2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学考试（天津卷）解析版

这是一份2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学考试（天津卷）解析版，共1页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 绝密★考试结束前
2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试（天津卷）
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．—Jack, could you do me a favour?
—Sure. ________
A．I beg your pardon. B．It all depends.
C．What is it? D．Anything available?
2．Major depression requires medical treatment, but physical activity, especially those done outdoors, can help ________ symptoms.
A．ease B．limit C．strike D．process
3．Dale took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts ________ made it.
A．finally B．hopefully C．normally D．reasonably
4．Students are encouraged to speak and improve their English with the ________ of teachers who will always use English with them and give them help.
A．absence B．strength C．defence D．presence
5．When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it but learned that it ________ to a collector.
A．was sold B．have been sold C．had been sold D．will have been sold
6．While we seep, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, ________ us to enter a virtual reality.
A．to allow B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed
7．You can learn enough first aid knowledge in a few minutes—________ it’s from reading a book, attending a course or watching videos online.
A．when B．as C．whether D．once
8．—Its so hard to find a job with a degree in literature.
—Yeah, ________.
A．you can’t be serious B．I know what you mean
C．it’s not a requirement D．I didn’t get it
9．When I started my PhD and realized that I would need financial help, I ________ to the student advice office and told them that I was a carer.
A．would go B．had gone C．was going D．went
10．A very popular thing to do on Boxing Day is to go shopping and ________ the sales.
A．keep pace with B．take advantage of
C．look forward to D．throw a light on
11．Next time, read the small print in the document before you sign it. You _______ make the same mistake again.
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．don’t have to D．wouldn’t
12．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ______ we can learn without repeating them.
A．of whom B．about which C．from which D．by whom
13．At the school charity party, each student donated ________ amount he or she could afford.
A．whichever B．however C．wherever D．whatever
14．Faced with a declining population and workforce, Japan has been increasingly ________ robots for help.
A．turning to B．putting away C．taking up D．holding back
15．With eco-tourism ________, eco-hotels are fast becoming the darling of the travel industry.
A．under control B．on the rise
C．beyond description D．in the decline
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
After I won my first race at five, life was about winning races. Two kids, Ray J and Gil, 16 that.
One day in our first NASCAR (National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing) season, my teammate, Ray had to leave for home because his son Ray J suddenly developed cancer. He said something about 17 to miss work for even a day. “Forget it,” I interrupted. “Your 18 comes first.” The following months were 19 for Ray J, chemotherapy (化疗) and long stays in the hospital. He was so 20 that he could barely play. However, the 21 boy had been fighting against illness. I always faced challenges by going 22 and pushing myself harder. But how could a stock-car driver like me make a difference to the kid? For the first time in my life the 23 didn’t seem so important.
Gil was a six-year-old boy with a rare bone disease. His bones were so easy to break that a hug might 24 one of them. That day he was sitting in a wheelchair, as small as a three-year-old child, and his legs were gnarled and atrophied (扭曲萎缩). However, he had a big 25 . For fear of breaking his bones into pieces, I didn’t 26 his hand. 27 , I held up my hand. He touched it and then pulled his hand back. He smiled more brightly. I went down on my 28 and we talked. He was a huge NASCAR 29 . He couldn’t go outside and 30 , but watching the races and learning everything about the drivers distracted him from his 31 “I love it when you win, Jeff.”
Win. That word again. Had I ever thought much about what it 32 ? Winning is what I’m always aiming for. That’s my job, and it’s how I 33 my family. But winning is more than just crossing the 34 line first. The two kids are the true 35 .
16．A．recognized B．achieved C．resigned D．changed
17．A．hating B．expecting C．failing D．refusing
18．A．fee B．choice C．family D．attitude
19．A．necessary B．difficult C．absurd D．unforgettable
20．A．hopeless B．desperate C．careful D．weak
21．A．easy-going B．strong-willed C．hard-working D．absent-minded
22．A．safer B．faster C．wider D．harder
23．A．problem B．possession C．race D．adventure
24．A．damage B．cure C．change D．influence
25．A．sound B．goal C．face D．smile
26．A．examine B．outstretch C．move D．shake
27．A．Instead B．Generally C．Obviously D．Furthermore
28．A．legs B．feet C．knees D．ankles
29．A．fan B．expert C．competitor D．developer
30．A．hold on B．run around C．give up D．break through
31．A．debt B．task C．optimism D．pain
32．A．meant B．brought C．split D．needed
33．A．love B．manage C．support D．encourage
34．A．straight B．finish C．start D．red
35．A．losers B．cooperators C．winners D．doctors
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The University of Waikato will provide you with the foundational knowledge and experience you need to achieve your career and life goals. With our focus on academic excellence and innovation, you will become part of a group known for making a big difference in the world around them. Join our warm and welcoming community of students from all over New Zealand and the globe.
Campus
The University of Waikato have two unique campuses. Each campus has quality in their facilities and services student will have access to during their studies. Hamilton campus enjoys the vibrant (有活力的) student atmosphere, offering a  range of cafes, on-campus accommodation, and cutting-edge learning facilities. Tauranga campus in the heart of the CBD adds to the current range of qualifications and combines beautiful beaches, a relaxed lifestyle, and world-class university study.
