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【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 2 课时3 Grammar 讲义
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这是一份【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 2 课时3 Grammar 讲义，文件包含Unit2课时3Grammar学生版docx、Unit2课时3Grammar教师版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共22页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious！
目标导航
Grammar
现在完成进行时；宾语从句；感叹句；直接引语和间接引语
知识精讲
知识点01 现在完成进行时
【语法精讲】现在完成进行时：表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续延续下去
结构：have/ has been + doing +其他 已经...
He has been swimming for more than two hours. 他已经游泳两个小时了
I have been writing a novel. 我一直在写一本小说
【即学即练】1．My father ________ in a panda protection center for 10 years.
A．was working B．is working C．has been working D．will working
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我父亲已经在熊猫保护中心工作了10年。
考查现在完成进行时。根据“My father … in a panda protection center for 10 years.”结合语境可知我父亲已经在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，而且动作还将继续下去，因此时态应用现在完成进行时，其结构为have/has+been+动词的现在分词；故选C。
知识点02 宾语从句
【语法精讲】 宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语
We know （that） he likes English.
主语 谓语 宾语
宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序、时态
连接词：
①that（即陈述句作宾语从句。that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用。that不用翻译出来，在口语中常省略。）
The girl said, “I can help him.” →The girl said (that) she could help him.
②if/whether（whether或if在句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。翻译成“是否”。 主句 + if / whether + 由一般疑问句变成的陈述句形式。）
Li Lei wonders . Is Jim in ? → Li Lei wonders if Jim is in.
③who，whose，what，how，which，how many，how much等。（原有的特殊疑问词+句子剩余部分的陈述句形式） He asks me, “What does your father do?” →He asks me what my father does.
特别强调：if 与whether 的区别(一般情况下可以相互代替，下列情况不可替代)
①与or not 连用只能用whether I don’t know whether he will come or not.
②介词后只能用whether That depends on whether he can come back.
③后与to do 不定式连用只能用whether He wondered whether to stay here the next week.
④句首只能用whether Whether he will come is not decided.
注意：宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess 等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的动词，而从句用肯定形式．（主语为第一人称，否定在主句，翻译在从句。）
I don’t think it will rain.我认为不会下雨。
We don’t believe that he has gone. 我们相信他还没走。
【即学即练】2．— I’m not sure ________.
— It certainly is. Every little bit helps.
A．how my suggestion is helpful to you
B．why is my suggestion helpful to you
C．whether my suggestion is helpful to you
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我不确定我的建议是否对你有帮助。——当然有。每一点都有帮助。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除B；根据答语“It certainly is. Every little bit helps.”可知，询问建议是否有用，故选C。
时态：
①当主句是一般现在时，从句用该用的时态（即从句的时态不受影响）
②当主句是一般过去时态，从句必须用过去的某一时态。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
③如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。
【即学即练】3．Harry said he ________ the Butchart Gardens in Victoria City in the coming holidays.
A．would visit B．had visited C．is visiting D．visited
【答案】A
【详解】句意：哈里王子说他将在即将到来的假期参观维多利亚市的布查德花园。
考查动词时态。根据“in the coming holidays”可知，时态为将来时。又根据“said”可知，应该用一般过去时，所以本句时态是过去将来时，表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态，其结构是would+动词原形。故选A。
知识点03 感叹句
【语法精讲】感叹句是表示惊讶、赞美、喜悦、愤怒等情感的句子，通常由what或how引导。常见结构：
1)What a/an＋形容词＋可数名词的单数(＋主语＋谓语)!
What a clever boy he is!他是多么聪明的一个男孩啊！
2)What＋形容词＋可数名词的复数(＋主语＋谓语)! What good students you are！你们是多么好的学生啊!
3)What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)! What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真好！
4)How＋形容词或副词(＋主语＋谓语)! How interesting the storyis！这个故事多么有趣啊！
5)How＋主语＋谓语！ (句子) How I miss my mother！我多么想念妈妈啊！
2、陈述句改为感叹句常使用“一断二加三换位”的方法：
(1)“一断”，即在谓语动词后边断开，把句子分成两部分
She is~a beautiful girl. He works ~hard.
(2)“二加”，即如果第二部分的第一个词为形容词、副词，就加上how；如果是名词（词组），就加上what。
She is~（what）a beautiful girl. He works ~(how) hard.
(3)“三换位”，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹句。
What a beautiful girl she is! How hard he works!
【即学即练】4．Youth is the future of our country. ________ important it is for them to be creative!
A．How B．What C．What a
【答案】A
【详解】句意：青年是我们国家的未来。对他们来说，创造性是多么重要！
考查感叹句。根据“…important it is for them to be creative!”可知，此句为感叹句，中心词为形容词“important”，结构为“How+形容词+主语+谓语+其他！”。故选A。
能力拓展
知识点04 直接引语和间接引语
【语法精讲】引语：直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。间接引语多数是宾语从句。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
三大考点：引导词、时态和语序
John said “ I like reading books. ” (直接引语)
John said that he liked reading books .(间接引语/宾语从句)
直接引语变为间接引语时态的变化：
1：时态的变化：如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的时态无需变化；如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态要变成相应的过去时。
主句 间接引语(宾语从句)
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时(was/were going to do)/would do
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
can could may might
2：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语(宾语从句)
指示代词 this/ these that/those
时间状语 now then today that day
this week( month....) that week(month .....)
yesterday the day before (前一天)
the day before yesterday two days before (前两天)
last week (month.....) the week (month ...)before
three days ago three days before
tomorrow the next day
the day after tomorrow two days later(in two days time)过两天
next week (year....) the next week(year....)
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
3：陈述句的宾语从句：
(1)用连词that 引导，that 常省略(2)时态变化 （3）人称
①.He said “ I’ m sorry I can’t finish the work.” He said (that) he was sorry he couldn’t finish the work.
②.The girl said “ I will go to Hong Kong tomorrow.” The girl said (that )she would go to Hong Kong the next day.
③.My father said to me “ I can’t help you My father told me that he couldn’t help me.
④.My sister said “ I’m doing my homework now.” My sister said that she was doing her homework then.
4：一般疑问句的宾语从句：
(1)用连词whether / if (是否)引导 (2)同时把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
(3)时态变化 (4)人称
①.He asked me “ Do you like the movie?” He asked me whether/if I liked the movie.
②.The teacher asked “ Are you playing tennis? The teacher asked us whether/if we were playing tennis.
③.She asked me “ Are you going to visit here next week?”
She asked me whehter/if I was going to visit there the next week.
④.He asked me “Can I borrow your bike?” He asked me whether /if he could borrow my bike.
5：特殊疑问句的宾语从句：
(1)仍用原来的疑问词引导。 (2)把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 (3)时态变化 (4)人称
①.“What can I do for you ?”he asked me. He asked me what he could do for me.
