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广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末统考英语试题
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这是一份广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末统考英语试题，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，邀请信，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末统考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
RINSE AND REPEAT
The water used by your household can then do double duty on a lawn or garden. Welcome to grey water recycling.
Water’s not black and white: There’s a grey zone. What goes down the drain after showers, toothbrushing, or laundry is called grey water (in contrast to black water which goes down the toilet). You wouldn’t drink it, but your plants can.
California-based Greywater Action runs workshops on reusing rainwater and drain water. Not all locations allow it, but in those that do, it’s relatively simple to set up. Here are some basics.
The easy solution
Projects that reuse grey water range from the professional to the DIY: a laundry-to-landscape system that can be made over a weekend with a few hundred dollars in parts. Install a diverter valve (分流阀) on the pipe of your washing machine. After a cycle, guide used water out through a PVC pipe to plantings.
Storage and use
Use a grey water project to rethink your landscape, suggests Greywater Action co-founder Laura Allen. Start with reducing typically thirsty lawns and then add climate-appropriate trees, bushes, and ground cover. Besides, grey water smells if it’s not used right now. Allen also advises flushing (冲洗) storage tanks daily.
Work the laws
If your city or state regulations ban the use of grey water, ask to have them reviewed. Diverting grey water can help conventional wastewater treatment systems last longer and reduce peak flow into channels. Also, it isn’t “grey” until it goes down a drain. So catch water that falls as the shower warms in a five-gallon container, then use it in your toilet tank or garden.
1．What does the text focus on?
A．Why grey water smells. B．Why grey water exists.
C．How grey water can be reused. D．How grey water can be reduced.
2．What can we know about grey water in the text?
A．Water flushed by the toilet is grey water.
B．The facilities must be installed by professionals.
C．Grey water should be used immediately to prevent smells.
D．The storage tanks have to be carefully washed once a week.
3．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A magazine. B．An advertisement. C．A research paper. D．A biology textbook.
On July 2, 1937, Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan left Lae, New Guinea for Howland Island in the Pacific. This was without a doubt the longest and most dangerous part of their trip around the world. Earhart had trouble shortly after takeoff. The weather was stormy, so she had to fly at approximately 3,000 meters. Going this high the plane used up gas quickly.
After about 20 hours, Earhart and Noonan approached Howland Island. The island was only about a hundred kilometers away at this point, but the bright sun was shining in their faces, so they couldn’t see it. Near Howland, a ship—the Itasca—was waiting. Earhart contacted the ship: “Gas is low,” she said. The Itasca tried to maintain contact with her, but it got no response. Finally, the Itasca called for help. People searched for Earhart and Noonan for days. Despite great efforts, they found nothing.
What happened to Amelia Earhart? No one knows for sure. During the flight, she likely headed in the wrong direction because the sun was bright and it was hard to see. Perhaps she and Noonan got lost somewhere over the Pacific. Soon after, her plane ran out of gas, and she crashed into the sea. Another idea is that Earhart might have landed on a nearby, uninhabited island called Nikumaroro, where she later died. Researchers recently brought bone-sniffing dogs to the island, though, and no human bones were found. A more extreme theory is that Earhart flew the plane to Marshall Island and later secretly returned to the United States under a new name.
The first theory seems most likely. However, none of these ideas has been proven. Today, people are still investigating Earhart’s and Noonan’s disappearance. Whatever happened, Earhart probably died as she wished, “When I go,” she once said, “I’d like best to go in my plane.”
4．Why was the flight to Howland Island so difficult to Earhart and Noonan?
A．The trip was most dangerous in the world.
B．The flight contained a height of 3,000 meters.
C．Earhart and Noonan were inexperienced pilots.
D．Howland Island was far away from New Guinea.
5．What happened shortly after Earhart and Noonan took off from New Guinea?
A．They were forced to fly higher because of a storm.
B．The sun was too bright to see so Earhart lost direction.
C．The Itasca got no response from them and lost their contact.
D．Their plane soon ran out of gasoline so it crashed into the sea.
6．How is Paragraph 3 developed?
A．By giving examples. B．By listing assumptions.
C．By making contrast. D．By providing cause and effect.
7．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A failed trip to explore Howland Island.
B．A mysterious disappearance of two pilots.
C．A difficult investigation of a missing plane.
D．Two women heroic pilots and their last flight.
Seafood that never sees the sea
Although 80% of the world’s seafood comes from marine harvests, there is a major shift underway toward aquaculture (水产业) now. Nearly 40% of salmon marketed today is raised in fish farms, compared with 6% a decade ago. Almost 35% of all oysters are produced in farm environments, along with 65% of freshwater fish. “The fact that world seafood supplies continue to increase at all is due almost entirely to the phenomenal growth in aquaculture,” says Anne Platt McGinn, a research associate at the Worldwatch Institute.
Biotechnology is contributing to high-yield aquaculture through transgenics—the transfer of genes from one species to another. Researchers introduce advantageous genetic features into fish, creating stronger stocks. For example, some species of fish have a protein that allows them to live in Arctic waters. By transplanting this “anti-freeze” gene into other species, researchers have created more fish that can survive in extremely cold water. Biotechnologists are attempting to improve a wide range of genetic features in fish used for aquaculture, developing fish that are larger and faster-growing, more efficient in changing feed into muscle, more tolerant of low oxygen levels in water, and better able to resist disease.
While aquaculture produces a reliable source of protein, there are a lot of environmental problems in the industry, claims McGinn. Perhaps the biggest concern is water pollution. Fish waste and uneaten food accumulate at farm sites and can float directly downstream into water supplies. McGinn charges that aquaculture also uses resources inefficiently. Fish farms need protein feed, and about 17% of ocean fish, an overharvested wild resource, becomes food for farm-raised fish. “An estimated five kilograms of oceanic fish reduced into fish meal are required to raise one kilogram of farmed ocean fish or shrimp, representing a large net protein loss,” says McGinn.
Fish farming does not have to be an inefficient or polluting industry. McGinn predicts that many consumers will choose sustainably produced fish in the future, just as they prefer dolphin-free tuna (金枪鱼) today.
8．What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A．Nearly 80% of the world’s seafood is sourced from marine harvests.
B．The aquaculture undergoes minor changes within the recent decade.
C．Most of the seafood people consume are supplied by fish farms today.
D．The increase in aquaculture brings about the rise of world seafood supplies.
9．How do biotechnologists promote the high production of seafood?
A．They create even larger and faster-growing fish.
B．They make use of the technology of transgenics.
C．They introduce a variety of genetic features in fish.
D．They transplant “anti-freeze” genes into other species.
10．What is one of the problems caused by present seafood industry?
A．It fails to provide a reliable source of protein.
B．It reduces the wild resource for farm-raised fish.
C．It leads to the over-consumption of oceanic fish.
D．It causes great water pollution downstream only.
11．What does McGinn mean by saying “just as they prefer dolphin-free tuna today”?
A．Aquaculture is a very serious polluting industry.
B．Fish farming can be improved to be eco-friendly.
C．Most consumers are against the present fish farming.
D．Dolphin-free tuna is consumers’ favourite fish meal.
If you think search engines powered by artificial intelligence provide you with useful-sounding answers, it is more likely that you are wrong, researchers have found. “In these current systems, accuracy is negatively related to perceived usefulness,” says Nelson at Stanford University. “The things that look better end up being worse.”
Microsoft is just one of many companies offering AI-powered search tools, which generate results in digestible paragraphs that cite other websites rather than simply returning a list of links. To investigate these tools, Nelson and his colleagues fed 1,450 popular searches into Bing Chat and other such tools, including NeevaAI and PerplexityAI. These questions included examples such as “What are the latest technological discoveries?” The team then asked people to rate whether the content used as citations (引文) in the results actually supported the statements made by the AIs.
According to this assessment, only 75% of citations supported the sentences they were attached to, and only 52% of statements were supported by citations at all. “That means the rest either have no citations, or they are just wrong.” says Nelson.
The researchers also asked people to rate fluency of response and how useful they seemed, and discovered a negative correspondence. For every 0.1 increase in fluency ratings, the precision decreased by 10.6%.
Aravind Srinlvas, a co-founder of PerplexityAI, says he welcomes the study. “The results are similar to the work the company has conducted, and improvements are possible. Never judge an upcoming technology by what it is today, but rather by the potential for what it can be in the future,” he says. But Nelson isn’t sure whether AI-powered search is the right approach. “I’m a little mixed on whether such search tools should be rolled into systems,” he says.
12．How did Nelson’s team examine the AI-powered search tools?
A．They interviewed different experts on this field.
B．They invited Bing Chat users to rate the content.
C．They compared the results of different companies.
D．They input commonly searched questions into the tools.
13．Why did Nelson’s team conduct the study on AI-powered engines?
A．To offer sources and citations. B．To demonstrate their potentials.
C．To highlight their positive aspects. D．To test their accuracy and fluency.
14．What is Aravind Srinlvas’s attitude towards the future of AI-powered engines?
