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【精品同步练习】译林版英语八年级复习Unit 7 单元知识点详解（带答案）
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这是一份【精品同步练习】译林版英语八年级复习Unit 7 单元知识点详解（带答案），共13页。
8A Unit 7 单元知识解析Comic strip~1. Bring me my clothes, Hobo霍波，把我的衣服拿来。(教材第80页)bring及物动词，意为“带来”。bring后可接双宾语，即bring sb. sth = bring sth. to sb,意为“把某物带给某人”。Li Lei, can you bring your model plane to school tomorrow?李雷，明天你能把你的飞机模型带到学校来吗?辨析：bring与takebring带来,指将某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人所在的地方take带走,指把某人或某物从说话人所，在的地方带到别的地方You'd better bring your new computer here tomorrow. 明天你最好把你的新电脑带到这儿来。注意：bring带来；拿来(站在”说话者”的角度，由远及近)take带走；(站在“说话者”的角度，由近及远)2. I bet you will look cool and feel cool with nothing on!我敢说你什么都不穿看上去会很酷而且感觉凉爽! (教材第80页)(1)bet此处用作动词，意为“打赌:敢说”,其后可跟宾语从句。Ibet that he will win the match.我敢说，他会赢得这场比赛。I’llbet you (that)he knows all about it.我敢和你说，他了解一切。(2)cool句中第一个cool是形容词，意为“酷的；棒的”；句中第二个col也是形容词，意为“凉爽的；凉快的”。Mr Green looks cool in a red T-shirt.格林先生穿着红色T恤看起来很酷。It's hot in summer and it's cool in autumn.夏天炎热,秋天凉爽。[拓展]①cool作形容词时，还可意为“冷静的”。Mr Wang stayed cool and took a photo of this snake with his mobile phone.王先生保持冷静，并且用手机给这条蛇拍了一张照片。②cool还可用作动词，意为“冷却:使变凉”。Let your tea cool a little before you drink it.让茶凉一凉再喝。(3)nothing不定代词，意为“没有什么”。表示否定意义，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；形容词修饰不定代词时应置于其后。Nothing is in the bag. It's empty.没有东西在袋子里，它是空的。There is nothing interesting in today's newspaper.今天的报纸上没有有趣的事情。[拓展]表示事物的不定代词还有：something意为“某事，某物”，常用于肯定句中，也可用于表示建议或请求等的问句中，指希望得到对方的肯定回答； anything意为“某事，某物”，常用于否定句或疑问句中，也可以表示“任何东西”，用于肯定句中； everything意为“每件事，一切”。Something is wrong with his bike.他的自行车出毛病了。Would you like something to drink?你想喝点儿东西吗?Welcome to the unit1. snowy 有雪的(教材第81页)snowy形容词，意为“有雪的"，是由”名词snow+后级y”构成的形容词。由名词加后缀-y构成形容词是英语构词法中的一种。It will be snowy in Beijing tomorrow.明天北京将有雪。常见的表示天气的形容词cloudy rainy sunny snowy windy多云的 有雨的 晴朗的 有雪的 多风的 风大的2. Which season do you like best, Simon?西蒙，你最喜欢哪一个季节? (教材第81页)which此处用作形容词， 意为“哪一个；哪一些”，常用作定语。---Which class are you in?你在哪一个班?---In Class Two.二班。[拓展] which还可用作疑问代词，意为“哪一个，哪些”。位于句首，引导特殊疑问句。Which do you like, coffee or tea?咖啡和茶，你喜欢哪一个?It’s the best tine to play football outside那是在户外踢足球的最好时间。(教材第81页)It's the best time to do sth. 意为“那/这是做某事的最好时间”，还可以表述成“It's the best time for ( doing) sth.It's the best time to show our best wishes to eachother.=It's the best time for showing our best wishes to each other.这是向彼此表达最好祝愿的最佳时机。4. Which is your favourite season?你最喜欢哪一个季节? (教材第81页)(1) Which is yourfavourite..意为“你最喜欢...是哪一个?”，相当于“Which..do you like best?",用来询问“对方最欢的...是..。“Which is your favourite season?"相当于“Which season do you like best?"。Which is your favourite month? = Which month do you like best?你最喜欢的月份是几月?(2)favourite此处用作形 容词，意为“最喜欢的”，修饰名词。My favourite city is Beijing.我最喜欢的城市是北京。Red is her favourite colour.红色是她最喜欢的颜色。[拓展] favourite 还可用作名词，意为“最喜欢的人或物”Basketball is Lisa's favourite.篮球是莉萨最喜欢的运动。5.Summer is sohot.夏季那么热。(教材第81页)so 此处用作副词，意为“那么；非常”，修饰形容词或副词，一.般不修饰名词。当名词前有many, much, few, little (少的)修饰时，表示“那么”之意用so。Her daughter was so lovely.她的女儿那么可爱。There's so much water in the pool.池子里有那么多水。Reading1. Winter days are full of snow,冬天是雪的世界，(教材第82页)be fullof意为“装满”，,与be filled with同义。full形容词，意为“满的”，其反义词是empty(空的)。This bag is full of rice. =This bag is filled with rice.这个袋子里装满了大米。This bottle is full but that one is empty.这个瓶子是满的，但是那个瓶子是空的。2. And the birds fly far away鸟儿已飞远(教材第82页)(1)fly此处用作不及物动词，意为“飞；飞行”。fly的第三人称单数形式是flies,过去式是flew。Birds can fly with their wings.鸟儿能用翅膀飞行。I see a sparrow fly in the sky. 我看见一只麻雀在空中飞。[拓展]①fly还可用作及物动词，意为“使.....飞；放飞”。The children are flying kites in the park.孩子们正在公园里放风筝。②fly还可用作可数名词，意为“苍蝇”。There is afly on the table.桌子上有一只苍蝇。(2)far away意为 “遥远；在远处”。far away from意为“远离....”Tom lives far away.汤姆住得很远。Now far away in the woods,a bird is singing.这时远处的树林里，一只鸟儿在歌唱。The bus stop is far away from my school.公共汽车站离我的学校很远。注意：当表示“距某地具体多远”时，不用far awayfrom,应用“距离+awayfrom。The market is ten kilometers away frommy home.市场离我家10千米远。 3.To find a warm and sunny day.去寻找温暖、明媚的地方。(教材第82页)辨析：find, look for与find out三者都有“找”之意，其区别是:find 找到强调寻找的结果look for寻找强调 寻找的过程find out查 明；多指通过调查、询问、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”之意，多指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西I looked for her address everywhere, but I could not find it.