②.The policeman asked me “Where do you live?” The policeman asked me where I lived.
③.He asks “Where is the post office?” He asks me where the post office is.
④.She asked me “What are you doing?’’ She asked me what I was doing.
6：直接引语是祈使句时，变为间接引语时（宾语从句），句型是：
tell /ask /order sb (not) to do sth.
①. My mother said to me “ take out the trash.” My mother told me to take out the trash.
②. He said to me “Don’t play soccer in the street.” He asked me not to play soccer in the street.
7：当转述客观真理时(或引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时)，经常用一般现在时。
①. The teacher said “light travels much faster than sound.” The teacher said that light travels mucn faster than sound.
② She said “The earth goes around the sun.” She said that the earth goes around the sun.
【即学即练】按要求转换句型。
5．＂I am having supper,＂ he said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He said that ________________ ________________ having supper.
6．＂I’ve seen the film,＂ Gina said to me. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
Gina ________________ me that she ________________ ________________ the film.
7．＂I went home with my sister,＂ she said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
She said that ________ ________________ ________________ home with her sister.
8．The teacher said, ＂The sun is bigger than the moon.＂ (把直接引语变为间接引语)
The teacher said that the sun ________________ bigger than the moon.
9．"I met her yesterday," he said to me. (直接引语转化成间接引语)
He told me that ______ ________________ ________________ her the day ________.
10．"You must come here before five," he said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He said that I ________________ to go ________________ before five.
11．＂I bought the computer two weeks ago,＂ she said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
She said that she ________________ _________ the computer two weeks ________________.
12．＂Did you read the book last week?＂ he said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He ________________ ________________ I had read the book the week ________________.
13．He said, ＂You can sit here, Jim.＂ (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He ________________ Jim that he ________________ sit ________________.
14．He asked, ＂How did you find it, Mom?＂ (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He asked his mother ________________ ________ ________________ _______ it.
15．"Where have you been these days?" he asked. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He asked me _______ ________ __________ been ________ days.
16．＂Do you know where she lives?＂ he asked. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He asked ________________ ________________ knew where she ________________.
17．＂Keep quiet, children,＂ he said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He ________________ the children ________________ ________________ quiet.
18．＂Don’t look out of the window,＂ she said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
She told me ________________ ________________ ________________ out of the window.
19．＂Are you interested in this?＂ he asked. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He ________________ ________________ I was interested in ________________.
【答案】5． he was
6． told had seen
7． she had gone
8．Is
9． he had met before
10． had there
11． had bought before
12． asked if/whether before
13． told could there
14． how she had found
15． where I had those
16． if/whether I lived
17． told/asked/ordered to keep
18． not to look
19． asked if/whether that
5．句意：他说：“我正在吃晚饭。”这是一个直接引语，要求变为间接引语，原句是陈述句，间接引语应变为that引导的宾语从句，主句谓语动词为said，一般过去时态，因此原来的现在进行时态变为过去进行时态，故原句的is变为was，主语相应的变为he。
6．句意：Gina对我说：“我看过那部电影。”根据原句意思可知，这是Gina对我说的话，因此第一个空应填told，告诉；直接引语变为间接引语时，原来的时态要相应的变化，原句是现在完成时，这里应变为过去完成时态，即had seen。
7．句意：她说：“我和我的姐姐一起回家了。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，人称已经做了变化，我们需要变的是时态，原句是一般过去时态，在间接引语里应变为过去完成时态，故填had gone。
8．句意：老师说：“太阳比月亮更大。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，根据原句意思可知，这里说的是客观真理，时态不用变化，还用一般现在时态，故填is。
9．句意：他对我说：“我昨天见到她了。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，人称应变为he，时态由原来的一般过去时变为过去完成时，had met；yesterday变为the day before。
10．句意：他对我说：“你必须五点之前来到这儿。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，原句中must是情态动词，没有时态的变化，同义词have to；空后有to，所以这里应用have to这个短语，主句谓语动词said是过去时态，所以这里也应用过去时态，故填had；原句中的here应变为there。
11．句意：她说：“我两周前买的这个电脑。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，原句是一般过去时态，在间接引语中应变为过去完成时，填had bought；ago应变为before。
12．句意：他说：“你上周读这本书了吗？”这个直接引语是一个一般疑问句，间接引语应变为if或whether引导的宾语从句，谓语动词变为asked问；时间状语last week变为the week before。
13．句意：他说：“Jim，你可以坐在这儿。”根据句意可知，这里是他对Jim说的话，故第一个空填told告诉；原句中的can变为过去式could；副词here变为there。
14．句意：他问：“妈妈，你是怎样找到它的。”直接引语是一个How引导的特殊疑问句，间接引语应变为由疑问词引导的宾语从句，故第一个空填how；人称相应的变为she，代指妈妈；原句的时态由一般过去时变为过去完成时，填had found。
15．句意：他问：“这些天你去哪里了？”直接引语是一个由where引导的特殊疑问句，间接引语应变为有疑问词引导的宾语从句，故第一个空填where；人称相应的变为I；时态由现在完成时变为过去完成时had been；these变为those。
16．句意：他问：“你知道她住在哪里吗？”这个直接引语是一个一般疑问句，间接引语应变为由if 或者whether引导的宾语从句，故第一个空填if/whether；人称相应的变为I；时态由一般现在时态变为一般过去时态，填lived。
17．句意：他说：“孩子们，保持安静。”这个直接引语是一个祈使句，变为间接引语时，用句型ask/order/tell sb. to do sth，请求/命令/告诉某人去做某事，谓语动词用过去时态，填过去式asked/ordered/told；第二个空变为动词不定式to keep。
18．句意：她说：“不要往窗户外面看。”这个直接引语是一个祈使句，变为间接引语时，用句型tell sb. to do sth.，谓语动词用过去式told；原句是否定的意思，在to的前面加not，故填not to look。
19．句意：他问：“你对这个感兴趣吗？”这个直接引语是一个一般疑问句，间接引语应变为一个if或者whether引导的宾语从句，谓语动词用asked，问；指示代词this变为that。
点睛：这个题目是句型转换，主要考查了直接引语变间接引语的用法，按照直接引语的句式分为三种情况：1.直接引语是陈述句，间接引语变为that引导的宾语从句。如前七个小题，都是陈述句；2.直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语变为if或whether引导的宾语从句，例如第8小题、第12小题和第15小题；是特殊疑问句时直接引语变为由疑问词引导的宾语从句，如第10小题和第11小题。3.直接引语是祈使句，变为句型ask/order/tell sb. to do sth.请求、明了、告诉某人去做某事，如第13小题和第14小题。另外还需要注意几个变化：1.人称的变化，直接引语中是第一人称与间接引语的主语一致；第二人称与宾语一致；第三人称不用变化。2.时态的变化，一般都变为过去时态，如一般现在时变为一般过去时；现在进行时变为过去进行时态；现在完成时变为过去完成时；一般将来时变为过去将来时等。3.时间状语的变化：ago变为before；yesterday变为the day before；tomorrow变为the next day等。4.其他变化：here变为there；this变为that等。
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
1．“Kitty, are you going to see the film this evening?” Tom asked. （改为复合句）
Tom asked Kitty _________ _________ was going to see the film that evening.