A．Optimistic. B．Intolerant. C．Skeptical. D．Wait-and-see.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．AI Is Coming to Search Engines
B．How to Live with Artificial Intelligence
C．Can We Trust AI-Powered Search Engine
D．Microsoft Adopts AI-Powered Search Engine
二、七选五
Writing poetry can seem frightening if you do not feel you are naturally creative. But with the right inspiration and approach, you can also write a poem that you can be proud to share with others in class or with your friends.
◆ 16 You can start your poem by focusing on a particular subject or concept that you find fascinating. This can give your poem a clear goal or objective. For example, you may decide to write a poem around the theme of “love and friendship.”
◆Choose a poetic form. Get your creative juices flowing by picking a form for your poem. There are many different poetic forms that you can use, from free verse to sonnet. 17 Choose one and stick to that structure so your reader feels connected to your poem.
◆Use concrete imagery. Avoid abstract imagery and go for concrete descriptions in your poem. You should always try to describe something using the five senses: smell, taste, touch, sight, and sound. Using concrete imagery will immerse your reader in the world of your poem. 18
◆Include literary devices. Literary devices like metaphor and simile add variety and depth to your poetry. 19 Try to use some throughout your poem, varying them so you do not use only metaphors or only similes in your writing.
◆Read the poem out loud. Once you have completed a draft of the poem, you should read it aloud to yourself. 20 Pay attention to how each line of your poem flows into the next. Keep a pen close by so you can mark any lines or words that sound awkward.
A．Pick a specific theme or idea.
B．Notice how the words sound on the page.
C．You may go for some that you find easy to use.
D．And it will also make images come alive for them.
E．Using them can make your poem stand out to your readers.
F．Decide poems written in the same poetic form you are interested in.
G．You should also share your poem with other poets to get feedback from them.
三、完形填空
Andrew McLindon is a businessman and cyclist. About 15 years ago, he was 21 his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had 22 known the joy of biking because he suffered from hydrocephalus (脑积水), which often causes 23 disturbances.
When he got home, McLindon went online and found a three-wheel 24 with a seatbelt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers, having 25 and getting exercise. But there was more, as McLindon received feedback from his friend. “To see his son 26 other kids,” McLindon says. “I’ll never forget the smile on his face.”
That 27 launched the McLindon Family Foundation. 28 by donations, the group works with pediatric rehab (儿童康复中心) clinics to find children who can 29 owning an adaptive bike—and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. A bike may 30 a headrest, a sea t belt, braking mechanism in the back, and so on. The bikes are 31 —$3,000 to $4,000, and that’s already with the foundation’s big discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life 32 .
“We worked with a 14-year-old who has spina bifida (脊柱裂),” says McLindon. “She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she 33 for special-needs triathlons: swimming, cycling, and running. In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was a(n) 34 in me.’” So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies,” McLindon says. “ 35 getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.”
21．A．selling B．repairing C．riding D．advertising
22．A．already B．never C．seldom D．almost
23．A．balance B．memory C．sleep D．mood
24．A．car B．cart C．vehicle D．bike
25．A．words B．fun C．sport D．lessons
26．A．talk with B．test out C．call on D．interact with
27．A．sentence B．comment C．action D．smile
28．A．Funded B．Planned C．Held D．Organized
29．A．benefit from B．compete for C．recover from D．long for
30．A．connect B．include C．fit D．keep
31．A．comfortable B．reasonable C．expensive D．impressive
32．A．planner B．supporter C．changer D．carrier
33．A．applied B．trained C．tutored D．searched
34．A．athlete B．singer C．actor D．businessman
35．A．So B．Also C．Though D．But
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed grains worldwide, a study 36 (cover) more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has revealed that choosing rice as a staple food (主食) may result 37 a lower risk of obesity.
Researchers from Xi’an Jiaotong University collected data from participants, aged between 30s and 70s, 38 are residents of five northwestern provincial -level regions. The participants 39 (respond) to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity. 40 (make) a better analysis, the researchers divided the participants into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake, with similar 41 (frequent).
The results show that rice preference may be related to a lower risk of certain obesity types in 42 population of Northwest China. When wheat lovers changed their staple food to r ice five times per week, 43 showed a 36.5 percent lower risk of normal-weight obesity in men and a 20.5 percent lower risk of normal-weight central obesity in women.
The researchers concluded that 44 (compare) with a preference for wheat, a preference for rice, or changing from wheat to rice, could be associated with lower risks of overall fat accumulation, 45 (especial) for individuals with normal weight.
五、邀请信
46．假定你是李华，你在澳大利亚旅游的时候发现George对中国特别感兴趣，并希望能到中国旅行。请你邀请他到广州游览。内容包括：
1.感谢他的款待；
2.介绍广州标志性风物；
3.期盼回复。
参考词汇：标志性风物 iconic attraction
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答；
Dear George,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“What will we be singing for contest this year?” a student from my high school choir asked eagerly.
I dreaded (害怕) this moment. “I was thinking,” I said, “maybe we’ll skip the contest and just work hard on the concerts this year.”
“NO!” the kids protested.
“We’ve got to go to contest!”
“In Class A．”
“It’s tradition!”
This was true. Medals lined the front wall of the music room from the past successes of large, talented classes. But a swing in educational policies, with an emphasis on academics, had reduced my choir to a me re thirty-two students. My section leaders had graduated or been forced to drop music classes, leaving me with young, inexperienced kids who couldn’t read music, couldn’t hold their parts, and could sing only a simple melody.
“Maybe we could enter Class B this year,” I suggested, knowing even that would be a near-impossible mission.
“No!” the kids screamed. “Class A!”
I shook my head, hoping their enthusiasm would die off in a couple of weeks.
Finally one morning I entered the classroom. “Look at the clock!” I demanded. “We’ve wasted two full minutes because some of you don’t have your music ready. If we are entering the contest in Class A…” The rest of my sentence was lost in screams of delight and applause.
“From now on,” I continued when the noise faded away, “you will find the day’s lesson plan on the board. Be in your seats with your music folders on the desk when the bell rings and sit at attention, ready for warm-ups the instant I’m ready to begin. When I’m working with one section, there will be no talking from the others. You will listen, and you will learn. You will work harder than you’ve ever worked in any class before. And if one of these rules is broken, we will not go to the contest. Does everyone agree to this?”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150词左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I was certain they would fail to keep this contract.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When the day finally arrived, the kids felt ready to win the contest.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．C 2．C 3．A
