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备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4BodyLanguage新人教版选择性必修第一册
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这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4BodyLanguage新人教版选择性必修第一册，共7页。
The significance f nnverbal cmmunicatin can’t be ignred. Apprpriate gestures can be very useful fr interactin.
By cmparisn with verbal cmmunicatin， bdy language is mre genuine because it can reveal ur internal thughts and feelings. But bdy language is nt always reliable. Peple may adjust their expressins t hide their true feelings. Fr example， a fake smile can be emplyed t hide feelings like being ashamed r embarrassed. Therefre， we shuld distinguish real feelings frm bdy language wewitness with care.
Generally， bdy language is universal. Fr example， a sincere smile can break dwn language barriers， but sme gestures vary frm culture t culture. T greet thers， sme may shake hands r bw frm the waist while thers favur kissing peple n the cheek. Besides， an identical gesture may demnstrate different meanings. Fr example， thumbs up， the widely recgnized sign t apprve， is actually interpreted as highly ffensive in certain cuntries. T avid cnflicts， we must learn abut the gestures befre we call n smebdy in a new place.
1 varyvi.（根据情况）变化；改变；（大小、形状等）相异
1.[北师必修①－1]I als shp fr varius （vary） things nline， such as bks， cmputer hardware and ther necessities.
2.When the explrers first set ft n the cntinent f Nrth America， the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety （vary） f wildlife.
3.Rms vary in size and sme are equipped with a televisin and telephne.
4.学校有各种各样的俱乐部，鼓励学生发展兴趣爱好。（兴趣爱好）
→① The schl has varius clubs ， encuraging students t develp their interests. （varius）
→② There is a variety f clubs/There are varieties f clubs in the schl t encurage students t develp their interests. （variety）
5.对这件事的看法因人而异。
Opinins n this matter vary frm persn t persn. （vary）
点拨
本句可用于观点类书面表达的写作中，后面跟sme... thers...，用来介绍不同或对立的观点。
2 apprvevi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
1.Many yungsters（少年） nw measure their status by hw much public apprval （apprve） they get nline， ften thrugh "likes".
2.Sme f them apprve f the idea that it is gd t start learning English in childhd. 3.Her parents apprved f her earning （earn） mney in her spare time， warning her nt t neglect her studies.
4.如果我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感激。（申请信）
I wuld appreciate it if my applicatin culd get yur apprval.
点拨
I wuld appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激。注意主从句都要用一般过去时，表示委婉的请求。
3 witnessvt.当场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人
1.The Ancient Silk Rad is a witness t the Sin-Eurpean exchanges ver thusands f years.
2.警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人都要与他们联系。
Plice have called n anyne wh witnessed the incident t cntact them.
3.过去的几十年见证了在线新闻媒体的快速发展。
→ ① The past decades have witnessed the rapid develpment f nline news media. （witness v.）
→② The past decades have been a witness t the rapid develpment f nline news media. （witness n.）
4 favurvt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同
1.I generally favur running （run） in the early mrning， when the rads are quiet.
2.It gave me a big thrill t meet my favurite （favur） authr in persn.
3.毋庸置疑，机遇和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。（读后续写之主旨升华）
Undubtedly，pprtunities and success tend t favur thse wh are ready .
4.我们真诚地希望你能帮我们一个忙，把我们英语课本上的一个故事改编成短剧。
（求助信）
We sincerely hpe yu can d us a favur and help adapt a stry frm ur English textbk fr a shrt play.
5 distinguishvi.&vt.区分；辨别 vt.使出众；使著名
1.[人教选必④－1]It wuld nt be surprising if we fund it difficult t distinguish between reality and science fictin in the future.
2.N ne will ever knw what mix f talent， ambitin， energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished （distinguish） writer.
3.杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名，每年都有大批游客前来游览。（景点介绍）
Distinguished fr its attractive scenery， Hangzhu witnesses large numbers f turists every year. （witness，过去分词短语作状语）
4.读好书不仅能丰富我们的思想，还能教会我们辨别是非。（演讲稿）
Reading gd bks can nt nly enrich ur minds but als teach us t distinguish between right and wrng.
