专题09.第九章动词时态（初高区别及衔接）--2024年暑假英语初升高衔接之专题突破（牛津译林版）

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初中阶段，我们学习了一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等时态的构成和用法，掌握了这些时态的使用范围。
回顾一：一般现在时
一般现在时可以表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作、情况或状态，也可表示现在的能力、特征、职业等。还可表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。
1.We can see clearly that Mnglia (位于) between China and Russia n the map.
lies 【解析】句意:我们在地图上可以清楚地看到蒙古位于中国和俄罗斯之间。本题考查动词的时态。
2.The little girl k her mm gd night befre she ges t bed every day.
【答案】kisses 【解析】句意:这个小女孩每天睡觉前都亲吻妈妈道晚安。
回顾二：一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、情况、状态等，有时会带有确定的表过去的时间状语。
1.After a lng day, Tm l dwn n the bed and went t sleep.
lay 【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意:漫长的一天后,Tm在床上躺下,然后睡着了。
2.When I tld him running fr president wuld be much wrk, he (prmise)that he wuld help me.
prmised 【解析】句意:当我告诉他竞选主席需要大量的工作,他承诺说他会帮助我。通过从句的tld可知,本句是一般过去时。
3.Linda stayed up late and p herself fr the math exam last night.
prepared 【解析】句意:昨夜Linda熬夜到很晚,为她的数学考试做准备。本题考查动词的时态。由last night可知要用一般过去时。
4.This spring my elder brther and I (spend) a lng weekend cycling in the cuntryside.
spent 【解析】句意:今年春天我和我哥哥在农村骑车度过了一个长长的周末。本题考查动词。由This spring可知,使用一般过去时。
5.I was lking thrugh my ld phts last Sunday. One pht (catch) my eye.
caught 【解析】句意:我上周日正在浏览我的老照片。一张照片引起了我的注意。本题考查动词,由前文的last Sunday,可知设空处的动词应使用过去式。
6.Gina usually takes the bus t wrk, but this mrning she r a bike t wrk.
rde 【解析】句意:Gina通常乘公交去上班,但是今天早上她骑自行车去上班了。本题考查动词。
回顾三：一般将来时
一般将来时表示单纯的将来事实，由“will+动词原形”构成，如果是第一人称，也可以用“shall+动词原形”。用“be ging t+动词原形”表示打算和预测。
1.The temperature will (上升) quickly during this perid.
rise 【解析】句意:温度在此期间将上升很快。本题考查动词的一般将来时。
2.I (send)yu sme phts f Edinburgh Castle next time.
will send/am ging t send 【解析】句意:下一次我会寄给你一些Edinburgh Castle的照片。关键词next time提示应用一般将来时。
回顾四：现在进行时
现在进行时可以表示说话时正在发生的动作，常和nw,right nw,at this mment等时间状语及动词lk,listen等连用，这是现在进行时的“暂时性”特征。还可以表示目前一段时间内一直在发生的动作，但是说话时不一定在发生，常和these days,this week,at present(目前)等时间状语连用，这是现在进行时的“阶段性”特征。现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。
1.Peple frm all ver Turkey are (送) their ld bks t the library.
sending 【解析】句意:来自土耳其各地的人们把他们的旧书送到图书馆来。本题考查动词的现在进行时。
2.—Wh is (敲)at the dr?
—Maybe it’s the pstman.
kncking 【解析】句意:——谁在敲门?——可能是邮递员。本题考查动词的时态。
3.Nw Jseph (d)a prject, hping that it will help children face their wn “lins”.
is ding 【解析】句意:现在Jseph在做一个项目,希望它能帮助孩子们面对他们自己的“狮子”。
4.Online shpping is g in ppularity.
grwing 【解析】句意:网上购物越来越受欢迎。本题考查动词。
回顾五：过去进行时
过去进行时由was/were加现在分词构成。表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
1.Billy was (kick)a ball arund the yard while his mm was cking in the kitchen.
kicking 【解析】句意:当Billy的妈妈在厨房做饭的时候,他在院子里踢球。本题考查动词的时态。此处的两个动作同时进行。
2.Tw hurs later, when David’s mther gt back, he (play)games with Jhn.
was playing 【解析】句意:两个小时后,当David的妈妈回来的时候,他正在和Jhn玩游戏。本题考查动词的时态。when引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时,根据句意可知,设空处应为过去进行时。
3.When he (watch)the traffic, a bag fell ff a truck and it landed by the ther side f the street.