【导语】本文是应用文。主要介绍了灰水回收的概念和方法。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The water used by your household can then do double duty on a lawn or garden.Welcome to grey water recycling. (你家里用的水可以在草坪或花园上起到双重作用。欢迎来到灰水回收。)”可知，文章的重点是如何再利用灰水。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Storage and use部分的“Besides, grey water smells if it’s not used right now. (此外，如果现在不用灰水，它会有气味。)”可知，灰水应立即使用以防止异味。故选C。
3．推理判断题。阅读全文以及根据第一段“The water used by your household can then do double duty on a lawn or garden.Welcome to grey water recycling. (你家里用的水可以在草坪或花园上起到双重作用。欢迎来到灰水回收。)可知本文主要介绍了灰水回收的概念和方法。因此推断会出现在杂志上。故选A。
4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了阿梅利亚埃尔哈特和弗雷德努南在环球飞行中，从新几内亚的莱城出发前往夏威夷霍兰岛并在途中消失的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“On July 2, 1937, Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan left Lae, New Guinea for Howland Island in the Pacific. This was without a doubt the longest and most dangerous part of their trip around the world. (1937年7月2日，阿米莉亚埃尔哈特和弗雷德努南离开新几内亚的莱城，前往太平洋上的豪兰岛。毫无疑问，这是他们环球旅行中最漫长也是最危险的一段。)”可知，对埃尔哈特和努南来说，飞往豪兰岛是如此困难，是因为豪兰岛离新几内亚很远，这是他们环球旅行中最长也是最危险的一段。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The weather was stormy, so she had to fly at approximately 3, 000 meters. Going this high the plane used up gas quickly. (暴风雨天气，所以她必须在大约3000米的高度飞行。飞这么高，飞机很快就没油了。)”可知，埃尔哈特和努南从新几内亚起飞后不久，由于一场风暴，他们被迫飞得更高。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“What happened to Amelia Earhart? No one knows for sure. During the flight, she likely headed in the wrong direction because the sun was bright and it was hard to see. Perhaps she and Noonan got lost somewhere over the Pacific. (阿米莉亚埃尔哈特怎么了？没有人确切知道。在飞行过程中，她可能走错了方向，因为太阳太亮了，很难看清楚。也许她和努南在太平洋的某个地方迷路了)推知，第3段列出了一些假设来讲述两位主人公的经历。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。基于第三段的分析，并根据文章最后一段“The first theory seems most likely. However, none of these ideas has been proven. Today, people are still investigating Earhart’s and Noonan’s disappearance. Whatever happened, Earhart probably died as she wished, “When I go,” she once said, “I’d like best to go in my plane.” (第一种理论似乎最有可能。然而，这些想法都没有被证实。今天，人们仍然在调查埃尔哈特和努南的失踪。不管发生了什么，埃尔哈特可能会如她所愿地死去，“当我离开的时候，”她曾经说过，“我最想坐我的飞机离开。”)以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了两名飞行员神秘失踪的故事。故选B。
8．D 9．B 10．C 11．B
【导语】本文是说明文。这篇短文主要讲述了海洋养殖业的发展和影响。海洋捕捞正发生一场重大转变，向水产养殖业转变。生物技术通过转基因技术为高产水产养殖做出了贡献。虽然水产养殖业提供了可靠的蛋白质来源，但是环境问题也很多。但是养鱼业也可以成为生态友好型产业。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段的“‘The fact that world seafood supplies continue to increase at all is due almost entirely to the phenomenal growth in aquaculture,’ says Anne Platt McGinn，a research associate at the Worldwatch Institute. (世界观察研究所的研究助理Anne Platt McGinn说；“世界海产品供应持续增加的事实几乎完全是由于水产养殖的显著增长。”) ”可推断出，水产养殖的增加带来了世界海产品供应的增加。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Biotechnology is contributing to high-yield aquaculture through transgenics—the transfer of genes from one species to another. (生物技术通过转基因——将基因从一个物种转移到另一个物种——促进了高产水产养殖。)”可知，生物技术专家利用转基因技术来促进海产品的高产。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Fish farms need protein feed, and about 17% of ocean fish, an overharvested wild resource, becomes food for farm-raised fish. (养鱼场需要蛋白质饲料，而大约17%的海洋鱼类(一种过度捕捞的野生资源)成为了养殖鱼类的食物。)”可知，目前海产品产业造成的问题之一是它导致了对海洋鱼类的过度消费。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fish farming does not have to be an inefficient or polluting industry. McGinn predicts that many consumers will choose sustainably produced fish in the future，just as they prefer dolphin-free tuna(金枪鱼)today (养鱼业不一定是一个效率低下或污染严重的行业。McGinn预测，未来许多消费者将选择可持续生产的鱼类，就像他们今天更喜欢对海豚友好的金枪鱼一样。)可知，McGinn认为养鱼业不一定是一个效率低下或污染严重的行业，并用消费者更喜欢吃对海豚友好的金枪鱼举例，因此推断“just as they prefer dolphin-free tuna today.”意思是说，养鱼也可以改进为生态友好型产业。故选B。
12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍人工智能提供的答案可能是错的，研究人员对此做了一些分析调查进行验证。斯坦福大学的研究人员对于人工智能驱动的搜索是否是正确的方法表示疑虑。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“To investigate these tools, Nelson and his colleagues fed 1, 450 popular searches into Bing Chat and other such tools, including NeevaAl and PerplexityAl. (为了调查这些工具，Nelson和他的同事们在Bing Chat和其他类似的工具中输入了1450个流行搜索，包括NeevaAI和PerplexityAl。)可知，Nelson的团队是通过比较了不同公司的结果检查人工智能搜索工具的。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Aravind Srinlvas, a co-founder of PerplexityAl, says he welcomes the study. ‘The results are similar to the work the company has conducted, and improvements are possible. Never judge an upcoming technology by what it is today, but rather by the potential for what it can be in the future, ’ he says. (PerplexityAl的联合创始人Aravind Srinlvas表示，他欢迎这项研究。“结果与该公司所做的工作相似，并且有可能改进。永远不要根据一项即将到来的技术的现状来判断它，而要根据它未来的潜力来判断。”) ”可知，Nelson的团队要对人工智能引擎进行研究是为了展示它们的潜力。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Aravind Srinlvas, a co-founder of PerplexityAl, says he welcomes the study. ‘The results are similar to the work the company has conducted, and improvements are possible. Never judge an upcoming technology by what it is today, but rather by the potential for what it can be in the future, ’ he says. (PerplexityAl的联合创始人Aravind Srinlvas表示，他欢迎这项研究。“结果与该公司所做的工作相似，并且有可能改进。永远不要根据一项即将到来的技术的现状来判断它，而要根据它未来的潜力来判断。”)”可知，Aravind Srinlvas认为AI引擎的未来可以改进，要根据它未来的潜力判断它，因此推断他对于它们的潜力持积极的态度。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段“If you think search engines powered by artificial intelligence provide you with useful-sounding answers, it is more likely that you are wrong, researchers have found. “In these current systems, accuracy is negatively related to perceived usefulness,” says Nelson at Stanford University. “The things that look better end up being worse.”(研究人员发现，如果你认为由人工智能驱动的搜索引擎能为你提供听起来有用的答案，那么你很可能错了。斯坦福大学的尼尔森说：“在目前的系统中，准确性与感知有用性呈负相关。看起来更好的事情最终会变得更糟。”) ”可知文章介绍人工智能提供的答案可能是错的，研究人员对此做了一些分析调查进行验证。研究人员在做了一些调查研究后发现，只有75%的引用支持与其相关的句子，而只有52%的陈述句被引用支持。此外，研究人员还发现，回答的流畅程度与其准确性呈负相关。因此推断C项“我们能信任人工智能搜索引擎吗? ”为最佳标题。故选C。
16．A 17．C 18．D 19．E 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了写诗的几点方法。
16．分析文章可知，空处为段落小标题。根据下文“You can start your poem by focusing on a particular subject or concept that you find fascinating. This can give your poem a clear goal or objective.(你可以以一个你觉得很吸引人的主题或想法开始你的诗歌。这可以给你的诗一个明确的目标)”可知，本段主要讲述给诗歌确定主题，这样可以给诗歌一个目标，后文“For example, you may decide to write a poem around the theme of “love and friendship.”(例如，你可以决定写一首以“爱和友谊”为主题的诗)”也表明给诗歌选定主题是为了明确目标。故A选项“选择一个特定的主题或想法。”为最佳主题，故选A。
17．根据后文“Choose one poetic form and stick to that structure so your reader feels connected to your poem.(选择一种诗的形式，并坚持这种结构，这样你的读者就会和你的诗产生共鸣。)”可知，本句是在对诗歌形式的选择进行建议，C选项“You may go for a poetic form that you find easy to use.( 你可能会选择一些你觉得容易使用的。)”是对诗歌形式的选择所做的一个建议，其中“some”对应后文中“one poetic form”，符合语境，故选C。
18．根据前文“You should always try to describe something using the five senses: smell, taste, touch, sight, and sound. Using concrete imagery will immerse your reader in the world of your poem.(你应该总是试着用五种感官来描述事物：嗅觉、味觉、触觉、视觉和听觉。使用具体的意象将使你的读者沉浸在你的诗的世界里)”可知，本段的主旨是诗歌的描述要具体，这样会吸引读者沉浸在你的诗歌的世界里，D选项“它将也使形变得生动”承接上文，进一步说明具体描述的益处，also是表示递进是关键词。故选D。
19．根据上文“◆ Include literary devices. Literary devices like metaphor and simile add variety and depth to your poetry.(◆使用文学技巧。像隐喻和明喻这样的文学手法为你的诗歌增添了多样性和深度)”可知，本句承接上文说明文学技巧的作用，E选项中them对应上文literary devices。故E选项“使用它们可以让你的诗在读者中脱颖而出”符合语境，故选E。
20．根据后文“Pay attention to how each line of your poem flows into the next. Keep a pen close by so you can mark any lines or words that sound awkward or jumbled.(注意你的每一行诗是如何衔接到下一行的。在手边放一支笔，这样你就可以标记任何听起来别扭或混乱的一行或单词)”可知，后文提到标记听起来别扭的地方或混乱的一行或单词，即注意单词的发音，B选项中sound对应后文中sound。故B选项“注意单词在页面上的发音”符合语境，故选B。
