【寒假作业】人教版2019 高中英语 高一寒假巩固提升训练 专题06 新课学习必修第二册Unit4（语法学习&写作过关）-练习.zip

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过去分词（一）作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
一．过去分词作定语的用法
（一）过去分词作定语的位置
（二）过去分词作定语的时态和语态
注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别：
二．过去分词作宾语补足语的用法
注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：
随堂小练
单句语法填空
1.Sme f the peple (invite)t the party can't cme.
2.The rm is empty except fr a bkshelf (stand)in ne crner.
3.The trees (blw)dwn in the strm have been mved ff the rad.
4.Yu'd better have yur shes (mend).
5.The father wants his daughter (teach)the pian.
6.I saw an ld man (knck)dwn by a car.
7.I'd like the jb (d)when I cme back frm the jurney.
8.The speaker raised his vice but still culdn't make himself (hear).
9.An ld man was brught in，with his hands (tie)behind his back.
10.With all the wrk (d)，I feel very relaxed nw.
11.Listening t music at hme is ne thing，ging t hear it (perfrm)live is quite anther.
12.The by made the baby (laugh)by making a face at him.
13.She fell asleep with the light (burn).
介绍一个地方
描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括：地理位置、面积、人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。
时态应以现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
[基本框架]
开头：介绍该地方的基本信息(位置，面积等)；
主体：描述该地方的一些具体信息(著名的地方，与众不同之处)；
结尾：作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。
[常用词块]
1． lcated/is situated＋地点状语
2．＋数词＋metres abve sea level
3． surrunded by...……
4． very/quite/extremely the year rund某地气候终年寒冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和……
5． rich in...，like/such as...……
6． famus/well­knwn fr...……
7． a (lng)histry f...……
8． back t...……
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．It is lcated/lies in...，with an area f...
2．It cvers an area f...，with a histry f...
3．...，lcated cvering an area f...，is ne f China's mst famus scenic spts.
4．The histry back t...
5．It has becme the mst ppular turist attractin since...
★正文佳句
1．There are many places f interest，such as...
2．Yu can enjy...，which has a high reputatin bth at hme and abrad.
3．With...， attracting mre and mre turists.
4．An interesting feature
5．With its pleasant climate，rich natural resurces and beautiful scenery， ne f China's majr turist cities.
6．A trip enable yu t get t knw...
★余味结尾
1． well wrth visiting.
2． a place yu have t visit and the extrardinary view will make yu unwilling t leave.
练习1
假定你叫李华，你的朋友J将从英国到你的家乡海口旅游。她来信询问有关海口的基本情况，请你给她回信。信的内容包括：
1．海口的基本情况：
(1)地理位置(海南岛北部) (2)人口(227.21万人) (3)面积(2304.84平方公里) (4)气候
2．至少介绍两个著名景点。
[参考范文]
Dear J，
I am s excited t knw that yu will cme t Haiku, my hmetwn, . I'm s hnred t shw it t yu.
2,272, 100, Haiku, the capital f Hainan Prvince, the nrth f Hainan Island, abut 2,305 square kilmeters. the pleasant climate — nt t ht in summer and nt t cld in winter.
There are many here, the Hliday Beach, which enjys a beautiful and gentle castline（海岸线） with sparkling （波光粼粼的）waters, waving ccnut trees （椰子树）and plenty f sunshine. Besides, Wugng Temple, which is nw an attractive ancient architecture, was cnstructed
（纪念）five famus peple during Tang and Sng Dynasties.
Lking frward t yur arrival!
Yurs,
Li Hua
练习2
假定你是英国学生Harry，有一位中国笔友Li Hua想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡，请你根据提示回复一封电子邮件。
注意：词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
Tday I'm writing t tell yu smething abut Edinburgh which yu asked abut in the last e­mail.







Yurs faithfully，
Harry
基础精练
一．用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.The muntain village________（surrund）by beautiful natural landscape lks amazing.
2.The family's ancestrs nce attended t ________（wund）sldiers in the First Wrld War.
3.The yung peple ________（attract）by the legend f Lch Ness watched ver the lake with their cameras and binculars ________（psitin）n the hill.
4.Judy and I had ur car ________（park）in an undergrund car park near Trafalgar Square, where we culd get ur car battery ________（charge）.
5.When we finally reached the service desk t ask fr audi guides, we heard it________（annunce）that there were n audi guides left.
6.Judy had her eyes ________（fix）n Van Ggh's Sunflwers. It was hard t apprach the painting as there were s many peple arund.
7.She had a cpy f the painting________（bx）t ensure that it was delivered safely.
8. The scientist attended the meeting ______ (hld) in the Great Hall f the Peple.
9. Linjiang Bridge _____ (build) in a shape f fish in Wuhu, Anhui Prvince was put int use in 2008.
10.With all the tasks _____ (finish) ahead f time, he decided t set ut n his travel.
