Unit 5 What are the shirts made of 短语及语法知识 人教新课标九年级英语全册

Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?语法一般现在时的被动语态1、英语有两种语态：主动语态与被动语态:主动语态表示主语就是动作的执行者; 被动语态表示主语就是动作的承受者Cats eat fish、(主动语态）Fish is eaten by cats、(被动语态) 2、一般现在时的标志词一般现在时常与often(经常),usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,等频度副词连用，它们在句中的位置就是实前系后情助后。另外every day, every morning,等，也就是一般现在时的信息标志词。它们通常放在句首或句末。3、一般现在时分为主动语态与被动语态：4、一般现在时主动语态的构成：一般现在时主动语态可以分成两类:一类就是带be的，另一类就是带实义动词的。带be的各种句式的构成(1)肯定句的构成就是：主语+ is/am/ are +其她She is a student、(2)否定句的构成就是：主语+is/am/are + not +其她She isn’t a student、(3)一般疑问句的构成就是：Is/Am/Are+主语+其她? Is she a student? 肯定回答就是：Yes，主语+is/am/are Yes,she is、否定回答就是：No，主语+is/am/are +not No,she isn’t(4)特殊疑问句的构成就是：疑问词+ is/am/are+主语+其她带实义动词的各种句式的构成(1)肯定句的构成就是:主语+ 动词原形/三单+其她Chinese people speak Chinese、(2)否定句的构成就是:主语+ don’t/doesn’t +动词原形+其她Chinese people don’t speak Chinese、(3)一般疑问句的构成就是:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其她? Do Chinese people speak Chinese? Yes,they do、No,they don’t 肯定回答就是:Yes,主语+do/does、否定回答就是:No,主语+don’t/doesn’t (4)特殊疑问句的构成就是：疑问词+ do/does +主语+动词原形+其她?？Chinese people speak Chinese、What language do Chinese people speak? 5、一般现在时被动语态的构成：主语+is/am/are+动词过去分词+by短语+其她Chinese is spoken by Chinese people、(1)否定句的构成就是: 主语+is/am/are+not+动词过去分词+by短语+其她Chinese isn’t spoken by Chinese people、(2)一般疑问句的构成就是: Is/Am/Are+主语+动词过去分词+by短语+其她Is Chinese spoken by Chinese people、Yes, it is、No, it isn’t 肯定回答就是：Yes，主语+is/am/are 否定回答就是：No，主语+is/am/are +not (3)特殊疑问句的构成就是：疑问词+ is/am/are+主语+动词过去分词+by短语+其她Chinese is spoken by Chinese people、Who is Chinese spoken by? 改为被动语态(1)People use stamps for sending letters(2)We use a recorder in our English classSection A 1、由be made构成的短语：(1)be made from意为“由……（原料）制成”，表示某物品制成后，已瞧不出原材料就是什么，原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化；Paper is made from wood、Wine is made from grapes、(2)be made of意为“由……（原料）制成”，表示某物品制成后，仍可瞧的出原材料，其原料在制作过程中仅起了物理变化。The desk is made of wood、The shoes are made of cloth、(3)be made in+地点意思就是“在……（地点）被制造”，介词in后接产地。This kind of computer is made in the USA．This printing machine was made in Beijing、(4)be made by+某人意思就是“由……制造”，介词by后跟动作的执行者。2、leaf为可数名词，意为“叶子”，复数形式就是leaves。shelf-shelves(架子) thief-thieves(小偷) knife-knives（刀）life-lives(生命) wife-wives(妻子) 3、famous就是形容词，意为“著名的，有名的”同义词就是known，反义词就是unknown (1)be famous for=be known for“因……而出名”China is famous for the Great Wall、(2)be famous as=be known as“作为……而出名”Michael Jackson is famous as a singer、4、区分like/such as与for example (1)like做介词，意为“像……”，用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，后面不能有逗号，相当于such as There are many kinds of fruit in the supermarket, like /such as apples, bananas and pears、(2)for example意为“例如”，列举同类人或物中的一个例子，其后要用逗号隔开。5、widely就是副词，意为“广泛地，普遍地”，修饰动词。English is widely used in the world、6、as far as I know意为“据我所知”。其中作从属连词，as far as意为“就……来说”，引导状语从句，强调程度或范围。As far as I know, he has been abroad、7、grow意为“种植”或“生长”。过去式与过去分词就是grew, grown、短语grow up意为“长大”They’re growing rice、I want to be a teacher when I grow up、8、by hand意为“用手”The shoes are made by hand、This pair of shoes hand, and it very comfortable9、It seems/seemed that…意为“似乎就是……”(相当于“从句的主语+seem to do”)It seemed that he would never be able to work out the question、It seems that he is right=He seems to be right、10、all over the world=around the world意为“全世界，世界各地”Our friends are all over the world、11、与good相关的常见搭配(1)be good at意为“擅长” =do well in I am good at math、=I do well in math、(2)be good for 意为“对…有益”反义词组就是be bad for “对……有害处”Swimming is good for our health、(3)be good to意为“对…好” ＝be friendly to sb=be kind to sb She is good to us、Miss Read is good ____music12、both…and…意为“……与……两者都”，其否定短语就是意为neither…nor…“既不……也不……”，同义词组就是not only…but also…“不但……而且……”Both he and I are from Beijing、=Not only he but also I am from Beijing、Neither he nor I am from Beijing、13、no matter what=whatever意为“无论什么”No matter what you say, I won’t believe you、14、find it+形容词+(for sb) to do sth意为“发现做某事对某人来说怎么样”it就是形式宾语，to do sth就是真正的宾语I found it very difficult to learn how to drive、We find necessary to protect the earth15、find sb doing sth意为“发现某人正在做某事”I found her standing at the door、16、would like“想要”= want后面接三种形式(1)would like sth“想要某物”I’d like some dumplings、(2)would like to do sth“想要做某事”They’d like to play football after school、(3)would like sb to do sth、“想要某人做某事”She’d like me to go shopping with her、17、hardly就是否定词，意为“几乎不”。