Accessibility Services
Our Accessibility Services are on-site to help impaired (有缺陷的) students such as, but not limited to: sensory impairment, physical impairment, specific learning disability, mental health and temporary impairment. They offer a range of services to students such as note-taking support, assistive technology, alternative exam arrangements, sign-language interpreters, mobility parking permits, specialist equipment and more.
Employability Plus Award
Join the Employability Plus Award! It is a great way to engage and connect with dozens of local non-profit organizations, adds value to your CV (个人简历), and is a fun student community to belong to.
· Enhance your student experience!
· Boost your employability status!
· Engage with like-minded people!
You will get recognition for community volunteering, supporting university events and attending workshops whilst you are studying. You will gain work-ready skills that will assist you in standing out to prospective employers.
Student Centre
The Student Centre is located at the heart of our Hamilton Campus and will be your choice for study and enrolment help, books, computers and printing and group study rooms. It is a great place to study, with lots of PowerPoints to plug in your computer and help on offer. The Student Centre team will also print and set up your Student ID card when you first arrive on campus. Within the Student Centre, you will find a range of services to help you throughout your time at university, from enrolment to graduation.
36．What do we know about the campus of the University of Waikato?
A．Tauranga campus can offer free accommodation to the students.
B．Students on Hamilton campus have access to advanced facilities.
C．The location of Tauranga campus contributes to its popularity.
D．Both campuses combine beautiful beaches and vibrant atmosphere.
37．A student with mental health problem in the university can________.
A．receive necessary treatment they need
B．own assistive technology on the campus
C．be allowed flexibly organized exams
D．serve as a sign-language interpreter
38．You can benefit a lot by joining the Employability Plus Award except________.
A．improving your student experience
B．learning new skills before you work
C．bettering your qualification for employment
D．impressing your future employers
39．What can students do at the Student Centre?
A．They can find enrolment information there.
B．They are allowed to print PowerPoints online.
C．They can get their student ID card repaired.
D．They may get together in group study rooms.
40．Which of the following is the passage probably taken from?
A．An education magazine.
B．A travel book.
C．A university newspaper.
D．A student guide.
B
I had not hugged a friend or a family member for more than two years until recently when my sister-in-law flew in for a brief visit. For everyone’s safety, we met outside. Despite the wintry weather, her hug warmed me from the inside out. It’s strange, but only now do I truly realize how much I’ve missed embracing loved ones-- the warmth that remains long after our arms have loosened.
Growing up through war in my hometown of Sarajevo, Bosnia, every moment was full of danger. On one peaceful morning. I had begged my mom to let me go outside after spending weeks wilting (蔫) indoors. She finally agreed. I was outside for only 10 minutes when I was caught in an explosion. I ran to my neighbor’s house for safety and threw my arms around her neck just as my legs collapsed underneath me. She hugged me with both arms and dragged me into her house. I was still in her arms when the ambulance arrived.
Thankfully. I made a full physical recovery, but the emotional scars never left me. Years later there was another explosion near my house. I was safely inside, but my father had left to buy a loaf of bread. He had only just missed the blast. When he came back inside, I gave him the biggest hug imaginable. I was caked in tears as I held him tight.
That same night my parents managed to arrange my escape from our war-torn city. They desperately wanted at least some of my childhood to be normal. I was 16 and came to America on my own. A generous host family took me in and I began learning English and going to school. They had a large dog called Oscar. Over the next several months, I secretly struggled with feeling homesick and worried about my family back home. Despite managing quite well at school, I couldn’t express my feelings. The only way I shared how I felt was by giving Oscar a big hug.
It is yet another sad aspect of our pandemic lives that hugging a stranger is the last thing on our minds. For many of us, even hugging a relative or a friend comes with stress and anxiety over risks and precautions (防范). Perhaps we have undervalued the impact of a simple hug. As I look back on my past, I count myself truly lucky to have been held, shielded and encouraged at some of the most key moments of my life by the almost super power of a hug. I pray that in the not-so-distant future we can safely hold one another again - a friend, relative, or even a stranger.
41．Why did the author mention her sister-in-law’s visit at the beginning?
A．It reminded the author of her past hugs.
B．It encouraged the author to hug strangers.
C．It made the author think of her large family.
D．It made the author forget the pandemic temporarily.
42．What happened to the author when she lived in her hometown of Sarajevo, Bosnia?
A．Her leg collapsed in an explosion.
B．Her mother loved her too much to send her to America.
C．She was warmed by her neighbor’s hug.
D．She recovered quickly from the wounds of the war.
43．How did the author feel when she hugged her father?
A．Frightened B．Relieved C．Embarrassed D．Astonished
44．What problem did the author find after she came to America?
A．She was treated badly by her host family.
B．She couldn’t catch up with her classmates at school.
C．She couldn’t adapt to the new environment.
D．She missed and worried about her family members.
45．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A．To express how she feels about war.
B．To share how important hugs are to her.
C．To introduce the ups and downs in her life.
D．To complain about the impact of the pandemic.
C
If you’re a runner who secretly hates running, here’s some good news: settling into a leisurely jog rather than an all-out run may actually be better for your health in the long term.
A team from Denmark followed over 5, 000 people taking part in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and tracked whether they were non-joggers, or joggers who kept a slow, moderate (中等的), or fast pace. The participants’ health was tracked over the next 12 years, and so was their mortality (死亡率): 28 of the joggers and 128 of the non-joggers died.
