初中英语2025届中考语法复习冠词知识讲解练习
展开一、考点讲解
冠词是一种虚词,不能在句子中作独立成分,要用在名词的前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。它不能离开名词而单独存在,因此,可以说冠词就是名词的一种标志。在英语中,冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两种:不定冠词一般用于单数名词前,表示泛指;定冠词既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可),又可修饰不可数名词,表示特指。
(一)不定冠词
1、不定冠词a 和an的用法区别:a用在单词发辅音开首的单词前,an用在单词发元音开首的单词前。如:
a bk, a desk, a pen, a dctr, a huse ,an enemy, an accident, an animal, an egg
但注意:an hur, a useful tl
2、不定冠词的用法:
(1)表示人、事和物中的某一类或某类中任何一个。
A hrse is a useful tl. A dg runs faster than a gat.
(2)泛指某人或某事物
An ld man is sitting n the chair.
(3)表示ne 或every,但概念上没有它们那样强烈。当表示ne的意思时,一般不用tw, three等相对比。如:Every elephant has a lng nse. Take this medicine three times a day.
(4)用于某些固定词组中。
a few, a bit, a lt f, in a hurry, at a time, all f a sudden, many a, a little, a cuple f, as a matter f fact, in a wrd, have a gd time, d sb. a favr, pay a visit t, in a way, have a wrd with, make a living, take a pride in, take a walk, a great deal f, catch a cld,
(5)用在某些抽象名词前,表示“一种,一类,一场,一阵”等
She was caught in a heavy rain.
It was a wnderful tea.
That is a great disappintment.
3、不定冠词的特殊用法:
(1)与有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前,表示具体一个“人或物”。
He received a gd educatin.
Thank yu, Jim. Yu have dne a kindness.
Many peple agreed that a knwledge f English is a must in internatinal trade tday.
The meeting held yesterday was a success.
T advise him is a waste f time.
(2)偶尔与专有名词连用,表示某种特定意思。表示类似的一个或某一个(a certain)
a Mr Black a living Lei Feng
A Mr. Smith wants t see yu.
(3)与形容词最高级连用,表示强调,不表最高级。
The Huanghe River is a lngest river in China.
The stry is a mst interesting ne.
(4)用在有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节和日期前
Befre I g t wrk every mrning, I’ve a light breakfast.
The traffic accident happened n a Sunday t the end f the July.
(5)用于序数词前,表示“再一,又一”而不表顺序。
Hw imprtant it is t learn a secnd language.
The fisherman cast a third net.
(6)表示类别,有any, per之意,a(n)不必译成汉语,此时a(n)可改为the或不用冠词(但必须用名词复数形式)。
His incme is ne thusand yuan a mnth.
A camel is a useful animal. = Camels are useful animals.
(7)不定冠词用于一些原来是动词的名词前。
Let’s have a lk arund the playgrund after supper.
have a rest / walk / swim / talk … (have = take)
give a shut / whistle / lud laugh …
make a drive / mve …
(8)用在同源宾语中。
Nw we are living a happy life.
Last night I dream a terrible dream.
(二)定冠词
冠词the的用法:
1、用于特指(基本用法)。表示某一或某些特定的人或事物。
She stayed at hme and cleaned the huse.
He saw a bk n the table in his rm.
The bys in this schl wear blue shirts.
2、用于双方都知道的名词前。
What d yu think f the film?
Clse the dr, please.
Let’s g and give it t the pliceman.
3、用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。
Which is farther frm the earth, the sun r the mn?
4、用于第二次提到的事物前。
Mr Wang has a sn and the sn is a driver.
There is a bk n the desk. The bk is Jhn’s.
5、与单数名词连用,表示一类(同a或an)
The panda is very lvely. = A panda is very lvely. = Pandas are very lvely.
6、用于最高级前(与不定冠词不同 = very),以及对两人或事物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
the first / secnd, the tallest, the mst imprtant,
the taller f the tw bys, the mre interesting f the tw bks
7、用于序数词前。
the first by the third student 区别a third student
8、用于有定语修饰的名词前。
the writing desk the man standing there 9、用于乐器名词前。
D yu like playing vilin?
10、用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前,表示国家、当派、团体、组织机构、单位、报刊、条约、朝代、江河湖泊海洋、山川、群岛等。
the United States the Peple’s Republic f China the Yuth League, the Yellw River, the Peple’s Daily, the Tang Dynasty, the Philippines, the Histry Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Taiwan Straits
11、与某些形容词、分词连用表示某一类人。
the rich, the pr, the sick, the wunded
12、用于姓氏复数之前,表示全家或夫妇二人。
the Turners the Wangs the Brwns
13、用于世纪的某年代。 in the 1980s (in the 1980’s)
14、用于方位名词前。
Shanghai is in the east f China.