6 ashamedadj.羞愧；惭愧；因惭愧而不情愿
1.I really felt ashamed f myself failing t lend a hand t my neighbur when he asked me a favur.
2.Every student shuld keep in mind that it’s wrng and shameful （shame） t cheat in exams！
3.I am ashamed t admit （admit） that I lied t my best friend.
4.That is the nly French phrase I mastered， and it’s a shame that I dn’t have much use fr it.
5.我既尴尬又羞愧，无法集中精力做任何事情。（读后续写之心理描写）
Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t cncentrate n anything. （形容词作状语）
7 adjustvt.调整；调节 vi.&vt.（使）适应；（使）习惯
1.Flexible peple are highly adaptable and can adjust quickly t new situatins.
2.Sme schls will have t make adjustments （adjust） in agreement with the natinal sccer refrm.
点拨
in agreement with意为"同意，与……一致"，"in＋名词＋with"可看作复合介词，类似的词很多。例如：in cmmn with 与……有共同之处；in cmpany with与……一起；in cmparisn with 与……比较。
3.Adjust yur language t the age f yur audience.
4.S after the camp， I realised that it was very imprtant t adjust my lifestyle （调整我的生活方式非常重要）.
5.作为交换生，我花了很长时间才适应澳大利亚的生活。
→①As an exchange student， it tk me a lng time t adjust t living in Australia .（take， adjust t）
→②As an exchange student， I spent a lng time adjusting myself t the life in Australia .（spend， adjust neself t sth.）
8 breakdwn打倒，砸破；（使）分解；（机器）损坏，出故障；（谈判等）失败，突然停止；被搞垮，垮掉；消除
结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
1.[外研必修②－6]It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn， but much less time fr paper. （使）分解
2.[外研选必③－4]That’s an ld facility. The rbts there were bund t break dwn sner r later. 出故障
3.A smile can break dwn barriers. We can use a smile t aplgise， t greet smene， t ask fr help， r t start a cnversatin. 消除
4.News reprts say peace talks between the tw cuntries have brken dwn with n agreement reached. （谈判等）失败
5.His health has cmpletely brken dwn under the stress f heavy wrk. 垮掉
9 calln（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请
1.[外研必修②－6]We are writing this letter t call n everyne t take part in the Clear Yur Plate campaign.
点拨
call n sb. t d sth. 结构可用于倡议类书面表达的写作中。
2.The cnference had been eventually called ff ， s we went hme instead.
3.Wrking in space calls fr a special cmbinatin f skill， talent and bravery as well as physical and mental strength.
4.Cars with serius faults have been called in by the manufacturers.
10 部分否定
1.虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并非所有的影响都是积极的。
→①While nline shpping has changed ur life， nt all f its effects have been psitive .（nt修饰主语）
→②While nline shpping has changed ur life， all f its effects haven’t been psitive .（nt修饰谓语）
2.遗憾的是，并不是每个人都意识到野生动物有平等的生存权利。
→①Unfrtunately， nt everyne has realised that wildlife has equal rights t survive. （nt修饰主语）
→②Unfrtunately， everyne has nt realised that wildlife has equal rights t survive. （nt修饰谓语）
点拨
在部分否定结构中，nt既可以修饰主语，也可以修饰谓语，nt的位置不影响意义的表达。
3.科学家们提出了许多关于人类为什么哭的理论，但都没有得到证实。
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry， nne f which has been prved . （"代词＋f which"引导的定语从句）
4.汤姆请杰克和彼得和他一起去听音乐会，但他们都不想去。
Tm asks Jack and Peter t g t the cncert with him， but neither （f them） wants t .
点拨
bth f them dn’t want t表示"并非两人都想去"，即一个人不想去。
词根-act-
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[人教选必③－3]Climate scientists have warned that if we d nt take apprpriate actins ， this warming trend will prbably cntinue and there will be a higher price t pay.
2.[人教选必②－1]Many scientists subscribe t the view that it is human activity that has caused glbal warming.
3.Encuraged by the psitive reactin f the audience， I cntinued t play the pian and enjyed it mre.
4.Rwan Atkinsn is an English actr ， whm we knw best as Mr Bean.