21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．A 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Andrew McLindon通过一次帮助患有脑积水的男孩找到一辆带安全带的三轮自行车的经历中，成立了基金会，致力于帮助制作适应性自行车，以满足孩子的特殊需求。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约15年前，他在德克萨斯州奥斯汀骑自行车时，想起了一位朋友12岁的儿子。A. selling卖出；B. repairing修理；C. riding骑车；D. advertising打广告。根据后文“his bike”表示“骑自行车”应用动词ride。故选C。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩从来没有体验过骑自行车的乐趣，因为他患有脑积水，这种疾病经常导致平衡障碍。A. already已经；B. never从未；C. seldom几乎不；D. almost差不多。后文提到因为他患有脑积水，这种疾病经常导致平衡障碍，所以这个男孩从来没有体验过骑自行车的乐趣，故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩从来没有体验过骑自行车的乐趣，因为他患有脑积水，这种疾病经常导致平衡障碍。A. balance平衡；B. memory记忆；C. sleep睡眠；D. mood情绪。根据后文“perfect for a child with balance issues.”可知，这种疾病会影响平衡，故选A。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，麦克林登在网上找到了一辆带安全带的三轮自行车，非常适合有平衡问题的孩子。A. car汽车；B. cart购物车；C. vehicle交通工具；D. bike自行车。根据后文“the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers”可知，麦克林登在网上找到了一辆带安全带的三轮自行车，故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，这个男孩就和他的同龄人一起在街上骑车，玩得开心，锻炼身体。A. words单词；B. fun乐趣；C. sport运动；D. lessons课程。根据上文“the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers, having”指男孩和同龄人玩得开心，应用have fun。故选B。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“看到他的儿子与其他孩子互动，”麦克林登说。“我永远不会忘记他脸上的笑容。”A. talk with谈话；B. test out测验；C. call on拜访；D. interact with互动。呼应上文“the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers”男孩和同龄人骑车说明在互动。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个微笑创立了麦克林登家庭基金会。A. sentence句子；B. comment评论；C. action行动；D. smile微笑。呼应上文“I’ll never forget the smile on his face.”指孩子脸上的笑容让他创立了麦克林登家庭基金会。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在捐款的资助下，该组织与儿童康复诊所合作，寻找可以从拥有适应性自行车中受益的孩子，并帮助制作每辆自行车，以满足孩子的特殊需求。A. Funded提供资金；B. Planned计划；C. Held持有；D. Organized组织。根据后文“by donations”指该组织得到了捐款的资助，故选A。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在捐款的资助下，该组织与儿童康复诊所合作，寻找可以从拥有适应性自行车中受益的孩子，并帮助制作每辆自行车，以满足孩子的特殊需求。A. benefit from受益于；B. compete for竞争；C. recover from恢复；D. long for渴望。根据后文“help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child”可知，该组织帮助制作每辆自行车，以满足孩子的特殊需求，所以寻找的是可以从拥有适应性自行车中受益的孩子，故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自行车可能包括头枕、安全带、后面的制动装置等。A. connect连接；B. include包括；C. fit适合；D. keep保持。后文“a headrest, a sea t belt, braking mechanism in the back”是在列举自行车所包含的物品。故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些自行车很贵——3000到4000美元，这已经是基金会的大折扣了。A. comfortable舒服的；B. reasonable合理的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据后文“$3,000 to $4,000”可知，自行车价格高，很昂贵。故选C。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于那些有幸得到一个的孩子来说，它们改变了他们的生活。A. planner计划者；B. supporter支持者；C. changer改变者；D. carrier搬运人。结合后文一个孩子因为自行车成为了运动员，可知自行车改变了他们的生活。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她有了自行车后不久，她开始为特殊需要的三项全能运动进行训练：游泳、骑自行车和跑步。A. applied应用；B. trained训练；C. tutored指导；D. searched搜索。根据后文“for special-needs triathlons: swimming, cycling, and running”指为特殊需要的三项全能运动进行训练：游泳、骑自行车和跑步。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次杂志采访中，她说：“我一直都知道我是一名运动员。”A. athlete运动员；B. singer歌手；C. actor演员；D. businessman商人。上文提到为特殊需要的三项全能运动进行训练：游泳、骑自行车和跑步，这些是运动项目，所以是运动员。故选A。
35．考查连词词义辨析。句意：“但让这些孩子拥有自行车是我做的最重要的事情。”A. So所以；B. Also此外；C. Though虽然；D. But但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故用but。故选D。
36．covering 37．in 38．who 39．responded 40．To make 41．frequency 42．the 43．they 44．compared 45．especially
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。大米和小麦是世界上最常被人们食用的两种谷物。一项覆盖中国西北10余万人的研究显示，以大米为主食可能会降低肥胖风险。
36．考查现在分词。句意：虽然大米和小麦是世界上最常食用的两种谷物，但一项覆盖中国西北地区10万多人的研究显示，选择大米作为主食可能会降低肥胖的风险。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是has revealed，cover为非谓语动词，study与cover之间是主谓关系，用现在分词短语作后置定语。故填covering。
37．考查介词。句意：虽然大米和小麦是世界上最常食用的两种谷物，但一项覆盖中国西北地区10万多人的研究显示，选择大米作为主食可能会降低肥胖的风险。result in“导致”是动词短语，符合句意。故填in。
38．考查定语从句。句意：西安交通大学的研究人员收集了参与者的数据，他们年龄在30岁到70岁之间，是西北五个省级地区的居民。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词participants在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
39．考查动词时态。句意：参与者通过面对面的访谈回答问卷，提供有关他们的病史和生活方式的信息，如饮酒、吸烟和体育活动。根据前文中collected可知，讲述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时。 故填responded。
40．考查动词不定式。句意：为了进行更好的分析，研究人员根据参与者每周大米和小麦的摄入量将他们分为三组，频率相似。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，单词to在句首，首字母大写。故填To make。
41．考查不可数名词。句意：为了进行更好的分析，研究人员根据参与者每周大米和小麦的摄入量将他们分为三组，频率相似。介词with后接名词作宾语，frequency是不可数名词。故填frequency。
42．考查定冠词。句意：研究结果表明，西北地区人群对大米的偏好可能与某些肥胖类型的风险较低有关。名词population后接介词短语of Northwest China作后置定语，加the表示特指。故填the。
43．考查代词。句意：当爱吃小麦的人每周五次把主食换成大米时，他们发现男性患正常体重肥胖的风险降低了36.5%，女性患正常体重中心型肥胖的风险降低了20.5%。根据句意可知，此处用they指代前文中的wheat lovers。故填they。
44．考查过去分词。句意：研究人员得出结论，与偏爱小麦相比，偏爱大米，或者从小麦换成大米，可能会降低总体脂肪积累的风险，尤其是对体重正常的人来说。分析句子可知，compare为非谓语动词作状语，compare与主语a preference之间是动宾关系，用过去分词短语作状语。故填compared。
45．考查副词。句意：研究人员得出结论，与偏爱小麦相比，偏爱大米，或者从小麦换成大米，可能会降低总体脂肪积累的风险，尤其是对体重正常的人来说。此处要用副词形式especially修饰作状语，强调空格后的内容。故填especially。
46．Dear George,
How are you going? I’m writing to express my gratitude for your hospitality in Australia.
I have a suggestion inspired by your interest in China. Why not visit Guangzhou? This vibrant city offers iconic attractions such as the Pearl River, Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, and Guangzhou Tower. Immerse yourself in Cantonese cuisine, and you will feel a true delight for food enthusiasts.
I’m excited to hear your thoughts and hope to welcome you to Guangzhou soon for an unforgettable experience. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你在澳大利亚旅游的时候发现George对中国特别感兴趣，希望能到中国旅行。请邀请他到广州游览。内容包括：1.感谢他的款待；2.介绍广州标志性风物；3.期盼回复。
【详解】1.词汇积累
感激：gratitude→appreciation
提供：offer→provide
沉浸于：immerse oneself in→soak oneself in
难忘的：unforgettable→indelible
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This vibrant city offers iconic attractions such as the Pearl River, Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, and Guangzhou Tower.
拓展句：This vibrant city offers iconic attractions which include the Pearl River, Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, and Guangzhou Tower.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Immerse yourself in Cantonese cuisine, and you will feel a true delight for food enthusiasts.（运用了“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型）
【高分句型2】I’m excited to hear your thoughts and hope to welcome you to Guangzhou soon for an unforgettable experience.（运用了不定式作状语和宾语）
47．
I was certain they would fail to keep this contract. However, things didn’t go on as I expected. The kids in my class behaved as if they had changed. As the weeks progressed, each morning the kids practised singing, worked on reading music, learned musical terms, practiced rhythm and marked changes, prepared concert music, and went over and over the three contest numbers.
When the day finally arrived, the kids felt ready to win the contest. As my choir went on the stage, I mouthed, “Smile!” They looked confident. I took a deep breath, and we began. They performed masterfully. Two very long hours later the results were posted. I stood frozen, staring at the list in disbelief: a First Place award with the highest marks of all. All around kids were screaming and embracing. Warm tears wet my cheeks. I was surrounded by kids who had a dream-kids who refused to give up—kids who taught me to never doubt the possibility of success for any student or any class ever again.
【导语】本文以故事发展为线索。讲述了作者的唱诗班因为教育政策改变，导致唱诗班的优秀学生变少，剩余一些音乐资质不好的学生，但学生们对待音乐的热情高涨，强烈要求参加比赛，虽然我勉强答应，但担心比赛结果会打击孩子们的自尊心，然而孩子们并没有就此放弃，于是我决心与他们一起迎接挑战，经过不懈的努力，最终取得第一名的成绩。
【详解】1. 段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“我确信他们不会遵守这个约定。”可知，第以段可描写作者吃惊地看到孩子们努力练习的过程。
②由第二段句首内容“当这一天终于到来的时候，孩子们觉得自己已经准备好赢得比赛了。”可知，第二段描述孩子们带着作者的鼓励信心满满地的参加比赛，并取得了令人难以置信的第一名。孩子们永不放弃的精神使我明白了，永远不要怀疑任何学生或班级取得成功的可能性。
2.续写线索：努力练习——参加比赛——取得第一名——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类:
继续：go on/carry on/contunue
练习：practise/exercise/train
致力于：work on/commint oneself to/devote oneself to
情绪类:
自信：confident/optimistic/positive
②吃惊: frozen/astonished/surprised
【点睛】【高分句型1】As the weeks progressed, each morning the kids practised singing, worked on reading music, learned musical terms, practiced rhythm and marked changes, prepared concert music, and went over and over the three contest numbers.（运用了as引导时间状语从句，并列谓语）
【高分句型2】I was surrounded by kids who had a dream-kids who refused to give up—kids who taught me to never doubt the possibility of success for any student or any class ever again.（运用了三个who引导的定语从句）
广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末统考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
RINSE AND REPEAT
The water used by your household can then do double duty on a lawn or garden. Welcome to grey water recycling.
