高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Natural disasters精品精练

18 Discovering useful structures

【核心词汇】

1．erupt vi. & vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出

(教材p.52)The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.

火山爆发后，住在我们旁边的那对夫妇自愿去帮忙。

[佳句]　The volcano may erupt and then there will be earthquakes. Is she not afraid?

火山也许会爆发，引发地震，难道他不怕吗？

2．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品vt.供应；供给

(教材p.52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.

向灾区提供的补给品是从全国各地收集来的。

[佳句]　I'd like to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water.

我想预先买一个大的背包来装食物和水等补给品。

 [点津]　表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：

①provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb

②offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb

【语法解析】

一. 定语从句的句法功能及相关定义

1．功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。

2．位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。

◆Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please.　支持这项计划的人请举手。

◆As is known to us all, the earth is spinning around the sun.　众所周知，地球围着太阳转。

3．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。

先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如some­、any­、every­、no­与­body、­thing的合成词或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。

4．关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。

关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as等。

关系副词：when、where、why等。

5．限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般作前置定语来译，意为“……的”。

◆Paper cuts of animls have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty.　早在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。

 二. 关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who引导的定语从句

[合作探究]　

The children who were injured in the car accident are being treated in the hospital now.目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。

Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.

丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。

[自主发现1]　who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语。

2.whom引导的定语从句

[合作探究]　

Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.

罗丝是你应该关心的人。

The boy(whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.

老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。

[自主发现2]　whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。

3.whose引导的定语从句

[合作探究]　

I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.

我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。

He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。

[自主发现3]　whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。

4.which引导的定语从句

[合作探究]　

The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which) he had lost on the train.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。

The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.

小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。

[自主发现4]　which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。

5.that引导的定语从句

[合作探究]　

The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)

The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.

地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)

[自主发现5]　that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。

[名师提醒]　

(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。

(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Unfortunately, many birds didn’t ______(幸存) the severe winter.

2．I put my phone on charge because it was running out of ______(电力供应)．

3．He is a very brave man who can keep ______(镇静的)even in danger.

4．This door should only be used in an ______(紧急情况)．

5．The country has financial ______(援助) to many African countries.

【答案】1.survive　2.power　3.calm　4.emergency 5．aid

Ⅱ.用定语从句合并下列句子

1．I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music.

→________________________________________________________________________

2．Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress.I lent her the new dress.

→________________________________________________________________________

3．The student’s article was published in the magazine.I know the student.

→________________________________________________________________________

4．My grandparents live in a house.It lies at the foot of the mountain.

→________________________________________________________________________

5．You referred to the man in the meeting yesterday.I want to know the man.

→________________________________________________________________________

6．The letter is from my sister.I received it yesterday.

→________________________________________________________________________

7．The train was late.It was going to Nanning.

→________________________________________________________________________

8．I want to talk to the boys.Their homework hasn’t been handed in.

→________________________________________________________________________

9．The boy is my brother.He was here a minute ago.

→________________________________________________________________________

10．The tree is quite tall.He is climbing it.

→________________________________________________________________________

【答案】

1．I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.

2．Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress (that/which) I lent her.

3．I know the student whose article was published in the magazine.

4．My grandparents live in a house which/that lies at the foot of the mountain.

5．I want to know the man (whom/who/that) you referred to in the meeting yesterday.

6．The letter (that/which) I received yesterday is from my sister.

7．The train that/which was going to Nanning was late.

8．I want to talk to the boys whose homework hasnt been handed in.

9．The boy who/that was here a minute ago is my brother.

10．The tree (that/which) he is climbing is quite tall.

微写作

我父亲在离我们家不远的一家医院工作。我的母亲是一个家庭主妇，经常给我们做好吃的饭菜。我姐姐在北京大学学习，她的专业是中国文学。我有几个喜欢打篮球的好朋友。

________________________________________________________________________

One possible version：

My father works in a hospital which/that is not far from our home.My mother is a housewife who often cooks delicious dishes for us.My sister studies in Peking University, whose major is Chinese Literature.I have several good friends who enjoy playing basketball.

用适当的关系代词完成下面短文。

Do you know the man 1.___________ wrote this book？He was Jason, one of the engineers 2. ___________  came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory where my father once worked.When he came to China, the first thing 3. ___________ he did was to visit the factory 4. ___________ did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason why China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute 5. ___________  he could spare to help China develop transportation.As is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner 6. ___________  made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to 7. ___________ we should say thanks.

【答案】

1.who/that  2.who/that   3.that  4.which/that  5.that  6.who/that  7.whom