度过
1.After the fld， peple were suffering in that area， wh urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter fr survival （survive）.
2.Mr. Green was the nly survivr （survive）in the earthquake.He tld us he survived n a bttle f water.
3.没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。（环境保护）
Withut the cean， n living things wuld survive， including humans.
8 pwern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
3.[人教选必①－4]Scientists have fund that when we feel prud and pwerful ， we usually straighten up t make urselves bigger. By cntrast， when we feel pwerless ， we tend t slump， making urselves smaller.（pwer）
4.如果你有任何问题，尽管来找我。我会竭尽全力帮助你。（建议信）
If yu have any prblems， just turn t me. I’ll d everything in my pwer t help yu .
5.发生在他朋友身上的事使他惊呆了，他一句话也说不出来。（读后续写之神态描写）
He was s shcked by what happened t his friends that he lst the pwer f speech .
9 asif/asthugh仿佛，好像，似乎
1.[译林选必①－3]When yu lk at the painting， it is as if yu were （be） abut t crss the bridge and enter anther wrld.
2.[外研选必②－3]Childhd memries came back t me s clearly， as if the events had happened （happen） nly yesterday.
3.I was dminated by an verwhelming sense f excitement and pride at his wrds， and my feet， as if rted （rt） t the grund， culdn’t mve a bit.（读后续写之情感描写）
点拨
as if/as thugh引导状语从句时，若主从句主语一致，且从句谓语为be动词，那么从句的主语和be动词可以省略，构成"as if/as thugh＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式"。本题中，as if引导的完整从句为：as if my feet were rted t the grund。
4.她紧张地捂住张大的嘴巴，觉得心好像要跳出来了。（读后续写之情感描写）
She nervusly cvered her wide-pened muth， feeling as if/as thugh her heart wuld jump ut .（现在分词作状语）
10 正在做某事，这时突然……
1.The ld wman was walking （walk）cautiusly n the icy pavement when her feet slipped and she fell ver.（读后续写之动作描写）
2.[译林选必②－1]I was abut t have （have）a bath when I heard peple screaming and dgs barking.
3.She had just finished her hmewrk when her mther asked her t practise the pian.
4.我正在担心如何说服她接受我的建议，这时我突然想到了一个好主意。（persuade，strike）（读后续写之心理描写）
I was wrrying abut hw t persuade her t accept my advice when a gd idea struck me.
词根-fect-
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[北师选必①－3]It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all ther species n Earth， including animals and plants.
2.[译林选必②－3]Burns damage skin， which can lead t infectin and ther health prblems.
3.[人教必修②－5]As it turned ut， there was n need t be nervus because all my hard wrk paid ff and I played perfectly .★be affected by... 受……影响，被……感动
be affected with... 感染……疾病
★（形近）effect n. 效应；结果；影响；效果
★have an effect/impact/influence n/upn 对……产生影响
★cme as/be a great shck t sb.令某人大为震惊
in shck震惊，吃惊
★shcked adj. 震惊的，惊讶的
be shcked at/by sth.对某事感到震惊
be shcked t d sth. 做某事很震惊
★shcking adj. 令人震惊的
★be buried in （ding） sth.＝bury neself in （ding） sth. 埋头于，专心于（做）某事
bury ne’s face in ne’s hands 双手掩面
be buried in thught 陷入沉思（＝be lst in thught）
★make an effrt/effrts t d sth. 努力去做某事
make every effrt t d sth.＝spare n effrt t d sth. 尽一切努力去做某事
★in an effrt t d sth. 为了做某事
withut effrt毫不费力地
with（an） effrt费劲地
★suffer frm 遭受；患……病
suffer pains/defeat/lss 遭受痛苦/失败/损失
★suffering n. 疼痛；苦难；痛苦
sufferer n.受苦者；受难者；患病者
★in shrt supply 供应不足
★为某人提供某物：
supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth. t sb.
prvide sb. with sth.＝prvide sth. fr sb.
ffer sb. sth.＝ffer sth. t sb.
★survive sth. 从……中活下来；幸存于……
survive n 依靠……生存
A survive B （by＋时间）
A比B活得长（……）
★survival n. 幸存；残存物
survivr n. 幸存者
★a pwer cut/failure停电
have the pwer t d sth.具有做某事的能力
d everything in ne’s pwer＝try ne’s best竭尽全力
beynd ne’s pwer某人力所不能及
in/within ne’s pwer在某人能力范围内
be in pwer 执政（强调状态）
cme t pwer 开始掌权/执政（强调动作）
★pwerful adj. 强健的；强有力的
pwerless adj. 无影响力的，无能为力的
★as if/as thugh既可引导方式状语从句，也可位于seem，lk等系动词后引导表语从句。
★若as if/as thugh从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气：
·与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时（be动词用were）；
·与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时；
·与将来事实相反，从句谓语用"wuld/culd/might/shuld＋动词原形"。
★when作并列连词，表示"这时突然"，还用于以下句型中：
be abut t d sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然……
be n the pint f ding sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然……
had （just） dne sth. when... 刚做完某事，这时突然……
Natural disasters， like drught，fld，typhns， and earthquakes， are becming mre frequent nwadays. All have bad effects n humans’ life， making us suffer frm terrible injuries and serius damage. The Tangshan earthquake in 1976 shcked the wrld then — abut 90 percent f the hmes in the city were destryed， and electricity was hard t get because pwer was cut ff. A large city lay inruins. Millins f peple were affected and had t face death. It seemed asif the wrld were cming t an end. Thankfully， 150，000 sldiers were sent t start rescue wrk. They dug ut thse wh were trapped，buried the dead and built shelters fr thse wh survived the disaster. The tireless effrtspaid ff. Slwly， the city began t breathe again.