Water’s not black and white: There’s a grey zone. What goes down the drain after showers, toothbrushing, or laundry is called grey water (in contrast to black water which goes down the toilet). You wouldn’t drink it, but your plants can.
California-based Greywater Action runs workshops on reusing rainwater and drain water. Not all locations allow it, but in those that do, it’s relatively simple to set up. Here are some basics.
The easy solution
Projects that reuse grey water range from the professional to the DIY: a laundry-to-landscape system that can be made over a weekend with a few hundred dollars in parts. Install a diverter valve (分流阀) on the pipe of your washing machine. After a cycle, guide used water out through a PVC pipe to plantings.
Storage and use
Use a grey water project to rethink your landscape, suggests Greywater Action co-founder Laura Allen. Start with reducing typically thirsty lawns and then add climate-appropriate trees, bushes, and ground cover. Besides, grey water smells if it’s not used right now. Allen also advises flushing (冲洗) storage tanks daily.
Work the laws
If your city or state regulations ban the use of grey water, ask to have them reviewed. Diverting grey water can help conventional wastewater treatment systems last longer and reduce peak flow into channels. Also, it isn’t “grey” until it goes down a drain. So catch water that falls as the shower warms in a five-gallon container, then use it in your toilet tank or garden.
1．What does the text focus on?
A．Why grey water smells. B．Why grey water exists.
C．How grey water can be reused. D．How grey water can be reduced.
2．What can we know about grey water in the text?
A．Water flushed by the toilet is grey water.
B．The facilities must be installed by professionals.
C．Grey water should be used immediately to prevent smells.
D．The storage tanks have to be carefully washed once a week.
3．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A magazine. B．An advertisement. C．A research paper. D．A biology textbook.
On July 2, 1937, Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan left Lae, New Guinea for Howland Island in the Pacific. This was without a doubt the longest and most dangerous part of their trip around the world. Earhart had trouble shortly after takeoff. The weather was stormy, so she had to fly at approximately 3,000 meters. Going this high the plane used up gas quickly.
After about 20 hours, Earhart and Noonan approached Howland Island. The island was only about a hundred kilometers away at this point, but the bright sun was shining in their faces, so they couldn’t see it. Near Howland, a ship—the Itasca—was waiting. Earhart contacted the ship: “Gas is low,” she said. The Itasca tried to maintain contact with her, but it got no response. Finally, the Itasca called for help. People searched for Earhart and Noonan for days. Despite great efforts, they found nothing.
What happened to Amelia Earhart? No one knows for sure. During the flight, she likely headed in the wrong direction because the sun was bright and it was hard to see. Perhaps she and Noonan got lost somewhere over the Pacific. Soon after, her plane ran out of gas, and she crashed into the sea. Another idea is that Earhart might have landed on a nearby, uninhabited island called Nikumaroro, where she later died. Researchers recently brought bone-sniffing dogs to the island, though, and no human bones were found. A more extreme theory is that Earhart flew the plane to Marshall Island and later secretly returned to the United States under a new name.
The first theory seems most likely. However, none of these ideas has been proven. Today, people are still investigating Earhart’s and Noonan’s disappearance. Whatever happened, Earhart probably died as she wished, “When I go,” she once said, “I’d like best to go in my plane.”
4．Why was the flight to Howland Island so difficult to Earhart and Noonan?
A．The trip was most dangerous in the world.
B．The flight contained a height of 3,000 meters.
C．Earhart and Noonan were inexperienced pilots.
D．Howland Island was far away from New Guinea.
5．What happened shortly after Earhart and Noonan took off from New Guinea?
A．They were forced to fly higher because of a storm.
B．The sun was too bright to see so Earhart lost direction.
C．The Itasca got no response from them and lost their contact.
D．Their plane soon ran out of gasoline so it crashed into the sea.
6．How is Paragraph 3 developed?
A．By giving examples. B．By listing assumptions.
C．By making contrast. D．By providing cause and effect.
7．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A failed trip to explore Howland Island.
B．A mysterious disappearance of two pilots.
C．A difficult investigation of a missing plane.
D．Two women heroic pilots and their last flight.
Seafood that never sees the sea
Although 80% of the world’s seafood comes from marine harvests, there is a major shift underway toward aquaculture (水产业) now. Nearly 40% of salmon marketed today is raised in fish farms, compared with 6% a decade ago. Almost 35% of all oysters are produced in farm environments, along with 65% of freshwater fish. “The fact that world seafood supplies continue to increase at all is due almost entirely to the phenomenal growth in aquaculture,” says Anne Platt McGinn, a research associate at the Worldwatch Institute.
Biotechnology is contributing to high-yield aquaculture through transgenics—the transfer of genes from one species to another. Researchers introduce advantageous genetic features into fish, creating stronger stocks. For example, some species of fish have a protein that allows them to live in Arctic waters. By transplanting this “anti-freeze” gene into other species, researchers have created more fish that can survive in extremely cold water. Biotechnologists are attempting to improve a wide range of genetic features in fish used for aquaculture, developing fish that are larger and faster-growing, more efficient in changing feed into muscle, more tolerant of low oxygen levels in water, and better able to resist disease.
While aquaculture produces a reliable source of protein, there are a lot of environmental problems in the industry, claims McGinn. Perhaps the biggest concern is water pollution. Fish waste and uneaten food accumulate at farm sites and can float directly downstream into water supplies. McGinn charges that aquaculture also uses resources inefficiently. Fish farms need protein feed, and about 17% of ocean fish, an overharvested wild resource, becomes food for farm-raised fish. “An estimated five kilograms of oceanic fish reduced into fish meal are required to raise one kilogram of farmed ocean fish or shrimp, representing a large net protein loss,” says McGinn.
Fish farming does not have to be an inefficient or polluting industry. McGinn predicts that many consumers will choose sustainably produced fish in the future, just as they prefer dolphin-free tuna (金枪鱼) today.
8．What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A．Nearly 80% of the world’s seafood is sourced from marine harvests.
B．The aquaculture undergoes minor changes within the recent decade.
C．Most of the seafood people consume are supplied by fish farms today.
D．The increase in aquaculture brings about the rise of world seafood supplies.
9．How do biotechnologists promote the high production of seafood?
A．They create even larger and faster-growing fish.
B．They make use of the technology of transgenics.
C．They introduce a variety of genetic features in fish.
D．They transplant “anti-freeze” genes into other species.
10．What is one of the problems caused by present seafood industry?
A．It fails to provide a reliable source of protein.
B．It reduces the wild resource for farm-raised fish.
C．It leads to the over-consumption of oceanic fish.
D．It causes great water pollution downstream only.
11．What does McGinn mean by saying “just as they prefer dolphin-free tuna today”?
A．Aquaculture is a very serious polluting industry.
B．Fish farming can be improved to be eco-friendly.
C．Most consumers are against the present fish farming.
D．Dolphin-free tuna is consumers’ favourite fish meal.
If you think search engines powered by artificial intelligence provide you with useful-sounding answers, it is more likely that you are wrong, researchers have found. “In these current systems, accuracy is negatively related to perceived usefulness,” says Nelson at Stanford University. “The things that look better end up being worse.”
Microsoft is just one of many companies offering AI-powered search tools, which generate results in digestible paragraphs that cite other websites rather than simply returning a list of links. To investigate these tools, Nelson and his colleagues fed 1,450 popular searches into Bing Chat and other such tools, including NeevaAI and PerplexityAI. These questions included examples such as “What are the latest technological discoveries?” The team then asked people to rate whether the content used as citations (引文) in the results actually supported the statements made by the AIs.
According to this assessment, only 75% of citations supported the sentences they were attached to, and only 52% of statements were supported by citations at all. “That means the rest either have no citations, or they are just wrong.” says Nelson.
The researchers also asked people to rate fluency of response and how useful they seemed, and discovered a negative correspondence. For every 0.1 increase in fluency ratings, the precision decreased by 10.6%.
Aravind Srinlvas, a co-founder of PerplexityAI, says he welcomes the study. “The results are similar to the work the company has conducted, and improvements are possible. Never judge an upcoming technology by what it is today, but rather by the potential for what it can be in the future,” he says. But Nelson isn’t sure whether AI-powered search is the right approach. “I’m a little mixed on whether such search tools should be rolled into systems,” he says.
12．How did Nelson’s team examine the AI-powered search tools?
A．They interviewed different experts on this field.
B．They invited Bing Chat users to rate the content.
C．They compared the results of different companies.
D．They input commonly searched questions into the tools.
13．Why did Nelson’s team conduct the study on AI-powered engines?
A．To offer sources and citations. B．To demonstrate their potentials.
C．To highlight their positive aspects. D．To test their accuracy and fluency.
14．What is Aravind Srinlvas’s attitude towards the future of AI-powered engines?