我到处找她的地址，就是找不到它。Please find out when the chairperson will arrive.请查一下主席将什么时候到达。4.What a perfect time to fly a kite!那是放风筝的好时光! (教材第82页)what引导的感叹句本句是由what引导的感叹句。感叹句通常表示说话者的惊异、喜悦、气愤等感情。what引导的感叹句的结构为“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!”或“What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!”,其中主语和谓语可省略。What a beautiful feather!多么漂亮的羽毛啊!What interesting books these are!这些书是多么有趣啊!What heavy snowitis!多么大的雪啊![拓展] how引导的感叹句的结构为“How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!”。 How serious the problem is!这个问题多么严重啊!How clearly the speaker spoke!那个演讲者说得多么清楚呀!中考●链接______ fine weather it is! Let's go on a picnic! Whata B. What C. How D. How a解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。此句为感叹句，常见的感叹句结构有:①How+形容词或副词(+主语+谓语..)!②Whata/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语+..)!③What+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词(+主语+谓语...)!it is是主语和谓语，fine weather为“形容词+不可数名词”，符合感叹句的第③种结构，故选B。5. Then hide from the April showers.然后(它们)为避开四月的阵雨而躲藏。( 教材第82页)(1)hide此处用作动词， 意为“躲，藏”，其过去式是hid。hide from意为“躲避”，hide sth. from sb. 意为“藏起某物，使某人找不到”。The boy hid under the bed and his mother couldn't find him.那个男孩藏在了床底下，他妈妈找不到他。He hid himself in his bedroom.他自己躲在了卧室里。Jim tried to hide from his parents.吉姆尽力避开他的父母。Parents should hide medicine from their children.父母应藏起药不被孩子们找到。(2)shower此处用作可数 名词，意为“阵雨”。There was a shower yesterday.昨天下了场阵雨。[拓展]①shower还可用作不及物动词，意为“下阵雨”。It started to shower when I got home.我到家时开始下阵雨了。②shower用作可数名词，还可意为“淋浴”My father likes taking a shower every night.我父亲喜欢每晚洗淋浴。6. Those sweet memories of summer days那些夏日甜美的记忆(教材第82页)memory此处用作可数名词， 意为“记忆，回忆”，the memory of...‘.....的回忆”。He has lots of happy memories of his stay inFrance.他在法国逗留的那一段时光有许多愉快的回忆。(拓展]①memory用作名词时，还意为“记忆力；记性”He was born with a good memory.他天生记忆力很好。CanI improve my memory?我能提高我的记忆力吗?Then autumn leaves turn brown,秋天的树叶已泛黄，(教材第82页)(1)leaf可数名词，意为“树叶”，其复数形式为leaves。The leaves on the tree turn yellow.树上的叶子变黄了。助记巧记以f, fe结尾的名词变复数树叶(leaf)半(half)数自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮，架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf)，就像窃贼( thief)逃命(life)忙。(注:上述以f,fe结尾的名词变复数时,变f,fe为ves。)(2)turn 连系动词，意为“变得”。可用来表示颜色变化，后接表示颜色的形容词。Her face turned red at his words.听了他的话，她的脸变红了。[拓展]①turn用作连系动词，有时也表示温度的突然变化。It's cold in the morning, but turns very warm at noon.早上很冷，但是中午突然变得很暖和。②turn还可用作动词,意为“转向，转弯,(使)变为”Turn left, and you can see a hospital in front of you.向左拐，你就能看到你前面有一家医院。③turn的相关短语有:turn on打开 turn off关闭 turn up(把音量等)调高turn down (把音量等)调低 turn into变成 turn round/around转身④turn用作可数名词，意为“次序，轮流"。It is your turn to clean the room. The轮到你打扫房间了。8. Fall into piles upon the ground. 一堆一堆地落到地上。(教材第82页)(1)fall 不及物动词，意为“落，降落，下落”。fall的过去式是fell。fall into"落入，掉进”。Leaves fall from the tree.叶子从树上落下。Suddenly, a boy fell into water.突然，一个男孩掉进了水里。[拓展] fall 作不及物动词时，还有以下含义:①意为“降临；来临"。His birthday falls on Sunday this year.今年他的生日恰逢星期天。②意为“跌倒”。常见短语有：fall down“摔倒；倒塌”；fall over*摔倒”；(2)pile可数名词， 意为“堆”，表示”.堆...用apile of...She put a pile of litters in the drawer.她把一堆信放在抽屉里。[拓展] pile 还可用作及物动词，意为“堆起”He piled a lot of books.他把许多书堆起来。(3) upon 介词，意为“....上”，与on同义。I saw leaves on the tree fall upon the ground.我看见树上的叶子落到地上。辨析 upon与on①相同点:在表示位置，意为“....”时upon与on一般可通用。②不同点:a.在表示日期时，一般只用on,不用upon。on Sunday在周日on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨b.在一些习语中,upon与on不能互换。once upon a time从前c.在句末或分句末的动词不定式后，多用upon,不用on。The old man has nobody to depend upon.那位老人无人依靠。d.口语中用on较多。9. Farmers work to harvest crops,农民们收获庄稼忙，(教材第82页)harvest此处用作 及物动词，意为“收割，收获”。Can you help us harvest rice?你们能帮我们收割稻米吗?[拓展] harvest 还可用作名词，意为“收获；收成；收获季节”The farmers are busy with the harvest.农民们正忙着收获。During the harvest，what do they often do?在收获季节，他们经常做什么?10. As the days are shorter and the temperature drops.随着白天变短，温度也下降。( 教材第82页)(1)as 此处用作连词，意为“.....的时候；随着”，引导时间状语从句。Anna read the letter as she walked along the river.安娜一边沿着河走，一边读那封信。[拓展] as用作连词时，可以表示方式，意为“按照，如同”；还可表示原因，意为“由于，鉴于”。I'm sure she'll do as you say.我保证她会按你说的去做。(as 表示方式)As we're students, we must listen to the teacher.由于我们是学生，所以我们必须听老师的。(as表示原因)(2)drop此处用作不及物动词， 意为“下降；落下；掉下”。Temperatures can drop suddenly at night, so bring some warm clothes.