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2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration教师用书
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UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．an analysis of poverty 对贫穷的分析
2．be keen on collecting stamps 热衷于收集邮票
3．a fatal accident 致命的事故
4．a shallow person 一个肤浅的人
5．sufficient time 充足的时间
6．the planet's orbit 行星的轨道
7．an ongoing debate 持续的辩论
8．Newton's law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律
9．take a spacewalk 进行太空行走
10．the first astronaut to explore space 第一个探索太空的宇航员
11．the secrets of the universe 宇宙的奥秘
12．unmanned spacecraft 无人飞船
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．We can recycle plastic bottles.(vt.回收利用)
2．Be modest, otherwise you will fall behind.(adv.否则)
3．Her performance at yesterday's concert was beyond compare.(prep.超出)
4．She was staring at her computer monitor.(n.监视器)
5．The current situation is very disappointing.(adj.当前的)
6．You are supposed to attach a recent photograph to your application form.(vt.贴)
7．It signalled one step further in the plan to establish a space station.(vt.标志着)
8．It's important to ensure that the data we collect is accurate.(n.数据)
9．Scientists make vehicles to carry people into space.(n.交通工具)
10．The environment has a significant influence on the mental development of the children.(adj.精神的)
11．The rocket launched two communications satellites.(n.火箭；vt.发射；n.人造卫星)
12．They have a strong desire to go abroad.(n.渴望)
13．You can book tickets at your local travel agency.(n.代理处)
14．She has the determination that her brother lacks.(vt.缺乏)
15．The Internet is often used as a resource and as a tool for distance learning.(n.资源)
16．Yesterday is history; tomorrow is mystery; today is present.(n.谜)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．70% of our globe's surface is water.(n.地球)
拓展：global adj.全球性的；全世界的
2．They argue continually about money.(vi.争论)
拓展：argument n．争论；争吵；论点
3．To keep healthy, you should get regular exercise.(adj.定期的)
拓展：regularly adv.经常；定期地
4．Unfortunately, my time is limited.(adj.有限的)
拓展：limit n．限制；极限；界限vt.限制
5．He is a determined man and I admire his determination.(adj.意志坚定的；n.决心)
拓展：determine vt.查明；确定；决定
6．I felt disappointed at his decision.(adj.失望的)
拓展：disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望
7．My mother is a strong-minded and independent woman.(adj.自立的)
拓展：independently adv.自立地；独立地→independence n．独立
8．Susan is a very bright and intelligent woman.(adj.聪明的)
拓展：intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
(写出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思)
1．He has two children to provide for.提供生活所需
2．In closing, space exploration provides the world with various benefits.最后
3．The battery on my mobile phone has run out, so I can't telephone you.耗尽
4．As a result, services have been sharply reduced.所以
5．Have you figured out how much it will cost during the holiday？弄清楚
6．He noted every detail so as to fix the scene in his mind.为了
7．I called early in the hope of catching her before she went to work.抱着……的希望
8．It's reported that the accident resulted in the death of two people.导致
9．Carry on with your work while I'm away.继续做
10．Have the passengers gone on board yet? 在船上
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.(不定式短语作后置定语)
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
写作亮句
Most importantly, the elderly are the first to taste the delicious food because they are well respected in China.
最重要的是，老人是第一个品尝美食的人，因为在中国老人很受尊重。
文化典句
Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
自信是走向成功的第一步。
2.
教材原句
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(be＋adj./n.＋to do)
把人送到其他星球或者甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易实现的目标。
写作亮句
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)He is so warm-hearted and easy-going that he is easy to get along with.
他热心和随和，很容易相处。
五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
心理或动作描写之“惊呆与轻松”
Silently and secretly, I slipped into the yard of the old lady.I looked around and there was nothing but silence.Holding my breath, I got the envelope I didn't sign jammed in her door.As I made my way out, the stone which had hung in my heart for three weeks was eventually gone.I sat on the ground in relief, staring at the sparkling stars smiling to me.I even looked forward to tomorrow's arrival.
悄悄地溜进了老太太的院子，我环顾四周，周围一片寂静。我屏住呼吸，把我没有签名的信封卡到了她的门上。当我走出去的时候，悬在我心上三个星期的石头终于不见了。我如释重负地坐在地上，凝视着向我微笑的闪闪发光的星星。我甚至期待着明天的到来。
[点评] 本段用“silently and secretly, slip into, hold my breath”等来表达作者紧张的心理；用“ ...the stone which had hung in my heart for three weeks was eventually gone, the sparkling stars smiling to me”来表达作者如释重负的心理，这里用“stone”比喻“压力”，“smiling”是拟人用法，更形象生动地突出了作者压力过后的轻松。
1．determine vt.查明；确定；决定
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①We've determined on/upon staying at home during the holidays.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)When the epidemic of COVID-19 broke out, he determined to_become (become) a volunteer who worked as a gate guard in our community.
③ Determined (determine) to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.
[系统归纳]
(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)
考查时常把determined to do sth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
2．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①As our family income decreased, Father argued against an increase in our pocket money.
②It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his opinion.
③Most of the members argued for his plan，which made him satisfied.
④They argued him into withdrawing his complaint.
⑤Why did he have an argument (argue) with his wife yesterday?
[系统归纳]
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
have an argument with 与……争论/争吵
3．result in导致；造成
[题点全练]
单句语法填空/同义句转换
①His stomachache resulted from his eating too much.
②His_eating_too_much_resulted_in_his_stomachache.(用result in改写①句)
选词填空(as a result/as a result of)
③People have better access to health care than they used to.As_a_result,_they're living longer.
④As_a_result_of your carelessness, the plan should be put off for at least one month.
[系统归纳]
result from 由……造成；因……而产生
as a result 所以；结果(是)
as a result of ... 作为……的结果
4．run out用完；耗尽
[题点全练]
单句语法填空/同义句转换
①We ran out of time before the party.
②They gave out after a long journey.
③All the supplies had been used up before they got rescued.
④Time_ran_out_before_the_party.(用run out改写①句)
[系统归纳]
(1)run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人。
(2)run out意为“……用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。
(3)give out意为“用尽；筋疲力尽”，为不及物动词短语。
(4)use up意为“用完；消耗尽”，为及物动词短语。
1．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①People were disappointed at/by/with the news that the satellite had been launched unsuccessfully.