【答案】 if##whether she
【详解】句意：“凯蒂，你今晚要去看电影吗？”汤姆问。原句改为复合句可表达为“我问凯蒂她是否今晚要去看电影”，“are you going to see the film this evening?”是一般疑问句，变宾语从句应用whether或if引导宾语从句，从句为陈述句语序。故填if/whether；she。
2．“Can you get me some batteries on your way home?” Sandy asked her brother. (改为间接引语)
Sandy asked her brother __________ he __________ get her some batteries on his way home.
【答案】 if##whether could
【详解】句意：“你回家的路上能给我拿些电池吗？”桑迪问她的哥哥。此处直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语使用连接词if/whether“是否”。改为间接引语时遵循“主过从过”的时态规则，can变为could。故填if/whether；could。
3．“Have you been to New York?” asked the famous actress. (改为间接引语)
The famous actress asked ________ I ________ been to New York.
【答案】 if##whether had
【详解】句意：“你去过纽约吗？”这位著名的女演员问。句子可改为宾语从句，表达“这位女演员问我是否去过纽约。”用连词if或者whether引导，主句是过去时态，从句要用对应的过去完成时态，因此have been对应的过去完成时为had been。故填if/whether；had。
4．“Can you live for a year without spending any money?”, a journalist asked me.（改为间接引语）
A journalist asked me ________ I ________ live for a year without spending any money.
【答案】 if##whether could
【详解】句意：一位记者问我能不能不花钱生活一年。考查直接引语改为间接引语。asked me后接宾语从句，且从句应用一般过去时。原句中的直接引语是一般疑问句，改为间接引语应用if或whether来引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，原句中的情态动词can改为其过去式could。故填if / whether；could。
5．Could you tell me the answer? Where does electricity come from? (将两句合并一句)
Could you tell me _________ electricity _________ from?
【答案】 where comes
【详解】句意：你能告诉我答案吗？电从何而来？根据题干可知，合并后的句子为宾语从句；原句是where引导的特殊疑问句，变宾语从句后连接词用where；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，主语为“electricity”，时态为一般现在时，动词要用第三人称单数，即comes。故填where；comes。
6．Has he finished his homework? Do you know? (改为宾语从句)
Do you know ________ he ________ finished his homework?
【答案】 if##whether has
【详解】句意：他完成作业了吗？你知道吗？原句可表示“你知道他是否完成作业了吗？”，用if/whether引导，助动词has不变。故填if/whether；has。
7．What does the moon look like? Can you tell me? (改为宾语从句)
Can you tell me ________ the moon ________ like?
【答案】 what looks
【详解】句意：月亮是什么样子的？你能告诉我吗？根据题干可知改为宾语从句，原句为what引导的特殊疑问句，变为宾语从句后仍用what引导；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，主语为“the moon”，时态为一般现在时，故动词要用第三人称单数，即looks。故填what；looks。
8．The researchers wondered, “Can children have a better life there?”（改为宾语从句）
The researchers wondered ________ children ________ have a better life there.
【答案】 whether##if could
【详解】句意：研究人员想知道，“孩子们能在那里过上更好的生活吗？”题目要求改为宾语从句。根据英语语法，wonder后接if或whether引导的宾语从句，常用来表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。主句为一般过去时，故原句的情态动词“can”在宾语从句中应用过去式“could”。故填whether/if；could。
9．Tim asked me “Will you visit Mr Smith tomorrow?”（改为宾语从句）
Tim asked me ________ I ________ visit Mr Smith the next day.
【答案】 whether##if would
【详解】句意：蒂姆问我：“明天你会去拜访史密斯先生吗？”蒂姆问我第二天是否去拜访史密斯先生。原句引号内部分“Will you visit Mr Smith tomorrow”属于一般疑问句，合并后成为宾语从句要恢复陈述句语序，用whether/if作为连接词；原句由asked推断为一般过去时，从句相应地用过去将来时，will变为would。故填whether/if；would。
10．They were excited to return to school after learning at home for several months. (改为感叹句)
________ ________ they were to return to school after learning at home for several months!
【答案】 How excited
【详解】句意：在家里学习了几个月后，他们很兴奋地回到了学校。感叹句的结构有两种：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主谓!，修饰名词；How+形容词/副词+主谓!，修饰形容词或副词。本句中心词为形容词excited，所以使用how引导感叹句。故填How；excited。
题组B 能力提升练
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
April Fools’ Day is on April 1st. People can play ___11___ (joke) on others on this special d___12___. If you succeed, you usually laugh and say, “April Fool!” The person who has been ___13___ (fool) by you laughs, too, and he will never be angry with you.
Mother’s Day is on the ___14___ (two) Sunday of May. It’s a day to thank mothers. On that day, mothers usually receive flowers and cards from their children. Fathers and children do the housework so that mothers can have a r___15___
Easter Day falls on the film Sunday after the full moon which is on or after March 21st. It’s also called Easter Sunday. It is said that on that day Jesus Christ comes back to life. Many people go to church and ___16___ (child) often get p___17___, such as toy rabbits.
Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday in November. It’s a day when people give thanks for the good things in life. ___18___ (usual) families all get together and have a big dinner.
Christmas Day comes on D___19___25th. It’s the most important festival in a year. The beautiful things can ___20___ (be) seen everywhere. People exchange gifts, send Christmas cards and visit friends.
【答案】11．jokes 12．(d)ay 13．fooled 14．second 15．(r)est 16．children 17．(p)resents
18．Usually 19．(D)ecember 20．be
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍愚人节、母亲节、复活节、感恩节以及圣诞节的时间和习俗。
11．句意：在这个特殊的日子里，人们可以开别人的玩笑。play jokes on others on sb“开某人的玩笑”，是固定短语，故填jokes。
12．句意：在这个特殊的日子里，人们可以开别人的玩笑。根据“April Fools’ Day is on April 1st.”可知，这是一天，day“天”，空前有this修饰，名词用单数形式，故填(d)ay。
13．句意：如果你成功了，你通常会笑着说：“愚人节快乐！”先行词person与动词fool之间是被动关系，此处指的是“被愚弄”，空处用过去分词，构成现在完成时的被动，故填fooled。
14．句意：母亲节在五月的第二个星期天。空前有the修饰，空处应用序数词表示顺序，故填second。
15．句意：父亲和孩子做家务，这样母亲就可以休息了。根据“Fathers and children do the housework”及首字母提示可知，母亲可以休息一下，have a rest“休息”，故填(r)est。
16．句意：许多人去教堂，孩子们经常收到玩具兔子之类的礼物。根据“get”可知，动词是原形，主语应用复数名词，故填children。
17．句意：许多人去教堂，孩子们经常收到玩具兔子之类的礼物。根据“such as toy rabbits”及首字母提示可知，孩子们可以得到礼物，present“礼物”，此处表示泛指，名词用复数形式，故填(p)resents。
18．句意：通常一家人聚在一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，位于句首的单词，首字母要大写，故填Usually。
19．句意：圣诞节在12月25日。根据首字母提示及常识可知，12月25日是圣诞节，故填(D)ecember。
20．句意：美丽的事物无处不在。can是情态动词，后接动词原形，此处应用be动词，与空后的seen构成情态动词的被动结构，故填be。
Dear Cindy,
How are you? I had a great time last Tuesday, May 30th, 2017. It was a traditional Chinese festival ____21____ (call) Dragon Boat Festival that day.
This festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of the greatest Chinese poets. He ____22____ (kill) himself by jumping into the Miluo River on May 5th of the lunar calendar, 278 BC．People there rowed the boats ____23____ (save) him. But it was too late. They were very sad and then ____24____ (throw) rice into the river to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body.
From then on, every year on this day, people enjoy ____25____ (make) zongzi which is made of rice with meat, eggs and so on. In the past we ate it only once a year, but now we ____26____ (regard) it as our daily food. We can have it at any time we like.
Have you ever ____27____ (watch) the dragon boat race on TV? It is another important part of this festival. Several teams row their dragon-shaped boats as fast as they can. The first team ____28____ (reach) the finish line wins.
If you have a plan to visit China next year, ____29____ (will) you ____30____ (like) to spend this festival with us?
Best wishes!
Yours,
Shen
【答案】21．called 22．killed 23．to save 24．threw 25．making 26．regard 27．watched
28．to reach 29．would 30．like
【导语】本文是一封信，介绍了中国传统节日端午节。端午节是为了纪念楚国的诗人屈原，人们通过赛龙舟，吃粽子来纪念屈原。
21．句意：那天是中国的一个传统节日，叫做端午节。“a traditional Chinese festival”与call之间是动宾关系，用过去分词called作后置定语。故填called。
22．句意：他在公元前278年农历五月初五跳进汨罗江自杀。根据“on May 5th of the lunar calendar, 278 BC”可知用一般过去时，kill的过去式为killed。故填killed。
23．句意：那里的人们划船去救他。根据“People there rowed the boats ... (save) him.”可知划船的目的是去救他，用动词不定式to save作目的状语。故填to save。
24．句意：他们非常伤心，然后把米扔进河里喂鱼，这样它们就会远离他的尸体。根据“were”可知用一般过去时，throw的过去式为threw。故填threw。
25．句意：从那以后，每年的这一天，人们都喜欢包粽子，粽子是用米饭和肉、鸡蛋等做成的。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，用动名词making作宾语。故填making。
26．句意：在过去，我们一年只吃一次，但现在我们把它作为我们的日常食物。根据“but now”可知用一般现在时，主语we后接动词原形。故填regard。
27．句意：你看过电视上的龙舟比赛吗？根据“Have you ever ...”可知用watch的过去分词小形式watched，构成现在完成时。故填watched。
28．句意：第一个到达终点线的队伍获胜。此处用动词不定式to reach作后置定语，此处表示“第一个到达终点线的队伍”。故填to reach。
29．句意：如果你计划明年来中国，你愿意和我们一起过这个节日吗？would you like to do sth.“你愿意做某事吗”，固定句式。故填would。
30．句意：如果你计划明年来中国，你愿意和我们一起过这个节日吗？would you like to do sth.“你愿意做某事吗”，固定句式。故填like。
题组C 培优拔尖练
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整。（每词限用一次）
jump, call, make, fast, save, throw, great, spend, watch, win
Dear Cindy,
How are you? I had a great time last Tuesday May 30th, 2020. It was a traditional Chinese festival ________31________ Dragon Boat Festival that day.This festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of the ________32________ Chinese poets. He killed himself by ________33________ into the Miluo River on May 5th of the lunar calendar, 278 BC．People there rowed the boats ________34________ him. But it was too late. They were very sad and then ________35________ rice into the river to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body.
From then on, every year on this day, people enjoy ________36________ zongzi which is made of rice with meat, eggs and so on. In the past we ate it only once a year, but now we regard it as our everyday food. We can have it at any time we like.
Have you ever ________37________ the dragon boat race on TV? It is another important part of this festival. Several teams row their dragon-shaped boats as ________38________ as they can. The first team to reach the finish line ________39________.
If you have a plan to visit China next year, would you like _________40_________ this festival with us?
Best wishes!
Yours,
Shen
【答案】31．called 32．greatest 33．jumping 34．to save 35．threw 36．making 37．watched
38．fast 39．wins 40．to spend
【导语】本文以信件的形式，向Cindy介绍中国的传统节日——端午节。
31．句意：那天是一个中国传统节日，叫端午节。根据“a traditional Chinese festival... Dragon Boat Festival”可知此处指被称为端午节的节日，过去分词作后置定语，call表示“称作”。故填called。
32．句意：这个节日是为了纪念屈原，中国最伟大的一位诗人。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”，great表示“伟大的”。故填greatest。
33．句意：他在公元前278年农历五月五日跳进汨罗江自杀。by表示“通过某种方式”，后接动名词，根据“ into the Miluo River ”可知此处指跳河自杀，jump表示“跳”。故填jumping。
34．句意：那的人们划船去救他。根据“People there rowed the boats ”可知划船为了救下跳河的屈原，此处用不定式表目的，save表示“拯救”。故填to save。
35．句意：他们很悲伤，然后把米投入河中来喂鱼，这样它们能够离他的身体远一点。and连接并列的谓语动词，throw...into表示“扔到”，throw过去式为threw。故填threw。
36．句意：从那以后，每年的这一天，人们都喜欢做米和肉做成的粽子、鸡蛋等。enjoy doing sth表示“喜欢做某事”，make zongzi表示“包粽子”。故填making。
37．句意：你曾经在电视上看过龙舟比赛吗？根据“Have you ever”可知此空是动词的过去分词，构成现在完成时。根据“ on TV”可知此处指观看电视节目。watch表示“看”。故填watched。
38．句意：几支队伍尽可能快地划着他们的龙形船。as...as中间用形容词或副词原形，此空为副词修饰动词，fast表示“快”。故填fast。
39．句意：第一支到达终点的队伍获胜。根据“The first team to reach the finish line ”可知先到达终点的获胜，win表示“赢”，主语是The first team，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填wins。
40．句意：如果你明年有计划来中国，你想要和我们过这个节日吗？would like to do sth表示“想要做某事”，spend表示“度过”。故填to spend。
Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious！
目标导航
Grammar
现在完成进行时；宾语从句；感叹句；直接引语和间接引语
知识精讲
知识点01 现在完成进行时
【语法精讲】现在完成进行时：表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续延续下去
结构：have/ has been + doing +其他 已经...