The connection was this: Joggers of mild and moderate intensity had a lower risk of death than the fast joggers. In fact, the lowest mortality risk was that of the mild intensity joggers. The fast-paced joggers had about the same mortality rate as sedentary (久坐的) people. This suggests that there may be an upper limit to hard exercise, after which the benefits fall off.
“The U-shaped association between jogging and mortality suggests there may be an upper limit for exercise amount that is best for health benefits,” said study author Peter Schnohr. “Anything more is not just unnecessary; it may be harmful.” From the current study, jogging just three times per week, for less than 2.5 hours per week was associated with the lowest overall mortality risk.
There have been a lot of mixed messages about the “right” amount of exercise and what intensity is best. The World Health Organization has suggested that the current 150 minutes per week recommendations are strenuous for most people to tackle, and that expectations should be lowered, since, after all, anything is better than nothing. Everyone probably has a level of activity that feels best to him or her. But at least the growing consensus seems to be that more — if you’re pushing yourself very hard— is not necessarily better. And it may even be worse.
46．What was the study designed to find out?
A．The relation between exercise amount and health.
B．The difference between non-joggers and joggers.
C．The advantages of jogging over running.
D．The common causes of death from exercise.
47．Who will face the highest mortality risk according to the study?
A．Those jogging just three times per week. B．Those jogging 150 minutes per week.
C．Those fast-paced joggers. D．Those slow-paced joggers.
48．What might Peter Schnohr agree with?
A．The early bird catches the worm. B．Wealth is nothing without health.
C．To go beyond is as wrong as to fall short. D．Enough exercise brings about happiness.
49．What does the underlined word “strenuous” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Intense. B．Wide-ranging.
C．Necessary. D．Far-reaching.
50．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Why Jogging May Be Better For Your Health Than Running?
B．Can Jogging Increase Your Weight?
C．How Does Jogging Affect Your Health?
D．How Often Should Beginners Run?
D
Every year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life? A new report suggests that the answer is yes — and finds that arts-based museum programs are credited with changing the course of alumni’s (毕业生的) lives, even years after the fact.
The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Alumni, whose current ages range from 18 to 36, were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.
Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of them thought the teen art program experience had the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating the family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they had ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.
It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens keen about culture even after they reach adulthood: Ninety-six percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of alumni work in the arts as adults.
Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that the childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with people’s income and educational achievements as adults. Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower dropout rates to improvement in critical thinking skills.
51．What is the main function of paragraph 1?
A．To make a comparison. B．To propose a definition.
C．To provide the background. D．To present the subject.
52．Why were the researchers asked to conduct the study?
A．To change the course of alumni’s lives.
B．To introduce the art museums.
C．To explore the impact of teen art programs.
D．To invite people to participate in the art programs.
53．What do the figures in Paragraph 3 show?
A．Students are more influenced by the family and school.
B．Teen art programs in museums are highly beneficial.
C．Many teens fail to realize the great value of art programs.
D．Most experiences in museums are boring for today’s teens.
54．What does Paragraph 4 tell us about art programs?
A．They are intended to attract more adults.
B．They are designed to support art museums.
C．They create adults who are culturally aware.
D．They provide many job opportunities for adults.
55．What do the studies mentioned in the last paragraph have in common?
A．All prove the good effects of art education.
B．All suggest the need to improve museum programs.
C．All show the growing popularity of art programs.
D．All focus on the link between art and education.
第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
While I tried hard to fight against my terrible cancer, my husband passed away due to a heart attack. I was so sad. My mother came to stay with me. I wondered what I'd do with my 86-year-old mother.
A week after she arrived, I asked, “Mom, why don't you crochet (用钩针编织) anymore?" She said she didn't know what she could make. I advised, "How about flowers? We can share them with others." Mom nodded. While she worked, I offered assistance. Before long, Mom crocheted many flowers and we sent them to friends and cancer patients. In the next few weeks, several thank-you notes arrived in our maillbox.
Later, Mom wanted to crochet the butterfly. She created one and sent it to my friend Yvonne. She loved it and attached it to her hairclip. One day, she called, "Some volunteers were sent to Haiti to help with the disaster there. Could you send me another butterfly? I wanted some volunteers to bring the butterfly to a girl in Haiti to offer her warmth and hope." Then we sent another one to Yvonne and she again attached it to a hairclip. The hairclip was later brought to a girl in Haiti. The girl, called Mary, had felt sad and hopeless after suffering from the disaster. But when she received and wore the butterfly hairclip, her face brightened. And her bright eyes showed more hope for the future.
I was excited to know that Mom's creativity was encouraging people like this girl. But some people who didn't know us well thought it was a waste of time crocheting these things. Surely, I couldn't see eye to eye with these people on my mom's efforts of crocheting. Her project was meaningful. It made my mother have a purpose in life. And helping her carry out her project, I felt I led a richer and more hopeful life myself.