②After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to_learn (learn) that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour.
③He_was_disappointed_that other guests were not coming.
其他客人没有来，他感到失望。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
be disappointed at/with/by sth.对某事感到失望
be disappointed to do sth.因做某事而失望
be disappointed that ...对……感到失望/沮丧
难点解释
(1)及物动词disappoint 意为“使失望/沮丧”，后面常接名词作宾语。
(2)disappointing常表示事物具有的性质或特征；disappointed常表示人所处的状态。
(3)much to one's disappointment＝to one's great disappointment使某人非常失望的是
[练重难点](选词填空/完成句子)
④One by one，the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.(disappointed/disappointing)
⑤Much to my disappointment, I found he had told a lie to his mother.(much/great)
⑥What disappoints_me_most is that only 10% of the students choose to read in their spare time in order to acquire knowledge and improve writing ability.
最令我感到失望的是，只有百分之十的学生为了获取知识和提高写作能力而在空闲时间选择阅读。
2．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The boy has a desire for a smartphone with a large internal memory.
②Many an exchange student has a desire to_learn (learn) Chinese culture.
③His mother desired him to_become (become) an architect after he grew up.
④They desire to_help (help) those who are in need of help.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
难点解释
(1)名词desire前可以加入strong或burning的修饰成分，表示程度。
(2)动词desire后跟that从句中的谓语动词常使用“ (should) do ...”的形式。
[练重难点]
句式升级(在①句中名词desire前加入修饰成分)
⑤The_boy_has_a_strong/burning_desire_for_a_smartphone_with_a_large_internal_memory.
句型转换(把③句变为复合句)
⑥His_mother_desired_that_he_(should)_become_an_architect_after_he_grew_up.
3．lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①There is a lack of knowledge about the new law.
②For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)for lack of 因缺乏……
a lack of 缺乏……
(2)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
难点解释
lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用。
[练重难点](单句语法填空)
③Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
④Lacking for sufficient oxygen, the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
⑤Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.
4．attach vt.系；绑；贴
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Father asked me to attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.
②This hospital attached (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.
③Chinese people attach_great_importance_to the seating order at formal dinners.
中国人非常重视在正式宴会上的座次顺序。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)attach ...to 附上；连接
attach importance/significance/value to sth.认为……有重要性/意义/价值
(2)be attached to 附属于；依恋
难点解释
(1)attach ...to ...中的to为介词，其后跟名词、动名词等
(2)以下两个基本用法的变形是营造写作亮点的重要手段：
Great importance is attached to sth.非常重视……(被动语态)
with sth. attached to sth. ……上附……
[练重难点]
句式升级(用被动语态改写③句)
④Great_importance_is_attached_to the seating order at formal dinners by Chinese people.
用with复合结构完成句子
⑤Located in Shandong Province, Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist attraction, with_many_Chinese_legendary_stories_attached_to_it.
泰山位于山东省，长期以来一直是受欢迎的旅游胜地，许多中国传奇故事都与之有关。
不定式短语作后置定语
[用法规则]
英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要有：
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时。
(2)抽象名词time, way, ability, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。
(3)不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。
[应用体验](完成句子)
①He is always the first to bear hardships and the_last_to_enjoy_comforts.
他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。
②It's said that she has the ability to_do_the_challenging_work_well.
据说她有能力做好这项具有挑战性的工作。
③I have something important about the construction in the downtown to_tell_you.
我有一些关于市区建设的要事要告诉你。
“太空探索”这一主题内容涉及人类探索太空的历史与成就(包括我国航天事业的发展和成就)、太空中的生活、火星探索计划、天文百科知识，以及关于“人类耗费时间和金钱去探索太空是否值得”这一话题的讨论等。该主题有利于引导学生关注人类太空探索的进程，不仅是为了开阔学生视野，更重要的是让学生感受和体会科学家以及宇航员们为航空航天事业的发展不断努力、勇于开拓的精神。这种精神激励学生勤奋学习、刻苦钻研、不畏挫折，努力探索自己的发展道路，为国家科技事业的发展奉献自己的智慧和力量。
IS EXPLORING SPACE
A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY?
(节选自人教版教材必修第三册UNIT 4)
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases.❶However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.(先介绍了人们关于太空探索是否值得这一争议，然后运用however话音一转，为本篇文章奠定了基调，即太空探索对我们有帮助)
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.(从太空探索在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥的作用的角度进行了说明)
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example，space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.(从太空探索促进技术进步的角度进行了说明)
Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.❷In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future, humans may live on both planets.(从太空探索促进人们思考全球问题、找到解决问题的方法的角度进行了说明)
In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short-term and long-term problems.(总括了太空探索的益处，表明太空探索应该继续下去这一观点)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段中的shallow形象地描述了一些人对太空探索的肤浅的、片面的认知。第二段中用make a difference写太空探索的影响，用directly一词强调其在绕地卫星方面的积极贡献，段尾用as a result引出本段主题。第三段中的promote, improvement，benefit, advanced等词是描述科技领域的积极影响时的常用词。
2．学高级句式
句❶中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词view，解释了为什么说这一观点是肤浅的。
句❷是一个主从复合句，句子用In order to引出目的状语，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词planets，语言精练地表达了科学家们正在努力寻找其他行星是因为它们有可能成为我们的新家园，以便满足地球上快速增长的人口需求。
3．学行文逻辑
本文为“总—分—总” 的结构。文章先是介绍了人们对太空探索存在的争议性看法，然后给出自己的观点，进而从三个方面对其进行论证、阐述。文章最后重申了对这一论点的支持态度。整篇文章用词严谨、逻辑缜密、论证清晰，令人信服。
Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．artificial satellite 人造卫星
2．discover new resources 发现新资源
3．put forward 提出
4．solar system 太阳系
5．return to the earth 返回地球
6．close to 靠近；亲近；临近
7．on the other hand 另一方面
8．space station 太空站；空间站
9．space exploration 太空探索
10．the outer space 外太空
11．manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船
12．come true 实现
13．conduct an experiment 进行实验
14．in the long run 从长远来看
15．energy shortages 能源短缺
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．I have long been interested in space exploration.
长期以来， 我一直对太空探索感兴趣。
2．The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more.
去外太空和其他星球的旅行不再是一个梦想。
3．Although living in space is not easy and very costly, the costs are worth it.