5.Teachers have a limited amunt f time t interact with each child.★vary 根据……的不同而变化
vary 从……到……不等
vary in... 在……方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
★varius adj.各种各样的
★variety n.不同种类；变化；多样化
a variety f＝varieties f＝varius 各种各样的
★apprve f... 赞成……；同意……
apprve f （sb./sb.’s） ding sth. 同意/赞成（某人）做某事
★disapprve v.不同意
apprval n.同意；赞成；批准
★witness sth. 目击/目睹某事
★be （a） witness t sth. 目击；看见；见证
bear/give witness t为……作证；证明
★favur ding sth. 更喜欢做某事
★d sb. a favur帮某人的忙
ask sb. a favur＝ ask a favur f sb. 请求某人帮忙
in favur f 赞成；支持
★favurableadj.有利的；良好的；赞成的
favuriteadj.特别受喜爱的
★distinguish... frm... 使……有别于……；从……区分……
distinguish 区分……和……
distinguish neself （as/by...）（作为/因……）出众；著名
be distinguished fr/as... 因为/作为……而著名
★distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的
★be/feel ashamed f... 为……感到羞愧
be ashamed t d sth. 耻于做某事；不情愿做某事
★shame n.羞耻；惭愧；让人遗憾的事
It is a shame that... 真可惜……
★shameful adj.可耻的；不体面的
★ 调整……以适应……
adjust t （ding）sth. 习惯/适应（做）某事
adjust neself t sth. 使自己适应某事
★adjustment n.调整；适应
make adjustments/an adjustment （t...）（对……）做出调整
★adjustable adj.可调节的
★call ff 取消
call up 给……打电话；使想起
call at sp. 访问/拜访（某地）；停靠
call fr需要；（公开）要求
call in 叫来；打来电话；下令收回
★部分否定： all，everybdy，everything，bth，always等代词或副词与nt连用，表示"并非都是，不是每个都是"。
★全部否定：
（1）否定词nt＋any/anybdy/anything/anywhere等；
（2）表示全部否定意义的词（n， never， nne， nbdy， nthing， n ne， neither等）＋表示肯定意义的谓语。
The significance f nnverbal cmmunicatin can’t be ignred. Apprpriate gestures can be very useful fr interactin.
By cmparisn with verbal cmmunicatin， bdy language is mre genuine because it can reveal ur internal thughts and feelings. But bdy language is nt always reliable. Peple may adjust their expressins t hide their true feelings. Fr example， a fake smile can be emplyed t hide feelings like being ashamed r embarrassed. Therefre， we shuld distinguish real feelings frm bdy language wewitness with care.
Generally， bdy language is universal. Fr example， a sincere smile can break dwn language barriers， but sme gestures vary frm culture t culture. T greet thers， sme may shake hands r bw frm the waist while thers favur kissing peple n the cheek. Besides， an identical gesture may demnstrate different meanings. Fr example， thumbs up， the widely recgnized sign t apprve， is actually interpreted as highly ffensive in certain cuntries. T avid cnflicts， we must learn abut the gestures befre we call n smebdy in a new place.
1 varyvi.（根据情况）变化；改变；（大小、形状等）相异
1.[北师必修①－1]I als shp fr varius （vary） things nline， such as bks， cmputer hardware and ther necessities.
2.When the explrers first set ft n the cntinent f Nrth America， the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety （vary） f wildlife.
3.Rms vary in size and sme are equipped with a televisin and telephne.
4.学校有各种各样的俱乐部，鼓励学生发展兴趣爱好。（兴趣爱好）
→① The schl has varius clubs ， encuraging students t develp their interests. （varius）
→② There is a variety f clubs/There are varieties f clubs in the schl t encurage students t develp their interests. （variety）
5.对这件事的看法因人而异。
Opinins n this matter vary frm persn t persn. （vary）
点拨
本句可用于观点类书面表达的写作中，后面跟sme... thers...，用来介绍不同或对立的观点。
2 apprvevi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
1.Many yungsters（少年） nw measure their status by hw much public apprval （apprve） they get nline， ften thrugh "likes".