was watching 【解析】句意:当他在看交通情况的时候,一只袋子从一辆卡车上掉下来,落在街道的另一边。本题考查过去进行时。when引导的是时间状语从句,表示正在发生的动作,因此设空处应为过去进行时。过去进行时态的结构为was/were ding,因此答案为was watching。
回顾六：现在完成时
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态；也可以表示实质上可能继续下去的动作或状态，这时往往与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
1.I’m very hungry. I haven’t e anything since 7:00 this mrning.
eaten 【解析】句意:我很饿。我从早上七点到现在没有吃任何东西。本句为现在完成时态,故本空应填动词的过去分词形式,再结合句意可知本空填eaten。
2.Srry, I’ve f yur phne number. Culd yu please tell me again?
frgtten 【解析】句意:对不起,我忘记了你的电话号码,你能再告诉我一遍吗?
3.He (save)up abut 300 dllars already.
has saved 【解析】句意:他已经存了大约300美元了。本题考查动词的时态。由already可知应用现在完成时。
4.I have (be)scared f dgs ever since a dg hurt me when I was five years ld.
been 【解析】句意:自从五岁时一只狗弄伤我以后我一直害怕狗。本题考查动词时态。根据句意及ever since可知应用现在完成时,故设空处为过去分词形式。
5.I call her Ms Lin as I dn’t knw if she has m .
married 【解析】句意:我称呼她为Ms Lin, 因为我不知道她是否结婚了。本题考查现在完成时。设空处前的has是助动词,因此设空处应为过去分词形式。
高中知识衔接
高中阶段，时态方面的学习，要继续巩固初中所学的8种时态，并且还要学习到新的时态
知识一：将来进行时
将来进行时是由“shall/will+be+现在分词”构成的。用法如下：
1.表示将来某一时刻或某一时间正在进行的动作。如：
When yu get t the statin at nine tmrrw,yur uncle will be waiting fr yu there.你明天9:00到车站，你叔叔将在那儿等你。
I will be busy this evening.I will be writing an article.我今晚会很忙。我要写一篇文章。
2.表示按计划将要发生的动作。如：
I hpe yu will be cming n time.我希望你按时来。
经典例题
-Guess what,we've gt ur visas fr a shrt-term visit t the UK this summer.
-Hw nice!Yu a different culture then.
A.will be experiencingB.have experienced
C.have been experiencingD.will have experienced
【分析】由答句中的then可判断出应为将来时态。句意为：—猜猜看，我们已经得到了今年夏天去英国的短期签证。—太棒了，你到时候将会感受到不同的文化。
【解答】答案为A。
【归纳】将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语，此题中的then就是此类状语，是解题的关键所在。
知识二：过去完成时
过去完成时由had加动词的过去分词构成。表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。也可表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。
经典例题
My parents t wrk by the time I up.
A.began;getB.had begun;had gtC.had begun;gtD.began;gt
【分析】句意：我起床的时候，我父母已经开始工作了。by the time到……时候，从句一般用过去时，主句用过去完成时。
【解答】答案为C。
知识三：过去将来时
过去将来时通常由“wuld+动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。wuld可用于各人称，有时在第一人称中可用shuld。
经典例题
Li Ming said he happy if Brian t China next mnth.
A.was;cmeB.was:wuld cmeC.wuld be;cameD.will be;cme
【分析】if表示虚拟的情况，根据said,next mnth可以判断出Li Ming said后的整个句子是过去将来时态，所以主句用wuld be,从句用过去时came。
【解答】答案为C。
知识四：现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由have/has+been+现在分词构成。表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，动作可能刚刚完成，也可能正在进行，或者还将持续下去。如：
The Chinese have been making paper fr tw thusand years.中国有2O00年的造纸历史。(动作还将持续下去)
经典例题
Tm in the library every night ver the last three mnths.
A.wrksB.wrkedC.has been wrkingD.had been wrking
【分析】句意为：在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。题干中出现的ver the last three mnths是明显提示用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故选C。
【解答】答案为C。
【归纳】在时态考查中，时间状语往往是解题的着眼点。
知识五：一般将来时的特殊表达法：
be ging t+动词原形多用于口语中所有人称；含有“打算”“计划”“准备”“即将”做某事等意义，或表示很有可能要发生某事。如
Mr.Green's ging t buy a new car.格林先生打算买辆新车。
Dark cluds are gathering.It is ging t rain.乌云密布，要下雨了。
一般现在时表示已经安排或计划好的将来动作，常与be,cme,g,arrive,leave,start等
3.现在进行时可用来表示按计划即将发生的动作，多与表示移动的动词cme,g,arrive,leave,fly,start动词连用。
如：
He is leaving fr Lndn.他就要启程去伦敦。
They aren't cming.他们不来了。
4.be t+动词原形和be abut t+动词原形也表示将来。前者指“安排好的事”，后者指“即将发生的事”。如：
He is t leave fr Beijing tmrrw.他决定明天去北京。
The children are t learn English next week.孩子们下周要学习英语。
The train is abut t start.火车即将启动。
I was abut t leave when the telephne rang.我正要离开，电话响了。
经典例题一
The careless driver is fr the traffic accident that yesterday.