夜里气温会突然下降，所以要拿些暖和的衣服。The leaves on the tree begin to drop.树上的叶子开始往下落。[拓展]①drop还可用作及物动词，意为“使落下；投下”。Kate dropped the teapot. 凯特把茶壶弄掉了。②drop还可用作名词，意为“下降，降落”,常用 三单数形式。 There was a sudden drop in the temperature yesterday afternoon.昨天下午突然降温了。③与drop相关的短语有：drop behind落后 drop into进入；陷入The leaves turn green and the temperature rises quickly.树叶变绿而且温度迅速上升。(教材第84页)rise不及物动词， 意为“上升；升高”，指从低处向上移动，可指潮水的上涨、温度的上升、价格的上涨等。The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。The river rose after the rain.河水在雨后涨了起来。辨析:rise与raise两者都有“上升”“提高”之意，其区别是：rise 不及物动词,过去式是rose,主语自行上升，主语通常是物raise及物动词 ,过去式 是raised,主语使宾语上升，宾语被动上升，主语通常是人When summer comes, the temperature will rise dayafterday.夏天来临的时候，气温会一天天升高。Don't raise your voice to me.不要对我大声嚷嚷。If you have any question in class, you may raise your hand.如果课堂上你有问题，你可以举手。12.It is often very cold and the temperature can drop below zero.天气经常很冷，而且温度会降到零度以下。(教材第 84页)辨析：below与under两者都意为“....下面"，但用法有别。below 指处于比某物低的位置，不一定在某物的正下方 反义词是aboveunder指处于某物的正下方 反义词是overWrite your name below the line.在线下写上你的名字。The temperature is below freezing.温度低于冰点。He stood underatree.他站在树下。The cat was under the table猫在桌子底下。Farmers are busy harvesting crops. 农民们忙着收获庄稼。(教材第84 页)be busy doing sth.意为“忙于 做某事”。Bebusy with sth.意为“忙于某事”。The students are busy describing their favourite food.学生们正忙着描述他们最喜欢吃的食物。The children are busy with the competition.孩子们正忙着比赛。中考·链接The workers are busy_________windows to thenew building these days.A. fix B. fixed C. fixing D. to fixbe busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事"句意:这些天天工人们正忙着安装新楼的窗户。答案:CIntegrated skills1. The temperature will be around 9℃ during the day and 4℃ atnight. 白天温度大约是9℃，晚上是4℃。(教材第87页)around 副词，意为“大约”，与about同义。We reached Beijing at around/about eight o’clockin the morning.我们是在早上大约八点钟到达北京的。[拓展] around还可用作介词，意为“.....周围；到处”。The children are eating around the table.孩子们正围着桌子吃饭。I like travelling around the world.我喜欢环球旅行。2. Sunshine and blue skies will stay with us for therest of the week.阳光和蓝天将伴随我们度过这一周的未来几天。(教材第87页)rest名词， 意为“其余的部分(人)”。the restof意为“其余....其他....，后接名词或代词。当其在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与of后的名词保持一致。若of后为不可数名词、可数名词的单数形式或单数意义的代词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若of后为可数名词复数或复数意义的代词，则谓语动词用复数形式。The rest of the money is on the desk.剩下的钱在桌子上。Some of the students are reading in the classroom.The rest of them are on the playground.一部分学生在教室里读书，剩余的在操场上。3.There will be a few showers today.今天会有阵雨.... (教材第87页)There will be..意为.....将有...，Therebe结构的一般将来时。There be结构的一般将来时还可表示为“There is/are going to be.."”其中,用is还是are取决于be后的名词。There will be a football match on TV tomorrow evening.明天晚上电视上将有一场足球比赛。4.How's the weather in Nanjing?南京的天气怎么样?(教材第88页)(1)How is the weather?意为 “天气怎么样?”，是用来询问天气的常用句型，也可以用“What's theweather like?"提问天气，两者意思相同。若是询问某地的天气情况，后面往往跟"in+地点名词”。回答时可用“It/The weather is+表示天气的形容词”。---How is the weather today?/What's the weatherlike today?今天天气怎么样?---It'sverycold. (今天)天气很冷。(2) weather是不可数名词，意为“天气”。good/bad weather好天气/坏天气 weather forecast天气预报，气象预报weather map气象图 weather station气象局5.This is Aunt Jane speaking我是简姑姑。(教材第88页)电话用语常见的电话用语有:①请某人接电话的日常用语:Hello! May/Could I speak t...你好，请....接电话好吗?Hello! Is..in?你好，....在. 吗?Is that.. ( speaking)? .....吗?②接电话人的应答语: Hello! This is... (speaking).你好，我是.....③告诉对方找的人不在，“请稍等”的用语: Hold on ( for a moment)，please.请稍等。④用于表示对方找的人不在、请对方留言的用语:He/She isn't here at the moment.他/她现在不在这儿。Sorry, he/she is out.对不起，他/她出去了。Can I take a message for you?我可以给你捎个口信吗?6.It's a bit cold and dry..有点儿冷，也有点儿干燥...教材第88页)abit意为“有点儿”， 修饰形容词或副词及其比较级，与a little同义。不同的是,a little可直接修饰不可数名词，而abit不能，需要在abit后加of才能修饰不可数名词。His bedroom is a bit/a little dirty.他的卧室有点儿脏。There's a bit of/a little water in the glass.杯子里有点儿水。 [拓展] a bit和a little在否定句中的意思正好相反，notabit表示“一点儿也不”，与not at all同义，而notalittle相当于verymuch,意为“非常”。She isn't a bit tired.她一点儿也不累。She isn't a little tired.她很累。7. The wind is blowing hard.风刮得很大。( 教材第88页)blow 此处用作不及物动词，意为“吹，刮”。其过去式是blew。Listen! How hard the wind is blowing!听!风刮得多么大呀![拓展] blow还可用作及物动词，意为"吹，刮”。blow out意为“吹灭”The woman blew the dust off the shelf.那个女子把架子，上的灰尘吹掉了。The boy made a wish and blew out the candles.男孩许了个愿，然后吹灭了蜡烛。8.Cany ou speak louder please?你能大点声说吗?(教材第88页)loud此处用作副词，意为“大声地”，常用来修饰动词，多与speak, talk, laugh, sing等连用。