Japan lies t the east f China.
15、用于发明物的单数名词前。
Wh invented the telephne?
16、用于某些表示国家和民族的形容词前,泛指全体。这些词通常以-sh, -ch, -ese结尾。
the English, the French, the Chinese
17、用于表示数量的名词前。
They sld eggs by the dzen.
They were paid by the hur.
18、用于某些词组和习语中。
in the mrning in the end at the age f
n the ther hand, in the daytime
19、用于句型:主语+ pat (strike/hit/catch/tuch) +sb+介词+the+接触部位
He hit Tm in the face.
The teacher patted the by n the head.
口诀一:
沙漠河流与群山,岛屿海峡与海湾;
阶级当派国家名,组织团体和机关;
方位朝代不一样,会议条约及报刊;
乐器建筑海洋船,定冠词都不能删。
口诀二:
特指双熟悉,上文已提及;
世上独无二,序数最高级;
某些专有名,习语及乐器。
(三)零冠词及特例
1、非特指的物质名词和抽象名词前。
paper bravery
Water bils at 1000C.
Knwledge begins with practice.
但,这些词被限定时,要用冠词,当表示个体事物或“一种、一场、一份”等含义时,前面加不定冠词。
The milk in the bttle has gne bad.
D yu want a cffee?
What d yu think f the wrk?
He has a gd knwledge f English.
2、不含有普通名词的专有名词前。
China, Beijing, Mary, Peter
但有限定性、描绘性定语修饰时,用定冠词;当表示“像…那样的人或事物”,“有个名叫……的人”时用不定冠词。
The England f thse years was an England in turmil(动乱).
“Hurry up!” said the anxius Tm.
He wishes t be an Edisn.
A Mr. White came t see yu this mrning.
3、表示语言的名词前。
We are studying English.
4、可数名词前已经有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时。
This bk is very cheap.
Is this Mr. Wang’s dictinary?
5、由普通名词构成的专有名词前多要加“the” 但也有的一些不用。
Tian An Men Square Chang An Avenue
Nanjing Rad Bei Hai Park Beijing University
6、在含有“day”节假日前。在中国传统节假日一般有the
New Year Day, May Day,
the Spring Festival the Dragn Bat Festival the Mid-autumn Festival the Duble Ninth Festival the Lantern Festival
7、用作称呼或表示独一无二头衔、职称等做表语、不足语、同位语时以及称呼。
Mr Liu is Chairman f ur club.
G there, by.
What shall I d next, Mther?
In 1860, Lincln was elected President f the United States.
8、表示季节、月份、周日的名词前;但季节等被限定定语修饰时,用定冠词。星期前加不定冠词表示“某一个…”。
In the spring f 2006, a Tuesday in September
9、在球类、棋类、等表运动的名词前和三餐前。
What did yu have fr breakfast? D yu like mathematics? She is fnd f playing basketball.
但在breakfast, lunch, supper前通常有描绘性形容词等修饰时,要加不定冠词。
He had a wnderful supper.
10、复数名词表示一类人或物时。 Hrses are useful animals.
11、当bike, car, taxi, bus, train, bat, ship, plane等与介词by连用时,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词。
Did yu cme back by plane r by train?
但也可用介词in, n等或与动词搭配。这时名词前要有修饰语。cme in a car take a bus, n the train
还有by water, by land, by sea, by air也可表示交通手段。
12、turn, g 表示“变成”, 其后接名词时。
turn writer = becme a writer g scialist = becme a scialist
13、当两个名词叠用或一对相反(近)的名词连用时。
experiment after experiment hand in hand day and night step by step side by side day after day husband and wife day by day sul and heart
14、两个名词指同一人时,前一名词有a(n), 而后一名词却没有。
He is a pet and nvelist.
15、在kind f 或kinds f 等结构中,后面的名词一般不用加冠词,但是kind前可根据需要加冠词。
He likes three kinds f bk(s).
然而,有时也可加冠词的情况。如:
What kind f a man is he? ( kind f a …意为“怎样的一个或一种……”)
类似的结构还有:srt(s) f, type(s) f, class(es) f, frm(s) f, variety (varieties) f 它们都表示一种或数种事物,后面的名词都不加冠词。
16、man作“人类”讲时,同human, mankind一样,不用加冠词。
Man has existed fr thusands f years.
17、在以“普通名词(或形容词最高级)+ as / thugh开始的让步状语从句中,前面不用冠词。
Child as he is, he knws a lt. Shrtest thugh he is, he runs fastest in ur class.
18、在某些独立结构中不用冠词。
He went int the frest, gun in hand. The teacher came int the classrm, ruler under arm.