A.t blame;happenedB.t blame;was happened
C.t be blamed;was happenedD.t be blamed;happened
【分析】
此题就是用be+t d的形式表示的一般将来时的用法。解题时需要知道happen不能用于被动语态。
【解答】答案为A。
【归纳】有的词不能用于被动语态，如happen,seem,appear等。
知识六：现在进行时
现在进行时与always,all the time,again等词连用可以表示说话人赞叹或厌恶的思想感情。如：
He's always talking that way.他总是那样说话。（对他那样说话表示厌恶）
经典例题
Stella,yu things abut.Lk,what a mess in yur rm!
A.always thrw
C.are always thrwing
B.have always thrwn
D.have always been thrwing
【分析】句意为：斯蒂拉，你总是到处扔东西。看，你的房间一团糟。从后面一句可判断出，说话者有一种厌恶的情绪在里面。而四个选项中，能有此用法的是项。
【解答】答案为C。
思考总结
选择动词时态，一方面要熟练掌握各种时态的常见时间状语，另一方面要分析上下文，顾及前后句，在语言环境中寻找除时间以外的信息词或隐含信息，从而确定时态。可总结为以下4点：1.根据时间状语与时态的对应关系来确定时态；2.根据固定句型与动词时态的对应关系来确定时态；3.根据某些动词与时态的对应关系来确定时态；4.根据上下语境来确定时态。
随堂练习
一.单句填空
1.A representative wh (see) his perfrmance befre thught he culd replace anther star wh intended t leave.
【答案】had seen
2.It (be) a traditin since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stpped trading.
【答案】has been
3.Additinally, the kinds f facial make-up(脸谱) (be) the mst particular art in Peking pera.
【答案】are
4.It is said Lu Ban, wh lived in the Spring and Autumn Perid, (invent) the kite.
【答案】invented
5.Especially famus is the wall built in 220—206 BC. Little f that wall (remain).
【答案】remains
6.Accrding t the letter, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (help) t prmte “equality fr all children in the next generatin”.
【答案】will help
7.The humble man (refuse) an interview invitatin after becming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he shuld.
【答案】refused
8.Tea frm China, alng with her silk and prcelain (瓷器), began t be knwn t the wrld mre than a thusand years ag and since then it (be) an imprtant Chinese exprt.
【答案】has been
9.It (becme) separated frm Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC.
【答案】had becme
二.单句改错
10.Have yu ever been t Wuzhen?It is s beautiful a village that I had already visited it many times.
【答案】had→have
11.A farmer said the strm began early in the mrning and last ne hur.
【答案】last→lasted
12.The gal f the cncerts have always been abut yung peple helping ther yung peple t spread lve and kindness.
【答案】have→has
13.Bathed in sunshine, we jumped and cheer with jy.
【答案】cheer→cheered
三
Ocean pllutin 1 (be) serius. It can 2 (kill) cean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital t fcus n this issue and find ways t prevent pllutin in ur waters.
Pllutin in the ceans severely 3 (harm) sea creatures. Fr example, cean animals ften mistake pieces f plastic fr fd. As 4 result, their bellies 5 (fill) with plastic frm bttles, cntainers and beach tys. This can be deadly t the animals.
Ocean pllutin 6 (cause)risks t humans, t. Plluted water can result 7 disease amng swimmers. Als, peple eat fish which might 8 (pisn) with harmful chemicals frm il leaks and rubbish in sea water.
Sme peple may argue that cean pllutin is nt serius, believing that the ceans are s vast that they can absrb all kinds f pllutin. Hwever, the many examples f cean creatures killed by pllutin prve them wrng.
In 9 (cnclude), it’s clear that cean pllutin is a 10 (challenge)prblem. We need t learn mre abut hw t stp it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】
四
On the traditinal Chinese lunar calendar, a year 1 (divide) int 24 slar terms. The slar terms 2 (create) thusands f years ag t guide agricultural prductin.
White Dew (Bailu) is the 15th slar term and indicates the real beginning f cl autumn. The temperature 3 (decline) increasingly with the white dew n the grass and trees seen in the mrning. In many places f China, the air is clear, with the sky in great height and the cluds in peace. The gentle wind can ften 4 (feel)blwing.
