2024版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价4Unit3SportsandFitness新人教版必修第一册

课时质量评价(四)

必修第一册　UNIT 3

主题语境：体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神

Ⅰ．阅读理解

A

(2022·湛江模拟)Tobogganing, or sledding (雪橇), likely comes before the colonisation of North America．Records show that Canada's First Peoples used small sleds to transport their belongings and food between camps, Raymond Flower writes in TheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports．But modern­day sled races can trace their origins back to the Swiss Alps in the late 1800s when British tourists decided to race in wooden luges (a sled used by one person) that locals had used to travel through snow．The origin is debatable in snowy northern New York, however, where there's evidence that Albany held bobsled (a sled used by two or more people) races as early as 1885．

Wherever they began, sled races quickly became popular．The famous Cresta Run, named after the Swiss town near the base of its course, was built in 1885 using snowbanks．The first organised competition was in 1898, hosted by the first bobsled club in nearby St．Moritz (a city in Switzerland)．It was then that sledding began to separate from the luge to include two new sports: bobsledding, and skeleton sledding (俯式冰橇)．

Cresta Run is considered the birthplace of the skeleton, a particularly daring form of sledding．Unlike the luge, where competitors ride feet­first on a sled with metal runners, the skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance．Riders lie down on the sled headfirst, then drop suddenly down an ice track．Bobsledding, meanwhile, involves teams of two to four in which the person in front controls directions and the player in back brakes when needed．It earned its name after competitors started swinging back and forth to speed up the sled．

Bobsledding initially overtook skeleton sledding in popularity, becoming one of a handful of sports played at the first Winter Games in 1924．The skeleton sledding was limited to the Cresta Run for decades because other bob runs around the world were not built for the steel skeleton sled．But in the 1970s, adjustments were made to both the skeleton and bob runs in order to include the event at future winter games．

1．What can we infer about Raymond Flower?

A．He is a writer．

B．He is good at sledding．

C．He invented the sledding race．

D．He set the first record of sledding．

2．How does skeleton sledding differ from the luge?

A．Skeleton sledding runs on metal runners．

B．Skeleton sledding doesn't have back brakes．

C．Riders on skeleton sledding sled with their feet．

D．Skeleton sledding needs players to lie down on it headfirst．

3．What limited the popularity of skeleton sledding?

A．Its special shape．

B．Its speed．

C．Its steel runners．

D．Its unsuitable adjustments．

4．What can be the best title for the text?

A．Why is sledding so popular?

B．How did sledding develop in Switzerland?

C．What are sledding adventures about?

D．How did people kill time in North America?

B

(2022·广州模拟)When you love working out, taking a break from exercise can seem a waste of time — there are training plans to follow and goals to be met．So, what's the problem? According to new research, excessive training can be damaging to mental well­being．

“The benefits of regular physical activity are well­established, but it's possible to have too much of a good thing，”says Janet, an expert at physical training．But how do you know if you're doing too much? “Over­exercising can mean training for too long or too intensely without enough rest for your personal limits，”she says．“Some of us may feel unable to stop．”Indeed, one research shows almost 40 percent of us feel guilty if we miss a workout and less than 59 percent regularly take a rest day．So should you be taking more time out?

By exercising beyond your limits, not only could you injure your body and reduce muscle mass, you could also end up feeling anxious, too．“Over­exercising can impact your mood, relationships and ability to function in other areas of your life，”warns Janet．“Exercise releases the stress hormone cortisol．For most people, this can help you better manage stress levels．Over­exercising, however, can lead to increased levels of cortisol in the blood stream which can lead to poor sleep, depression and problems with memory and concentration．”

Still not convinced? If you find it hard to put down your trainers, you're not alone．“Up to 10 percent of endurance athletes are affected by overtraining syndrome, with common effects including muscle soreness, persistent fatigue and even mental breakdown，”says Professor James．“In addition, over­exercising can stimulate hyper inflammation, which has a severe effect on brain health．”There is a simple solution, however．“It has been shown that exhaustion may be delayed almost indefinitely by frequent and regular short breaks，”assures James．

5．What is Janet's attitude towards excessive exercising?