In this fight， humans shwed great curage and wisdm. And what we learned frm the disaster is t keep firstaidkitnhand in case f emergency. When a disaster strikes a place， it’s usually difficult t deliver fd and supplies within a shrt time， but as lng as we stay calm， psitive and united， n disaster will defeat us.
1 affectvt.影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭；使感染
1.Unluckily， he was affected （affect） with a serius illness， which made his parents deeply cncerned.
2.We must take effective measures t prevent the area frm being affected （affect） by drught.
3.总的来说，英文报Yuth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。（短文投稿）
In summary， the English newspaper Yuth affects me greatly或has a great effect/impact/influence n/upn me . I’m ften deeply affected by cuntless mving stries in the newspaper.
2 shckn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊（amaze，surprise，astnish）
1.This is ne f the mst shcking （shck） weather events I’ve ever witnessed.
2.I was shcked t hear （hear） the news that an earthquake happened in Sichuan Prvince， killing mre than ne hundred peple.
3.Every staff member was in shck when hearing they wuld take a test n Sunday instead f having a picnic.
点拨
介词in和许多表示情绪的名词搭配使用时，可用来描写人物的心情，如in surprise/amazement（惊讶地），in fear/hrrr（惊恐地）等。
4.Peter wrked hard in the cmpany and wn praise frm his bss and clleagues， but his name was n the lay-ff（裁员） list. This gave him a shck/This made him shcked/This was shcking news fr him/This came as a shck t him . （情景续写）
3 buryvt.埋葬；安葬
1.[译林选必②－4]The time capsule， buried （bury）50 feet belw the grund in a park， was designed t be pened in the year 6939.
2.听到自己的家人被埋在废墟之下，他双手掩面，忍不住哭了出来。（读后续写之情绪描写）
Hearing that his family were buried in ruins ， he buried his face in his hands and culdn’t hld back his tears.
3.Fcusing n what he was ding， he didn’t even ntice it was getting dark utside.
→ Burying himself in /Buried in what he was ding ， he didn’t even ntice it was getting dark utside.（用bury改写画线部分）
4 effrtn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
1.[人教必修③－4]As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its effrts t grw （grw） enugh fd t feed Earth’s increasing ppulatin.
2.As a senir high schl student， yu must make effrts/make an effrt t imprve the necessary cmmunicatin skills （努力提高必要的沟通技巧）and develp critical and independent thinking. （建议信）
3.We’d better try ur best t prepare urselves fr tmrrw s that we can have a bright future.
→We’d better make every effrt/spare n effrt t prepare urselves fr tmrrw s that we can have a bright future.（用effrt升级画线部分）
4.学生应该专心学习。毕竟没有人能毫不费力地通过所有考试。（apply， effrt）
Students are suppsed t apply themselves t studying. After all，nbdy can pass all the exams withut effrt.
点拨
apply neself t （ding） sth. 勤奋工作；努力学习
5 suffervt.遭受，蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
1.It is shcking t see the patient suffering/suffer frm pverty and diseases and we all want t d smething t help this sufferer ut f his suffering（s） .（suffer）
2.Studies shw that if peple always sit befre cmputer screens fr lng hurs， they will have back prblems frm which they will suffer in the rest f their life.
点拨
本题中，back prblems后面是"介词＋which"引导的定语从句。suffer frm"遭受；患病"，是固定搭配，此处介词frm提前了。
3.虽然自然灾难可能会使我们遭受极大的痛苦，但我坚信只要我们守望相助，必能战胜灾难。（读后续写之主旨升华）
Althugh natural disasters may make us suffer great pains ， I firmly believe that we can vercme the disasters thrugh helping and supprting each ther.
6 supplyn.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
1.In the earthquake-stricken area，dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd supplies （supply）.
点拨
此处表示"运送食物"，supply在此表示"补给品"，通常要用复数形式。当supply表示"供应，供给"时，为不可数名词，如：electricity supply电力供应，water supply供水。
2.Many parents in China are always making every effrt t prvide their children with the best educatin.
→①Many parents in China are always making every effrt t supply their children with the best educatin/supply the best educatin t their children . （supply）
→②Many parents in China are always making every effrt t ffer their children the best educatin/ffer the best educatin t their children .（ffer）
7 survivevi.生存，存活，继续存在 vt.幸存；艰难度过
1.After the fld， peple were suffering in that area， wh urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter fr survival （survive）.
