初中英语2024届中考复习简单句基本结构知识讲解与练习

这是一份初中英语2024届中考复习简单句基本结构知识讲解与练习，共5页。试卷主要包含了主语+谓语，主语+谓语+宾语，主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语，主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，主语+系动词+表语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

中考英语简单句基本结构讲与练
一、主语+谓语
在此句型中,谓语是不及物动词(短语),不带宾语｡
【例】
My head aches.我头疼｡
The students are studying in the classroom.
学生们正在教室里学习｡
They have left.他们已经走了｡
【练习】
汉译英
1.我们努力学习｡

2.一轮红日从东方升起｡

3.1939年爆发了第二次世界大战｡

4.飞机很快就要起飞了｡

5.那家水果店关门了｡

【答案】
1.We study hard.
2.The red sun rises in the east.
3.The Second World War broke out in 1939.
4.The plane will take off soon.
5.The fruit store has closed.
二、主语+谓语+宾语
该句型中的谓语是及物动词(短语),后面必须跟宾语｡
【例】
I finishedreading the book.我读完了这本书｡
Do you likeapples?你喜欢苹果吗?
We discussedit at the meeting last week.
上周我们在会上讨论过这件事｡
He decidedto buy a computer.他决定买一台电脑｡
We loveChina.我们爱中国｡
They enjoyedthemselves very much last night.
他们昨天晚上玩得很开心｡
Do you rememberhis telephone number?
你记得他的电话号码吗?
[注意] 不及物动词与介词连用时,其后也可跟宾语｡
【例】
Ann is waiting forKate at the school gate.
安正在校门口等凯特｡
He thought aboutthe problem for a while.
他把这个问题思考了一会儿｡
【练习】
指出下列句子中的主语、谓语和宾语
1.She teaches English.

2.He enjoys listening to music.

3.The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once.

4.Story telling has much strength in improving oral English skills.

5.He has decided to work harder at English.

【答案】
1.She\s\do14(主语)teaches\s\do14(谓语)English\s\do14(宾语).
2.He\s\do14(主语)enjoys\s\do14(谓语)listening to music\s\do14(宾语).
3.The teacher\s\do14(主语)corrected\s\do14(谓语)her poor pronunciation\s\do14(宾语) more than once.
4.Story telling\s\do14(主语)has\s\do14(谓语) much strength\s\do14(宾语) in improving oral English skills.
5.He\s\do14(主语)has decided\s\do14(谓语)  to work harder at English\s\do14(宾语).

三、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)｡通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后｡能跟双宾语的动词常见的有:ask, bring, take, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, pass, lend, offer, pay, save, send, show, teach, tell, write等｡
【例】
Could you pass me the salt? (=Could you pass the salt to me?) 请你把盐给我好吗?
Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines. (=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers.)
王叔叔给农民们制造了很多机器｡
Mother bought me a new dress. (=Mother bought a new dress for me.)
妈妈给我买了一件新连衣裙｡
The evening dress cost her forty dollars.
这件晚礼服花了她四十美元｡
[注意] (1)间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等｡
【例】
Uncle Li bought me a birthday present. (=Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.)
李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物｡
(2)间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等｡
【例】
Please pass him a cup of tea. (=Please pass a cup of tea to him.)
请递给他一杯茶｡
(3)间接宾语后置既可与for也可与to连用的动词有do, leave, bring等｡
【例】
He brought me a dictionary. (=He brought a dictionary for/to me.)
他给我带来了一本词典｡
(4)若直接宾语是人称代词,通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前｡
【例】
误:Please give me them.
正:Please give them to me.
【练习】
汉译英
1.他教我们英语｡

2.请告诉我你的电话号码｡

3.这给了我们很大的鼓励｡

4.这个新方法省了我们不少时间｡

【答案】
1.He teaches us English.
2.Please tell me your telephone number.
3.This gave us great encouragement.
4.This new way saved us much time.

四、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整｡
宾语+宾语补足语称为复合宾语｡宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系｡
【例】
We elected Liu Lei monitor.我们选刘磊当班长｡
The news made him unhappy.
这个消息使他很不愉快｡
You shouldn't let him go there alone.
你不应当让他一个人去那儿｡
I had the bike repaired.我找人把自行车修好了｡
I feel it very pleasant to be with your family.
我感觉跟你们一家人在一起很愉快｡
Please keep the classroom clean.请保持教室清洁｡
【练习】
指出下列句子中的宾语和宾语补足语
1.The sun keeps us warm.

2.The woman caught her husband reading her diary.

3.My father saw her steal the money.

4.I prefer you to stay with us.

5.You may leave the child in my care.

【答案】
1.The sun keeps us\s\do14(宾语)warm\s\do14(宾补).
2.The woman caught her husband\s\do14(宾语)reading her diary\s\do14(宾补).
3.My father saw her\s\do14(宾语)steal the money\s\do14(宾补).
4.I prefer you\s\do14(宾语)to stay with us\s\do14(宾补).
5.You may leave the child\s\do14(宾语)in my care\s\do14(宾补).

五、主语+系动词+表语
此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词,作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式、介词短语等｡常见的系动词有be, feel, taste, smell, sound, seem, look (看起来), get (变), go(变), become (变), turn (变),come (变)等｡
【例】
The story soundsinteresting.
那个故事听起来很有趣｡
Her dream has cometrue.
她的梦想实现了｡
My books areon the desk.
我的书在书桌上｡
The food seemsto be nice.这食物似乎不错｡
Suddenly he becameangry.突然他生气了｡
在使用本句型时,要注意英汉表达的不同,
【例】
我累了｡
I tired.×
I am tired.√
他在家｡
He at home.×
He is at home.√
这个男孩十二岁了｡
The boy twelve.×
The boy is twelve.√
【练习】
指出下列句子中的主语、系动词和表语
1.His wish is to become a scientist.

2.The motor is out of order.

3.The weather is getting quite warm.

词) quite warm\s\do14(表语).
4.Silk feels soft and smooth.

5.The plan sounds perfect.


【答案】
1.His wish\s\do14(主语)is\s\do14(系动词)to become a scientist\s\do14(表语).
2.The_motor\s\do14(主语)is\s\do14(系动词)out of order\s\do14(表语).
3.The weather\s\do14(主语)is_getting\s\do14(系动词) quite warm\s\do14(表语).
4.Silk\s\do14(主语)feels\s\do14(系动词)soft and smooth\s\do14(表语).
5.The plan\s\do14(主语)sounds\s\do14(系动词)perfect\s\do14(表语).

【练习】
汉译英
1.老师生气了｡

2.学生们都在教室里｡

3.天慢慢黑了｡

4.我们的教室又大又亮｡

5.他们反对我的建议｡

【答案】
1.The teacher is angry.
2.The students are all in the classroom.
3.It is getting dark.
4.Our classroom is big and bright.
5.They are against my suggestion.