虽然在太空生活不容易，也很昂贵，但付出是值得的。
4．There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways.
毫无疑问， 我们在许多不同的方面受益于科学的进步。
5．We Chinese are proud of what we have achieved in the past two decades.
我们中国人都为我们在过去二十年中所取得的成就感到骄傲。
一、作文补写表达亮
下面这篇文章介绍了班级对“太空探索是否值得”这一问题进行的讨论，请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。
Students in our class had a discussion on ❶whether_exploring_the_space_was_worth_
it_or_not (探索太空是否值得；动名词短语作主语).30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile.They think ❷space_is_not_close_to_our_life (太空与我们的生活不密切)．And ❸the_money_spent_on_space_exploration (花在太空探索上的钱；非谓语动词短语作定语) can be used on starvation, pollution and so on.
❹On_the_other_hand (另一方面), 70% are for it because using satellites for communication and weather forecast ❺has_benefited_us_a_lot (已经让我们获益匪浅)．Also, space research ❻will_enable_us_to_discover_new_resources (将使得我们有能力发现新资源)and even move to other planets, ❼solving_the_problem_of_energy_shortages (解决能源短缺问题；分词短语作状语) and growing population on the Earth.
二、看图写作善联想
根据以下图片展开合理想象，介绍中国建设空间站的意义。词数80左右。
We_are_building_our_own_space_station_as_a_platform_for_humanity's_exploration_of_space.Although_living_in_space_is_not_easy_and_very_costly,_the_costs_are_worth_it.Firstly,_the_microgravity_conditions_on_the_space_station_can_help_obtain_experimental_results_that_are_impossible_to_get_on_Earth.Besides,_the_vast_universe_is_a_treasure_house_for_humans_to_explore.Also,_the_Chinese_space_station_will_put_forward_new_requirements_for_the_development_of_various_fields,_and_then_promote_the_improvement_of_the_overall_scientific_and_technological_level.
课时作业(一) 语篇阅读训练——保准度
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·佛山二模)The future of space exploration may depend on an art form from the past: origami (折纸艺术), the ancient art of paper folding.
Researchers from Washington State University (WSU), US, have used origami to possibly solve the problem of storing and moving fuel to rocket engines, a key challenge in space travel, according to Newswise.They've developed a foldable plastic fuel “bladder (囊状物)” resistant to super cold temperatures, which could be used to store and pump fuel in spacecrafts of the future.Their findings have recently been published in the journal Cryogenics.
“Folks have been trying to make bags for rocket fuel for a long time，” said Jake Leachman, one of the lead researchers.“We currently don't do large, longduration trips because we can't store fuel long enough in space.”
Meanwhile, NASA is also looking to paper folding to help observe distant planets.The agency is currently developing Starshade, a foldable, sunflowershaped piece of hardware that would help block starlight and enable telescopes to view distant objects more clearly in space.
“A huge part of my job is looking at something on paper and asking, ‘Can we fly this？’” Manan Arya, a technologist in California, said.“Once I realized this is how you fold spacecraft structures, I became interested in origami.I realized I was good at it and enjoyed it.Now, I fold constantly.”
Using origami for space purposes isn't new, however.Solar arrays (太阳能阵列), experimental wings for space shuttle programs and an inflatable (可充气的) satellite were also inspired by origami in both past and present space projects.
“With most origami, the magic comes from the folding，” Robert Salazar, who helped design the Starshade and now works on the Transformers project, said in a statement.“There are so many patterns to still be explored.”
1．Which can be the suitable title for the text?
A．Folding into space.
B．The art of paper folding.
C．Space exploration.
D．The origamiinspired projects.
解析：选A 标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“The future of ..., the ancient art of paper folding.”可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。
2．How could the “bladder” help in future missions?
A．To protect spacecrafts from extreme weather.
B．To be used to store and supply fuel in spacecrafts.
C．To help rocket engines cut energy consumption.
D．To be used to improve energy efficiency.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They've developed ...in spacecrafts of the future.”可知，囊状物被用来在航天器中存储和提供燃料。
3．What can we know about NASA's Starshade?
A．It can be used to get telescopes closer to stars.
B．It can enlarge the view of telescopes in space.
C．It can absorb a star's light before it enters telescopes.
D．It can help telescopes get clearer pictures of objects in space.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The agency is ...to view distant objects more clearly in space.”可知，NASA的Starshade可以帮助望远镜获得更清晰的太空物体图像。
4．Which section is this text from?
A．A travel journal. B．A digest.
C．A science report. D．An advertisement.
解析：选C 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用，所以文章是一篇科学报道。
B
The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains：the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.
One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earthbased telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange,_winding_marks. Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have roundedged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowlshaped insides, and depths that are about onesixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。
5．What does the text mainly discuss?
A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.
B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.
C．The origin of the moon's craters.
D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The moon, which has experienced ... the Terrace (bright highlands)．”并结合文章详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。
6．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned?
A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface.
B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable.
C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface.
D．To identify how the moon's craters were made.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The contrast in the reflectivity ... Surveyor and Apollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选 A。
7．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in Paragraph 3 as an example of ________.
A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
B．a characteristic of large craters
C．a discovery made through the use of earthbased telescopes
D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the earth and the moon
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earthbased telescopes can recognize ... winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。
8．The last paragraph probably continues with______.
A．some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed
B．the different shapes small craters can have
C．the reasons craters are difficult to study
D．the description of some features of large craters
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The CassiniHuygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week, has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.__9__ The different colours show exactly what the rings are.The red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases.__10__ That's why it is so light and it could float on water — if a big enough ocean could be found!
__11__ It aims to explore the planet and its rings and moons.It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant” planet, which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.
Scientists say the spacecraft's fouryear tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed.__12__
The probe has sent back pictures of some of Saturn's moons, including Phoebe and Titan.Phoebe has a strange shape.___13__ Saturn's biggest moon, Titan, is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface.The images of Phoebe and Titan look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions.
A．Saturn itself is made of gases.
B．The pictures are hard to take in space.
C．The probe is an international space project.
D．They will discover more secrets about the spacecraft.
E．The pictures show them in shades of blue, green and red.
F．It will also study the planet's atmosphere and magnetic field.