Don't speak so loud.别那么大声讲话。9. I’ll ring you later.稍后我会再给你打电话的。(教材第88页)ring及物动词， 意为“...打电话”。ring up也意为....打电话"。 Please ring the doctor (up).请给医生打个电话。[拓展]①ring还可用作不及物动词，意为“响起铃声”。Listen! The phone is ringing. Please go to answerit.听!电话响了。请去接一下。②ring还可用作可数名词，意为“铃声；戒指”。Can you hear the ring at the doorbell?你能听到门铃声吗?Look at the ring on the ground. It's shining.看地上的戒指。它在发光呢。Task1. It is very cold and everyone has to wear thick warm clothes..天很冷,大家都必须穿上厚厚的、暖和的衣..... (教材第90页)everyone 不定代词,意为“每人；人人”,在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Everyone is here. Let's start to work.大家都到了。咱们开始工作吧。辨析:everyone与every one①everyone是不定代词，只能指人，其后不能跟of引起的短语；every one既可指人也可指物，后面可跟of引起的短语。②二者作主语时，谓语动词都用单数形式。Everyone likes him.大家都喜欢他。Every one of the apples in the basket was bad.篮子里的苹果都坏了。2. Everything is covered in deep whites now, and the lakes and rivers are frozen. 一切都覆盖着厚厚的白雪湖泊和河流都结冰了。(教材第90页)be covered in 是被动语态结构，意为“被.....掩埋，...填满”。 类似结构还有：be coveredwith ( ...覆盖)。The knife was covered in blood.刀子上沾满了血。deep形容词， 意为“深的"，可在句中作定语或表语。Don't go into the deep water if you can't swim.如果不会游泳，你就不要到深水去。[拓展] deep还可用于数字后，表示......”。The water is five feet deep.这水有5英尺深。3. During this season, you cannot see beautiful flowers or green trees，but the land is quiet and beautiful.在这个季节，你看不到美丽的花或绿树，但是大地是那么安宁而美丽。(教材第90页)land不可数名词， 意为“陆地”。on land“在陆地上”。They can't live on land.它们不能在陆地上生存。[拓展] land 还可用作动词，意为“着陆；登陆；(使)降落”。The plane will land in 10 minutes.飞机将在10分钟后降落。The pilot landed the plane safely.飞行员使飞机安全地降落了.4. It is exciting to have big snowball fights.用大的雪球打(雪)仗令人兴奋。(教材第90页)辨析：exciting与excitedexciting令人兴奋的指事物本身含有令人兴奋的因素，通常用来修饰物，在句中作表语或定语excited感到兴奋的指人对事物感到兴奋，通常用来修饰人，在句中常作表语。be excited about对....感到兴奋”；be excited to do sth.“对做某事感到兴奋”一言辨异He is excited about the exciting news.他对这个令人激动的消息感到兴奋。5. We throw snowballs at each other，screaming and laughing.我们朝彼此身上扔雪球，尖叫着、大笑着。(教材第90页)(1)throw..at...意 为“....投.掷...”。throw 用作及物动词，意为“投；掷”，后面可以接双宾语，即throw sb. sth. throw sth. tosb.“向某人扔某物”。throw 的过去式为threw。Lisa threw a piece of paper at me. 莉萨扔给我一张纸条。He threw me a ball. = He threw a ball to me.他扔给我一- 个球。(2)现在分词作伴随状语screaming and laughing是现在分词，在句中用作状语，表示伴随动作。The girl rode to the park, singing happily all the way.女孩骑车去公园，一路上开心地唱着歌。(3)scream此处用作动词， 意为“尖叫；惊呼”。She screamed for help.她尖声喊救命。“Help!" she screamed.“救命!”她喊道。[拓展scream还可用作可数名词，意为“尖叫声”。a scream of pain痛苦的尖叫声辨析scream, shout与cry三者均表示“大声叫；喊”，但含义有区别:①scream.表示因恐惧、痛苦等原因引起的情不自禁的“尖叫”。She hit her foot on a stone and screamed inpain. 她的脚撞上了一块石头，她痛得大叫。②shout表示为让对方听见而故意“大声叫；喊”Don't shout like that. I can hear you.不用那样喊，我能听见你(说话)。③cry表示“喊；叫；哭”，常含有感情色彩。The baby cried for candy.这个婴儿哭喊着要糖吃。6.We also make snowmen and use carrots for their noses.我们也堆雪人，并用胡萝卜给它们当鼻子。(教材第90页)use sth. for...意为 “用某物来.... ,其中 for是介词，表明宾语的用途，其后接名词、代词或v. -ing形式。We use our computers for study.我们用我们的电脑学习。We use pens for writing.我们用钢笔写字。[拓展] use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”。We use knives to cut apples.我们用刀子切苹果。Grammar（一）英语五种基本句型基本句型一：主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个名词或者形容词,才能表达完整的意思.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化.be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典.2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的味道很好.3. His face turned red. 他的脸红了4. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了.基本句型二：主+谓(不及物动词)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等.1. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利.2.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 3. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时.基本句型三：主+谓(及物)+宾 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.1. Whoknowsthe answer？ 谁知道答案？ 2. Heenjoysreading. 他喜欢看书.3. My sisteris writinga letter at this moment. 我妹妹此刻正在写一封信。基本句型四：主+谓(及物)+间接宾语+直接宾语 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思. 最常见接双宾语的动词：give, lend, offer, show, tell, buy, choose, bring, get, leave, make , 1.He gavemea book 他给了我一本书。2. Heboughtyoua dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.3. Heshowedmehow to run the machine. 他教我开机器.基本句型五：主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.1. They paintedthe door green. 他们把门漆成绿色.2. They foundthe house clean.他们发现那房子很3. He asked me to come back soon.他要我早点回来.4.I heard himsinging a song in the next room.
