人教版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价5 必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS含答案

课时质量评价(五)

必修第一册　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

(2020·江西临川九校联考)After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I became a volunteer teacher and 1. ________ (send) to Namibia. Honestly, my first choice wasn't Africa, but now I am extremely grateful that I had the chance. So with a group of 2. ________ (equal) eager young graduates, I went on my journey.

Schools were quite bare, and the students 3. ________ (have) tiring days, walking several miles to get to school often barefoot. Despite their mountains 4. ________ work at home, few 5. ________ (possession) and little opportunity, these children were joyful, which I admired.

This 6. ________ (be) my first time living abroad in a different culture, simply getting used to the living conditions was 7. ________ big adjustment. I had no electricity, running water, phone or Internet. Imagine there was no air conditioning at a place 8. ________ the temperature often goes beyond 38 degrees Celsius! Sometimes it was just too hot to move.

However, I could end each day with a 9. ________ (glory) African sunset. And at night, I had a light­pollution­free view of the entire Milky  Way. Before Namibia, I had never thought I would survive in such an environment. My experience awakened me to not only the limitations 10. ________ (place) on ourselves, but also our amazing ability to adapt. Stepping out of your comfort zone in another culture will certainly make your life worthwhile.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大学毕业后到非洲当志愿教师的经历以及作者的感悟。

1. was sent　考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，主语I和send为被动关系，且此处讲述过去发生的故事应使用一般过去时，故填was sent。

2. equally　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词，故填equally。

3. had　考查时态。叙述过去发生的事，此处应使用一般过去时，故填had。

4. of　考查介词。mountains of ...为固定短语，意为“大堆……”，故填of。

5. possessions　考查名词单复数。possession一般用复数形式，表示“财产；所有物”，由空前的few可知填possessions。

6. being　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，分句之间无连词，且两个分句有各自的(逻辑)主语，此处应为独立主格结构，设空处用非谓语动词形式，故填being。

7. a　考查冠词。 adjustment可作可数名词，此处泛指“一个很大的调整”，应使用不定冠词，且big以辅音音素开头，故填a。

8. where　考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，引导词在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。

9. glorious　考查形容词。此处应使用形容词修饰名词短语，故填glorious。

10. placed　考查非谓语动词。此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰limitations，且limitations和place为逻辑上的被动关系，故填placed。

B

Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes ever to hit the United States. About 1,833 people died in the hurricane and the floods that 1. ________ (follow) in late August 2005, and millions of others were left 2. ________ (home) along the Gulf Coast and in New Orleans.

Katrina formed about 200 miles southeast of the Bahamas on Aug. 23, 2005. By the time it made 3. ________ (it) way to southern Florida on Aug. 25, Katrina was just a Category One hurricane. While it caused some floods and two deaths during its first landfall, it appeared to be just another hurricane in an 4. ________ (act) hurricane season. 5. ________ (surprising), Katrina strengthened into a Category Five hurricane on Aug. 28, with winds 6. ________ (blow) at about 280 kph.

The National Guard was called in to help people leave dangerous areas. Thousands looked for shelter in the New Orleans Convention Centre, 7. ________ was extremely crowded.

Government officials have tried to learn from the disaster and carried out better environmental and communication plans. The Army Corps of Engineers has rebuilt the levee(堤坝) system, making it 8. ________ (high). The city of New Orleans has improved people's access 9. ________ disaster information. For example, they have 10. ________ email and text message system called NolaReady that 13,000 people have signed up for.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2005年在美国新奥尔良市发生的超级飓风卡特里娜给当地人带来的巨大痛苦。

1. followed　考查时态。此处叙述的是2005年发生的事情，要使用一般过去时。

2. homeless　考查形容词。所填的词作主语补足语，对主语millions of others进行补充说明，所以用homeless。

3. its　考查代词。短语make one's way to意为“前往……”，此处使用its代替主语it。

4. active　考查形容词。所填的词作定语修饰名词hurricane season，所以用形容词形式。

5. Surprisingly　考查副词。所填的词作状语修饰整个句子，所以用副词形式。

6. blowing　考查非谓语动词。此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构。当宾语和作宾语补足语的动词构成主动关系的时候，要使用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语。

7. which　考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词the New Orleans Convention Centre，在句中作主语。

8. higher　考查比较级。本句使用比较级表示与过去相比，现在的堤坝更高，故填higher。

9. to　考查介词。have access to ... 意为“有权进入，可以使用”，是固定搭配。

10. an　考查冠词。此处泛指一个邮件和短信系统，email以元音音素开头，故填an。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 噪音似乎是从楼下传过来的。(as if)

It_seems_as_if the noise comes from downstairs.