G．Unlike other planets and their moons, it is not perfectly round.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了CassiniHuygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。
9．选E 根据上文可知探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中The pictures对应上文中photographs。故E选项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示它们”符合语境。
10．选A 根据上文可知，照片上蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说那就是它这么轻的原因，由此可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境。
11．选C 根据下文可知，主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，下文中It指代C选项中The probe。故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境。
12．选F 根据上文可知，航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文中the spacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境。
13．选G 根据上文可知，菲比形状很奇怪，本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
A 54yearold dentist, Goodman purchased his first __14__ and joined the Howard Astronomical League (HAL)．“There aren't too many big astronomy __15__，” said Marc Feuerberg, who is President of HAL. “If you are into astronomy at all, you kind of end up here.”
HAL which has about 120 members __16__ “star parties” several times a month.The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools, with the __17__ of creating a new generation of sky __18__.
Astronomy in general is sort of like ham radio.It was __19__ just after World War Ⅱ，__20__ now it is “kind of graying”， said Chas Rimpo, the club's events organizer.
Members offer several reasons for the __21__： kids today would rather look at stuff on computers than __22__； people think the telescopes are hard to __23__.
But they say there's nothing like being outdoors, looking at the sky and considering Earth's tiny place in the __24__.
HAL members are doing what they can to make an impression on a new generation of __25__ astronomy lovers.Plans are under way to __26__ the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park, said Rimpo.
Alpha Ridge Park was chosen as the site because it is __27__ located near Interstate 70, but mostly because it has little light pollution, said Goodman.
“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place，” Goodman said, “but once it is __28__， it will be run by HAL members and be open to the public.And it will give HAL a place of its own.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。
14．A.radio B．telescope
C．machine D．computer
解析：选B 根据后文Howard Astronomical League可推知，Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。
15．A.schools B．clubs
C．companies D．centers
解析：选B 根据上文Howard Astronomical League可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。
16．A.takes B．holds
C．builds D．opens
解析：选B 根据后文“star parties”可知，是举办(holds)“星星派对”。后文“The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools”也有提示。故选B。
17．A.opinion B．suggestion
C．goal D．agreement
解析：选C 根据后文“of creating a new generation of sky”可知，是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。
18．A.watchers B．astronauts
C．visitors D．astronomers
解析：选A 根据上文Goodman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。
19．A.successful B．popular
C．important D．secure
解析：选B 根据后文now it is “kind of graying”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。
20．A.and B．so
C．but D．though
解析：选C 根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。
21．A.shortcomings B．disadvantages
C．failure D．decline
解析：选D 根据上文now it is “kind of graying”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。
22．A.watch out B．go away
C．go out D．give away
解析：选C 根据上文“kids today would rather look at stuff on computers”可知，如今的孩子喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。
23．A.operate B．purchase
C．adjust D．calculate
解析：选A 根据上文people think the telescopes are hard to可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(operate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。
24．A.sky B．universe
C．earth D．world
解析：选B 根据上文considering Earth's tiny place in the可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。
25．A.skillful B．excellent
C．potential D．patient
解析：选C 根据上文a new generation of可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。
26．A.pick B．insert
C．fit D．place
解析：选C 根据后文“the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park”可知，在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的计划正在进行。故选C。
27．A.totally B．conveniently
C．partly D．conventionally
解析：选B 根据后文“located near Interstate 70”可知，阿尔法岭公园靠近70号州际公路，交通很方便。故选B。
28．A.chosen B．designed
C．completed D．found
解析：选C 根据上文“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place”可知，此处表示天文台一旦完成。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The 500metre Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, also known as China's Tianyan or “Sky Eye”， has__1__ (official) opened to global scientists since March, 2021.
As we know, radio telescopes __2__ (design) to “listen” or “receive” signals emitted from the universe.With specialized antennas (天线) and radio receivers, these telescopes can detect radio waves from stars, galaxies and black holes.The data collected in turn help scientists __3__ (good) explore the universe.It will also be used occasionally to search for alien life.
The giant radio telescope will also help find more pulsars (脉冲星), which send out steady signals and waves in a regular rhythm.Scientists use pulsars __4__ (study) the extreme states of matter, measure cosmic (宇宙的) distances and track time in an ultraprecise (超精密) way.So far, it __5__ (discover) more than 240 pulsars.
__6__ (locate) in southwest China's Guizhou Province，__7__ largest singledish radio telescope of the world was completed in 2016.It was put to use __8__ January 11, 2020.FAST is now the only “Sky Eye” __9__ humans can use to observe cosmic waves.It has immense potential to detect fast radio bursts and gravitational waves, __10__ (provide) data support for research into the physical process of the Big Bang, according to experts at the NAO.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“天眼”望远镜已经投入使用和其工作原理，它为研究大爆炸的物理过程提供了数据支持。
1．officially 考查副词。使用副词作状语修饰谓语动词。
2．are designed 考查时态和语态。该句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，主语 radio telescopes (复数意义)和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
3．better 考查比较级。科学家这样做的目的是为了研究宇宙，那么通过收集到的数据会促进科学家“更好地”研究宇宙，因此这里使用比较级的形式。
4．to study 考查动词不定式。此处使用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了做某事”。
5．has discovered 考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“so far”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语it为单数意义，故填has discovered。
6．Located 考查过去分词。主语 telescope与locate是被动关系，应填locate的过去分词作状语。(be)located in “位于”。
7．the 考查冠词。由“of the world”和“largest”可知，该单碟射电望远镜是世界范围内最大的，这是形容词的最高级形式。
8．on 考查介词。此处表示“在具体的某一天”，应使用介词on。
9．that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词Sky Eye(指物)在从句中作宾语并且先行词前有the only限制，因此应用关系代词that而不能使用which引导定语从句。
10．providing 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，provide在句中作非谓语动词，它与前面的“detect fast radio bursts and gravitational waves”在逻辑上是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Carson写邮件与你探讨太空探索的未来。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示对该话题感兴趣；
2．探讨太空探索的未来；
3．期待更多交流。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
参考范文：
Dear Carson，
I am interested in discussing the future of space exploration with you.
In the future, more and more private companies from around the world will invent new generations of spaceships, which will reduce the cost of sending humans into space.We will see the next generation of moonwalkers, as well as the development of new technology that will help us better explore outer space.Nations should join hands in space exploration.