Speak aloud, please! I can hear youA usually B almost C hardly D nearly 18、by的用法(1)by表示移动方向，意为“经过”。My mother goes by the building every day、(2)by+交通工具，“乘……”I go to school by bike、(3)by表示位置，意为“在……旁”Jim sat down by the window、(4)by表示时间，意为“不迟于”I have to go to bed by ten o’clock、(5)by表示方式及手段，意为“通过，靠”Jackson studied Chinese by listening to tapes、19、be allowed to do sth 意为“被允许做某事”。其否定形式为be not allowed to do sth意为“不被允许做某事”Passengers are not allowed to smoke、20、不同的时间前面应用什么介词：(1)通常按照“in年in月in季节on 天on 日on星期”的规则in 1998 在1998年in January 在一月in spring/summer/autumn/winter在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天on that day在那天on his birthday在她的生日（那天）on Teachers’ Day 在教师节on October first 在10月1日on Friday 在星期五(2)在几点钟用at，在一日中的黎明、正午、半夜也用at。at six o’clock在六点钟at noon / night在正午/晚上(3)在某月某日用on,如on April fifth 在四月五日在某年某月某日用on,如on April fifth,2008 在2008年四月五日在某年某月用in,如in May,2007 在2007年五月（注意：瞧最后一个词）(4) in the morning/afternoon/evening “在早上/下午/晚上”，但当早上/下午/晚上有修饰词修饰时用on 如：on Friday morning =on the morning of Friday 在星期五早上on a hot afternoon在一个炎热的下午21、traffic意为“交通，路上行驶的车辆”，就是不可数名词。表示交通量大时用heavy，表示交通量小时用light、Traffic is very heavy during the rush hours、22、France法国-French法语-Frenchman法国人Germany德国-German德语-German德国人23、记住下面单词的复数形式。policewoman-policewomen(女警察) Frenchman-Frenchmen(法国人) German-Germans、(德国人) 24、a cup to tea、一杯茶two cups of tea、两杯茶25、avoid doing sth、意为“避免做某事Section B 1、a kind of一种all kinds of各种各样的different kinds of不同种类的There is a kind of sheep in the zoo、There are many different kinds of books in the library、2、a little =a bit =a little bit=kind of意为“一点儿；少许”都可以用来修饰形容词/副词。a little bit quiet、此外，a little还可以直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit须与of连用才可以修饰不可数名词。The weather here is a little bit hot、a little water=a bit of water一点儿水3、(1)learn to do sth意为“学习做某事”My younger brother is learning English、(2)learn from意为“向……学习”We must learn from Lei Feng、(3)learn by oneself意为“自学”He learns French by himself、4、fly a kite=fly kites意为“放风筝”I flew a kite with my friends last weekend、fly to +某地意为“乘飞机去某地”We flew to Beijing yesterday、5、hold意为“举行”=have，其过去式与过去分词都就是held、They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow、6、由-or结尾的名词有：competitor(参赛者，竞争者) visitor(参观者) actor(演员) inventor(发明家) translator(翻译员) 7、be from=come from意为“来自……”They are from England、8、turn into意为“变成”，turn …into…意为“把……变成……”Water turns into ice when it freezes、The witch turned the prince into a frog、9、according to意为“根据；按照”According to what he said,it was a good thing、10、send out意为“放出，发出”The ship is sinking、Send out a distress signal、11、in trouble、意为“处于困境中”Don’t laugh at people in trouble、in danger意为“处于危险中”12、be covered with意为“被……覆盖着“The ground is covered with snow、13、slow意为“慢的”，就是形容词，slowly意为“慢地”，就是副词，修饰动词。She is a slow reader、She opened the door slowly、14、rise into意为“上升到……中”When the weather is cool,little bits of water rise into the air and form clouds、15、put …on…意为“把……贴到……上”She put the picture on the wall、16、与put相关的短语put away把……收起来；放好put on穿上put off doing sth 推迟做某事put down放下17、lively意为“生气勃勃的”He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting、lovely意为“可爱的”。She is a lovely girl、18、区分spend,pay,cost与take (1)人+ spend(spent)+时间/金钱+(in)doing sth或on sth I spent five dollars (in)buying the book、I spent five dollars on the book、(2)人+pay(paid)+金钱+for sth I paid five dollars for the book、(3)物+cost(cost)+人+金钱The book cost me five dollars、(4)It takes(took)+人+时间+to do sth、It took me five hours to finish homework、19、find+it+形容词+(for sb) to do sth意为“发现做某事对某人来说怎么样”it就是形式宾语，to do sth就是真正的宾语I found it very difficult to learn how to drive、