8A Unit 7 单元知识解析Comic strip~1. Bring me my clothes, Hobo霍波，把我的衣服拿来。(教材第80页)bring及物动词，意为“带来”。bring后可接双宾语，即bring sb. sth = bring sth. to sb,意为“把某物带给某人”。Li Lei, can you bring your model plane to school tomorrow?李雷，明天你能把你的飞机模型带到学校来吗?辨析：bring与takebring带来,指将某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人所在的地方take带走,指把某人或某物从说话人所，在的地方带到别的地方You'd better bring your new computer here tomorrow. 明天你最好把你的新电脑带到这儿来。注意：bring带来；拿来(站在”说话者”的角度，由远及近)take带走；(站在“说话者”的角度，由近及远)2. I bet you will look cool and feel cool with nothing on!我敢说你什么都不穿看上去会很酷而且感觉凉爽! (教材第80页)(1)bet此处用作动词，意为“打赌:敢说”,其后可跟宾语从句。Ibet that he will win the match.我敢说，他会赢得这场比赛。I’llbet you (that)he knows all about it.我敢和你说，他了解一切。(2)cool句中第一个cool是形容词，意为“酷的；棒的”；句中第二个col也是形容词，意为“凉爽的；凉快的”。Mr Green looks cool in a red T-shirt.格林先生穿着红色T恤看起来很酷。It's hot in summer and it's cool in autumn.夏天炎热,秋天凉爽。[拓展]①cool作形容词时，还可意为“冷静的”。Mr Wang stayed cool and took a photo of this snake with his mobile phone.王先生保持冷静，并且用手机给这条蛇拍了一张照片。②cool还可用作动词，意为“冷却:使变凉”。Let your tea cool a little before you drink it.让茶凉一凉再喝。(3)nothing不定代词，意为“没有什么”。表示否定意义，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；形容词修饰不定代词时应置于其后。Nothing is in the bag. It's empty.没有东西在袋子里，它是空的。There is nothing interesting in today's newspaper.今天的报纸上没有有趣的事情。[拓展]表示事物的不定代词还有：something意为“某事，某物”，常用于肯定句中，也可用于表示建议或请求等的问句中，指希望得到对方的肯定回答； anything意为“某事，某物”，常用于否定句或疑问句中，也可以表示“任何东西”，用于肯定句中； everything意为“每件事，一切”。Something is wrong with his bike.他的自行车出毛病了。Would you like something to drink?你想喝点儿东西吗?Welcome to the unit1. snowy 有雪的(教材第81页)snowy形容词，意为“有雪的"，是由”名词snow+后级y”构成的形容词。由名词加后缀-y构成形容词是英语构词法中的一种。It will be snowy in Beijing tomorrow.明天北京将有雪。常见的表示天气的形容词cloudy rainy sunny snowy windy多云的 有雨的 晴朗的 有雪的 多风的 风大的2. Which season do you like best, Simon?西蒙，你最喜欢哪一个季节? (教材第81页)which此处用作形容词， 意为“哪一个；哪一些”，常用作定语。---Which class are you in?你在哪一个班?---In Class Two.二班。[拓展] which还可用作疑问代词，意为“哪一个，哪些”。位于句首，引导特殊疑问句。Which do you like, coffee or tea?咖啡和茶，你喜欢哪一个?It’s the best tine to play football outside那是在户外踢足球的最好时间。(教材第81页)It's the best time to do sth. 意为“那/这是做某事的最好时间”，还可以表述成“It's the best time for ( doing) sth.It's the best time to show our best wishes to eachother.=It's the best time for showing our best wishes to each other.这是向彼此表达最好祝愿的最佳时机。4. Which is your favourite season?你最喜欢哪一个季节? (教材第81页)(1) Which is yourfavourite..意为“你最喜欢...是哪一个?”，相当于“Which..do you like best?",用来询问“对方最欢的...是..。“Which is your favourite season?"相当于“Which season do you like best?"。Which is your favourite month? = Which month do you like best?你最喜欢的月份是几月?(2)favourite此处用作形 容词，意为“最喜欢的”，修饰名词。My favourite city is Beijing.我最喜欢的城市是北京。Red is her favourite colour.红色是她最喜欢的颜色。[拓展] favourite 还可用作名词，意为“最喜欢的人或物”Basketball is Lisa's favourite.篮球是莉萨最喜欢的运动。5.Summer is sohot.夏季那么热。(教材第81页)so 此处用作副词，意为“那么；非常”，修饰形容词或副词，一.般不修饰名词。当名词前有many, much, few, little (少的)修饰时，表示“那么”之意用so。Her daughter was so lovely.她的女儿那么可爱。There's so much water in the pool.池子里有那么多水。Reading1. Winter days are full of snow,冬天是雪的世界，(教材第82页)be fullof意为“装满”，,与be filled with同义。full形容词，意为“满的”，其反义词是empty(空的)。This bag is full of rice. =This bag is filled with rice.这个袋子里装满了大米。This bottle is full but that one is empty.这个瓶子是满的，但是那个瓶子是空的。2. And the birds fly far away鸟儿已飞远(教材第82页)(1)fly此处用作不及物动词，意为“飞；飞行”。fly的第三人称单数形式是flies,过去式是flew。Birds can fly with their wings.鸟儿能用翅膀飞行。I see a sparrow fly in the sky. 我看见一只麻雀在空中飞。[拓展]①fly还可用作及物动词，意为“使.....飞；放飞”。The children are flying kites in the park.孩子们正在公园里放风筝。②fly还可用作可数名词，意为“苍蝇”。There is afly on the table.桌子上有一只苍蝇。(2)far away意为 “遥远；在远处”。far away from意为“远离....”Tom lives far away.汤姆住得很远。Now far away in the woods,a bird is singing.这时远处的树林里，一只鸟儿在歌唱。The bus stop is far away from my school.公共汽车站离我的学校很远。注意：当表示“距某地具体多远”时，不用far awayfrom,应用“距离+awayfrom。The market is ten kilometers away frommy home.市场离我家10千米远。 3.To find a warm and sunny day.去寻找温暖、明媚的地方。(教材第82页)辨析：find, look for与find out三者都有“找”之意，其区别是:find 找到强调寻找的结果look for寻找强调 寻找的过程find out查 明；多指通过调查、询问、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”之意，多指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西I looked for her address everywhere, but I could not find it.我到处找她的地址，就是找不到它。Please find out when the chairperson will arrive.