I hope we will further our discussions about the topic and share the latest news and information.Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．an analysis of poverty 对贫穷的分析
2．be keen on collecting stamps 热衷于收集邮票
3．a fatal accident 致命的事故
4．a shallow person 一个肤浅的人
5．sufficient time 充足的时间
6．the planet's orbit 行星的轨道
7．an ongoing debate 持续的辩论
8．Newton's law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律
9．take a spacewalk 进行太空行走
10．the first astronaut to explore space 第一个探索太空的宇航员
11．the secrets of the universe 宇宙的奥秘
12．unmanned spacecraft 无人飞船
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．We can recycle plastic bottles.(vt.回收利用)
2．Be modest, otherwise you will fall behind.(adv.否则)
3．Her performance at yesterday's concert was beyond compare.(prep.超出)
4．She was staring at her computer monitor.(n.监视器)
5．The current situation is very disappointing.(adj.当前的)
6．You are supposed to attach a recent photograph to your application form.(vt.贴)
7．It signalled one step further in the plan to establish a space station.(vt.标志着)
8．It's important to ensure that the data we collect is accurate.(n.数据)
9．Scientists make vehicles to carry people into space.(n.交通工具)
10．The environment has a significant influence on the mental development of the children.(adj.精神的)
11．The rocket launched two communications satellites.(n.火箭；vt.发射；n.人造卫星)
12．They have a strong desire to go abroad.(n.渴望)
13．You can book tickets at your local travel agency.(n.代理处)
14．She has the determination that her brother lacks.(vt.缺乏)
15．The Internet is often used as a resource and as a tool for distance learning.(n.资源)
16．Yesterday is history; tomorrow is mystery; today is present.(n.谜)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．70% of our globe's surface is water.(n.地球)
拓展：global adj.全球性的；全世界的
2．They argue continually about money.(vi.争论)
拓展：argument n．争论；争吵；论点
3．To keep healthy, you should get regular exercise.(adj.定期的)
拓展：regularly adv.经常；定期地
4．Unfortunately, my time is limited.(adj.有限的)
拓展：limit n．限制；极限；界限vt.限制
5．He is a determined man and I admire his determination.(adj.意志坚定的；n.决心)
拓展：determine vt.查明；确定；决定
6．I felt disappointed at his decision.(adj.失望的)
拓展：disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望
7．My mother is a strong-minded and independent woman.(adj.自立的)
拓展：independently adv.自立地；独立地→independence n．独立
8．Susan is a very bright and intelligent woman.(adj.聪明的)
拓展：intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
(写出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思)
1．He has two children to provide for.提供生活所需
2．In closing, space exploration provides the world with various benefits.最后
3．The battery on my mobile phone has run out, so I can't telephone you.耗尽
4．As a result, services have been sharply reduced.所以
5．Have you figured out how much it will cost during the holiday？弄清楚
6．He noted every detail so as to fix the scene in his mind.为了
7．I called early in the hope of catching her before she went to work.抱着……的希望
8．It's reported that the accident resulted in the death of two people.导致
9．Carry on with your work while I'm away.继续做
10．Have the passengers gone on board yet? 在船上
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.(不定式短语作后置定语)
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
写作亮句
Most importantly, the elderly are the first to taste the delicious food because they are well respected in China.
最重要的是，老人是第一个品尝美食的人，因为在中国老人很受尊重。
文化典句
Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
自信是走向成功的第一步。
2.
教材原句
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(be＋adj./n.＋to do)
把人送到其他星球或者甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易实现的目标。
写作亮句
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)He is so warm-hearted and easy-going that he is easy to get along with.
他热心和随和，很容易相处。
五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
心理或动作描写之“惊呆与轻松”
Silently and secretly, I slipped into the yard of the old lady.I looked around and there was nothing but silence.Holding my breath, I got the envelope I didn't sign jammed in her door.As I made my way out, the stone which had hung in my heart for three weeks was eventually gone.I sat on the ground in relief, staring at the sparkling stars smiling to me.I even looked forward to tomorrow's arrival.
悄悄地溜进了老太太的院子，我环顾四周，周围一片寂静。我屏住呼吸，把我没有签名的信封卡到了她的门上。当我走出去的时候，悬在我心上三个星期的石头终于不见了。我如释重负地坐在地上，凝视着向我微笑的闪闪发光的星星。我甚至期待着明天的到来。
[点评] 本段用“silently and secretly, slip into, hold my breath”等来表达作者紧张的心理；用“ ...the stone which had hung in my heart for three weeks was eventually gone, the sparkling stars smiling to me”来表达作者如释重负的心理，这里用“stone”比喻“压力”，“smiling”是拟人用法，更形象生动地突出了作者压力过后的轻松。
1．determine vt.查明；确定；决定
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①We've determined on/upon staying at home during the holidays.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)When the epidemic of COVID-19 broke out, he determined to_become (become) a volunteer who worked as a gate guard in our community.
③ Determined (determine) to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.
[系统归纳]
(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)
考查时常把determined to do sth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
2．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①As our family income decreased, Father argued against an increase in our pocket money.
②It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his opinion.
③Most of the members argued for his plan，which made him satisfied.
④They argued him into withdrawing his complaint.
⑤Why did he have an argument (argue) with his wife yesterday?
[系统归纳]
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
have an argument with 与……争论/争吵
3．result in导致；造成
[题点全练]
单句语法填空/同义句转换
①His stomachache resulted from his eating too much.
②His_eating_too_much_resulted_in_his_stomachache.(用result in改写①句)
选词填空(as a result/as a result of)
③People have better access to health care than they used to.As_a_result,_they're living longer.
④As_a_result_of your carelessness, the plan should be put off for at least one month.
[系统归纳]
result from 由……造成；因……而产生
as a result 所以；结果(是)
as a result of ... 作为……的结果
4．run out用完；耗尽
[题点全练]
单句语法填空/同义句转换
①We ran out of time before the party.
②They gave out after a long journey.
③All the supplies had been used up before they got rescued.
④Time_ran_out_before_the_party.(用run out改写①句)
[系统归纳]
(1)run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人。
(2)run out意为“……用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。
(3)give out意为“用尽；筋疲力尽”，为不及物动词短语。
(4)use up意为“用完；消耗尽”，为及物动词短语。
1．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①People were disappointed at/by/with the news that the satellite had been launched unsuccessfully.