A．Favourable．　　　 B．Tolerant．

C．Ambiguous．    D．Disapproving．

6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Definitions of over­exercising．

B．Effects of excessive exercising．

C．Benefits of exercising with friends．

D．Approaches to reaching people's limits．

7．Which statement would James most probably agree with?

A．Over­exercising can lead to severe stress problems．

B．Taking a rest from over­exercising could ease tiredness．

C．Brain health can be guaranteed by improving concentration．

D．Over­training syndrome is common for those who exercise regularly．

8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．What is regular exercising?

B．Say no to extreme exercise

C．Take a short break from exercise

D．How to balance exercise and work

Ⅱ．语法填空

(2023·青岛模拟)Reducing the number of calories every day is the ticket to good health．It works in lab animals．It also works in human 1．________ (being)．The name of the method is “caloric restriction”．It increases the life length of animals．It even reduces their rate of cancer and other diseases 2．________ happen as people age．Reducing calories usually 3．________ (make) a difference to young and middle­aged adults．

Researchers looked into 4．________ group of healthy men and women aged between 21 and 50．Members of the group agreed to reduce calories for two years．They could eat the foods they wanted as long as they cut back 5．________ the total amount of food they ate．They 6．________ (expect) to cut calories by 25 percent by the researchers．Many could not do it．The average calorie reduction was twelve percent．That is a reduction of 7．________ (approximate) 300 calories a day．But it worked．Those 8．________ (practise) calorie reduction lost weight and body fat．Their blood pressure fell a little．Fewer calories lead to better health．Does it lead to a longer life and 9．________ (little) sickness? A doctor said the diet would have to last a long time 10．________ (find) out the answer to this question．Researchers would have to study people for a lifetime to know whether the diet keeps them well and alive longer．

课时质量评价(四)

Ⅰ．A

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展。

1．A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Records show that Canada's First Peoples used small sleds to transport their belongings and food between camps, Raymond Flower writes in TheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports．”可以推断出，Raymond Flower是一位作家。故选A。

2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Unlike the luge, where competitors ride feet­first on a sled with metal runners, the skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance．Riders lie down on the sled headfirst, then drop suddenly down an ice track．”可知，俯式冰橇与无舵雪橇的不同之处是俯式冰橇需要运动员在滑行时头朝下躺在上面。故选D。

3．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The skeleton sledding was limited to the Cresta Run for decades because other bob runs around the world were not built for the steel skeleton sled．”可知，俯式冰橇数十年来受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合俯式冰橇，因此限制了俯式冰橇的普及的是它的钢架。故选C。

4．B　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的内容可知，文章介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展，因此最佳题目是B项“How did sledding develop in Switzerland？”。故选B。

B

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了过度锻炼不仅对身体有害，还会损害心理健康，短暂休息一下可以缓解疲劳。

5．D　观点态度题。根据第三段中的“‘Over­exercising can impact your mood, relationships and ability to function in other areas of your life，’ warns Janet．”可知，Janet不赞成过度锻炼。故选D。

6．B　段落大意题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“By exercising beyond your limits, not only could you injure your body and reduce muscle mass, you could also end up feeling anxious, too．‘Over­exercising can impact your mood, relationships and ability to function in other areas of your life，’ warns Janet．”可知，本段主要讲述过度锻炼的影响。故选B。

7．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘It has been shown that exhaustion may be delayed almost indefinitely by frequent and regular short breaks，’ assures James．”可知，James认为过度锻炼后休息一下可以缓解疲劳。故选B。

8．C　标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“‘It has been shown that exhaustion may be delayed almost indefinitely by frequent and regular short breaks，’ assures James．”可知，文章介绍了过度锻炼不仅对身体有害，还会损害心理健康，短暂休息一下可以缓解疲劳，C项适合作为文章标题。故选C。

Ⅱ．1．beings　2．that/which　3．makes　4．a　5．on

6．were expected　7．approximately　8．practising

9．less　10．to find