人教版中考英语一轮复习语法必考点---复合句

这是一份人教版中考英语一轮复习语法必考点---复合句，共15页。试卷主要包含了 宾语从句的引导词，宾语从句的时态，直接引语与间接引语，只用关系词that的情况等内容，欢迎下载使用。

中考一轮复习语法必考点---复合句
精讲
一．宾语从句
定义：在复合句中，如果一个句子位于及物动词、形容词或介词之后充当宾语，那么这个句子就叫宾语从句。
We' re discussing (why fast food is bad for our health).
主语 谓语 why为引导词，引导宾语从句
我们正在讨论为什么快餐对我们的健康有害。

在中考真题中，宾语从句不仅涉及引导词、语序、时态三大要素的考查，还会涉及直接引语与间接引语的转换。
1. 宾语从句的引导词
1）that：本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略
2）what/which/who/whom/whose等连接代词：在从句中做主语、宾语、定语等成分，不能省略
3）when/where/why/how等连接副词：在从句中做时间、地点、原因、方式等状语，不能省略
4）if/whether：意为“是否”，不做句子成分，但不能省略

拓展：
（1） 引导词that不可省略的情况
①当that做宾语从句的主语时；
②当宾语从句前有插入语时：
③当宾语从句中含有复合句时；
④当并列连词连接两个或多个宾语从句时，除第一个从句中的that可省略外，其余从句中的that均不可省略

（2） 宾语从句中的否定前移
在宾语从句中，若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,谓语是think/believe/suppose等，且主句为一般现在时，要将从句的否定词not转移到主句的谓语中，即“主句的谓语用否定式，而从句的谓语用肯定式”
如：I don't think it is a good idea to visit the city in winter.
我认为在冬天参观这个城市不是个好主意。

2. 宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中，主句无论是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一般都要用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋...”

1)陈述语序:（引导词＋主语＋谓语＋ . . )
2)疑问词＋to do
3)引导词在宾语从句中做主语，语序不变

拓展：
（1） “疑问词＋to do”结构为宾语从句的简化：
在宾语从句中，从句主语和主句主语相同，且主句谓语是know/remember/fonget/go/leam/teach/ask/tell/show 等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋todo”结构

（2） 引导词在宾语从句中做主语的常见固定句型：
What's the matter with you?
What's wrong with you?
What's up?

3.宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中，主从句的时态变化可简记为；主现主将从不限，主过从过。

1）主句：现在／将来时态 从句：根据意义可用任何时态
2）主句：过去时态 从句：多用过去的某种时态

拓展：
当从句表示的是客观真理或永久性状况时，无论主句用任何时态，从句常用一般现在时。如：John told his littledaughter the earth moves from the west to the east.
约翰告诉他的小女儿地球自西向东转动。

4.直接引语与间接引语
（1)直接引语与间接引语的转换
引用或转述别人的话有两种方式：
一是用引号直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语：
二是用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。
在引述或转述别人的话时，须用ask、say、tell、think、wonder、repeat等类似的动词，这样的动词叫引述（转述）动词。如：

直接引语 引述动词
＂Have you ever been in a hot air balloon? "Melissa asked her mom.
“你坐过热气球吗？”梅丽莎问她的妈妈。

转述动词 间接引语
Melissa asked her mom if/whether she had ever been in a hot air balloon.
梅利莎问她妈妈是否坐过热气球。

将直接引语转换为间接引语时，间接引语多以宾语从句的形式体现。
此时，从句的人称、时态、指示代词、谓语或状语均须发生相应的变化。

类别
直接引语
间接引语
人称

第一人称
与主句主语一致
第二人称
与主句间接宾语一致
第三人称
人称不变
谓语

come 来
go 去
bring 带来
take 带走
时态

一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
指示代词

this 这个
that那个
these 这些
those 那些
地点状语
here 这儿
there那儿
时间状语

now 现在
then 那时
today 今天
that day 那天

拓展：
1） 说话者在当地、当时转述别人的话时，时间状语和地点状语不变
2） 过去将来时和过去完成时在初中阶段为超纲点，只需了解即可
3） 直接引语变为间接引语后相当于一个宾语从句，从句的时态在以下几种情况下，无须变化
①直接引语是客观真理、自然现象或名言警句时；
②引述动词是一般现在时；
③直接引语的时态是过去完成时或过去进行时；
④直接引语中有确定的过去时间状语；
⑤直接引语中含有情态动词 must,need,had better 及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would等

二．定语从句
定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，常置于定语从句前；
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，置于先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又在定语从句中充当某种成分。