He has been swimming for more than two hours. 他已经游泳两个小时了
I have been writing a novel. 我一直在写一本小说
【即学即练】1．My father ________ in a panda protection center for 10 years.
A．was working B．is working C．has been working D．will working
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我父亲已经在熊猫保护中心工作了10年。
考查现在完成进行时。根据“My father … in a panda protection center for 10 years.”结合语境可知我父亲已经在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，而且动作还将继续下去，因此时态应用现在完成进行时，其结构为have/has+been+动词的现在分词；故选C。
知识点02 宾语从句
【语法精讲】 宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语
We know （that） he likes English.
主语 谓语 宾语
宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序、时态
连接词：
①that（即陈述句作宾语从句。that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用。that不用翻译出来，在口语中常省略。）
The girl said, “I can help him.” →The girl said (that) she could help him.
②if/whether（whether或if在句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。翻译成“是否”。 主句 + if / whether + 由一般疑问句变成的陈述句形式。）
Li Lei wonders . Is Jim in ? → Li Lei wonders if Jim is in.
③who，whose，what，how，which，how many，how much等。（原有的特殊疑问词+句子剩余部分的陈述句形式） He asks me, “What does your father do?” →He asks me what my father does.
特别强调：if 与whether 的区别(一般情况下可以相互代替，下列情况不可替代)
①与or not 连用只能用whether I don’t know whether he will come or not.
②介词后只能用whether That depends on whether he can come back.
③后与to do 不定式连用只能用whether He wondered whether to stay here the next week.
④句首只能用whether Whether he will come is not decided.
注意：宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess 等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的动词，而从句用肯定形式．（主语为第一人称，否定在主句，翻译在从句。）
I don’t think it will rain.我认为不会下雨。
We don’t believe that he has gone. 我们相信他还没走。
【即学即练】2．— I’m not sure ________.
— It certainly is. Every little bit helps.
A．how my suggestion is helpful to you
B．why is my suggestion helpful to you
C．whether my suggestion is helpful to you
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我不确定我的建议是否对你有帮助。——当然有。每一点都有帮助。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除B；根据答语“It certainly is. Every little bit helps.”可知，询问建议是否有用，故选C。
时态：
①当主句是一般现在时，从句用该用的时态（即从句的时态不受影响）
②当主句是一般过去时态，从句必须用过去的某一时态。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
③如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。
【即学即练】3．Harry said he ________ the Butchart Gardens in Victoria City in the coming holidays.
A．would visit B．had visited C．is visiting D．visited
【答案】A
【详解】句意：哈里王子说他将在即将到来的假期参观维多利亚市的布查德花园。
考查动词时态。根据“in the coming holidays”可知，时态为将来时。又根据“said”可知，应该用一般过去时，所以本句时态是过去将来时，表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态，其结构是would+动词原形。故选A。
知识点03 感叹句
【语法精讲】感叹句是表示惊讶、赞美、喜悦、愤怒等情感的句子，通常由what或how引导。常见结构：
1)What a/an＋形容词＋可数名词的单数(＋主语＋谓语)!
What a clever boy he is!他是多么聪明的一个男孩啊！
2)What＋形容词＋可数名词的复数(＋主语＋谓语)! What good students you are！你们是多么好的学生啊!
3)What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)! What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真好！
4)How＋形容词或副词(＋主语＋谓语)! How interesting the storyis！这个故事多么有趣啊！
5)How＋主语＋谓语！ (句子) How I miss my mother！我多么想念妈妈啊！
2、陈述句改为感叹句常使用“一断二加三换位”的方法：
(1)“一断”，即在谓语动词后边断开，把句子分成两部分
She is~a beautiful girl. He works ~hard.
(2)“二加”，即如果第二部分的第一个词为形容词、副词，就加上how；如果是名词（词组），就加上what。
She is~（what）a beautiful girl. He works ~(how) hard.
(3)“三换位”，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹句。
What a beautiful girl she is! How hard he works!
【即学即练】4．Youth is the future of our country. ________ important it is for them to be creative!
A．How B．What C．What a
【答案】A
【详解】句意：青年是我们国家的未来。对他们来说，创造性是多么重要！
考查感叹句。根据“…important it is for them to be creative!”可知，此句为感叹句，中心词为形容词“important”，结构为“How+形容词+主语+谓语+其他！”。故选A。
能力拓展
知识点04 直接引语和间接引语
【语法精讲】引语：直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。间接引语多数是宾语从句。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
三大考点：引导词、时态和语序
John said “ I like reading books. ” (直接引语)
John said that he liked reading books .(间接引语/宾语从句)
直接引语变为间接引语时态的变化：
1：时态的变化：如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的时态无需变化；如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态要变成相应的过去时。
主句 间接引语(宾语从句)
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时(was/were going to do)/would do
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
can could may might
2：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语(宾语从句)
指示代词 this/ these that/those
时间状语 now then today that day
this week( month....) that week(month .....)
yesterday the day before (前一天)
the day before yesterday two days before (前两天)
last week (month.....) the week (month ...)before
three days ago three days before
tomorrow the next day
the day after tomorrow two days later(in two days time)过两天
next week (year....) the next week(year....)
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
3：陈述句的宾语从句：
(1)用连词that 引导，that 常省略(2)时态变化 （3）人称
①.He said “ I’ m sorry I can’t finish the work.” He said (that) he was sorry he couldn’t finish the work.
②.The girl said “ I will go to Hong Kong tomorrow.” The girl said (that )she would go to Hong Kong the next day.
③.My father said to me “ I can’t help you My father told me that he couldn’t help me.
④.My sister said “ I’m doing my homework now.” My sister said that she was doing her homework then.
4：一般疑问句的宾语从句：
(1)用连词whether / if (是否)引导 (2)同时把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
(3)时态变化 (4)人称
①.He asked me “ Do you like the movie?” He asked me whether/if I liked the movie.
②.The teacher asked “ Are you playing tennis? The teacher asked us whether/if we were playing tennis.
③.She asked me “ Are you going to visit here next week?”
She asked me whehter/if I was going to visit there the next week.
④.He asked me “Can I borrow your bike?” He asked me whether /if he could borrow my bike.
5：特殊疑问句的宾语从句：
(1)仍用原来的疑问词引导。 (2)把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 (3)时态变化 (4)人称
①.“What can I do for you ?”he asked me. He asked me what he could do for me.
②.The policeman asked me “Where do you live?” The policeman asked me where I lived.
③.He asks “Where is the post office?” He asks me where the post office is.