②After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to_learn (learn) that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour.
③He_was_disappointed_that other guests were not coming.
其他客人没有来，他感到失望。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
be disappointed at/with/by sth.对某事感到失望
be disappointed to do sth.因做某事而失望
be disappointed that ...对……感到失望/沮丧
难点解释
(1)及物动词disappoint 意为“使失望/沮丧”，后面常接名词作宾语。
(2)disappointing常表示事物具有的性质或特征；disappointed常表示人所处的状态。
(3)much to one's disappointment＝to one's great disappointment使某人非常失望的是
[练重难点](选词填空/完成句子)
④One by one，the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.(disappointed/disappointing)
⑤Much to my disappointment, I found he had told a lie to his mother.(much/great)
⑥What disappoints_me_most is that only 10% of the students choose to read in their spare time in order to acquire knowledge and improve writing ability.
最令我感到失望的是，只有百分之十的学生为了获取知识和提高写作能力而在空闲时间选择阅读。
2．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The boy has a desire for a smartphone with a large internal memory.
②Many an exchange student has a desire to_learn (learn) Chinese culture.
③His mother desired him to_become (become) an architect after he grew up.
④They desire to_help (help) those who are in need of help.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
难点解释
(1)名词desire前可以加入strong或burning的修饰成分，表示程度。
(2)动词desire后跟that从句中的谓语动词常使用“ (should) do ...”的形式。
[练重难点]
句式升级(在①句中名词desire前加入修饰成分)
⑤The_boy_has_a_strong/burning_desire_for_a_smartphone_with_a_large_internal_memory.
句型转换(把③句变为复合句)
⑥His_mother_desired_that_he_(should)_become_an_architect_after_he_grew_up.
3．lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①There is a lack of knowledge about the new law.
②For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)for lack of 因缺乏……
a lack of 缺乏……
(2)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
难点解释
lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用。
[练重难点](单句语法填空)
③Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
④Lacking for sufficient oxygen, the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
⑤Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.
4．attach vt.系；绑；贴
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Father asked me to attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.
②This hospital attached (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.
③Chinese people attach_great_importance_to the seating order at formal dinners.
中国人非常重视在正式宴会上的座次顺序。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)attach ...to 附上；连接
attach importance/significance/value to sth.认为……有重要性/意义/价值
(2)be attached to 附属于；依恋
难点解释
(1)attach ...to ...中的to为介词，其后跟名词、动名词等
(2)以下两个基本用法的变形是营造写作亮点的重要手段：
Great importance is attached to sth.非常重视……(被动语态)
with sth. attached to sth. ……上附……
[练重难点]
句式升级(用被动语态改写③句)
④Great_importance_is_attached_to the seating order at formal dinners by Chinese people.
用with复合结构完成句子
⑤Located in Shandong Province, Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist attraction, with_many_Chinese_legendary_stories_attached_to_it.
泰山位于山东省，长期以来一直是受欢迎的旅游胜地，许多中国传奇故事都与之有关。
不定式短语作后置定语
[用法规则]
英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要有：
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时。
(2)抽象名词time, way, ability, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。
(3)不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。
[应用体验](完成句子)
①He is always the first to bear hardships and the_last_to_enjoy_comforts.
他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。
②It's said that she has the ability to_do_the_challenging_work_well.
据说她有能力做好这项具有挑战性的工作。
③I have something important about the construction in the downtown to_tell_you.
我有一些关于市区建设的要事要告诉你。
“太空探索”这一主题内容涉及人类探索太空的历史与成就(包括我国航天事业的发展和成就)、太空中的生活、火星探索计划、天文百科知识，以及关于“人类耗费时间和金钱去探索太空是否值得”这一话题的讨论等。该主题有利于引导学生关注人类太空探索的进程，不仅是为了开阔学生视野，更重要的是让学生感受和体会科学家以及宇航员们为航空航天事业的发展不断努力、勇于开拓的精神。这种精神激励学生勤奋学习、刻苦钻研、不畏挫折，努力探索自己的发展道路，为国家科技事业的发展奉献自己的智慧和力量。
IS EXPLORING SPACE
A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY?
(节选自人教版教材必修第三册UNIT 4)
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases.❶However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.(先介绍了人们关于太空探索是否值得这一争议，然后运用however话音一转，为本篇文章奠定了基调，即太空探索对我们有帮助)
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.(从太空探索在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥的作用的角度进行了说明)
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example，space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.(从太空探索促进技术进步的角度进行了说明)
Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.❷In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future, humans may live on both planets.(从太空探索促进人们思考全球问题、找到解决问题的方法的角度进行了说明)
In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short-term and long-term problems.(总括了太空探索的益处，表明太空探索应该继续下去这一观点)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段中的shallow形象地描述了一些人对太空探索的肤浅的、片面的认知。第二段中用make a difference写太空探索的影响，用directly一词强调其在绕地卫星方面的积极贡献，段尾用as a result引出本段主题。第三段中的promote, improvement，benefit, advanced等词是描述科技领域的积极影响时的常用词。
2．学高级句式
句❶中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词view，解释了为什么说这一观点是肤浅的。
句❷是一个主从复合句，句子用In order to引出目的状语，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词planets，语言精练地表达了科学家们正在努力寻找其他行星是因为它们有可能成为我们的新家园，以便满足地球上快速增长的人口需求。
3．学行文逻辑
本文为“总—分—总” 的结构。文章先是介绍了人们对太空探索存在的争议性看法，然后给出自己的观点，进而从三个方面对其进行论证、阐述。文章最后重申了对这一论点的支持态度。整篇文章用词严谨、逻辑缜密、论证清晰，令人信服。
Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．artificial satellite 人造卫星
2．discover new resources 发现新资源
3．put forward 提出
4．solar system 太阳系
5．return to the earth 返回地球
6．close to 靠近；亲近；临近
7．on the other hand 另一方面
8．space station 太空站；空间站
9．space exploration 太空探索
10．the outer space 外太空
11．manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船
12．come true 实现
13．conduct an experiment 进行实验
14．in the long run 从长远来看
15．energy shortages 能源短缺
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．I have long been interested in space exploration.
长期以来， 我一直对太空探索感兴趣。
2．The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more.
去外太空和其他星球的旅行不再是一个梦想。
3．Although living in space is not easy and very costly, the costs are worth it.