2. 由于种种原因，许多学生已养成了熬夜的习惯，这对他们的健康有很坏的影响。(effect)

For various reasons, many students have got into the habit of staying up late, which has_a_bad_effect_on_their_health.

3. 为了保持健康，他给自己定了一个规矩——晚饭后散步。(make it＋n.＋ to do ...)

To keep fit, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walk after supper.

4. 为何你不让他注意到你因病得太厉害而不能继续工作呢？ (too ... to ...)

Why don't you bring it to his attention that you are_too_ill_to_go_on_working?

5. 所有的店员都很难相处，这对你们的声誉极其有害。(主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do ...)

All the shop assistants are_hard_to_get_along_with,_which does great harm to your reputation.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ.  阅读理解

(2020·山东日照联考)Rescue workers and thousands of volunteers are not the only ones who have won hearts and minds for their heroic efforts in the search for survivors after Tuesday's powerful earthquake in Mexico. Fifteen dogs from the navy's canine (军犬) unit have assisted this week in the rescue efforts at the sites of collapsed buildings across Mexico City, where more than 50 people have been pulled alive from the ruins.

Of the canine heroes none is more famous or loved than Frida, a six­year­old white Labrador who in her distinguished service has won praise for her ability to detect people who have been trapped by various natural disasters. Over her admirable career she has found 52 people including 12 survivors in Mexico and other Latin American countries.

This week, Frida and Evil and Echo — two Belgian Shepherds that have also been specially trained for rescue efforts — were sent to the site of the collapsed Enrique Rebsamen School in southern Mexico City.

Equipped with goggles (护目镜) that protect her eyes from dust and smoke, boots to prevent damage to her paws while she climbs over rough ruins, Frida took to her work looking over every part of the ruins.

“If Frida detects the presence of a survivor, she is trained to bark to alert rescue workers, but if she detects a corpse, she stops suddenly before proceeding，” her handler explained.

Eleven children were rescued from the ruins at the school, but this time human rescue workers rather than the dogs were the ones who located them.

However, that hasn't stopped Frida from becoming a social media star and reaching a new level of fame this week. Videos and other social media posts that highlight the work of Frida and her impressive records of detecting people trapped by natural disasters spread quickly online.

While she has yet to detect anyone trapped in the ruins this week, she and other rescue dogs are continuing to work tirelessly, searching through spaces that humans cannot reach. With the possibility that there are still people trapped alive, time will tell whether she adds to her rescue records.

1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Severe Earthquakes in Mexico

B. Undertaking Rescue Work

C. People Waiting for Rescue

D. Special Rescuers in Mexico

2. What makes Frida a social media star?

A. Her rescue records and tireless work.

B. Her cooperation with the rescue team.

C. Her cool appearance with some special devices.

D. Her ability to search spaces beyond humans' reach.

3. What does the underlined word “corpse” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. An article of clothing.

B. An unconscious animal.

C. A dead person.

D. A special signal.

4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.

A. Frida will achieve nothing

B. Frida will probably work miracles

C. more dogs will be sent to the area

D. the rest of the rescue will be done by dogs

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在墨西哥发生强烈地震后，来自海军军犬队的十五条军犬参与了救援工作，其中Frida获得了大量关注。

1. D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，在墨西哥发生强烈地震后，并不是只有救援人员和成千上万的志愿者参与了救援行动，来自海军军犬队的十五条军犬也参与了救援工作。故选D。

2. A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Videos and other social media posts that highlight the work of Frida and her impressive  records of detecting people trapped by natural disasters spread quickly online.”可知，使Frida成为社交媒体明星的是它的营救记录和孜孜不倦的工作，故选A。