19、在某些固定搭配中。
g t schl at night by train at first make rm fr
in fact n ft after schl in twn in ink / pen
n purpse in danger / truble / surprise / silence at present
n shw in rder by chance / accident
20、有无冠词意义不同:
(1)不定冠词:
in wrd 口头上 in a wrd 总而言之
f age 成年 f an age 同龄
have wrds with 争吵 have a wrd with 谈话
with child 怀孕 with a child 带着孩子
(2)定冠词:
n earth 究竟 n the earth 在地球上
at table 进餐 at the table 在餐桌旁
at schl 求学 at the schl 在学校
g t schl 去上学 g t the schl 到学校去
in hspital 住院 in the hspital 在医院里
in place f 代替 in the place f 在…..位置上
in ffice 执政 in the ffice 在办公室里
take place 发生 take the place f 取代
in pssessin f 拥有 in the pssessin f 被……拥有
in charge f 负责/掌握 in the charge f 由……负责/被掌握
ut f questin 不成问题 ut f the questin 根本不可能
in frnt f 在……前面 in the frnt f 在……内的前面
口诀一:
一年四季十二月,每周共计七天整;
含有Day的节日前,物质抽象不可数;
头衔称谓词,代词名词的中间;
专有名词极叠词,棋类游戏同球类;
还有体育项目前,用了冠词要不得。
口诀二:
下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;
专有名词不可数,球类三餐饭;
复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
二、典例精析
(一)不定冠词►
◇典例1:填空。
It is generally accepted that____by must learn t stand up and fight like_____man.
【答案】a; a
【考点】考查冠词的用法。
◇典例2:填空。
——Jack speaks ________English like a native. I always admire him.
——Nw he is learning ________mre difficult language—Arabic.
【答案】C
【解析】speak后接表示语言的词,其前通常不加冠词。a mre difficult language一门更难的语言,a表示数量“一”。故选C.
【考查角度】不定冠词
◇典例3:
The freigners here are greatly impressed by the face that the peple frm all walks f life are wrking hard fr the new Tianjin. (修改病句).C()())m]
【答案】第三个the删掉;最后一个the改为a。
【考查角度】不定冠词
◇典例4:Mst Schls have banned junk fd and brught ut new menus. “That’s cl!”said Andreas Petru, 11th grader.
A. /; an B. /;the C. the; a D. the; /
【答案】A
【解析】垃圾食品“junk fd”不需要冠词;第二个空说的是一个十一年级学生,句意:许多学校禁止垃圾食品并推出新菜单。“太棒啦 ”一个十一年级学生Andreas Petru说到。故选A
【考查角度】不定冠词
◇典例5:Dn’t take it seriusly,Alice.I wasn’t (捉弄你) — it’s nthing but_____ (一个玩笑).
(根据汉语提示填空)
【答案】making fun f yu; a jke
【解析】在本句中,make fun f sb.是固定搭配,意思是“捉弄某人”,而在第二个空中,jke由于是在本句中首次出现,故用不定冠词a。根据句意,可知填making fun f yu; a jke.
【考查角度】不定冠词
(二)定冠词►
◇典例1:——I am s srry t have cme late fr the meeting.
——It is nt yur fault. With ______ rush-hur traffic and ______ heavy rain, it is n wnder yu were late.
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a
【答案】B
【考查角度】定冠词
◇典例2:——Hw abut ______ (计划) t pen a branch?
——I shuld say it was ______ (失败的事情).(根据汉语提示填空)
【答案】the plan; failure
【解析】句意:开分公司的计划如何?我应该说这是一个失败的事情,第一个表示特指这个计划,第二个空表示泛指,故第一个空填 the plan; 第二个空a failure.
【考查角度】定冠词
◇典例3: That day I saw Mary grab the cat by ______ tail — which was _____ rather stupid thing t d.
A. the; a B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
【答案】A
【解析】句意:那天我看到玛丽抓住一只猫的尾巴,这是相当蠢的事情。Grab sb by the tail抓住。。的尾巴;第二个空表示泛指,故选A.
【考查角度】定冠词
(三)零冠词及特例
◇典例1:If yu g ______(乘火车), yu can have quite a cmfrtable jurney, but make sure yu get a fast ne.(根据汉语提示填空)
【答案】by train
【解析】by+交通工具,之间不用加the。后半句句意:确保你乘坐到一辆快的火车,泛指一辆火车,故用a。故by train.
【考查角度】零冠词
◇典例2:My friend asked me t play ____ vlleyball, but I’m tired and I dn’t think I’ve gt ____ energy.
A. a ; / B. the ; the C. / ; / D. / ; the
【答案】D
【解析】打排球之间不用定冠词,排除AB项,能量之前要加定冠词,特指没有打排球的力气,故选D.
【考查角度】零冠词
◇典例3:——My sn seldm has breakfast.