请查一下主席将什么时候到达。4.What a perfect time to fly a kite!那是放风筝的好时光! (教材第82页)what引导的感叹句本句是由what引导的感叹句。感叹句通常表示说话者的惊异、喜悦、气愤等感情。what引导的感叹句的结构为“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!”或“What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!”,其中主语和谓语可省略。What a beautiful feather!多么漂亮的羽毛啊!What interesting books these are!这些书是多么有趣啊!What heavy snowitis!多么大的雪啊![拓展] how引导的感叹句的结构为“How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!”。 How serious the problem is!这个问题多么严重啊!How clearly the speaker spoke!那个演讲者说得多么清楚呀!中考●链接______ fine weather it is! Let's go on a picnic! Whata B. What C. How D. How a解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。此句为感叹句，常见的感叹句结构有:①How+形容词或副词(+主语+谓语..)!②Whata/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语+..)!③What+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词(+主语+谓语...)!it is是主语和谓语，fine weather为“形容词+不可数名词”，符合感叹句的第③种结构，故选B。5. Then hide from the April showers.然后(它们)为避开四月的阵雨而躲藏。( 教材第82页)(1)hide此处用作动词， 意为“躲，藏”，其过去式是hid。hide from意为“躲避”，hide sth. from sb. 意为“藏起某物，使某人找不到”。The boy hid under the bed and his mother couldn't find him.那个男孩藏在了床底下，他妈妈找不到他。He hid himself in his bedroom.他自己躲在了卧室里。Jim tried to hide from his parents.吉姆尽力避开他的父母。Parents should hide medicine from their children.父母应藏起药不被孩子们找到。(2)shower此处用作可数 名词，意为“阵雨”。There was a shower yesterday.昨天下了场阵雨。[拓展]①shower还可用作不及物动词，意为“下阵雨”。It started to shower when I got home.我到家时开始下阵雨了。②shower用作可数名词，还可意为“淋浴”My father likes taking a shower every night.我父亲喜欢每晚洗淋浴。6. Those sweet memories of summer days那些夏日甜美的记忆(教材第82页)memory此处用作可数名词， 意为“记忆，回忆”，the memory of...‘.....的回忆”。He has lots of happy memories of his stay inFrance.他在法国逗留的那一段时光有许多愉快的回忆。(拓展]①memory用作名词时，还意为“记忆力；记性”He was born with a good memory.他天生记忆力很好。CanI improve my memory?我能提高我的记忆力吗?Then autumn leaves turn brown,秋天的树叶已泛黄，(教材第82页)(1)leaf可数名词，意为“树叶”，其复数形式为leaves。The leaves on the tree turn yellow.树上的叶子变黄了。助记巧记以f, fe结尾的名词变复数树叶(leaf)半(half)数自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮，架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf)，就像窃贼( thief)逃命(life)忙。(注:上述以f,fe结尾的名词变复数时,变f,fe为ves。)(2)turn 连系动词，意为“变得”。可用来表示颜色变化，后接表示颜色的形容词。Her face turned red at his words.听了他的话，她的脸变红了。[拓展]①turn用作连系动词，有时也表示温度的突然变化。It's cold in the morning, but turns very warm at noon.早上很冷，但是中午突然变得很暖和。②turn还可用作动词,意为“转向，转弯,(使)变为”Turn left, and you can see a hospital in front of you.向左拐，你就能看到你前面有一家医院。③turn的相关短语有:turn on打开 turn off关闭 turn up(把音量等)调高turn down (把音量等)调低 turn into变成 turn round/around转身④turn用作可数名词，意为“次序，轮流"。It is your turn to clean the room. The轮到你打扫房间了。8. Fall into piles upon the ground. 一堆一堆地落到地上。(教材第82页)(1)fall 不及物动词，意为“落，降落，下落”。fall的过去式是fell。fall into"落入，掉进”。Leaves fall from the tree.叶子从树上落下。Suddenly, a boy fell into water.突然，一个男孩掉进了水里。[拓展] fall 作不及物动词时，还有以下含义:①意为“降临；来临"。His birthday falls on Sunday this year.今年他的生日恰逢星期天。②意为“跌倒”。常见短语有：fall down“摔倒；倒塌”；fall over*摔倒”；(2)pile可数名词， 意为“堆”，表示”.堆...用apile of...She put a pile of litters in the drawer.她把一堆信放在抽屉里。[拓展] pile 还可用作及物动词，意为“堆起”He piled a lot of books.他把许多书堆起来。(3) upon 介词，意为“....上”，与on同义。I saw leaves on the tree fall upon the ground.我看见树上的叶子落到地上。辨析 upon与on①相同点:在表示位置，意为“....”时upon与on一般可通用。②不同点:a.在表示日期时，一般只用on,不用upon。on Sunday在周日on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨b.在一些习语中,upon与on不能互换。once upon a time从前c.在句末或分句末的动词不定式后，多用upon,不用on。The old man has nobody to depend upon.那位老人无人依靠。d.口语中用on较多。9. Farmers work to harvest crops,农民们收获庄稼忙，(教材第82页)harvest此处用作 及物动词，意为“收割，收获”。Can you help us harvest rice?你们能帮我们收割稻米吗?[拓展] harvest 还可用作名词，意为“收获；收成；收获季节”The farmers are busy with the harvest.农民们正忙着收获。During the harvest，what do they often do?在收获季节，他们经常做什么?10. As the days are shorter and the temperature drops.随着白天变短，温度也下降。( 教材第82页)(1)as 此处用作连词，意为“.....的时候；随着”，引导时间状语从句。Anna read the letter as she walked along the river.安娜一边沿着河走，一边读那封信。[拓展] as用作连词时，可以表示方式，意为“按照，如同”；还可表示原因，意为“由于，鉴于”。I'm sure she'll do as you say.我保证她会按你说的去做。(as 表示方式)As we're students, we must listen to the teacher.由于我们是学生，所以我们必须听老师的。(as表示原因)(2)drop此处用作不及物动词， 意为“下降；落下；掉下”。Temperatures can drop suddenly at night, so bring some warm clothes.夜里气温会突然下降，所以要拿些暖和的衣服。The leaves on the tree begin to drop.树上的叶子开始往下落。[拓展]①drop还可用作及物动词，意为“使落下；投下”。Kate dropped the teapot. 