3. C　词义猜测题。 根据画线词前的“the presence of a survivor”和转折连词but可推断画线词corpse与survivor意义相反，其意思为“尸体”，故选C。

4. B　推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“While she has yet to detect anyone trapped in the ruins this week, she and other rescue dogs are continuing to work tirelessly, searching through spaces that humans cannot reach.”可知，Frida可能会创造奇迹，故选B。

Ⅱ. 七选五

How to Manage Holiday Stress

As the holiday season approaches, I encourage my patients to ask themselves if the glass is half full or half empty. How we manage the holidays may have as much to do with our expectations as our resources. 　1　

Your neighbours are throwing a holiday party, and they've asked you to make all of the desserts. 　2　 While you feel very overwhelmed, you feel a sense of obligation (义务) to please others.

In situations like these, I advise my patients to take a step back and remember that they're not supermen. Don't let “supposed to do” take the place of what you would like to do. To reduce pressure, try to keep your life simple by talking with family members or friends before making decisions. 　3　

It also helps to get prepared for some problems. This goes back to managing expectations. Prepare for the unexpected and know that some problems are possible such as traffic or forgetting a present for a family member. 　4　

The holidays can also be a time of year that brings unpleasant memories such as sad events or anniversaries. For some who have experienced abuse, holiday activities can lead to unpleasant memories.

　5　 Make the most of them. Look for easy, social and comforting ways to celebrate. Get together with family and friends to bake while listening to great music or to help younger children make crafts for their presents while watching an old movie. These activities can reduce stress and can also be easy on your budget.

A. Remember that the holidays are as short as life.

B. It is not a good idea to give in to others' requests.

C. It is important to be realistic about what you want.

D. But you want to spend time with your family baking.

E. Spare your time with your family during the holiday.

F. This will help you to spend the holidays what you want.　

G. Most importantly, don't blame yourself for what goes wrong.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着假日的到来，有些人感到紧张不安，如何才能愉快地度过假期呢？作者在文中给我们提出了建议。

1. C　上一句谈到如何度假与自己的实际情况有关，C项“对自己想要什么实事求是是很重要的”说明了这个道理。空前的“our expectations”与C项中的“what you want”对应。

2. D　上一句中的“邻居让你做所有的甜点”及下文的“尽管你感到特别不知所措，但你觉得自己有义务去取悦别人”暗示着“在假期，你也有自己想做的事情”。故选D。

3. F　依据本段首句的“In situations like these”可知，作者提出了应对的建议，做决定之前与家人、朋友交谈，这可以帮助你用自己想要的方式度假。故选F。

4. G　上文谈到可能会有一些不愉快的事情出现，与G项中的“what goes wrong”对应。

5. A　下文谈到要充分利用假期，好好享受假期，说明“假期就像生命一样短暂”，故选A。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

I shall never forget the day when the earthquake took place. It was about 5 o'clock in the afternoon and I was   1   to my daughter's school. Our plan was to go

   2   together. I'd stopped at a   3   to get some fresh fruit. We like to have some fruit to eat  4  our swim. I was driving along a high road on the way.  5   

my road was another road which was built like a   6  . I was hungry so I put the bag of apples   7   me and started to eat one.   8   I saw the cars in front of me start to   9   from side to side. Then my car started to shake! I didn't know what was happening. Perhaps something had   10   wrong with my car. I drove a little more slowly and then I   11   the car and at the same moment the road   12   onto the cars in front of me. I found myself in the   13  . I couldn't move. My legs and feet were hurting badly and I couldn't move them. All round me was   14  ， but above me I could hear shouts and a lot of noise. Then I memorised what had happened. I had been   15   an earthquake.