—— It is unhealthy habit.Yu must ask him t change it.
A./ ; an B.the; n C./ ; a D.the; a
【答案】A
【考查角度】零冠词
◇典例4:The experience f being teased and bullied may stay with the victims fr___ life and cause all kinds f scial prblems at _____later age.
A. a; a B.\; a C. the; \ D.\; the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:被人取笑和欺负的经历可能会影响受害者的生活,并在以后的年龄导致各种社会问题。这里life表示生活,是泛指,不需要加冠词,后面的later age表示一个特定的年龄阶段,需要用冠词a来连接,故选B.
【考查角度】零冠词
◇典例5:________(这个世界多么美好啊) it wuld be if all cuntries in the wrld culd (和平相处).
A.a; \ B.the; \ C.a; the D.the; the
【答案】What a wnderful wrld; live peace with ne anther
【解析】句意:如果世界上的全部国家都可以和平相处,那么这个世界将会是多么美好啊!前一句为感叹句,句式为What +冠词+形容词/副词+名词+,后一空,live peace with和平相处,固定搭配,故两空分别填What a wnderful wrld; live peace with ne anther.
【考查角度】零冠词
【易错疑难】
1.误解不定冠词与定冠词
例一: Zha Wei tk hme Best Actress fr her rle in “Dearest”, ________ mvie abut lking fr her child in China. It was ________ first Hng Kng film award in three tries fr Zha.
A. a ; the B. the ; the C. / ; the D. the; /
【答案】A
【考查角度】定冠词与不定冠词
例二:I wnder what it feels like t be ne f ______ really rich. The Brwns already have Rlls Ryce and nw they are buying ______ third.
A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. /; the【答案】C
【解析】句意:我很好奇成为一个真正的有钱人之一是什么感觉。布朗一家早就有了劳斯莱斯并且他们还想买第三辆。 The really rich,the+形容词表示一类人,a third泛指再买一辆劳斯莱斯,并没有指出是哪一辆,故选C.
【考查角度】定冠词与不定冠词
2.对不定冠词与零冠词理解有误
例一:—Excuse me, culd yu tell me the way t the Uncle Jhn’s?
—Srry, we dn’t have Jhn here. (修改病句)
【答案】第一个空删掉the; 第二个空Jhn前面加一个a
【解析】句意:打扰了,能告诉我约翰叔叔家在哪吗?抱歉,我们这没有叫约翰的。第一个空不需要冠词,the删掉;第二个空是特殊用法,故Jhn前面加a。.
【考查角度】不定冠词与零冠词
例二:I felt _____sudden urge t tell him all my prblems but I held back because I was afraid that he wuld make ______fun f me.
A.a/ B.the;/ C.a;the D.the;a
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我突然冲动的想告诉他我所有的问题但我控制住了,因为我害怕他会取笑我。Feel a sudden urge 感觉一种强烈的冲动,make fun f 取笑,故选A.
【考查角度】不定冠词与零冠词
3.对定冠词与零冠词的理解有误
例一:Is this______first time yu’ve flwn n_______British Airways?
A. the;不填 B. the; a C. a; the D. 不填;a
【答案】A
【解析】句意为:这是你第一次来吗?第一个空,the fiest time 固定搭配,所以用the;第二个空后面的名词damage是抽象名词, British ,属于不可数名词,所以用a,故选A.
【考查角度】定冠词与零冠词
例二:Tm, a shy by, wh lacks ______ cnfidence, desn’t get ______ attentin he deserves.
A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /
【答案】B
【考查角度】定冠词与零冠词
例三:All the arrangements are nw in ________ place fr ________ graduatin ceremny that will take place tmrrw.
A./;a B./;the C.the;a D.the;the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:明天举行的毕业典礼的所有安排现在都已经就绪。固定短语:in place“在适当的地方,适当,就绪”,排除CD选项。而第二个空是特指明天举行的毕业典礼,是特指,故用定冠词the,选B.
【考查角度】定冠词与零冠词
初中英语2024届中考语法复习序数词知识讲解练习: 这是一份初中英语2024届中考语法复习序数词知识讲解练习,共2页。试卷主要包含了拼写规律,用法,练习题等内容,欢迎下载使用。
初中英语2024届中考语法复习动词语态知识讲解练习: 这是一份初中英语2024届中考语法复习动词语态知识讲解练习,共7页。试卷主要包含了定义,被动语态的构成,主动语态和被动语态的转换,不能用被动语态的几种形式,练习等内容,欢迎下载使用。
初中英语2024届中考语法复习连词知识讲解练习: 这是一份初中英语2024届中考语法复习连词知识讲解练习,共9页。试卷主要包含了知识讲解,分类,功能,并列连词,从属连词等内容,欢迎下载使用。