56．What made the writer feel sad at first? (No more than 10 words)

57．Why did the writer and her mom receive some thank-you notes? (No more than 10 words)

58．How did Mary feel when wearing the butterfly hairclip? (No more than 5 words)

59．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph probably mean? (No more than 5words)

60．What do you think of the author and her mother? Please explain it in your own words. (No more than 20 words)

第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
61．假设你是晨光中学的李津，为配合学校的“科技月”活动，你校英语社团的微信公众号开展征文活动。要求同学们写一篇英语短文，介绍我国科学家设计的一款生活型智能机器人。现请你投稿，文章内容应包括：
(1)简要介绍这款生活型智能机器人的功能(至少写出两点)；
(2)说明生活型智能机器人的意义。
注意：
(1)词数不少于100；
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：智能机器人 intelligent robot
Here I would like to introduce a new type of intelligent household robot to you.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
By Li Jin

参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——Jack，你能帮我个忙吗？——当然可以。什么事？A. I beg your pardon.我恳求你的原谅；B. It all depends.看情况；C. What is it?什么事；D. Anything available?有可用的吗。根据“Sure”可知，答应帮忙后应是询问什么事，故选C。
2．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：重度抑郁症需要药物治疗，但体育活动，尤其是户外活动，可以帮助缓解症状。A. ease缓解；B. limit限制；C. strike罢工；D. process处理。根据上文“but physical activity, especially those done outdoors, can help”指户外活动可以缓解抑郁症的症状。故选A。
3．A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：戴尔听从了母亲的建议，拼命地试了几次，终于成功了。A. finally最后；B. hopefully满怀希望地；C. normally正常地；D. reasonably合情合理地。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示“最终”符合句意。故选A项。
4．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们鼓励学生在老师在场的时候说英语，提高英语水平，老师会经常和他们一起使用英语并给予他们帮助。A. absence缺席；B. strength体力；C. defence防御；D. presence在场，出席。根据句意，表示“在场”用介词短语with the presence of (sb.)，意为“(有某人)在场”。故选D项。
5．C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当他最终筹集到买小提琴的钱时，他回去买了它，但是得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。分析句子可知，句中“that it ________ to a collector”为宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，it指代前文提到的violin，从句it与动词sell为动宾关系，且动作发生在learn之前，所以空处用过去完成时的被动语态，选项C符合题意，故选C。
6．B
【详解】考查现在分词作状语。句意：当我们睡觉时，大脑会重放醒着时的活动模式，让我们进入虚拟现实。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容在句中为状语，表示睡觉时，大脑所作的动作的结果，表示一种自然而然的结果，所以空处用现在分词。选项B符合题意，故选B。
7．C
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：你可以在几分钟内学到足够的急救知识——无论是通过读书、参加课程还是在线观看视频。固定结构：whether...or...“不管……还是……”。引导让步状语从句。结合句意及选项可知，选项C符合题意，故选C。
8．B
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——要找到一个文学学位的工作真是太难了。——是啊，我明白你的意思。A. you can’t be serious你不是认真的吧； B. I know what you mean我明白你的意思； C. it’s not a requirement 这不是要求；D. I didn’t get it我不明白。根据句中语境及空前的回答可知，这里表示回答者对上文说话者的意思的肯定，选项B符合题意，故选B。
9．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：当我开始攻读博士学位，意识到自己需要经济帮助时，我去了学生咨询办公室，告诉他们我是一名护工。分析句子可知，空处为主句的谓语，结合句中“and told them”可知，空处动词的时态和and后的told并列，所以空处用一般过去时。选项D符合题意，故选D。
10．B
【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：节礼日最流行的一件事就是去购物，好好利用这次促销活动。A. keep pace with跟上……的步子； B. take advantage of利用； C. look forward to期盼；盼望； D. throw a light on阐明。结合句中前后内容可知，这里指充分利用促销活动，选项B符合题意，故选B。
11．A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：下次，在你签署文件之前，先看看上面的小字。你不允许再犯同样的错误了。A. mustn't禁止；B.needn't没必要；C.don't have to不必；D.wouldn't不愿意。根据句意可知，此处表示禁止在犯同样的错误，故选A。
12．C
【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：威廉·海斯蒂曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子可知，空处及之后的句子为定语从句，先行词为mistakes，句子表示“我们可以从错误中吸取教训，而不是重蹈覆辙”，所以空处用“from which”，故选C。
13．D
【详解】考查连接代词/副词。句意：在学校的慈善晚会上，每个学生都捐出了他或她所能负担得起的任何金额。A. whichever无论哪个；B. however无论如何；C. wherever无论哪里；D. whatever无论什么。根据句意“所能负担得起的任何金额”可知空处用whatever表示“所……的任何事物”，故选D项。
14．A
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：面对人口和劳动力的下降，日本越来越多地求助于机器人。A. turning to求助于； B. putting away整理，收拾； C. taking up从事；占据； D. holding back阻止。根据句中“Faced with a declining population and workforce”可知，人口和劳动力的下降，因此此处指日本转向机器人求助。故选A。
15．B
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：随着生态旅游的兴起，生态酒店正迅速成为旅游行业的宠儿。A. under control处于控制中； B. on the rise在增加； C. beyond description无法用言语表达； D. in the decline在下降。根据句中“eco-hotels are fast becoming the darling of the travel industry”可知，此处指生态旅游变得流行起来，选项B符合题意，故选B。

16．D 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．D 21．B 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．C