2.Mr. Green was the nly survivr （survive）in the earthquake.He tld us he survived n a bttle f water.
3.没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。（环境保护）
Withut the cean， n living things wuld survive， including humans.
8 pwern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
3.[人教选必①－4]Scientists have fund that when we feel prud and pwerful ， we usually straighten up t make urselves bigger. By cntrast， when we feel pwerless ， we tend t slump， making urselves smaller.（pwer）
4.如果你有任何问题，尽管来找我。我会竭尽全力帮助你。（建议信）
If yu have any prblems， just turn t me. I’ll d everything in my pwer t help yu .
5.发生在他朋友身上的事使他惊呆了，他一句话也说不出来。（读后续写之神态描写）
He was s shcked by what happened t his friends that he lst the pwer f speech .
9 asif/asthugh仿佛，好像，似乎
1.[译林选必①－3]When yu lk at the painting， it is as if yu were （be） abut t crss the bridge and enter anther wrld.
2.[外研选必②－3]Childhd memries came back t me s clearly， as if the events had happened （happen） nly yesterday.
3.I was dminated by an verwhelming sense f excitement and pride at his wrds， and my feet， as if rted （rt） t the grund， culdn’t mve a bit.（读后续写之情感描写）
点拨
as if/as thugh引导状语从句时，若主从句主语一致，且从句谓语为be动词，那么从句的主语和be动词可以省略，构成"as if/as thugh＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式"。本题中，as if引导的完整从句为：as if my feet were rted t the grund。
4.她紧张地捂住张大的嘴巴，觉得心好像要跳出来了。（读后续写之情感描写）
She nervusly cvered her wide-pened muth， feeling as if/as thugh her heart wuld jump ut .（现在分词作状语）
10 正在做某事，这时突然……
1.The ld wman was walking （walk）cautiusly n the icy pavement when her feet slipped and she fell ver.（读后续写之动作描写）
2.[译林选必②－1]I was abut t have （have）a bath when I heard peple screaming and dgs barking.
3.She had just finished her hmewrk when her mther asked her t practise the pian.
4.我正在担心如何说服她接受我的建议，这时我突然想到了一个好主意。（persuade，strike）（读后续写之心理描写）
I was wrrying abut hw t persuade her t accept my advice when a gd idea struck me.
词根-fect-
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[北师选必①－3]It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all ther species n Earth， including animals and plants.
2.[译林选必②－3]Burns damage skin， which can lead t infectin and ther health prblems.
3.[人教必修②－5]As it turned ut， there was n need t be nervus because all my hard wrk paid ff and I played perfectly .★be affected by... 受……影响，被……感动
be affected with... 感染……疾病
★（形近）effect n. 效应；结果；影响；效果
★have an effect/impact/influence n/upn 对……产生影响
★cme as/be a great shck t sb.令某人大为震惊
in shck震惊，吃惊
★shcked adj. 震惊的，惊讶的
be shcked at/by sth.对某事感到震惊
be shcked t d sth. 做某事很震惊
★shcking adj. 令人震惊的
★be buried in （ding） sth.＝bury neself in （ding） sth. 埋头于，专心于（做）某事
bury ne’s face in ne’s hands 双手掩面
be buried in thught 陷入沉思（＝be lst in thught）
★make an effrt/effrts t d sth. 努力去做某事
make every effrt t d sth.＝spare n effrt t d sth. 尽一切努力去做某事
★in an effrt t d sth. 为了做某事
withut effrt毫不费力地
with（an） effrt费劲地
★suffer frm 遭受；患……病
suffer pains/defeat/lss 遭受痛苦/失败/损失
★suffering n. 疼痛；苦难；痛苦
sufferer n.受苦者；受难者；患病者
★in shrt supply 供应不足
★为某人提供某物：
supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth. t sb.
prvide sb. with sth.＝prvide sth. fr sb.
ffer sb. sth.＝ffer sth. t sb.
★survive sth. 从……中活下来；幸存于……
survive n 依靠……生存
A survive B （by＋时间）
A比B活得长（……）
★survival n. 幸存；残存物
survivr n. 幸存者
★a pwer cut/failure停电
have the pwer t d sth.具有做某事的能力
d everything in ne’s pwer＝try ne’s best竭尽全力
beynd ne’s pwer某人力所不能及
in/within ne’s pwer在某人能力范围内
be in pwer 执政（强调状态）
cme t pwer 开始掌权/执政（强调动作）
★pwerful adj. 强健的；强有力的
pwerless adj. 无影响力的，无能为力的
★as if/as thugh既可引导方式状语从句，也可位于seem，lk等系动词后引导表语从句。
★若as if/as thugh从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气：
·与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时（be动词用were）；
·与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时；
·与将来事实相反，从句谓语用"wuld/culd/might/shuld＋动词原形"。
★when作并列连词，表示"这时突然"，还用于以下句型中：
be abut t d sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然……
be n the pint f ding sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然……
had （just） dne sth. when... 刚做完某事，这时突然……
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