虽然在太空生活不容易，也很昂贵，但付出是值得的。
4．There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways.
毫无疑问， 我们在许多不同的方面受益于科学的进步。
5．We Chinese are proud of what we have achieved in the past two decades.
我们中国人都为我们在过去二十年中所取得的成就感到骄傲。
一、作文补写表达亮
下面这篇文章介绍了班级对“太空探索是否值得”这一问题进行的讨论，请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。
Students in our class had a discussion on ❶whether_exploring_the_space_was_worth_
it_or_not (探索太空是否值得；动名词短语作主语).30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile.They think ❷space_is_not_close_to_our_life (太空与我们的生活不密切)．And ❸the_money_spent_on_space_exploration (花在太空探索上的钱；非谓语动词短语作定语) can be used on starvation, pollution and so on.
❹On_the_other_hand (另一方面), 70% are for it because using satellites for communication and weather forecast ❺has_benefited_us_a_lot (已经让我们获益匪浅)．Also, space research ❻will_enable_us_to_discover_new_resources (将使得我们有能力发现新资源)and even move to other planets, ❼solving_the_problem_of_energy_shortages (解决能源短缺问题；分词短语作状语) and growing population on the Earth.
二、看图写作善联想
根据以下图片展开合理想象，介绍中国建设空间站的意义。词数80左右。
We_are_building_our_own_space_station_as_a_platform_for_humanity's_exploration_of_space.Although_living_in_space_is_not_easy_and_very_costly,_the_costs_are_worth_it.Firstly,_the_microgravity_conditions_on_the_space_station_can_help_obtain_experimental_results_that_are_impossible_to_get_on_Earth.Besides,_the_vast_universe_is_a_treasure_house_for_humans_to_explore.Also,_the_Chinese_space_station_will_put_forward_new_requirements_for_the_development_of_various_fields,_and_then_promote_the_improvement_of_the_overall_scientific_and_technological_level.
课时作业(一) 语篇阅读训练——保准度
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·佛山二模)The future of space exploration may depend on an art form from the past: origami (折纸艺术), the ancient art of paper folding.
Researchers from Washington State University (WSU), US, have used origami to possibly solve the problem of storing and moving fuel to rocket engines, a key challenge in space travel, according to Newswise.They've developed a foldable plastic fuel “bladder (囊状物)” resistant to super cold temperatures, which could be used to store and pump fuel in spacecrafts of the future.Their findings have recently been published in the journal Cryogenics.
“Folks have been trying to make bags for rocket fuel for a long time，” said Jake Leachman, one of the lead researchers.“We currently don't do large, longduration trips because we can't store fuel long enough in space.”
Meanwhile, NASA is also looking to paper folding to help observe distant planets.The agency is currently developing Starshade, a foldable, sunflowershaped piece of hardware that would help block starlight and enable telescopes to view distant objects more clearly in space.
“A huge part of my job is looking at something on paper and asking, ‘Can we fly this？’” Manan Arya, a technologist in California, said.“Once I realized this is how you fold spacecraft structures, I became interested in origami.I realized I was good at it and enjoyed it.Now, I fold constantly.”
Using origami for space purposes isn't new, however.Solar arrays (太阳能阵列), experimental wings for space shuttle programs and an inflatable (可充气的) satellite were also inspired by origami in both past and present space projects.
“With most origami, the magic comes from the folding，” Robert Salazar, who helped design the Starshade and now works on the Transformers project, said in a statement.“There are so many patterns to still be explored.”
1．Which can be the suitable title for the text?
A．Folding into space.
B．The art of paper folding.
C．Space exploration.
D．The origamiinspired projects.
解析：选A 标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“The future of ..., the ancient art of paper folding.”可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。
2．How could the “bladder” help in future missions?
A．To protect spacecrafts from extreme weather.
B．To be used to store and supply fuel in spacecrafts.
C．To help rocket engines cut energy consumption.
D．To be used to improve energy efficiency.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They've developed ...in spacecrafts of the future.”可知，囊状物被用来在航天器中存储和提供燃料。
3．What can we know about NASA's Starshade?
A．It can be used to get telescopes closer to stars.
B．It can enlarge the view of telescopes in space.
C．It can absorb a star's light before it enters telescopes.
D．It can help telescopes get clearer pictures of objects in space.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The agency is ...to view distant objects more clearly in space.”可知，NASA的Starshade可以帮助望远镜获得更清晰的太空物体图像。
4．Which section is this text from?
A．A travel journal. B．A digest.
C．A science report. D．An advertisement.
解析：选C 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用，所以文章是一篇科学报道。
B
The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains：the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.
One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earthbased telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange,_winding_marks. Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have roundedged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowlshaped insides, and depths that are about onesixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。
5．What does the text mainly discuss?
A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.
B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.
C．The origin of the moon's craters.
D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The moon, which has experienced ... the Terrace (bright highlands)．”并结合文章详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。
6．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned?
A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface.
B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable.
C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface.
D．To identify how the moon's craters were made.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The contrast in the reflectivity ... Surveyor and Apollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选 A。
7．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in Paragraph 3 as an example of ________.
A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
B．a characteristic of large craters
C．a discovery made through the use of earthbased telescopes
D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the earth and the moon
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earthbased telescopes can recognize ... winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。
8．The last paragraph probably continues with______.
A．some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed
B．the different shapes small craters can have
C．the reasons craters are difficult to study
D．the description of some features of large craters
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The CassiniHuygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week, has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.__9__ The different colours show exactly what the rings are.The red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases.__10__ That's why it is so light and it could float on water — if a big enough ocean could be found!
__11__ It aims to explore the planet and its rings and moons.It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant” planet, which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.
Scientists say the spacecraft's fouryear tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed.__12__
The probe has sent back pictures of some of Saturn's moons, including Phoebe and Titan.Phoebe has a strange shape.___13__ Saturn's biggest moon, Titan, is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface.The images of Phoebe and Titan look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions.
A．Saturn itself is made of gases.
B．The pictures are hard to take in space.
C．The probe is an international space project.
D．They will discover more secrets about the spacecraft.
E．The pictures show them in shades of blue, green and red.
F．It will also study the planet's atmosphere and magnetic field.