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为一名赛车手，他的工作和生活就是赢得比赛，然而两个孩子的故事彻底改变了他对赢的看法，他认为他们才是人生赢家。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我五岁赢得第一场比赛后，我的生活就是赢得比赛。两个孩子，Ray J和Gil，改变了这一点。A. recognized认出；B. achieved获得；C. resigned辞职；D. changed改变。根据前文“life was about winning races”和尾段“The two kids are the true 20 ”可知，作者认为，两个孩子改变了他的这种观点。故选D项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说他不想耽误一天的工作。A. hating不愿；B. expecting期待；C. failing失败；D. refusing拒绝。根据后文““Forget it,” I interrupted. “Your　　　3　　　comes first.” ”可知，我让Ray回家，说明Ray不想耽误工作。故选A项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的家庭是第一位的。A. fee费用；B. choice选择；C. family家庭；D. attitude态度。根据前文“Ray had to leave for home because his son Ray J suddenly developed cancer.”可知，作者认为Ray应该回家照顾患了癌症家人，即家庭最重要。故选C项。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几个月对Ray J来说很困难，化疗和长时间住院。A. necessary必要的；B. difficult困难的；C. absurd荒谬的；D. unforgettable难忘的。根据后文“chemotherapy (化疗) and long stays in the hospital”可知，Ray J过得很困难。故选B项。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他太虚弱了，几乎不能玩。A. hopeless无望的；B. desperate绝望的；C. careful仔细的；D. weak虚弱的。根据后文“that he could barely play.”可知，Ray J虚弱的都不能玩。故选D项。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个意志坚强的男孩一直在与疾病作斗争。A. easy-going随和的；B. strong-willed意志坚强的；C. hard-working努力工作的；D. absent-minded心不在焉的。根据后文“ had been fighting against illness”可知，Ray J是一个意志坚强的孩子。故选B项。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：面对挑战，我总是开得更快，更努力。A. safer更安全；B. faster更快；C. wider更宽；D. harder更努力。根据后文“and pushing myself harder”和“ a stock-car driver like me ”可知，作为一个赛车司机，作者遇到挑战时会更努力、把车开的更快。故选B项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中第一次觉得比赛不那么重要了。 A. problem问题；B. possession职业；C. race比赛；D. adventure冒险。根据前文“After I won my first race at five, life was about winning races. ”和“But how could a stock-car driver like me make a difference to the kid?”可知，面对生病无助的孩子，作者认为比赛没那么重要。故选C项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的骨头很容易折断，一个拥抱可能会伤到其中一根。A. damage伤害；B. cure治愈；C. change改变；D. influence影响。根据前文“ His bones were so easy to break ”可知，甚至一个拥抱都有可能伤害到他的骨头。故选A项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他笑得很开心。A. sound声音；B. goal目标；C. face脸；D. smile笑容。根据前文“That day he was sitting in a wheelchair, as small as a three-year-old child, and his legs were gnarled and atrophied (扭曲萎缩).”和“However, he had a big”可知，即使Gil身体遭受极大痛苦，但是他很乐观，面带笑容。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我怕把他的骨头弄碎，所以没有和他握手。A. examine检查；B. outstretch伸展；C. move移动；D. shake握手。根据前文“For fear of breaking his bones into pieces”可知，作者哲因为害怕伤害到Gil的骨头，没有握他的手。故选D项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我举起了手。A. Instead相反；B. Generally一般；C. Obviously明显地；D. Furthermore而且。后文“ I held up my hand.”与前文“I didn’t 　　11　　his hand.”是转折关系。故选A项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我屈膝，然后我们聊了起来。A. legs腿；B. feet脚；C. knees膝盖；D. ankles脚踝。根据上文“That day he was sitting in a wheelchair, as small as a three-year-old child,”可知，作者屈膝和他说话。go down on one’s knees是固定短语，意为“跪下，屈膝”。故选C项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是纳斯卡的超级粉丝。A. fan粉丝；B. expert专家；C. competitor比赛者； D. developer研发者。根据后文“watching the races and learning everything about the drivers”可知，Gil是NASCAR(全国运动汽车竞赛协会)的粉丝。故选A项。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他不能出去到处跑，但看比赛，了解车手的一切，让他从痛苦中解脱出来。A. hold on抓住；B. run around到处跑；C. give up放弃；D. break through突破。根据前文“couldn’t go outside and”可知，Gil不能随意到处乱跑着玩。故选B项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不能出去到处跑，但看比赛，了解车手的一切，让他从痛苦中解脱出来。A. debt债；B. task任务；C. optimism乐观；D. pain痛苦。根据前文“but watching the races and learning everything about the drivers distracted him from his   16 ”可知，虽然不能出去玩，但是看比赛和了解赛车手可以让他身体的痛苦中解脱出来。故选D项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经想过这意味着什么吗？A. meant意味着；B. brought带来；C. split分裂；D. needed需要。根据后文“Winning is what I’m always aiming for. That’s my job,”可知，作者很少反思过赢意味着什么。故选A项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我的工作，也是我养家糊口的方式。A. love爱；B. manage管理；C. support支持，供养；D. encourage鼓励。根据前文“That’s my job”可知，赛车是作者养家糊口的方式。support one’s family意为“养家糊口”。故选C项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但胜利不仅仅是第一个冲过终点线。这两个孩子才是真正的赢家。A. straight直线；B. finish终点；C. start开始；D. red红色。根据前文“winning”可知，赢意味着冲过 “终点线”finish line。故选B项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但胜利不仅仅是第一个冲过终点线。这两个孩子才是真正的赢家。A. losers失败者；B. cooperators合作者；C. winners赢家；D. doctors医生。根据前文“But winning is more than just crossing the　　19　　line first.”以及上文中两个男孩的故事，作者认为，赢不只是冲过比赛中的终点线，赢应该从整个生命和生活意义的层面上来定义，而两个孩子的积极态度才是赢得了与困难作斗争的这场人生的比赛。故选C项。
36．B 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．D

【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要向学生们介绍怀卡托大学。