A．Optimistic. B．Intolerant. C．Skeptical. D．Wait-and-see.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．AI Is Coming to Search Engines
B．How to Live with Artificial Intelligence
C．Can We Trust AI-Powered Search Engine
D．Microsoft Adopts AI-Powered Search Engine
二、七选五
Writing poetry can seem frightening if you do not feel you are naturally creative. But with the right inspiration and approach, you can also write a poem that you can be proud to share with others in class or with your friends.
◆ 16 You can start your poem by focusing on a particular subject or concept that you find fascinating. This can give your poem a clear goal or objective. For example, you may decide to write a poem around the theme of “love and friendship.”
◆Choose a poetic form. Get your creative juices flowing by picking a form for your poem. There are many different poetic forms that you can use, from free verse to sonnet. 17 Choose one and stick to that structure so your reader feels connected to your poem.
◆Use concrete imagery. Avoid abstract imagery and go for concrete descriptions in your poem. You should always try to describe something using the five senses: smell, taste, touch, sight, and sound. Using concrete imagery will immerse your reader in the world of your poem. 18
◆Include literary devices. Literary devices like metaphor and simile add variety and depth to your poetry. 19 Try to use some throughout your poem, varying them so you do not use only metaphors or only similes in your writing.
◆Read the poem out loud. Once you have completed a draft of the poem, you should read it aloud to yourself. 20 Pay attention to how each line of your poem flows into the next. Keep a pen close by so you can mark any lines or words that sound awkward.
A．Pick a specific theme or idea.
B．Notice how the words sound on the page.
C．You may go for some that you find easy to use.
D．And it will also make images come alive for them.
E．Using them can make your poem stand out to your readers.
F．Decide poems written in the same poetic form you are interested in.
G．You should also share your poem with other poets to get feedback from them.
三、完形填空
Andrew McLindon is a businessman and cyclist. About 15 years ago, he was 21 his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had 22 known the joy of biking because he suffered from hydrocephalus (脑积水), which often causes 23 disturbances.
When he got home, McLindon went online and found a three-wheel 24 with a seatbelt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers, having 25 and getting exercise. But there was more, as McLindon received feedback from his friend. “To see his son 26 other kids,” McLindon says. “I’ll never forget the smile on his face.”
That 27 launched the McLindon Family Foundation. 28 by donations, the group works with pediatric rehab (儿童康复中心) clinics to find children who can 29 owning an adaptive bike—and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. A bike may 30 a headrest, a sea t belt, braking mechanism in the back, and so on. The bikes are 31 —$3,000 to $4,000, and that’s already with the foundation’s big discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life 32 .
“We worked with a 14-year-old who has spina bifida (脊柱裂),” says McLindon. “She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she 33 for special-needs triathlons: swimming, cycling, and running. In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was a(n) 34 in me.’” So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies,” McLindon says. “ 35 getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.”
21．A．selling B．repairing C．riding D．advertising
22．A．already B．never C．seldom D．almost
23．A．balance B．memory C．sleep D．mood
24．A．car B．cart C．vehicle D．bike
25．A．words B．fun C．sport D．lessons
26．A．talk with B．test out C．call on D．interact with
27．A．sentence B．comment C．action D．smile
28．A．Funded B．Planned C．Held D．Organized
29．A．benefit from B．compete for C．recover from D．long for
30．A．connect B．include C．fit D．keep
31．A．comfortable B．reasonable C．expensive D．impressive
32．A．planner B．supporter C．changer D．carrier
33．A．applied B．trained C．tutored D．searched
34．A．athlete B．singer C．actor D．businessman
35．A．So B．Also C．Though D．But
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed grains worldwide, a study 36 (cover) more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has revealed that choosing rice as a staple food (主食) may result 37 a lower risk of obesity.
Researchers from Xi’an Jiaotong University collected data from participants, aged between 30s and 70s, 38 are residents of five northwestern provincial -level regions. The participants 39 (respond) to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity. 40 (make) a better analysis, the researchers divided the participants into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake, with similar 41 (frequent).
The results show that rice preference may be related to a lower risk of certain obesity types in 42 population of Northwest China. When wheat lovers changed their staple food to r ice five times per week, 43 showed a 36.5 percent lower risk of normal-weight obesity in men and a 20.5 percent lower risk of normal-weight central obesity in women.
The researchers concluded that 44 (compare) with a preference for wheat, a preference for rice, or changing from wheat to rice, could be associated with lower risks of overall fat accumulation, 45 (especial) for individuals with normal weight.
五、邀请信
46．假定你是李华，你在澳大利亚旅游的时候发现George对中国特别感兴趣，并希望能到中国旅行。请你邀请他到广州游览。内容包括：
1.感谢他的款待；
2.介绍广州标志性风物；
3.期盼回复。
参考词汇：标志性风物 iconic attraction
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答；
Dear George,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“What will we be singing for contest this year?” a student from my high school choir asked eagerly.
I dreaded (害怕) this moment. “I was thinking,” I said, “maybe we’ll skip the contest and just work hard on the concerts this year.”
“NO!” the kids protested.
“We’ve got to go to contest!”
“In Class A．”
“It’s tradition!”
This was true. Medals lined the front wall of the music room from the past successes of large, talented classes. But a swing in educational policies, with an emphasis on academics, had reduced my choir to a me re thirty-two students. My section leaders had graduated or been forced to drop music classes, leaving me with young, inexperienced kids who couldn’t read music, couldn’t hold their parts, and could sing only a simple melody.
“Maybe we could enter Class B this year,” I suggested, knowing even that would be a near-impossible mission.
“No!” the kids screamed. “Class A!”
I shook my head, hoping their enthusiasm would die off in a couple of weeks.
Finally one morning I entered the classroom. “Look at the clock!” I demanded. “We’ve wasted two full minutes because some of you don’t have your music ready. If we are entering the contest in Class A…” The rest of my sentence was lost in screams of delight and applause.
“From now on,” I continued when the noise faded away, “you will find the day’s lesson plan on the board. Be in your seats with your music folders on the desk when the bell rings and sit at attention, ready for warm-ups the instant I’m ready to begin. When I’m working with one section, there will be no talking from the others. You will listen, and you will learn. You will work harder than you’ve ever worked in any class before. And if one of these rules is broken, we will not go to the contest. Does everyone agree to this?”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150词左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I was certain they would fail to keep this contract.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When the day finally arrived, the kids felt ready to win the contest.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．C 2．C 3．A