凯特把茶壶弄掉了。②drop还可用作名词，意为“下降，降落”,常用 三单数形式。 There was a sudden drop in the temperature yesterday afternoon.昨天下午突然降温了。③与drop相关的短语有：drop behind落后 drop into进入；陷入The leaves turn green and the temperature rises quickly.树叶变绿而且温度迅速上升。(教材第84页)rise不及物动词， 意为“上升；升高”，指从低处向上移动，可指潮水的上涨、温度的上升、价格的上涨等。The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。The river rose after the rain.河水在雨后涨了起来。辨析:rise与raise两者都有“上升”“提高”之意，其区别是：rise 不及物动词,过去式是rose,主语自行上升，主语通常是物raise及物动词 ,过去式 是raised,主语使宾语上升，宾语被动上升，主语通常是人When summer comes, the temperature will rise dayafterday.夏天来临的时候，气温会一天天升高。Don't raise your voice to me.不要对我大声嚷嚷。If you have any question in class, you may raise your hand.如果课堂上你有问题，你可以举手。12.It is often very cold and the temperature can drop below zero.天气经常很冷，而且温度会降到零度以下。(教材第 84页)辨析：below与under两者都意为“....下面"，但用法有别。below 指处于比某物低的位置，不一定在某物的正下方 反义词是aboveunder指处于某物的正下方 反义词是overWrite your name below the line.在线下写上你的名字。The temperature is below freezing.温度低于冰点。He stood underatree.他站在树下。The cat was under the table猫在桌子底下。Farmers are busy harvesting crops. 农民们忙着收获庄稼。(教材第84 页)be busy doing sth.意为“忙于 做某事”。Bebusy with sth.意为“忙于某事”。The students are busy describing their favourite food.学生们正忙着描述他们最喜欢吃的食物。The children are busy with the competition.孩子们正忙着比赛。中考·链接The workers are busy_________windows to thenew building these days.A. fix B. fixed C. fixing D. to fixbe busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事"句意:这些天天工人们正忙着安装新楼的窗户。答案:CIntegrated skills1. The temperature will be around 9℃ during the day and 4℃ atnight. 白天温度大约是9℃，晚上是4℃。(教材第87页)around 副词，意为“大约”，与about同义。We reached Beijing at around/about eight o’clockin the morning.我们是在早上大约八点钟到达北京的。[拓展] around还可用作介词，意为“.....周围；到处”。The children are eating around the table.孩子们正围着桌子吃饭。I like travelling around the world.我喜欢环球旅行。2. Sunshine and blue skies will stay with us for therest of the week.阳光和蓝天将伴随我们度过这一周的未来几天。(教材第87页)rest名词， 意为“其余的部分(人)”。the restof意为“其余....其他....，后接名词或代词。当其在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与of后的名词保持一致。若of后为不可数名词、可数名词的单数形式或单数意义的代词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若of后为可数名词复数或复数意义的代词，则谓语动词用复数形式。The rest of the money is on the desk.剩下的钱在桌子上。Some of the students are reading in the classroom.The rest of them are on the playground.一部分学生在教室里读书，剩余的在操场上。3.There will be a few showers today.今天会有阵雨.... (教材第87页)There will be..意为.....将有...，Therebe结构的一般将来时。There be结构的一般将来时还可表示为“There is/are going to be.."”其中,用is还是are取决于be后的名词。There will be a football match on TV tomorrow evening.明天晚上电视上将有一场足球比赛。4.How's the weather in Nanjing?南京的天气怎么样?(教材第88页)(1)How is the weather?意为 “天气怎么样?”，是用来询问天气的常用句型，也可以用“What's theweather like?"提问天气，两者意思相同。若是询问某地的天气情况，后面往往跟"in+地点名词”。回答时可用“It/The weather is+表示天气的形容词”。---How is the weather today?/What's the weatherlike today?今天天气怎么样?---It'sverycold. (今天)天气很冷。(2) weather是不可数名词，意为“天气”。good/bad weather好天气/坏天气 weather forecast天气预报，气象预报weather map气象图 weather station气象局5.This is Aunt Jane speaking我是简姑姑。(教材第88页)电话用语常见的电话用语有:①请某人接电话的日常用语:Hello! May/Could I speak t...你好，请....接电话好吗?Hello! Is..in?你好，....在. 吗?Is that.. ( speaking)? .....吗?②接电话人的应答语: Hello! This is... (speaking).你好，我是.....③告诉对方找的人不在，“请稍等”的用语: Hold on ( for a moment)，please.请稍等。④用于表示对方找的人不在、请对方留言的用语:He/She isn't here at the moment.他/她现在不在这儿。Sorry, he/she is out.对不起，他/她出去了。Can I take a message for you?我可以给你捎个口信吗?6.It's a bit cold and dry..有点儿冷，也有点儿干燥...教材第88页)abit意为“有点儿”， 修饰形容词或副词及其比较级，与a little同义。不同的是,a little可直接修饰不可数名词，而abit不能，需要在abit后加of才能修饰不可数名词。His bedroom is a bit/a little dirty.他的卧室有点儿脏。There's a bit of/a little water in the glass.杯子里有点儿水。 [拓展] a bit和a little在否定句中的意思正好相反，notabit表示“一点儿也不”，与not at all同义，而notalittle相当于verymuch,意为“非常”。She isn't a bit tired.她一点儿也不累。She isn't a little tired.她很累。7. The wind is blowing hard.风刮得很大。( 教材第88页)blow 此处用作不及物动词，意为“吹，刮”。其过去式是blew。Listen! How hard the wind is blowing!听!风刮得多么大呀![拓展] blow还可用作及物动词，意为"吹，刮”。blow out意为“吹灭”The woman blew the dust off the shelf.那个女子把架子，上的灰尘吹掉了。The boy made a wish and blew out the candles.男孩许了个愿，然后吹灭了蜡烛。8.Cany ou speak louder please?你能大点声说吗?(教材第88页)loud此处用作副词，意为“大声地”，常用来修饰动词，多与speak, talk, laugh, sing等连用。Don't speak so loud.别那么大声讲话。9. I’ll ring you later.稍后我会再给你打电话的。(教材第88页)ring及物动词， 意为“...打电话”。ring up也意为....打电话"。 