36．细节理解题。根据Campus部分“Each campus has quality in their facilities and services student will have access to during their studies. Hamilton campus enjoys the vibrant (有活力的) student atmosphere, offering a   range of cafes, on-campus accommodation, and cutting-edge learning facilities.  (每个校区都有优质的设施和服务，学生在学习期间可以使用这些设施和服务。汉密尔顿校园享受着充满活力的学生氛围，提供了一系列的咖啡馆，校园住宿，和尖端的学习设施。)”可知，汉密尔顿校区的学生可以使用尖端的学习设施。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据Accessibility Services部分“Our Accessibility Services are on-site to help impaired (有缺陷的) students such as, but not limited to: sensory impairment, physical impairment, specific learning disability, mental health and temporary impairment. They offer a range of services to students such as note-taking support, assistive technology, alternative exam arrangements, sign-language interpreters, mobility parking permits, specialist equipment and more. (我们的无障碍服务在现场为残障学生提供帮助，包括但不限于：感官障碍、身体障碍、特定学习障碍、心理健康和暂时性障碍。他们为学生提供一系列服务，如笔记支持、辅助技术、替代考试安排、手语翻译、移动停车许可证、专业设备等。)”可知，有心理健康障碍的学生可以被允许灵活安排考试时间。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据Employability Plus Award部分“Enhance your student experience! Boost your employability status! Engage with like-minded people! (增强您的学生体验！提升您的就业能力！与志同道合的人交往！)”可知，在这里，学生们可以改善学生体验，在工作前学习新技能，提高就业资格，但是不会给未来的雇主留下深刻印象。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据Student Centre部分“Within the Student Centre, you will find a range of services to help you throughout your time at university, from enrolment to graduation. (在学生中心，从入学到毕业，您可以找到一系列服务来帮助您度过大学时光。)”可知，在学生中心，学生们可以获得入学信息。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段“The University of Waikato will provide you with the foundational knowledge and experience you need to achieve your career and life goals. With our focus on academic excellence and innovation, you will become part of a group known for making a big difference in the world around them. Join our warm and welcoming community of students from all over New Zealand and the globe. (怀卡托大学将为您提供实现职业和生活目标所需的基础知识和经验。随着我们对学术卓越和创新的关注，您将成为一个以在他们周围的世界中做出巨大改变而闻名的团队的一员。加入我们来自新西兰和全球各地热情欢迎的学生社区。)”可知，这篇文章是写给学生的文章，介绍怀卡托大学，所以它应该是选自于学生指南。故选D。
41．A 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．B

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者嫂子来拜访作者，见面时拥抱了作者，这让作者想起来过去对别人拥抱的重要经历，并告诉我们一个简单的拥抱会对自己和别人产生重要的影响。
41．推理判断题。根据第一段“I had not hugged a friend or a family member for more than two years until recently when my sister-in-law flew in for a brief visit. For everyone’s safety, we met outside. Despite the wintry weather, her hug warmed me from the inside out. It’s strange, but only now do I truly realize how much I’ve missed embracing loved ones-- the warmth that remains long after our arms have loosened.(我已经有两年多没有拥抱过一个朋友或家人了，直到最近，我的嫂子飞过来做了一次短暂的拜访。为了大家的安全，我们在外面见过。尽管天气寒冷，她的拥抱还是让我由内而外感到温暖。这很奇怪，但直到现在我才真正意识到我有多么怀念拥抱所爱的人——在我们的手臂松开很久之后仍然保持的温暖。)”和下文讲到作者小时候拥抱别人的事可推知，作者一开始就提到嫂子的来访，这是因为这让作者想起了她以前的拥抱。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Growing up through war in my hometown of Sarajevo, Bosnia, every moment was full of danger.....I ran to my neighbor’s house for safety and threw my arms around her neck just as my legs collapsed underneath me. She hugged me with both arms and dragged me into her house. I was still in her arms when the ambulance arrived.(在我的家乡波斯尼亚的Sarajevo，战争中长大，每时每刻都充满了危险……我跑到邻居家寻求安全，双臂环绕在她的脖子上，而我的双腿却倒在了地上。她用双臂拥抱了我，把我拖进了她家。救护车来的时候我还在她怀里。)”可知，当作者住在家乡波斯尼亚的Sarajevo时，她被邻居的拥抱温暖了。故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He had only just missed the blast. When he came back inside, I gave him the biggest hug imaginable. I was caked in tears as I held him tight.(他刚好错过了爆炸。当他回来的时候，我给了他一个你能想象到的最大的拥抱。我紧紧地抱着他，泪流满面。)”可知，作者的爸爸错过了爆炸，安全回到家，由此可推知，作者拥抱爸爸的时候感到如释重负，故选B。
44．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I was 16 and came to America on my own......Over the next several months, I secretly struggled with feeling homesick and worried about my family back home. ( 那年我16岁，独自一人来到美国……在接下来的几个月里，我暗暗地为思乡和担心家人而苦苦挣扎。)”可知，在作者到达美国后，她很想念并担心她的家人。故选D。
45．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Perhaps we have undervalued the impact of a simple hug. As I look back on my past, I count myself truly lucky to have been held, shielded and encouraged at some of the most key moments of my life by the almost super power of a hug. I pray that in the not-so-distant future we can safely hold one another again - a friend, relative, or even a stranger.(也许我们低估了一个简单拥抱的影响。当我回顾过去的时候，我觉得自己真的很幸运，在我生命中最关键的时刻被拥抱的力量所拥抱、保护和鼓励。我祈祷在不久的将来，我们能够再次安全地拥抱彼此——一个朋友，一个亲戚，甚至一个陌生人。)”可知，作者嫂子来拜访作者，见面时拥抱了作者，这让作者想起来过去对别人拥抱的重要经历，并告诉我们一个简单的拥抱会产生重要的影响。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是分享拥抱对她有多重要。故选B。