2.Sme f them apprve f the idea that it is gd t start learning English in childhd. 3.Her parents apprved f her earning （earn） mney in her spare time， warning her nt t neglect her studies.
4.如果我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感激。（申请信）
I wuld appreciate it if my applicatin culd get yur apprval.
点拨
I wuld appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激。注意主从句都要用一般过去时，表示委婉的请求。
3 witnessvt.当场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人
1.The Ancient Silk Rad is a witness t the Sin-Eurpean exchanges ver thusands f years.
2.警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人都要与他们联系。
Plice have called n anyne wh witnessed the incident t cntact them.
3.过去的几十年见证了在线新闻媒体的快速发展。
→ ① The past decades have witnessed the rapid develpment f nline news media. （witness v.）
→② The past decades have been a witness t the rapid develpment f nline news media. （witness n.）
4 favurvt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同
1.I generally favur running （run） in the early mrning， when the rads are quiet.
2.It gave me a big thrill t meet my favurite （favur） authr in persn.
3.毋庸置疑，机遇和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。（读后续写之主旨升华）
Undubtedly，pprtunities and success tend t favur thse wh are ready .
4.我们真诚地希望你能帮我们一个忙，把我们英语课本上的一个故事改编成短剧。
（求助信）
We sincerely hpe yu can d us a favur and help adapt a stry frm ur English textbk fr a shrt play.
5 distinguishvi.&vt.区分；辨别 vt.使出众；使著名
1.[人教选必④－1]It wuld nt be surprising if we fund it difficult t distinguish between reality and science fictin in the future.
2.N ne will ever knw what mix f talent， ambitin， energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished （distinguish） writer.
3.杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名，每年都有大批游客前来游览。（景点介绍）
Distinguished fr its attractive scenery， Hangzhu witnesses large numbers f turists every year. （witness，过去分词短语作状语）
4.读好书不仅能丰富我们的思想，还能教会我们辨别是非。（演讲稿）
Reading gd bks can nt nly enrich ur minds but als teach us t distinguish between right and wrng.
6 ashamedadj.羞愧；惭愧；因惭愧而不情愿
1.I really felt ashamed f myself failing t lend a hand t my neighbur when he asked me a favur.
2.Every student shuld keep in mind that it’s wrng and shameful （shame） t cheat in exams！
3.I am ashamed t admit （admit） that I lied t my best friend.
4.That is the nly French phrase I mastered， and it’s a shame that I dn’t have much use fr it.
5.我既尴尬又羞愧，无法集中精力做任何事情。（读后续写之心理描写）
Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t cncentrate n anything. （形容词作状语）
7 adjustvt.调整；调节 vi.&vt.（使）适应；（使）习惯
1.Flexible peple are highly adaptable and can adjust quickly t new situatins.
2.Sme schls will have t make adjustments （adjust） in agreement with the natinal sccer refrm.
点拨
in agreement with意为"同意，与……一致"，"in＋名词＋with"可看作复合介词，类似的词很多。例如：in cmmn with 与……有共同之处；in cmpany with与……一起；in cmparisn with 与……比较。
3.Adjust yur language t the age f yur audience.
4.S after the camp， I realised that it was very imprtant t adjust my lifestyle （调整我的生活方式非常重要）.
5.作为交换生，我花了很长时间才适应澳大利亚的生活。
→①As an exchange student， it tk me a lng time t adjust t living in Australia .（take， adjust t）
→②As an exchange student， I spent a lng time adjusting myself t the life in Australia .（spend， adjust neself t sth.）
8 breakdwn打倒，砸破；（使）分解；（机器）损坏，出故障；（谈判等）失败，突然停止；被搞垮，垮掉；消除
结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
1.[外研必修②－6]It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn， but much less time fr paper. （使）分解
2.[外研选必③－4]That’s an ld facility. The rbts there were bund t break dwn sner r later. 出故障
3.A smile can break dwn barriers. We can use a smile t aplgise， t greet smene， t ask fr help， r t start a cnversatin. 消除
4.News reprts say peace talks between the tw cuntries have brken dwn with n agreement reached. （谈判等）失败
5.His health has cmpletely brken dwn under the stress f heavy wrk. 垮掉
9 calln（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请
1.[外研必修②－6]We are writing this letter t call n everyne t take part in the Clear Yur Plate campaign.