Shirley is the girl｛who has taught me how to useWeChat}
先行词 关系词（做主语）谓语 间宾 直宾
修饰人
雪莉是教我如何使用微信的女孩。

1.定语从句的关系词
关系词
先行词
从句中所做成分
关
系
代
词

who
人
做主语（不能省略）、宾语（可省略）；做宾语时，可与whom互换
whom
人
做宾语，一般可省略；whom 前若有介词，不能省略
which
物
做主语（不能省略）、宾语（可省略）；which前若有介词，不能省略
that
人／物
做主语（不能省略）、宾语（可省略）；做宾语时，前面不能有介词
whose
人／物
做定语，先行词指物时可与of which互换




关
系
副
词
when
时间
做时间状语，可与on/in. . . +which 互换
where
地点
做地点状语，可与at/in. . . +which 互换
why
原因
做原因状语，可与for which 互换


拓展：
定语从句中的主谓一致；定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数应与它的先行词保持一致
①定语从句的先行词表单数意义，谓语用单数。
如：A kind of shared bike which is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.
在成都，一种叫“小蓝单车”的共享单车正变得越来越流行。
②定语从句的先行词表复数意义，谓语则用复数。
如：You are talented young adults who are full of hope for the future.
你们是对未来充满希望的有才华的年轻人.

2.只用关系词that的情况
1)先行词是all/every/some/little/no/something等不定代词或被不定代词修饰
Being blind is something (that)most people can't imagine.
失明是大多数人无法想象的事情。
2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
It's the best book that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的一本书。
3)先行词被 the same/the last/the only/the very/the one(s)修饰
＂Underground" is the only word in the English language that begins and ends with the letters “und”.
“Underground”是英语中唯一一个以字母“und”开头和结尾的词。
4)先行词既有人又有物
I still remember the college and the teachers that I visited in London years ago.
我仍然记得多年前我在伦敦参观的大学和拜访的老师。
5)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句
Who is the man that is reading a book over there?
正在那里读书的那个人是谁？

三．状语从句
定义：在复合句中，充当状语的从句叫状语从句，
状语从句用于修饰主句或主句中的动词，副词或形容词，
引导状语从句的连词叫从属连词，
状语从句按其作用可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句等。

My mother won't allow my father to drive (unless he promises to give up drinking.)
unless 为条件从属连词，引导条件状语从句
我妈妈不允许我爸爸开车，除非他答应戒酒。
1. 从属连词（短语）

表时间:when, while, as,as soon as,since,till/until,before,after
表地点:where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere
表原因:because,since,as,now that
表条件:if,unless,as (so) long as
表让步:although, though, even though,even if,no matter+疑问词，疑问词－ever
表结果:so. . .that,such. . .that
表目的:so that,in order that
表比较:than, as/so. . .as

2.状语从句的时态
原则
主句
从句
主将从现
一般将来时
常用一般现在时
主祈从现
祈使句
常用一般现在时
主情从现
含有情态动词的一般现在时
多用一般现在时

拓展：
if引导的条件状语从句大多数都需遵循以上三种原则，但在引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句时，时态会因虚拟时间的变化而变化。
如：If I were a bird,I would fly in the blue sky.
如果我是一只鸟，我就会翱翔于蓝天之中。
【与现在事实相反】
If I had got there earlier,I should have met her.
如果我早点到那里的话，我就会见到她了。
【与过去事实相反】
If he were to come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
【与将来事实相反】


精练
一． 完成句子
1. Mr. Zhang asked us when we should go to dance classes.(改为简单句）
Mr. Zhang asked us_________________go to dance classes.
2. John asked "Can you care for my pet cat while I'm away?”（改写句子，句意不变）
John asked_________I_________care for his pet cat while he was away.
3. "Why does Jim send flowers to Ms. Grey every September? ”he wondered. (改写句子，句意不变）
He wondered why_______________flowers to Ms. Grey every September.
4. This warning sign tells us not to pick flowers.(改写句子，句意不变）
This warning sign says, “____________________flowers! ”
5. The teacher said,"Don't cheat in exams,Children.”（改写句子，句意不变）
The teacher told the children_____________cheat in exams.