46．A 47．C 48．C 49．A 50．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个关于慢跑者和不慢跑者，以及慢跑时的运动量大小不同的试验，研究表明，适量的慢跑才是对身体最好的。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段“A team from Denmark followed over 5, 000 people taking part in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and tracked whether they were non-joggers, or joggers who kept a slow, moderate (中等的), or fast pace. (来自丹麦的一个研究小组跟踪了5000多名参加哥本哈根城市心脏研究的人，并跟踪了他们是不慢跑的人，还是保持慢速、中速或快速的慢跑者。)”，第三段中“The connection was this: Joggers of mild and moderate intensity had a lower risk of death than the fast joggers. (这种联系是这样的：轻度和中度强度的慢跑者比快速慢跑者的死亡风险更低。)”可知，这项研究的研究对象是慢跑者和不慢跑者，旨在发现运动量与健康的关系，故选A项。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Joggers of mild and moderate intensity had a lower risk of death than the fast joggers.  (轻度和中度强度慢跑者的死亡风险低于快速慢跑者。)”可知，面临最高的死亡风险的是快节奏的慢跑者，故选C项。
48．推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘The U-shaped association between jogging and mortality suggests there may be an upper limit for exercise amount that is best for health benefits,’ said study author Peter Schnohr. ‘Anything more is not just unnecessary; it may be harmful.’ From the current study, jogging just three times per week, for less than 2.5 hours per week was associated with the lowest overall mortality risk. (研究作者彼得·施诺尔说：‘慢跑和死亡率之间的u型关系表明，对健康有益的锻炼量可能有一个上限。更多的东西不仅是不必要的；这可能是有害的。’从目前的研究来看，每周慢跑三次，每周不到2.5小时，与最低的整体死亡风险相关。)”可知，根据慢跑和死亡率之间的u型关系，Peter Schnohr认为超量的运动和运动不足都不对，故选C项。
49．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“The World Health Organization has suggested that the current 150 minutes per week recommendations are strenuous for most people to tackle, and that expectations should be lowered, since, after all, anything is better than nothing. (世界卫生组织表示，目前建议的每周150分钟的锻炼时间对大多数人来说，应付起来是strenuous，应该降低期望值，因为毕竟有总比没有好。)”，根据后句中的“应该降低期望值”可知，每周150分钟的锻炼时间对于大多数人来说不好实现，有点“紧张的；费力的”。A. Intense强烈的；B. Wide-ranging广泛的；C. Necessary必要的；C. Far-reaching影响深远的。划线词strenuous与Intense意思相近，故选A项。
50．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“If you’re a runner who secretly hates running, here’s some good news: settling into a leisurely jog rather than an all-out run may actually be better for your health in the long term. (如果你是一个讨厌跑步的跑步者，这里有一些好消息：从长远来看，慢慢地慢跑比全力跑可能对你的健康更好。)”，文章介绍了一个关于慢跑者和不慢跑者，以及慢跑时的运动量大小不同的试验，研究表明，适量的慢跑才是对身体最好的。故A项“Why Jogging May Be Better For Your Health Than Running? (为什么慢跑比跑步更有益于健康？)”适合作文章的标题。故选A项。
51．D 52．C 53．B 54．C 55．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，探究青少年艺术博物馆项目的良好效果。
51．推理判断题。根据第一段“Every year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. (每年都有成千上万的青少年参加当地艺术博物馆的项目。)”以及“A new report suggests that the answer is yes—and finds that arts-based museum programs are credited with changing the course of alumni’s (毕业生的) lives, even years after the fact. (一份新的报告表明答案是肯定的，并发现以艺术为基础的博物馆项目被认为改变了校友的生活进程，甚至在参观事实发生多年之后。)”可知，本段的主要作用是陈述主题：青少年艺术博物馆项目的良好效果。故选D项。
52．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. (惠特尼美国艺术博物馆、沃克艺术中心和洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆最近请研究人员进行了一项研究，以了解他们长期以来的青少年艺术项目到底有多有效。)”可知，为探究青少年艺术项目的影响，研究人员进行了这项研究。故选C项。
53．推理判断题。根据第三段“Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of them thought the teen art program experience had the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating the family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they had ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts. (在接受调查的校友中，75%的人认为青少年艺术项目的经历对他们自己的生活产生了最有利的影响，超过了家庭、学校和社区。近55%的人认为这是他们一生中最重要的经历之一，无论年龄大小。三分之二的人说，他们在博物馆的经历经常影响他们的行为或思想。)”可知，其中的数字说明了博物馆的青少年艺术项目非常有益。故选B项。
54．推理判断题。根据第四段“It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens keen about culture even after they reach adulthood: Ninety-six percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of alumni work in the arts as adults.(事实证明，参加艺术项目也有助于青少年在成年后对文化保持热情：96%的参与者在过去两年内参观过艺术博物馆，68%的人在过去两年内参观过艺术博物馆五次或以上。32%的校友成年后从事艺术工作。)”可知，本段告诉我们，通过艺术课程，他们培养了有文化意识的成年人。故选C项。
55．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that the childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with people’s income and educational achievements as adults. Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower dropout rates to improvement in critical thinking skills. (尽管这项研究是第一次探索博物馆中针对青少年的艺术项目的影响，但它反映了其他关于参与艺术的重要好处的研究。美国国家艺术基金会十年的调查发现，儿童时期的艺术经历与人们成年后的收入和教育成就密切相关。其他研究将艺术教育与从降低辍学率到提高批判性思维能力等方方面面联系起来)”可知，本段提到的研究都证明了艺术教育的良好效果。故选A项。
56．Her husband passed away due to a heart attack. 57．Because they sent crocheted flowers to friends and cancer patients. 58．Happy and hopeful. 59．I couldn't agree with them. 60．They were kind and loving. Because they crocheted some things and gave some people to encourage them.