【导语】本文是应用文。主要介绍了灰水回收的概念和方法。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The water used by your household can then do double duty on a lawn or garden.Welcome to grey water recycling. (你家里用的水可以在草坪或花园上起到双重作用。欢迎来到灰水回收。)”可知，文章的重点是如何再利用灰水。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Storage and use部分的“Besides, grey water smells if it’s not used right now. (此外，如果现在不用灰水，它会有气味。)”可知，灰水应立即使用以防止异味。故选C。
3．推理判断题。阅读全文以及根据第一段“The water used by your household can then do double duty on a lawn or garden.Welcome to grey water recycling. (你家里用的水可以在草坪或花园上起到双重作用。欢迎来到灰水回收。)可知本文主要介绍了灰水回收的概念和方法。因此推断会出现在杂志上。故选A。
4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了阿梅利亚埃尔哈特和弗雷德努南在环球飞行中，从新几内亚的莱城出发前往夏威夷霍兰岛并在途中消失的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“On July 2, 1937, Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan left Lae, New Guinea for Howland Island in the Pacific. This was without a doubt the longest and most dangerous part of their trip around the world. (1937年7月2日，阿米莉亚埃尔哈特和弗雷德努南离开新几内亚的莱城，前往太平洋上的豪兰岛。毫无疑问，这是他们环球旅行中最漫长也是最危险的一段。)”可知，对埃尔哈特和努南来说，飞往豪兰岛是如此困难，是因为豪兰岛离新几内亚很远，这是他们环球旅行中最长也是最危险的一段。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The weather was stormy, so she had to fly at approximately 3, 000 meters. Going this high the plane used up gas quickly. (暴风雨天气，所以她必须在大约3000米的高度飞行。飞这么高，飞机很快就没油了。)”可知，埃尔哈特和努南从新几内亚起飞后不久，由于一场风暴，他们被迫飞得更高。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“What happened to Amelia Earhart? No one knows for sure. During the flight, she likely headed in the wrong direction because the sun was bright and it was hard to see. Perhaps she and Noonan got lost somewhere over the Pacific. (阿米莉亚埃尔哈特怎么了？没有人确切知道。在飞行过程中，她可能走错了方向，因为太阳太亮了，很难看清楚。也许她和努南在太平洋的某个地方迷路了)推知，第3段列出了一些假设来讲述两位主人公的经历。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。基于第三段的分析，并根据文章最后一段“The first theory seems most likely. However, none of these ideas has been proven. Today, people are still investigating Earhart’s and Noonan’s disappearance. Whatever happened, Earhart probably died as she wished, “When I go,” she once said, “I’d like best to go in my plane.” (第一种理论似乎最有可能。然而，这些想法都没有被证实。今天，人们仍然在调查埃尔哈特和努南的失踪。不管发生了什么，埃尔哈特可能会如她所愿地死去，“当我离开的时候，”她曾经说过，“我最想坐我的飞机离开。”)以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了两名飞行员神秘失踪的故事。故选B。
8．D 9．B 10．C 11．B
【导语】本文是说明文。这篇短文主要讲述了海洋养殖业的发展和影响。海洋捕捞正发生一场重大转变，向水产养殖业转变。生物技术通过转基因技术为高产水产养殖做出了贡献。虽然水产养殖业提供了可靠的蛋白质来源，但是环境问题也很多。但是养鱼业也可以成为生态友好型产业。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段的“‘The fact that world seafood supplies continue to increase at all is due almost entirely to the phenomenal growth in aquaculture,’ says Anne Platt McGinn，a research associate at the Worldwatch Institute. (世界观察研究所的研究助理Anne Platt McGinn说；“世界海产品供应持续增加的事实几乎完全是由于水产养殖的显著增长。”) ”可推断出，水产养殖的增加带来了世界海产品供应的增加。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Biotechnology is contributing to high-yield aquaculture through transgenics—the transfer of genes from one species to another. (生物技术通过转基因——将基因从一个物种转移到另一个物种——促进了高产水产养殖。)”可知，生物技术专家利用转基因技术来促进海产品的高产。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Fish farms need protein feed, and about 17% of ocean fish, an overharvested wild resource, becomes food for farm-raised fish. (养鱼场需要蛋白质饲料，而大约17%的海洋鱼类(一种过度捕捞的野生资源)成为了养殖鱼类的食物。)”可知，目前海产品产业造成的问题之一是它导致了对海洋鱼类的过度消费。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fish farming does not have to be an inefficient or polluting industry. McGinn predicts that many consumers will choose sustainably produced fish in the future，just as they prefer dolphin-free tuna(金枪鱼)today (养鱼业不一定是一个效率低下或污染严重的行业。McGinn预测，未来许多消费者将选择可持续生产的鱼类，就像他们今天更喜欢对海豚友好的金枪鱼一样。)可知，McGinn认为养鱼业不一定是一个效率低下或污染严重的行业，并用消费者更喜欢吃对海豚友好的金枪鱼举例，因此推断“just as they prefer dolphin-free tuna today.”意思是说，养鱼也可以改进为生态友好型产业。故选B。
12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍人工智能提供的答案可能是错的，研究人员对此做了一些分析调查进行验证。斯坦福大学的研究人员对于人工智能驱动的搜索是否是正确的方法表示疑虑。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“To investigate these tools, Nelson and his colleagues fed 1, 450 popular searches into Bing Chat and other such tools, including NeevaAl and PerplexityAl. (为了调查这些工具，Nelson和他的同事们在Bing Chat和其他类似的工具中输入了1450个流行搜索，包括NeevaAI和PerplexityAl。)可知，Nelson的团队是通过比较了不同公司的结果检查人工智能搜索工具的。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Aravind Srinlvas, a co-founder of PerplexityAl, says he welcomes the study. ‘The results are similar to the work the company has conducted, and improvements are possible. Never judge an upcoming technology by what it is today, but rather by the potential for what it can be in the future, ’ he says. (PerplexityAl的联合创始人Aravind Srinlvas表示，他欢迎这项研究。“结果与该公司所做的工作相似，并且有可能改进。永远不要根据一项即将到来的技术的现状来判断它，而要根据它未来的潜力来判断。”) ”可知，Nelson的团队要对人工智能引擎进行研究是为了展示它们的潜力。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Aravind Srinlvas, a co-founder of PerplexityAl, says he welcomes the study. ‘The results are similar to the work the company has conducted, and improvements are possible. Never judge an upcoming technology by what it is today, but rather by the potential for what it can be in the future, ’ he says. (PerplexityAl的联合创始人Aravind Srinlvas表示，他欢迎这项研究。“结果与该公司所做的工作相似，并且有可能改进。永远不要根据一项即将到来的技术的现状来判断它，而要根据它未来的潜力来判断。”)”可知，Aravind Srinlvas认为AI引擎的未来可以改进，要根据它未来的潜力判断它，因此推断他对于它们的潜力持积极的态度。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段“If you think search engines powered by artificial intelligence provide you with useful-sounding answers, it is more likely that you are wrong, researchers have found. “In these current systems, accuracy is negatively related to perceived usefulness,” says Nelson at Stanford University. “The things that look better end up being worse.”(研究人员发现，如果你认为由人工智能驱动的搜索引擎能为你提供听起来有用的答案，那么你很可能错了。斯坦福大学的尼尔森说：“在目前的系统中，准确性与感知有用性呈负相关。看起来更好的事情最终会变得更糟。”) ”可知文章介绍人工智能提供的答案可能是错的，研究人员对此做了一些分析调查进行验证。研究人员在做了一些调查研究后发现，只有75%的引用支持与其相关的句子，而只有52%的陈述句被引用支持。此外，研究人员还发现，回答的流畅程度与其准确性呈负相关。因此推断C项“我们能信任人工智能搜索引擎吗? ”为最佳标题。故选C。
16．A 17．C 18．D 19．E 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了写诗的几点方法。
16．分析文章可知，空处为段落小标题。根据下文“You can start your poem by focusing on a particular subject or concept that you find fascinating. This can give your poem a clear goal or objective.(你可以以一个你觉得很吸引人的主题或想法开始你的诗歌。这可以给你的诗一个明确的目标)”可知，本段主要讲述给诗歌确定主题，这样可以给诗歌一个目标，后文“For example, you may decide to write a poem around the theme of “love and friendship.”(例如，你可以决定写一首以“爱和友谊”为主题的诗)”也表明给诗歌选定主题是为了明确目标。故A选项“选择一个特定的主题或想法。”为最佳主题，故选A。
17．根据后文“Choose one poetic form and stick to that structure so your reader feels connected to your poem.(选择一种诗的形式，并坚持这种结构，这样你的读者就会和你的诗产生共鸣。)”可知，本句是在对诗歌形式的选择进行建议，C选项“You may go for a poetic form that you find easy to use.( 你可能会选择一些你觉得容易使用的。)”是对诗歌形式的选择所做的一个建议，其中“some”对应后文中“one poetic form”，符合语境，故选C。
18．根据前文“You should always try to describe something using the five senses: smell, taste, touch, sight, and sound. Using concrete imagery will immerse your reader in the world of your poem.(你应该总是试着用五种感官来描述事物：嗅觉、味觉、触觉、视觉和听觉。使用具体的意象将使你的读者沉浸在你的诗的世界里)”可知，本段的主旨是诗歌的描述要具体，这样会吸引读者沉浸在你的诗歌的世界里，D选项“它将也使形变得生动”承接上文，进一步说明具体描述的益处，also是表示递进是关键词。故选D。
19．根据上文“◆ Include literary devices. Literary devices like metaphor and simile add variety and depth to your poetry.(◆使用文学技巧。像隐喻和明喻这样的文学手法为你的诗歌增添了多样性和深度)”可知，本句承接上文说明文学技巧的作用，E选项中them对应上文literary devices。故E选项“使用它们可以让你的诗在读者中脱颖而出”符合语境，故选E。
20．根据后文“Pay attention to how each line of your poem flows into the next. Keep a pen close by so you can mark any lines or words that sound awkward or jumbled.(注意你的每一行诗是如何衔接到下一行的。在手边放一支笔，这样你就可以标记任何听起来别扭或混乱的一行或单词)”可知，后文提到标记听起来别扭的地方或混乱的一行或单词，即注意单词的发音，B选项中sound对应后文中sound。故B选项“注意单词在页面上的发音”符合语境，故选B。