二．单项选择
1. -Could you tell me_______________？
－Talking about festivals.
A. how they are playing B. what they are doing
C.where they are going D. why they are practicing
2. -Could you tell me __________you'll go to Paris?
－Next month.
A. why B.where C.when D.how
3. Can anyone suggest_____to go for lunch?
A.why B.what C.who D.where
4. -It's important for us to know ______all the subjects.
－Yeah, group work is my favorite.
A. how to study B. when to study C. which to study D.what to study
5. I hear they are going to London, but I don't know ______they will stay there.
A.how soon B.how often C.how long D.how fast
6. -I just came back from Shanghai Disneyland. Can you guess______？
－I've no idea. But it can't be cheap. I've heard everything is very expensive there.
A. how I came back home
B.how many days I stayed there
C.how much I paid for the Mickey Mouse toy
7. You should come by eleven o'clock_______you want good seats.
A.if B.whether C.when
8. -Are you going camping this afternoon?
－A typhoon is coming. I'm not sure______the road to the mountain will be closed.
A.which B.what C.whether D.why
9. -Excuse me,could you tell me________?
－Well,there's one on your left.
A.when the bank opens B.where the bank is
C.how far is the bank D. how can I get to the bank
10. Excuse me,can you help find out_______with my computer?
A.what wrong is B.what's wrong C.what was wrong D.what wrong was
11. -Someone is knocking at the door,dad!
－Go and see______.
A. who is it B. who it is C.who was it D.who it was
12. Don't worry. We are thinking about________.
A. what should we do next
B.if we should do that
C.that we should do
13. -Could you please tell me______？
－For two weeks.
A. how soon he will be back
B. how long he will be away
C. how long will he be back
14. -Judy,could you tell me_______the schoolbag?
－Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet.
A. where did you buy B.where will you buy C.where you bought D.where you will buy
15. -The light in Bill's office is still on. I wonder________.
－Maybe at midnight again.
A. if will he stop working B. why he works so hard
C. how long will he work D. when he will stop working
16. How should you add the correct punctuation marks to the following sentence?_____
A. Amy said “If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home. ”
B. Amy said “if it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home.”
C. Amy said, if it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home.
D. Amy said, “If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home."
17. -Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel?
－Yes. Hansel is a smart boy_____often comes up with a good idea.
A. who B.whom C.where D.which
18. Success will belong to those______never say "impossible”.
A.whom B.what C.who D.which
19. My hometown is the place＿____holds all my sweet memories.
A.who B.which C.what
20. She often parks her car near the house_______she can easily get to.
A.where B.who C.which D.what
21. Yesterday, Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house______he was born in.
A.which B.where C.what D.it
22. Roald Dahl was a great children's writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture______was different to most other writers.
A.that B.who C. / D.whom
23. Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience______people cannot get at home.
A.that B.who C.whom D.what
24. -There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?
－The one______hat is yellow.
A.who B.whose C.that D.which
25. Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.Everything______comes into sight is so new to me.
A.that B.which C.who D.whom
26. Being blind is something______most people can't imagine.
A.who B.what C.that D.whom
27. This is one of the most interesting cities_______I have ever visited.
A.who B.that C.which D.where
28. -What kind of TV show do you prefer?
－I like the ones ___ make me laugh.
A.who B.whom C.that D.what
29. As for learning English, students_____＿read a lot can do much better than____who don't.
A.who;that B.which;those C.that;those
30. -CCTV has produced a TV show-Chinese Poetry Competition.Have you seen it?
－Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, ______studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan,is the winner.
A. which B.where C.who D.whom
31. Don't worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you_____away on business.
A.are B.were C.will be D.have been
32. -Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there?
－I'm not sure. But I'll ring you up as soon as I______there tomorrow.
A. arrive B.arrived C.will arrive D.am going to arrive
33. Johnson won't answer the phone if he _____the number.
A.knew B.doesn't know C.will know D.didn't know
34. Stop smoking, Joe! You ______ yourself if you keep on doing it like that!
A.will kill B.have killed C.kill D.killed
35. -What_____if they_____to the meeting late?
－Sorry, I don't know.
A. will happen;go B.happened;go
C.happens;will go D.will happen; will go
36. -I wonder if Tom_______this afternoon.
－Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he______.
A.will come;comes
37. -Did Alice tell you______to get to the station?
－Yes,she said we would meet there at ten.
A. How B.what C.when D.where
38. -Excuse me,do you know______?
－On foot.
A. what Alice came to do B.where Alice came from
B. how Alice came here D.who Alice came with
39. I know he's been curious about everything,but that's_______.Be patient!
A. what do kids like B.what kids like C.what are kids like D. what kids are like
40. -After we enter the high school,we will have the courses about life management. We can choose what we like. I wonder______.
－Physics. I want to study science in the future.
A. what choosing courses is for
B. what courses you want to take
C. what you think of choosing courses




参考答案：
一．1.when to 2.if/whether;could 3.Jim sent 4.Don’t pick/No picking 5.not to

二．1-5BCDAC 6-10CACBB 11-15BBBCD 16-20DACBC 21-25AAABA 26-30CBCCC 31-35AABAA 36-40ACCDB