④.She asked me “What are you doing?’’ She asked me what I was doing.
6：直接引语是祈使句时，变为间接引语时（宾语从句），句型是：
tell /ask /order sb (not) to do sth.
①. My mother said to me “ take out the trash.” My mother told me to take out the trash.
②. He said to me “Don’t play soccer in the street.” He asked me not to play soccer in the street.
7：当转述客观真理时(或引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时)，经常用一般现在时。
①. The teacher said “light travels much faster than sound.” The teacher said that light travels mucn faster than sound.
② She said “The earth goes around the sun.” She said that the earth goes around the sun.
【即学即练】按要求转换句型。
5．＂I am having supper,＂ he said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He said that ________________ ________________ having supper.
6．＂I’ve seen the film,＂ Gina said to me. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
Gina ________________ me that she ________________ ________________ the film.
7．＂I went home with my sister,＂ she said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
She said that ________ ________________ ________________ home with her sister.
8．The teacher said, ＂The sun is bigger than the moon.＂ (把直接引语变为间接引语)
The teacher said that the sun ________________ bigger than the moon.
9．"I met her yesterday," he said to me. (直接引语转化成间接引语)
He told me that ______ ________________ ________________ her the day ________.
10．"You must come here before five," he said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He said that I ________________ to go ________________ before five.
11．＂I bought the computer two weeks ago,＂ she said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
She said that she ________________ _________ the computer two weeks ________________.
12．＂Did you read the book last week?＂ he said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He ________________ ________________ I had read the book the week ________________.
13．He said, ＂You can sit here, Jim.＂ (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He ________________ Jim that he ________________ sit ________________.
14．He asked, ＂How did you find it, Mom?＂ (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He asked his mother ________________ ________ ________________ _______ it.
15．"Where have you been these days?" he asked. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He asked me _______ ________ __________ been ________ days.
16．＂Do you know where she lives?＂ he asked. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He asked ________________ ________________ knew where she ________________.
17．＂Keep quiet, children,＂ he said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He ________________ the children ________________ ________________ quiet.
18．＂Don’t look out of the window,＂ she said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
She told me ________________ ________________ ________________ out of the window.
19．＂Are you interested in this?＂ he asked. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
He ________________ ________________ I was interested in ________________.
【答案】5． he was
6． told had seen
7． she had gone
8．Is
9． he had met before
10． had there
11． had bought before
12． asked if/whether before
13． told could there
14． how she had found
15． where I had those
16． if/whether I lived
17． told/asked/ordered to keep
18． not to look
19． asked if/whether that
5．句意：他说：“我正在吃晚饭。”这是一个直接引语，要求变为间接引语，原句是陈述句，间接引语应变为that引导的宾语从句，主句谓语动词为said，一般过去时态，因此原来的现在进行时态变为过去进行时态，故原句的is变为was，主语相应的变为he。
6．句意：Gina对我说：“我看过那部电影。”根据原句意思可知，这是Gina对我说的话，因此第一个空应填told，告诉；直接引语变为间接引语时，原来的时态要相应的变化，原句是现在完成时，这里应变为过去完成时态，即had seen。
7．句意：她说：“我和我的姐姐一起回家了。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，人称已经做了变化，我们需要变的是时态，原句是一般过去时态，在间接引语里应变为过去完成时态，故填had gone。
8．句意：老师说：“太阳比月亮更大。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，根据原句意思可知，这里说的是客观真理，时态不用变化，还用一般现在时态，故填is。
9．句意：他对我说：“我昨天见到她了。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，人称应变为he，时态由原来的一般过去时变为过去完成时，had met；yesterday变为the day before。
10．句意：他对我说：“你必须五点之前来到这儿。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，原句中must是情态动词，没有时态的变化，同义词have to；空后有to，所以这里应用have to这个短语，主句谓语动词said是过去时态，所以这里也应用过去时态，故填had；原句中的here应变为there。
11．句意：她说：“我两周前买的这个电脑。”这个题目要求把直接引语变为间接引语，原句是一般过去时态，在间接引语中应变为过去完成时，填had bought；ago应变为before。
12．句意：他说：“你上周读这本书了吗？”这个直接引语是一个一般疑问句，间接引语应变为if或whether引导的宾语从句，谓语动词变为asked问；时间状语last week变为the week before。
13．句意：他说：“Jim，你可以坐在这儿。”根据句意可知，这里是他对Jim说的话，故第一个空填told告诉；原句中的can变为过去式could；副词here变为there。
14．句意：他问：“妈妈，你是怎样找到它的。”直接引语是一个How引导的特殊疑问句，间接引语应变为由疑问词引导的宾语从句，故第一个空填how；人称相应的变为she，代指妈妈；原句的时态由一般过去时变为过去完成时，填had found。
15．句意：他问：“这些天你去哪里了？”直接引语是一个由where引导的特殊疑问句，间接引语应变为有疑问词引导的宾语从句，故第一个空填where；人称相应的变为I；时态由现在完成时变为过去完成时had been；these变为those。
16．句意：他问：“你知道她住在哪里吗？”这个直接引语是一个一般疑问句，间接引语应变为由if 或者whether引导的宾语从句，故第一个空填if/whether；人称相应的变为I；时态由一般现在时态变为一般过去时态，填lived。
17．句意：他说：“孩子们，保持安静。”这个直接引语是一个祈使句，变为间接引语时，用句型ask/order/tell sb. to do sth，请求/命令/告诉某人去做某事，谓语动词用过去时态，填过去式asked/ordered/told；第二个空变为动词不定式to keep。
18．句意：她说：“不要往窗户外面看。”这个直接引语是一个祈使句，变为间接引语时，用句型tell sb. to do sth.，谓语动词用过去式told；原句是否定的意思，在to的前面加not，故填not to look。
19．句意：他问：“你对这个感兴趣吗？”这个直接引语是一个一般疑问句，间接引语应变为一个if或者whether引导的宾语从句，谓语动词用asked，问；指示代词this变为that。
点睛：这个题目是句型转换，主要考查了直接引语变间接引语的用法，按照直接引语的句式分为三种情况：1.直接引语是陈述句，间接引语变为that引导的宾语从句。如前七个小题，都是陈述句；2.直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语变为if或whether引导的宾语从句，例如第8小题、第12小题和第15小题；是特殊疑问句时直接引语变为由疑问词引导的宾语从句，如第10小题和第11小题。3.直接引语是祈使句，变为句型ask/order/tell sb. to do sth.请求、明了、告诉某人去做某事，如第13小题和第14小题。另外还需要注意几个变化：1.人称的变化，直接引语中是第一人称与间接引语的主语一致；第二人称与宾语一致；第三人称不用变化。2.时态的变化，一般都变为过去时态，如一般现在时变为一般过去时；现在进行时变为过去进行时态；现在完成时变为过去完成时；一般将来时变为过去将来时等。3.时间状语的变化：ago变为before；yesterday变为the day before；tomorrow变为the next day等。4.其他变化：here变为there；this变为that等。
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
1．“Kitty, are you going to see the film this evening?” Tom asked. （改为复合句）
Tom asked Kitty _________ _________ was going to see the film that evening.