【分析】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了86岁的母亲编织东西送给处于困境中的人的故事，这不仅让母亲的生活有意义，也让作者感觉自己的生活更加丰富和充满希望。
56．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“While I tried hard to fight against my terrible cancer, my husband passed away due to a heart attack. I was so sad.(当我努力对抗我可怕的癌症时，我的丈夫因为心脏病发作而去世了。我非常伤心)”可知，起初作者感到伤心是因为她的丈夫因为心脏病去世了。故答案是Her husband passed away due to a heart attack.
57．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Mom crocheted many flowers and we sent them to friends and cancer patients. In the next few weeks, several thank-you notes arrived in our maillbox.(妈妈编织了许多花，我们把它们送给了朋友和癌症患者。在接下来的几周里，我们的邮箱里收到了几封感谢信)”可知，作者和妈妈收到一些感谢信是因为他们送花给朋友和癌症患者。故答案是Because they sent crocheted flowers to friends and cancer patients.
58．考查推理判断。根据第三段的“But when she received and wore the butterfly hairclip , her face brightened. And her bright eyes showed more hope for the future.(但当她收到并戴上蝴蝶发夹时，她的脸就亮了起来。她那明亮的眼睛表现出对未来更多的希望)”可推断，戴上蝴蝶发夹，玛丽感到高兴，对未来充满希望。故答案是Happy and hopeful.
59．考查词句猜测。根据上文“I was excited to know that Mom's creativity was encouraging people like this girl. But some people who didn't know us well thought it was a waste of time crocheting these things.(我很高兴的知道妈妈的创造力鼓励了像这个女孩这样的人。但有些不太了解我们的人认为，用钩针处理这些东西是浪费时间)”可知，作者认为母亲做的事情令人高兴，一些人却认为这是浪费时间，因此推断关于母亲在编织上付出的努力，作者与这些人观点不一致，因此推断划线句句意是：我与这些人观点不一致。故答案是I couldn't agree with them.
60．考查推理判断。通读全文可知，作者和母亲编织了一些东西，送给许多人，给他们鼓励，让一些人重新获得生活的信心，因此推断作者和母亲是善良的，充满爱心的，故答案为They were kind and loving. Because they crocheted some things and gave some people to encourage them.
61．Here I would like to introduce a new type of intelligent household robot to you.
In recent years, an intelligent robot, powered by solar energy which is environmentally-friendly, has been designed to provide everyday assistance in our life by scientists in our country.
So many powerful functions does this intelligent robot have that it can help us in various ways. Firstly, it can do all the housework, such as cooking, washing and cleaning windows. As a result, people can be freed from heavy labour. What’s more, if used appropriately, the robot is capable of taking good care of the elderly and the sick, lightening the burden of their family members’ care for them. Of course, you’ll also take advantage of this robot by not only communicating with it but surfing the Internet through it to collect amounts of information. Not to mention it can even entertain you if it accepts voice commands, playing songs, to mention just one example.
There’s no doubt that the creation of this intelligent robot shows the rapid development of science and technology of our country. I’m firmly convinced it will be a big helper in a family, which can make life more convenient, and I’m looking forward to the life with this robot.
By Li Jin
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇英语短文，介绍我国科学家设计的一款生活型智能机器人，参加校英语社团的微信公众号开展征文活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
方法：way →approach
此外：What’s more →Moreover
利用：take advantage of →make use of
期望：look forward to →expect
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句：Firstly, it can do all the housework, such as cooking, washing and cleaning windows. As a result, people can be freed from heavy labour.
拓展句：Firstly, it can do all the housework, such as cooking, washing and cleaning windows, as a result of which people can be freed from heavy labour.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In recent years, an intelligent robot, powered by solar energy which is environmentally-friendly, has been designed to provide everyday assistance in our life by scientists in our country. (运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] There’s no doubt that the creation of this intelligent robot shows the rapid development of science and technology of our country. (运用了that引导的同位语从句)