G．Unlike other planets and their moons, it is not perfectly round.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了CassiniHuygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。
9．选E 根据上文可知探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中The pictures对应上文中photographs。故E选项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示它们”符合语境。
10．选A 根据上文可知，照片上蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说那就是它这么轻的原因，由此可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境。
11．选C 根据下文可知，主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，下文中It指代C选项中The probe。故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境。
12．选F 根据上文可知，航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文中the spacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境。
13．选G 根据上文可知，菲比形状很奇怪，本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
A 54yearold dentist, Goodman purchased his first __14__ and joined the Howard Astronomical League (HAL)．“There aren't too many big astronomy __15__，” said Marc Feuerberg, who is President of HAL. “If you are into astronomy at all, you kind of end up here.”
HAL which has about 120 members __16__ “star parties” several times a month.The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools, with the __17__ of creating a new generation of sky __18__.
Astronomy in general is sort of like ham radio.It was __19__ just after World War Ⅱ，__20__ now it is “kind of graying”， said Chas Rimpo, the club's events organizer.
Members offer several reasons for the __21__： kids today would rather look at stuff on computers than __22__； people think the telescopes are hard to __23__.
But they say there's nothing like being outdoors, looking at the sky and considering Earth's tiny place in the __24__.
HAL members are doing what they can to make an impression on a new generation of __25__ astronomy lovers.Plans are under way to __26__ the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park, said Rimpo.
Alpha Ridge Park was chosen as the site because it is __27__ located near Interstate 70, but mostly because it has little light pollution, said Goodman.
“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place，” Goodman said, “but once it is __28__， it will be run by HAL members and be open to the public.And it will give HAL a place of its own.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。
14．A.radio B．telescope
C．machine D．computer
解析：选B 根据后文Howard Astronomical League可推知，Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。
15．A.schools B．clubs
C．companies D．centers
解析：选B 根据上文Howard Astronomical League可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。
16．A.takes B．holds
C．builds D．opens
解析：选B 根据后文“star parties”可知，是举办(holds)“星星派对”。后文“The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools”也有提示。故选B。
17．A.opinion B．suggestion
C．goal D．agreement
解析：选C 根据后文“of creating a new generation of sky”可知，是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。
18．A.watchers B．astronauts
C．visitors D．astronomers
解析：选A 根据上文Goodman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。
19．A.successful B．popular
C．important D．secure
解析：选B 根据后文now it is “kind of graying”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。
20．A.and B．so
C．but D．though
解析：选C 根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。
21．A.shortcomings B．disadvantages
C．failure D．decline
解析：选D 根据上文now it is “kind of graying”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。
22．A.watch out B．go away
C．go out D．give away
解析：选C 根据上文“kids today would rather look at stuff on computers”可知，如今的孩子喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。
23．A.operate B．purchase
C．adjust D．calculate
解析：选A 根据上文people think the telescopes are hard to可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(operate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。
24．A.sky B．universe
C．earth D．world
解析：选B 根据上文considering Earth's tiny place in the可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。
25．A.skillful B．excellent
C．potential D．patient
解析：选C 根据上文a new generation of可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。
26．A.pick B．insert
C．fit D．place
解析：选C 根据后文“the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park”可知，在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的计划正在进行。故选C。
27．A.totally B．conveniently
C．partly D．conventionally
解析：选B 根据后文“located near Interstate 70”可知，阿尔法岭公园靠近70号州际公路，交通很方便。故选B。
28．A.chosen B．designed
C．completed D．found
解析：选C 根据上文“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place”可知，此处表示天文台一旦完成。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The 500metre Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, also known as China's Tianyan or “Sky Eye”， has__1__ (official) opened to global scientists since March, 2021.
As we know, radio telescopes __2__ (design) to “listen” or “receive” signals emitted from the universe.With specialized antennas (天线) and radio receivers, these telescopes can detect radio waves from stars, galaxies and black holes.The data collected in turn help scientists __3__ (good) explore the universe.It will also be used occasionally to search for alien life.
The giant radio telescope will also help find more pulsars (脉冲星), which send out steady signals and waves in a regular rhythm.Scientists use pulsars __4__ (study) the extreme states of matter, measure cosmic (宇宙的) distances and track time in an ultraprecise (超精密) way.So far, it __5__ (discover) more than 240 pulsars.
__6__ (locate) in southwest China's Guizhou Province，__7__ largest singledish radio telescope of the world was completed in 2016.It was put to use __8__ January 11, 2020.FAST is now the only “Sky Eye” __9__ humans can use to observe cosmic waves.It has immense potential to detect fast radio bursts and gravitational waves, __10__ (provide) data support for research into the physical process of the Big Bang, according to experts at the NAO.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“天眼”望远镜已经投入使用和其工作原理，它为研究大爆炸的物理过程提供了数据支持。
1．officially 考查副词。使用副词作状语修饰谓语动词。
2．are designed 考查时态和语态。该句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，主语 radio telescopes (复数意义)和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
3．better 考查比较级。科学家这样做的目的是为了研究宇宙，那么通过收集到的数据会促进科学家“更好地”研究宇宙，因此这里使用比较级的形式。
4．to study 考查动词不定式。此处使用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了做某事”。
5．has discovered 考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“so far”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语it为单数意义，故填has discovered。
6．Located 考查过去分词。主语 telescope与locate是被动关系，应填locate的过去分词作状语。(be)located in “位于”。
7．the 考查冠词。由“of the world”和“largest”可知，该单碟射电望远镜是世界范围内最大的，这是形容词的最高级形式。
8．on 考查介词。此处表示“在具体的某一天”，应使用介词on。
9．that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词Sky Eye(指物)在从句中作宾语并且先行词前有the only限制，因此应用关系代词that而不能使用which引导定语从句。
10．providing 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，provide在句中作非谓语动词，它与前面的“detect fast radio bursts and gravitational waves”在逻辑上是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Carson写邮件与你探讨太空探索的未来。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示对该话题感兴趣；
2．探讨太空探索的未来；
3．期待更多交流。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
参考范文：
Dear Carson，
I am interested in discussing the future of space exploration with you.
In the future, more and more private companies from around the world will invent new generations of spaceships, which will reduce the cost of sending humans into space.We will see the next generation of moonwalkers, as well as the development of new technology that will help us better explore outer space.Nations should join hands in space exploration.
I hope we will further our discussions about the topic and share the latest news and information.Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
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