【答案】 if##whether she
【详解】句意：“凯蒂，你今晚要去看电影吗？”汤姆问。原句改为复合句可表达为“我问凯蒂她是否今晚要去看电影”，“are you going to see the film this evening?”是一般疑问句，变宾语从句应用whether或if引导宾语从句，从句为陈述句语序。故填if/whether；she。
2．“Can you get me some batteries on your way home?” Sandy asked her brother. (改为间接引语)
Sandy asked her brother __________ he __________ get her some batteries on his way home.
【答案】 if##whether could
【详解】句意：“你回家的路上能给我拿些电池吗？”桑迪问她的哥哥。此处直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语使用连接词if/whether“是否”。改为间接引语时遵循“主过从过”的时态规则，can变为could。故填if/whether；could。
3．“Have you been to New York?” asked the famous actress. (改为间接引语)
The famous actress asked ________ I ________ been to New York.
【答案】 if##whether had
【详解】句意：“你去过纽约吗？”这位著名的女演员问。句子可改为宾语从句，表达“这位女演员问我是否去过纽约。”用连词if或者whether引导，主句是过去时态，从句要用对应的过去完成时态，因此have been对应的过去完成时为had been。故填if/whether；had。
4．“Can you live for a year without spending any money?”, a journalist asked me.（改为间接引语）
A journalist asked me ________ I ________ live for a year without spending any money.
【答案】 if##whether could
【详解】句意：一位记者问我能不能不花钱生活一年。考查直接引语改为间接引语。asked me后接宾语从句，且从句应用一般过去时。原句中的直接引语是一般疑问句，改为间接引语应用if或whether来引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，原句中的情态动词can改为其过去式could。故填if / whether；could。
5．Could you tell me the answer? Where does electricity come from? (将两句合并一句)
Could you tell me _________ electricity _________ from?
【答案】 where comes
【详解】句意：你能告诉我答案吗？电从何而来？根据题干可知，合并后的句子为宾语从句；原句是where引导的特殊疑问句，变宾语从句后连接词用where；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，主语为“electricity”，时态为一般现在时，动词要用第三人称单数，即comes。故填where；comes。
6．Has he finished his homework? Do you know? (改为宾语从句)
Do you know ________ he ________ finished his homework?
【答案】 if##whether has
【详解】句意：他完成作业了吗？你知道吗？原句可表示“你知道他是否完成作业了吗？”，用if/whether引导，助动词has不变。故填if/whether；has。
7．What does the moon look like? Can you tell me? (改为宾语从句)
Can you tell me ________ the moon ________ like?
【答案】 what looks
【详解】句意：月亮是什么样子的？你能告诉我吗？根据题干可知改为宾语从句，原句为what引导的特殊疑问句，变为宾语从句后仍用what引导；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，主语为“the moon”，时态为一般现在时，故动词要用第三人称单数，即looks。故填what；looks。
8．The researchers wondered, “Can children have a better life there?”（改为宾语从句）
The researchers wondered ________ children ________ have a better life there.
【答案】 whether##if could
【详解】句意：研究人员想知道，“孩子们能在那里过上更好的生活吗？”题目要求改为宾语从句。根据英语语法，wonder后接if或whether引导的宾语从句，常用来表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。主句为一般过去时，故原句的情态动词“can”在宾语从句中应用过去式“could”。故填whether/if；could。
9．Tim asked me “Will you visit Mr Smith tomorrow?”（改为宾语从句）
Tim asked me ________ I ________ visit Mr Smith the next day.
【答案】 whether##if would
【详解】句意：蒂姆问我：“明天你会去拜访史密斯先生吗？”蒂姆问我第二天是否去拜访史密斯先生。原句引号内部分“Will you visit Mr Smith tomorrow”属于一般疑问句，合并后成为宾语从句要恢复陈述句语序，用whether/if作为连接词；原句由asked推断为一般过去时，从句相应地用过去将来时，will变为would。故填whether/if；would。
10．They were excited to return to school after learning at home for several months. (改为感叹句)
________ ________ they were to return to school after learning at home for several months!
【答案】 How excited
【详解】句意：在家里学习了几个月后，他们很兴奋地回到了学校。感叹句的结构有两种：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主谓!，修饰名词；How+形容词/副词+主谓!，修饰形容词或副词。本句中心词为形容词excited，所以使用how引导感叹句。故填How；excited。
题组B 能力提升练
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
April Fools’ Day is on April 1st. People can play ___11___ (joke) on others on this special d___12___. If you succeed, you usually laugh and say, “April Fool!” The person who has been ___13___ (fool) by you laughs, too, and he will never be angry with you.
Mother’s Day is on the ___14___ (two) Sunday of May. It’s a day to thank mothers. On that day, mothers usually receive flowers and cards from their children. Fathers and children do the housework so that mothers can have a r___15___
Easter Day falls on the film Sunday after the full moon which is on or after March 21st. It’s also called Easter Sunday. It is said that on that day Jesus Christ comes back to life. Many people go to church and ___16___ (child) often get p___17___, such as toy rabbits.
Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday in November. It’s a day when people give thanks for the good things in life. ___18___ (usual) families all get together and have a big dinner.
Christmas Day comes on D___19___25th. It’s the most important festival in a year. The beautiful things can ___20___ (be) seen everywhere. People exchange gifts, send Christmas cards and visit friends.
【答案】11．jokes 12．(d)ay 13．fooled 14．second 15．(r)est 16．children 17．(p)resents
18．Usually 19．(D)ecember 20．be
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍愚人节、母亲节、复活节、感恩节以及圣诞节的时间和习俗。
11．句意：在这个特殊的日子里，人们可以开别人的玩笑。play jokes on others on sb“开某人的玩笑”，是固定短语，故填jokes。
12．句意：在这个特殊的日子里，人们可以开别人的玩笑。根据“April Fools’ Day is on April 1st.”可知，这是一天，day“天”，空前有this修饰，名词用单数形式，故填(d)ay。
13．句意：如果你成功了，你通常会笑着说：“愚人节快乐！”先行词person与动词fool之间是被动关系，此处指的是“被愚弄”，空处用过去分词，构成现在完成时的被动，故填fooled。
14．句意：母亲节在五月的第二个星期天。空前有the修饰，空处应用序数词表示顺序，故填second。
15．句意：父亲和孩子做家务，这样母亲就可以休息了。根据“Fathers and children do the housework”及首字母提示可知，母亲可以休息一下，have a rest“休息”，故填(r)est。
16．句意：许多人去教堂，孩子们经常收到玩具兔子之类的礼物。根据“get”可知，动词是原形，主语应用复数名词，故填children。
17．句意：许多人去教堂，孩子们经常收到玩具兔子之类的礼物。根据“such as toy rabbits”及首字母提示可知，孩子们可以得到礼物，present“礼物”，此处表示泛指，名词用复数形式，故填(p)resents。
18．句意：通常一家人聚在一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，位于句首的单词，首字母要大写，故填Usually。
19．句意：圣诞节在12月25日。根据首字母提示及常识可知，12月25日是圣诞节，故填(D)ecember。
20．句意：美丽的事物无处不在。can是情态动词，后接动词原形，此处应用be动词，与空后的seen构成情态动词的被动结构，故填be。
Dear Cindy,
How are you? I had a great time last Tuesday, May 30th, 2017. It was a traditional Chinese festival ____21____ (call) Dragon Boat Festival that day.
This festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of the greatest Chinese poets. He ____22____ (kill) himself by jumping into the Miluo River on May 5th of the lunar calendar, 278 BC．People there rowed the boats ____23____ (save) him. But it was too late. They were very sad and then ____24____ (throw) rice into the river to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body.
From then on, every year on this day, people enjoy ____25____ (make) zongzi which is made of rice with meat, eggs and so on. In the past we ate it only once a year, but now we ____26____ (regard) it as our daily food. We can have it at any time we like.
Have you ever ____27____ (watch) the dragon boat race on TV? It is another important part of this festival. Several teams row their dragon-shaped boats as fast as they can. The first team ____28____ (reach) the finish line wins.
If you have a plan to visit China next year, ____29____ (will) you ____30____ (like) to spend this festival with us?
Best wishes!
Yours,
Shen
【答案】21．called 22．killed 23．to save 24．threw 25．making 26．regard 27．watched
28．to reach 29．would 30．like
【导语】本文是一封信，介绍了中国传统节日端午节。端午节是为了纪念楚国的诗人屈原，人们通过赛龙舟，吃粽子来纪念屈原。
21．句意：那天是中国的一个传统节日，叫做端午节。“a traditional Chinese festival”与call之间是动宾关系，用过去分词called作后置定语。故填called。
22．句意：他在公元前278年农历五月初五跳进汨罗江自杀。根据“on May 5th of the lunar calendar, 278 BC”可知用一般过去时，kill的过去式为killed。故填killed。
23．句意：那里的人们划船去救他。根据“People there rowed the boats ... (save) him.”可知划船的目的是去救他，用动词不定式to save作目的状语。故填to save。
24．句意：他们非常伤心，然后把米扔进河里喂鱼，这样它们就会远离他的尸体。根据“were”可知用一般过去时，throw的过去式为threw。故填threw。
25．句意：从那以后，每年的这一天，人们都喜欢包粽子，粽子是用米饭和肉、鸡蛋等做成的。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，用动名词making作宾语。故填making。
26．句意：在过去，我们一年只吃一次，但现在我们把它作为我们的日常食物。根据“but now”可知用一般现在时，主语we后接动词原形。故填regard。
27．句意：你看过电视上的龙舟比赛吗？根据“Have you ever ...”可知用watch的过去分词小形式watched，构成现在完成时。故填watched。
28．句意：第一个到达终点线的队伍获胜。此处用动词不定式to reach作后置定语，此处表示“第一个到达终点线的队伍”。故填to reach。
29．句意：如果你计划明年来中国，你愿意和我们一起过这个节日吗？would you like to do sth.“你愿意做某事吗”，固定句式。故填would。
30．句意：如果你计划明年来中国，你愿意和我们一起过这个节日吗？would you like to do sth.“你愿意做某事吗”，固定句式。故填like。
题组C 培优拔尖练
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整。（每词限用一次）
jump, call, make, fast, save, throw, great, spend, watch, win
Dear Cindy,
How are you? I had a great time last Tuesday May 30th, 2020. It was a traditional Chinese festival ________31________ Dragon Boat Festival that day.This festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of the ________32________ Chinese poets. He killed himself by ________33________ into the Miluo River on May 5th of the lunar calendar, 278 BC．People there rowed the boats ________34________ him. But it was too late. They were very sad and then ________35________ rice into the river to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body.
From then on, every year on this day, people enjoy ________36________ zongzi which is made of rice with meat, eggs and so on. In the past we ate it only once a year, but now we regard it as our everyday food. We can have it at any time we like.
Have you ever ________37________ the dragon boat race on TV? It is another important part of this festival. Several teams row their dragon-shaped boats as ________38________ as they can. The first team to reach the finish line ________39________.
If you have a plan to visit China next year, would you like _________40_________ this festival with us?
Best wishes!
Yours,
Shen
【答案】31．called 32．greatest 33．jumping 34．to save 35．threw 36．making 37．watched
38．fast 39．wins 40．to spend
【导语】本文以信件的形式，向Cindy介绍中国的传统节日——端午节。
31．句意：那天是一个中国传统节日，叫端午节。根据“a traditional Chinese festival... Dragon Boat Festival”可知此处指被称为端午节的节日，过去分词作后置定语，call表示“称作”。故填called。
32．句意：这个节日是为了纪念屈原，中国最伟大的一位诗人。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”，great表示“伟大的”。故填greatest。
33．句意：他在公元前278年农历五月五日跳进汨罗江自杀。by表示“通过某种方式”，后接动名词，根据“ into the Miluo River ”可知此处指跳河自杀，jump表示“跳”。故填jumping。
34．句意：那的人们划船去救他。根据“People there rowed the boats ”可知划船为了救下跳河的屈原，此处用不定式表目的，save表示“拯救”。故填to save。
35．句意：他们很悲伤，然后把米投入河中来喂鱼，这样它们能够离他的身体远一点。and连接并列的谓语动词，throw...into表示“扔到”，throw过去式为threw。故填threw。
36．句意：从那以后，每年的这一天，人们都喜欢做米和肉做成的粽子、鸡蛋等。enjoy doing sth表示“喜欢做某事”，make zongzi表示“包粽子”。故填making。
37．句意：你曾经在电视上看过龙舟比赛吗？根据“Have you ever”可知此空是动词的过去分词，构成现在完成时。根据“ on TV”可知此处指观看电视节目。watch表示“看”。故填watched。
38．句意：几支队伍尽可能快地划着他们的龙形船。as...as中间用形容词或副词原形，此空为副词修饰动词，fast表示“快”。故填fast。
39．句意：第一支到达终点的队伍获胜。根据“The first team to reach the finish line ”可知先到达终点的获胜，win表示“赢”，主语是The first team，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填wins。
40．句意：如果你明年有计划来中国，你想要和我们过这个节日吗？would like to do sth表示“想要做某事”，spend表示“度过”。故填to spend。
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