Back in the ld days, gathering the white dew frm plants 5 (be)a Chinese traditin. Benca Gangmu, a Chinese herblgy dcument, written by Li Shizhen ver 400 years ag 6 (say)the white dew can 7 (use) as tea which 8 (taste) sweet with its pleasant smell and has cling effects n the bdy and keeps peple healthy.
In Suthern China, peple tend t eat lngans n 9 day. They believe the fruit can bring gd luck, make peple stay calm and cure sme typical cnditins.
Yu the Great was an admired ruler in ancient China,wh was famus fr cntrlling flds, his gvernance f the Xia Dynasty, and his mral character. When it cmes t White Dew every year, 10 (fisherman) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prvinces will hld a week-lng ceremny t hnr Yu the Great, hping he can bring them luck and wealth.
【答案】1.is divided 2.were created 3.declines 4.be felt 5.was 6.says 7.be used 8.tastes 9.the
10.fishermen
五
Designated a “City f Design”by UNESCO in 2008, Shenzhen was the first city in China t present 1 fficial strategy arund creative develpment. This led 2 the sudden and tremendus grwth f its up-and-cming industries. S far mdern platfrms 3 (take)the place f traditinal fcuses with a wider range f creative enterprises frm smart infrastructural cnstructin t design and rbts.
Shenzhen 4 (be) a castal city n the east bank f the Pearl River Harbr, separated frm Hng Kng by a natural river brder. It 5 (recgnise) as the yungest city f China. Thugh it 6 (have) a histry f 7,000 years, its true develpment didn't start until 1980 when China 7 (start) its refrm and pening plicy. With its energy f yuth, Shenzhen has develped at an incredible speed. After being designated as the 8 (ne) special ecnmic zne in China, what was nce a fishing village has 9 (rapid) becme an emerging mdern city. In the past 30 years, it 10 (change) frm a nameless fish twn t ne f the mst prsperus cities in China. Tday, Shenzhen's speed has gathered internatinal influence.
【答案】1.an 2.t 3.have taken 4.is 5.is recgnised 6.has 7.started 8.first 9.rapidly
10.has changed
六
Nw I'd like t tell yu smething that takes place in my schl yesterday afternn. We had held a grwn-up ceremny fr ur cming 18-year-ld birthday. At first we made an prmise that as grwn-ups we shuld had a sense f duty fr ur sciety frm nw n. Then we expressed ur thanks t ur parents, wh have gne thrugh hardships t bring us up, and t ur teachers wh had been educated us patiently. And ur teachers als gave us card expressing their gd wishes. Finally we put n wnderfully perfrmances, singing and dancing. We learned a lt frm the activity. I think it is great imprtance fr us. I will never frgt that day in my life.
【答案】
Nw I'd like t tell yu smething that takestk❶ place in my schl yesterday afternn. We
❷ held a grwn-up ceremny fr ur cming 18-year-ld birthday. At first we made ana❸ prmise that as grwn-ups we shuld hadhave❹ a sense f duty fr ur sciety frm nw n. Then we expressed ur thanks t ur parents, wh havehad ❺ gne thrugh hardships t bring us up, and t ur teachers wh had
/educatededucating❻ us patiently. And ur teachers als gave us cardcards❼ expressing their gd wishes. Finally we put n wnderfullywnderful ❽ perfrmances, singing and dancing. We learned a lt frm the activity. I think it is ∧f ❾ great imprtance fr us. I will never frgtfrget❿ that day in my life.
七
Miss Zhang is ne f my mst favrite teachers. She had a slim build and always ties her hair in a pnytail. She is 35, but she lk quite yung fr her age. What impresses me mst are Miss Zhang's way f teaching. She devte herself t teaching and prepares well fr every class. Nt nly did she help us t understand “what”, but she explres “why”. She encurages us t think independent and have discussins amng urselves when we faced with prblems. She is such a inspiring persn with a strng sense f respnsibility, and we all respect and admired her.
【答案】
Miss Zhang is ne f my
❶ favrite teachers. She hadhas❷ a slim build and always ties her hair in a pnytail. She is 35, but she lklks❸ quite yung fr her age. What impresses me mst areis❹ Miss Zhang's way f teaching. She devtedevtes❺ herself t teaching and prepares well fr every class. Nt nly diddes❻ she help us t understand “what”, but she explres “why”. She encurages us t think independentindependently❼ and have discussins amng urselves when we ∧are❽ faced with prblems. She is such aan❾ inspiring persn with a strng sense f respnsibility, and we all respect and admiredadmire❿ her.
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