1. A. driving　　　　 B. leading

C. walking D. running

2. A. shopping B. dancing

C. swimming D. sightseeing

3. A. farm B. shop

C. park D. school

4. A. after B. during

C. since D. once

5. A. Under B. Along

C. Over D. Beside

6. A. bridge B. roof

C. cover D. top

7. A. under B. along

C. inside D. beside

8. A. Finally B. Actually

C. Suddenly D. Slowly

9. A. move  B. roll

C. burst D. jump

10. A. been B. broken

C. gone D. done

11. A. parked B. started

C. moved D. stopped

12. A. put B. ran

C. fell D. jumped

13. A. dark B. afternoon

C. sun D. car

14. A. noisy B. dusty

C. quiet D. bloody

15. A. on B. at

C. by D. in

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在去女儿学校的路上遇到地震的情形。

1. A　根据下文中的“I was driving ...”可知，“我”正开着车。

2. C　根据下文中的“our swim”可知，“我们”计划一起去游泳。

3. B　根据下文中的“get some fresh fruit”可知，在一家商店那里停车去买些新鲜水果。

4. A　“我们”喜欢游泳后吃些水果。

5. C　根据下文中的“the road   12   onto the cars in front of me”可知，在道路上还有一条道路。

6. A　由下文可知，发生了地震，路塌了，砸到了“我”的车，由此可知“我”开车走的路上方应该是一条像桥一样的道路。

7. D　“我”饿了，因此把那袋苹果放在“我”旁边。

8. C　突然“我”看见前面的汽车开始左右摇摆。suddenly“突然”，符合语境。

9. A　汽车在路上左右摇摆。

10. C　根据上文中的“Then my car started to shake！”可知，作者认为可能自己的车出了故障。

11. D　“我”把车速放慢，然后停了下来。

12. C　根据上文中的“  5   my road was another road which was built like a ...”可知，上面的道路掉了下来。fall“掉落”，符合语境。

13. A　根据上文中的“... the road   12   onto the cars in front of me.”可推断出“我”被埋在了路下，因此“我”发现自己处于黑暗之中。

14. C　根据下文可知“我”周围非常安静。quiet“安静的”。

15. D　根据第一句“I shall never forget the day when the earthquake took place.”可知，“我”遇到了地震。

Ⅳ. 语法填空

Despite many laws and national parks to protect tigers, their habitats continue to be destroyed and they are still hunted. 1. 　　　　(sad), tigers are among the most endangered species in the world nowadays. Altogether, there are no more than 5,000 tigers 2. 　　　　 (leave) in the wild. Some think that the tiger is already to the point of 3. 　　　　(die) out in the wild. There are many reasons 4.　　　　 this, like habitat loss and hunting.

Over the years, a number of steps 5. 　　　　 (take) to help preserve the tiger population. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) protects wildlife and habitats. Today WCS is carrying out work in 53 nations across the world, protecting         6.　　　　  great variety of species from butterflies to tigers. In 2010, WCS started Tigers Forever, 7.　　　　 aim was to increase the number of tigers in the world by 50 percent in the next 10 years. To achieve their goals, they are working together with governments and other 8.　　　　(organise) which are willing to take strong and effective measures to protect tigers and other wild species.

Right now the tiger population 9.　　　　(increase) under this programme in India and in Far East Russia. Thanks to the hard work of WCS, these large cats have a chance of survival in their 10.　　　　 (nature) environments and not just in zoos.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。尽管有很多法律和自然公园用来保护老虎，但老虎的栖息地还是不断被破坏，老虎依然遭到猎捕，老虎成了世界上最濒危物种之一。幸运的是，野生动物保护协会正在致力于保护它们。

1. Sadly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语，故填Sadly。

2. left　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，tigers和leave(留下)之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填left。

3. dying　考查动名词。此处应用die的动名词形式作介词of的宾语，故填dying。

4. for　考查介词。此处考查搭配reason for“……的原因”，故填for。

5. have been taken　考查时态和语态。此处是句子的谓语动词，根据“Over the years”判断为现在完成时，steps和take之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填have been taken。

6. a　考查冠词。此处考查短语a variety of“大量”。great是辅音音素开头，故填a。

7. whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词“Tigers Forever”在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose，故填whose。

8. organisations　考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词作为介词with的宾语，由other判断用该名词的复数形式，故填organisations。

9. is increasing　考查时态。此处是句子的谓语动词，根据Right now(现在)判断为现在进行时，population作整体概念时，谓语动词使用单数形式，故填is increasing。

10. natural　考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为environment的定语，故填natural。