点拨
call n sb. t d sth. 结构可用于倡议类书面表达的写作中。
2.The cnference had been eventually called ff ， s we went hme instead.
3.Wrking in space calls fr a special cmbinatin f skill， talent and bravery as well as physical and mental strength.
4.Cars with serius faults have been called in by the manufacturers.
10 部分否定
1.虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并非所有的影响都是积极的。
→①While nline shpping has changed ur life， nt all f its effects have been psitive .（nt修饰主语）
→②While nline shpping has changed ur life， all f its effects haven’t been psitive .（nt修饰谓语）
2.遗憾的是，并不是每个人都意识到野生动物有平等的生存权利。
→①Unfrtunately， nt everyne has realised that wildlife has equal rights t survive. （nt修饰主语）
→②Unfrtunately， everyne has nt realised that wildlife has equal rights t survive. （nt修饰谓语）
点拨
在部分否定结构中，nt既可以修饰主语，也可以修饰谓语，nt的位置不影响意义的表达。
3.科学家们提出了许多关于人类为什么哭的理论，但都没有得到证实。
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry， nne f which has been prved . （"代词＋f which"引导的定语从句）
4.汤姆请杰克和彼得和他一起去听音乐会，但他们都不想去。
Tm asks Jack and Peter t g t the cncert with him， but neither （f them） wants t .
点拨
bth f them dn’t want t表示"并非两人都想去"，即一个人不想去。
词根-act-
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[人教选必③－3]Climate scientists have warned that if we d nt take apprpriate actins ， this warming trend will prbably cntinue and there will be a higher price t pay.
2.[人教选必②－1]Many scientists subscribe t the view that it is human activity that has caused glbal warming.
3.Encuraged by the psitive reactin f the audience， I cntinued t play the pian and enjyed it mre.
4.Rwan Atkinsn is an English actr ， whm we knw best as Mr Bean.
5.Teachers have a limited amunt f time t interact with each child.★vary 根据……的不同而变化
vary 从……到……不等
vary in... 在……方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
★varius adj.各种各样的
★variety n.不同种类；变化；多样化
a variety f＝varieties f＝varius 各种各样的
★apprve f... 赞成……；同意……
apprve f （sb./sb.’s） ding sth. 同意/赞成（某人）做某事
★disapprve v.不同意
apprval n.同意；赞成；批准
★witness sth. 目击/目睹某事
★be （a） witness t sth. 目击；看见；见证
bear/give witness t为……作证；证明
★favur ding sth. 更喜欢做某事
★d sb. a favur帮某人的忙
ask sb. a favur＝ ask a favur f sb. 请求某人帮忙
in favur f 赞成；支持
★favurableadj.有利的；良好的；赞成的
favuriteadj.特别受喜爱的
★distinguish... frm... 使……有别于……；从……区分……
distinguish 区分……和……
distinguish neself （as/by...）（作为/因……）出众；著名
be distinguished fr/as... 因为/作为……而著名
★distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的
★be/feel ashamed f... 为……感到羞愧
be ashamed t d sth. 耻于做某事；不情愿做某事
★shame n.羞耻；惭愧；让人遗憾的事
It is a shame that... 真可惜……
★shameful adj.可耻的；不体面的
★ 调整……以适应……
adjust t （ding）sth. 习惯/适应（做）某事
adjust neself t sth. 使自己适应某事
★adjustment n.调整；适应
make adjustments/an adjustment （t...）（对……）做出调整
★adjustable adj.可调节的
★call ff 取消
call up 给……打电话；使想起
call at sp. 访问/拜访（某地）；停靠
call fr需要；（公开）要求
call in 叫来；打来电话；下令收回
★部分否定： all，everybdy，everything，bth，always等代词或副词与nt连用，表示"并非都是，不是每个都是"。
★全部否定：
（1）否定词nt＋any/anybdy/anything/anywhere等；
（2）表示全部否定意义的词（n， never， nne， nbdy， nthing， n ne， neither等）＋表示肯定意义的谓语。
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