Please ring the doctor (up).请给医生打个电话。[拓展]①ring还可用作不及物动词，意为“响起铃声”。Listen! The phone is ringing. Please go to answerit.听!电话响了。请去接一下。②ring还可用作可数名词，意为“铃声；戒指”。Can you hear the ring at the doorbell?你能听到门铃声吗?Look at the ring on the ground. It's shining.看地上的戒指。它在发光呢。Task1. It is very cold and everyone has to wear thick warm clothes..天很冷,大家都必须穿上厚厚的、暖和的衣..... (教材第90页)everyone 不定代词,意为“每人；人人”,在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Everyone is here. Let's start to work.大家都到了。咱们开始工作吧。辨析:everyone与every one①everyone是不定代词，只能指人，其后不能跟of引起的短语；every one既可指人也可指物，后面可跟of引起的短语。②二者作主语时，谓语动词都用单数形式。Everyone likes him.大家都喜欢他。Every one of the apples in the basket was bad.篮子里的苹果都坏了。2. Everything is covered in deep whites now, and the lakes and rivers are frozen. 一切都覆盖着厚厚的白雪湖泊和河流都结冰了。(教材第90页)be covered in 是被动语态结构，意为“被.....掩埋，...填满”。 类似结构还有：be coveredwith ( ...覆盖)。The knife was covered in blood.刀子上沾满了血。deep形容词， 意为“深的"，可在句中作定语或表语。Don't go into the deep water if you can't swim.如果不会游泳，你就不要到深水去。[拓展] deep还可用于数字后，表示......”。The water is five feet deep.这水有5英尺深。3. During this season, you cannot see beautiful flowers or green trees，but the land is quiet and beautiful.在这个季节，你看不到美丽的花或绿树，但是大地是那么安宁而美丽。(教材第90页)land不可数名词， 意为“陆地”。on land“在陆地上”。They can't live on land.它们不能在陆地上生存。[拓展] land 还可用作动词，意为“着陆；登陆；(使)降落”。The plane will land in 10 minutes.飞机将在10分钟后降落。The pilot landed the plane safely.飞行员使飞机安全地降落了.4. It is exciting to have big snowball fights.用大的雪球打(雪)仗令人兴奋。(教材第90页)辨析：exciting与excitedexciting令人兴奋的指事物本身含有令人兴奋的因素，通常用来修饰物，在句中作表语或定语excited感到兴奋的指人对事物感到兴奋，通常用来修饰人，在句中常作表语。be excited about对....感到兴奋”；be excited to do sth.“对做某事感到兴奋”一言辨异He is excited about the exciting news.他对这个令人激动的消息感到兴奋。5. We throw snowballs at each other，screaming and laughing.我们朝彼此身上扔雪球，尖叫着、大笑着。(教材第90页)(1)throw..at...意 为“....投.掷...”。throw 用作及物动词，意为“投；掷”，后面可以接双宾语，即throw sb. sth. throw sth. tosb.“向某人扔某物”。throw 的过去式为threw。Lisa threw a piece of paper at me. 莉萨扔给我一张纸条。He threw me a ball. = He threw a ball to me.他扔给我一- 个球。(2)现在分词作伴随状语screaming and laughing是现在分词，在句中用作状语，表示伴随动作。The girl rode to the park, singing happily all the way.女孩骑车去公园，一路上开心地唱着歌。(3)scream此处用作动词， 意为“尖叫；惊呼”。She screamed for help.她尖声喊救命。“Help!" she screamed.“救命!”她喊道。[拓展scream还可用作可数名词，意为“尖叫声”。a scream of pain痛苦的尖叫声辨析scream, shout与cry三者均表示“大声叫；喊”，但含义有区别:①scream.表示因恐惧、痛苦等原因引起的情不自禁的“尖叫”。She hit her foot on a stone and screamed inpain. 她的脚撞上了一块石头，她痛得大叫。②shout表示为让对方听见而故意“大声叫；喊”Don't shout like that. I can hear you.不用那样喊，我能听见你(说话)。③cry表示“喊；叫；哭”，常含有感情色彩。The baby cried for candy.这个婴儿哭喊着要糖吃。6.We also make snowmen and use carrots for their noses.我们也堆雪人，并用胡萝卜给它们当鼻子。(教材第90页)use sth. for...意为 “用某物来.... ,其中 for是介词，表明宾语的用途，其后接名词、代词或v. -ing形式。We use our computers for study.我们用我们的电脑学习。We use pens for writing.我们用钢笔写字。[拓展] use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”。We use knives to cut apples.我们用刀子切苹果。Grammar（一）英语五种基本句型基本句型一：主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个名词或者形容词,才能表达完整的意思.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化.be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典.2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的味道很好.3. His face turned red. 他的脸红了4. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了.基本句型二：主+谓(不及物动词)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等.1. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利.2.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 3. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时.基本句型三：主+谓(及物)+宾 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.1. Whoknowsthe answer？ 谁知道答案？ 2. Heenjoysreading. 他喜欢看书.3. My sisteris writinga letter at this moment. 我妹妹此刻正在写一封信。基本句型四：主+谓(及物)+间接宾语+直接宾语 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思. 最常见接双宾语的动词：give, lend, offer, show, tell, buy, choose, bring, get, leave, make , 1.He gavemea book 他给了我一本书。2. Heboughtyoua dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.3. Heshowedmehow to run the machine. 他教我开机器.基本句型五：主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.1. They paintedthe door green. 他们把门漆成绿色.2. They foundthe house clean.他们发现那房子很3. He asked me to come back soon.他要我早点回来.4.I heard himsinging a song in the next room.
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