21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．A 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Andrew McLindon通过一次帮助患有脑积水的男孩找到一辆带安全带的三轮自行车的经历中，成立了基金会，致力于帮助制作适应性自行车，以满足孩子的特殊需求。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约15年前，他在德克萨斯州奥斯汀骑自行车时，想起了一位朋友12岁的儿子。A. selling卖出；B. repairing修理；C. riding骑车；D. advertising打广告。根据后文“his bike”表示“骑自行车”应用动词ride。故选C。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩从来没有体验过骑自行车的乐趣，因为他患有脑积水，这种疾病经常导致平衡障碍。A. already已经；B. never从未；C. seldom几乎不；D. almost差不多。后文提到因为他患有脑积水，这种疾病经常导致平衡障碍，所以这个男孩从来没有体验过骑自行车的乐趣，故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩从来没有体验过骑自行车的乐趣，因为他患有脑积水，这种疾病经常导致平衡障碍。A. balance平衡；B. memory记忆；C. sleep睡眠；D. mood情绪。根据后文“perfect for a child with balance issues.”可知，这种疾病会影响平衡，故选A。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，麦克林登在网上找到了一辆带安全带的三轮自行车，非常适合有平衡问题的孩子。A. car汽车；B. cart购物车；C. vehicle交通工具；D. bike自行车。根据后文“the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers”可知，麦克林登在网上找到了一辆带安全带的三轮自行车，故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，这个男孩就和他的同龄人一起在街上骑车，玩得开心，锻炼身体。A. words单词；B. fun乐趣；C. sport运动；D. lessons课程。根据上文“the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers, having”指男孩和同龄人玩得开心，应用have fun。故选B。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“看到他的儿子与其他孩子互动，”麦克林登说。“我永远不会忘记他脸上的笑容。”A. talk with谈话；B. test out测验；C. call on拜访；D. interact with互动。呼应上文“the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers”男孩和同龄人骑车说明在互动。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个微笑创立了麦克林登家庭基金会。A. sentence句子；B. comment评论；C. action行动；D. smile微笑。呼应上文“I’ll never forget the smile on his face.”指孩子脸上的笑容让他创立了麦克林登家庭基金会。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在捐款的资助下，该组织与儿童康复诊所合作，寻找可以从拥有适应性自行车中受益的孩子，并帮助制作每辆自行车，以满足孩子的特殊需求。A. Funded提供资金；B. Planned计划；C. Held持有；D. Organized组织。根据后文“by donations”指该组织得到了捐款的资助，故选A。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在捐款的资助下，该组织与儿童康复诊所合作，寻找可以从拥有适应性自行车中受益的孩子，并帮助制作每辆自行车，以满足孩子的特殊需求。A. benefit from受益于；B. compete for竞争；C. recover from恢复；D. long for渴望。根据后文“help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child”可知，该组织帮助制作每辆自行车，以满足孩子的特殊需求，所以寻找的是可以从拥有适应性自行车中受益的孩子，故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自行车可能包括头枕、安全带、后面的制动装置等。A. connect连接；B. include包括；C. fit适合；D. keep保持。后文“a headrest, a sea t belt, braking mechanism in the back”是在列举自行车所包含的物品。故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些自行车很贵——3000到4000美元，这已经是基金会的大折扣了。A. comfortable舒服的；B. reasonable合理的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据后文“$3,000 to $4,000”可知，自行车价格高，很昂贵。故选C。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于那些有幸得到一个的孩子来说，它们改变了他们的生活。A. planner计划者；B. supporter支持者；C. changer改变者；D. carrier搬运人。结合后文一个孩子因为自行车成为了运动员，可知自行车改变了他们的生活。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她有了自行车后不久，她开始为特殊需要的三项全能运动进行训练：游泳、骑自行车和跑步。A. applied应用；B. trained训练；C. tutored指导；D. searched搜索。根据后文“for special-needs triathlons: swimming, cycling, and running”指为特殊需要的三项全能运动进行训练：游泳、骑自行车和跑步。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次杂志采访中，她说：“我一直都知道我是一名运动员。”A. athlete运动员；B. singer歌手；C. actor演员；D. businessman商人。上文提到为特殊需要的三项全能运动进行训练：游泳、骑自行车和跑步，这些是运动项目，所以是运动员。故选A。
35．考查连词词义辨析。句意：“但让这些孩子拥有自行车是我做的最重要的事情。”A. So所以；B. Also此外；C. Though虽然；D. But但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故用but。故选D。
36．covering 37．in 38．who 39．responded 40．To make 41．frequency 42．the 43．they 44．compared 45．especially
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。大米和小麦是世界上最常被人们食用的两种谷物。一项覆盖中国西北10余万人的研究显示，以大米为主食可能会降低肥胖风险。
36．考查现在分词。句意：虽然大米和小麦是世界上最常食用的两种谷物，但一项覆盖中国西北地区10万多人的研究显示，选择大米作为主食可能会降低肥胖的风险。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是has revealed，cover为非谓语动词，study与cover之间是主谓关系，用现在分词短语作后置定语。故填covering。
37．考查介词。句意：虽然大米和小麦是世界上最常食用的两种谷物，但一项覆盖中国西北地区10万多人的研究显示，选择大米作为主食可能会降低肥胖的风险。result in“导致”是动词短语，符合句意。故填in。
38．考查定语从句。句意：西安交通大学的研究人员收集了参与者的数据，他们年龄在30岁到70岁之间，是西北五个省级地区的居民。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词participants在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
39．考查动词时态。句意：参与者通过面对面的访谈回答问卷，提供有关他们的病史和生活方式的信息，如饮酒、吸烟和体育活动。根据前文中collected可知，讲述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时。 故填responded。
40．考查动词不定式。句意：为了进行更好的分析，研究人员根据参与者每周大米和小麦的摄入量将他们分为三组，频率相似。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，单词to在句首，首字母大写。故填To make。
41．考查不可数名词。句意：为了进行更好的分析，研究人员根据参与者每周大米和小麦的摄入量将他们分为三组，频率相似。介词with后接名词作宾语，frequency是不可数名词。故填frequency。
42．考查定冠词。句意：研究结果表明，西北地区人群对大米的偏好可能与某些肥胖类型的风险较低有关。名词population后接介词短语of Northwest China作后置定语，加the表示特指。故填the。
43．考查代词。句意：当爱吃小麦的人每周五次把主食换成大米时，他们发现男性患正常体重肥胖的风险降低了36.5%，女性患正常体重中心型肥胖的风险降低了20.5%。根据句意可知，此处用they指代前文中的wheat lovers。故填they。
44．考查过去分词。句意：研究人员得出结论，与偏爱小麦相比，偏爱大米，或者从小麦换成大米，可能会降低总体脂肪积累的风险，尤其是对体重正常的人来说。分析句子可知，compare为非谓语动词作状语，compare与主语a preference之间是动宾关系，用过去分词短语作状语。故填compared。
45．考查副词。句意：研究人员得出结论，与偏爱小麦相比，偏爱大米，或者从小麦换成大米，可能会降低总体脂肪积累的风险，尤其是对体重正常的人来说。此处要用副词形式especially修饰作状语，强调空格后的内容。故填especially。
46．Dear George,
How are you going? I’m writing to express my gratitude for your hospitality in Australia.
I have a suggestion inspired by your interest in China. Why not visit Guangzhou? This vibrant city offers iconic attractions such as the Pearl River, Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, and Guangzhou Tower. Immerse yourself in Cantonese cuisine, and you will feel a true delight for food enthusiasts.
I’m excited to hear your thoughts and hope to welcome you to Guangzhou soon for an unforgettable experience. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你在澳大利亚旅游的时候发现George对中国特别感兴趣，希望能到中国旅行。请邀请他到广州游览。内容包括：1.感谢他的款待；2.介绍广州标志性风物；3.期盼回复。
【详解】1.词汇积累
感激：gratitude→appreciation
提供：offer→provide
沉浸于：immerse oneself in→soak oneself in
难忘的：unforgettable→indelible
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This vibrant city offers iconic attractions such as the Pearl River, Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, and Guangzhou Tower.
拓展句：This vibrant city offers iconic attractions which include the Pearl River, Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, and Guangzhou Tower.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Immerse yourself in Cantonese cuisine, and you will feel a true delight for food enthusiasts.（运用了“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型）
【高分句型2】I’m excited to hear your thoughts and hope to welcome you to Guangzhou soon for an unforgettable experience.（运用了不定式作状语和宾语）
47．
I was certain they would fail to keep this contract. However, things didn’t go on as I expected. The kids in my class behaved as if they had changed. As the weeks progressed, each morning the kids practised singing, worked on reading music, learned musical terms, practiced rhythm and marked changes, prepared concert music, and went over and over the three contest numbers.
When the day finally arrived, the kids felt ready to win the contest. As my choir went on the stage, I mouthed, “Smile!” They looked confident. I took a deep breath, and we began. They performed masterfully. Two very long hours later the results were posted. I stood frozen, staring at the list in disbelief: a First Place award with the highest marks of all. All around kids were screaming and embracing. Warm tears wet my cheeks. I was surrounded by kids who had a dream-kids who refused to give up—kids who taught me to never doubt the possibility of success for any student or any class ever again.
【导语】本文以故事发展为线索。讲述了作者的唱诗班因为教育政策改变，导致唱诗班的优秀学生变少，剩余一些音乐资质不好的学生，但学生们对待音乐的热情高涨，强烈要求参加比赛，虽然我勉强答应，但担心比赛结果会打击孩子们的自尊心，然而孩子们并没有就此放弃，于是我决心与他们一起迎接挑战，经过不懈的努力，最终取得第一名的成绩。
【详解】1. 段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“我确信他们不会遵守这个约定。”可知，第以段可描写作者吃惊地看到孩子们努力练习的过程。
②由第二段句首内容“当这一天终于到来的时候，孩子们觉得自己已经准备好赢得比赛了。”可知，第二段描述孩子们带着作者的鼓励信心满满地的参加比赛，并取得了令人难以置信的第一名。孩子们永不放弃的精神使我明白了，永远不要怀疑任何学生或班级取得成功的可能性。
2.续写线索：努力练习——参加比赛——取得第一名——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类:
继续：go on/carry on/contunue
练习：practise/exercise/train
致力于：work on/commint oneself to/devote oneself to
情绪类:
自信：confident/optimistic/positive
②吃惊: frozen/astonished/surprised
【点睛】【高分句型1】As the weeks progressed, each morning the kids practised singing, worked on reading music, learned musical terms, practiced rhythm and marked changes, prepared concert music, and went over and over the three contest numbers.（运用了as引导时间状语从句，并列谓语）
【高分句型2】I was surrounded by kids who had a dream-kids who refused to give up—kids who taught me to never doubt the possibility of success for any student or any class ever again.（运用了三个who引导的定语从句）
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