11. Michael put up a picture f Ya Ming beside the bed t keep himself____ (remind ) f his wn dreams.
12. Claire had her luggage________ (check) an hur befre her plane left.
13. Jenny hpes that Mr. Smith will suggest a gd way t have her written English ___________ (imprve) in a shrt perid.
14. Listen! D yu hear smene ______ (call) fr help?
15. S far, abut 40 huses have fallen dwn under the weight f the snw, with 22 peple______（injure）.
二.短文语法填空
The Amber Rm was given this name because several tns f amber were used t make it.The
1. (select)amber had 2. beautiful yellw­brwn clur like hney.The design f the rm was 3. the fancy style ppular in thse days.It was als a treasure 4. (decrate)with gld and jewels，5. tk the cuntry's best 6. (artist)abut ten years t make.
Later，Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Rm 7. (mve)t a palace utside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.8. (sad)，the Amber Rm 9. (cnsider)ne f the wnders f the wrld，is nw 10. (miss).
三.语法填空
In much f Asia，especially the s­called “rice bwl” cultures f China，Japan，Krea，1.________ Vietnam，fd is usually eaten with chpsticks.
Chpsticks are usually tw lng，thin pieces f wd r bamb.They can als be made f plastic，animal bne r metal.Smetimes chpsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chpsticks might 2.________ (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal 3.________ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chpsticks fr five thusand years.Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts，4.________ (use) twigs (树枝) t remve it.Over time，5.________ the ppulatin grew，peple began cutting fd int small pieces s it wuld ck mre quickly.Fd in small pieces culd be eaten easily with twigs which 6.________ (gradual) turned int chpsticks.
Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius，7.________lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C.，influenced the 8.________ (develp) f chpsticks.Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and 9.________ (be) t vilent fr use at the table.
Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia.In India，fr example，mst peple traditinally eat 10.________ their hands.
能力提升
2022年全国甲卷英语
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ___41___ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ___42___ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince. Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ___43___ (bld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad. ___44___ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental ___45___ (prtect). Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre ___46___ (meaning). The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.
In the last five cars. Ca ___47___ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s ___48___ (high) muntain.
Nw, Ca has started the secnd part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute. He flew 4, 700 kilmeters ___49___ Xi’an t Kashgar n seat. 20, ___50___ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
2022年全国甲卷英语
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imprtant Things t Knw When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise yu with sme f its imprtant rules. ___16___. Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.
Chpstick Rules
The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid annying yur cmpanins. When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. ___17___ .
Hands r Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand. Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring t use their hands. In Chile, yu may never tuch any fd with yur fingers. Peple in Thailand generally use their frks nly t push fd nt their spns.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Prtugal, this wuld be a serius mistake, because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask fr extra cheese t add t yur fd.
Sme f these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem randm and strange, but they are imprtant in varius cuntries. ___20___ , the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
目录
语法导航：学习语法知识
写作导航：学习单元写作
小试牛刀：基础精练+能力提升
1. 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即 放在被修饰词之前。
注意：有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。
tired visitrs
a well-rganised trip
beautifully dressed stars
The disease was caused by plluted water.
We finished the run in less than half the time allwed. 
He is ne f thse invited.
2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。
visitrs tired f the lng wait
a trip rganised well by my wrkplace
stars dressed beautifully at the event
The river plluted by daily waste is nw dirty and smelly.
1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成。
过去分词作定语时，相当于定语从句。
过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语，相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
I dn't like the bk written by Martin (=which was written by Martin).
It is a huse built by the Rmans（= which was built by the Rmans）.
The prblem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday）, has been slved.
They use the same flag, knwn as the Unin Jack （=which is knwn as the Unin Jack）.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。
fallen leaves
biled water
the develped cuntries
现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主动关系，且该动作正在进行，即表“主动、进行”； 过去分词作定语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成，即表“被动、完成”。
The wrkers building the huses wrk day and night.（wrkers和build是主动关系）
The huses built last year are fr the villagers .（huses和build是被动关系）
“及物动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，过去分词dne作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。
1.用于feel, find, hear, ntice, see, smell, bserve, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
I saw an ld man kncked dwn by a car just nw.
When he wke up in the hspital, he fund himself surrunded by dctrs and nurses.
2.用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
The speaker raised his vice but still culdn't make himself heard.
He gt his tth pulled ut yesterday.
They had castles built all arund England.
3.用于wish, want, wuld like, expect, rder等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。
The bss rdered the plan carried ut as sn as pssible.
The father wants his daughter taught Japanese.
4.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。
With the wrk finished, he went ut fr a walk.
The murderer was brught in, with his hands tied behind his back.
过去分词dne作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系；现在分词ding作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成主动关系。
I heard her singing an English sng when I passed by.
I ften heard the English sng sung by yung peple at the party.
It was cld, and she had the fire burning day and night.
I had my car repaired last week.
爱丁堡
苏格兰(Sctland)的首府，政治和文化中心
人口
约50万
面积
260平方千米(square kilmetres)
地理位置
苏格兰的东南部
交通
公共交通十分便利
天气
气候温和(mild climate)
旅游
最受欢迎的旅游城市之一；古老建筑众多