适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习Unit1NatureintheBalance牛津译林版必修第三册

这是一份适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习Unit1NatureintheBalance牛津译林版必修第三册，共6页。

必修第三册　Unit1
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2022安徽合肥二模)
City parks have long been a place for urban residents to get a small amount of green.As cities increasingly feel the impacts of rising seas and temperatures,people are rethinking the roles of urban parks.
All of the dark-gray asphalt (沥青) in cities collect heat.Dallas is one of the country’s fastest-warming cities thanks in part to its extensive impervious (不透水的) surfaces,but with a new $312 million bond package,the city is hoping to change that.Using satellite data,the city is able to see what neighborhoods most need—the cooling effect of green spaces.
Cities are increasingly flooding and city planners think parks can help with this issue too.A report published in February by The Nature Conservancy looked at the best ways to deal with flooding in Houston,a city with many neighborhoods built on floodplains and regularly flooded by rising waters.Offering affected homeowners buyouts and transforming homes into green spaces would save more money than installing infrastructure (基础设施) like pipes,they found.
Brendan Shane,a climate program director,says parks can create opportunities for people to exercise and play,in addition to cooling neighborhoods and absorbing floodwater.“The stronger the bonds are from neighbor to neighbor,the better they are able to react to a shock,” he says.
“Not a single solution by itself will avoid the climate crisis.We see parks as an important part of it,but there isn’t a silver bullet,” says Diane Regas,CEO of The Trust for Public Land.“Parks are an example of what we in the environmental community need to do to reach solutions that address climate change and at the same time make people’s lives better.” 
1.What does the city Dallas want to deal with?
A.The lack of green spaces.
B.The way of collecting heat.
C.The effect of rising seas.
D.The bond between neighborhoods.
2.What can be inferred from the report by The Nature Conservancy?
A.Cities in the world are frequently flooded.
B.City parks may help prevent city flooding.
C.Cities needn’t invest much money in infrastructure.
D.City parks affect people’s choice of a neighborhood.
3.What does Brendan Shane say about parks?
A.They can enable people to get over a shock.
B.They can reduce air pollution effectively.
C.They can perform positive social functions.
D.They can help people to keep a cool head.
4.What does the underlined phrase “a sliver bullet” in paragraph 5 mean?
A.A fast and effective solution.
B.A successful example.
C.An immediate and clear cause.
D.An impractical method.
B
(2022山东济南学情检测)
When people hear “Artificial Intelligence (AI)”,many think of big data.The reason is that some of the most significant AI breakthroughs have relied on enormous data sets.But AI is not only about large data sets,and research in small data approaches in the past decade has grown extensively,with Transfer Learning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especially promising example,which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.
Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods.By the use of AI with fewer data,they can facilitate progress in areas where few or no data exist,such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely.More importantly,TL is of great help in terms of generalization.A challenge in the use of AI is that models need to generalize beyond their training data — that is,to give good “answers” to a more general set of “questions” than what they were specifically trained in.TL models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another,so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task,even if only limited data are available.
AI experts such as Andrew Ng have stated that the approach will be the next driver of getting machine learning success in industry.There are some early signs of successful adoption and it has been applied to cancer discovery and much more.
Despite the increase in research,TL has received relatively little visibility.While many machine learning experts and data scientists are familiar with it,techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. 
By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like TL and supporting their widespread use,we can help overcome some widespread misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and promote innovation in new directions.
5.What does the author think of TL?
A.It is a potential technique.
B.It is of help in large data sets.
C.It is an important AI breakthrough.
D.It is a reliable solution to multitasking.
6.In which aspect does TL show its advantages?
A.Acquiring knowledge.
B.Discovering questions.
C.Collecting training data.
D.Improving generalization.
7.What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.TL has little value.
B.TL is a heated topic.
C.TL draws public attention.
D.TL is not well recognized.
8.What’s the purpose of this text?
A.To clarify some misconceptions.
B.To introduce a small data approach.
C.To predict the promising future of AI.
D.To emphasize the significance of data.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2022广东深圳二模)
The school where Rachel teaches serves free meals to its students.Before her adoring students left for their new year vacation,they 　1　 her with lots of gifts.But one gift from a girl,in particular,　2　 her heart. 
This girl wanted to get Rachel something so 　3　,but had nothing to give.So rather than offer nothing,she 　4　 her free breakfast cereal(混合麦片) at school. 
She took the 　5　 to pick every dried grape,the favorite part of her breakfast,out of her cereal and 　6　 them as an unusual new year present for her teacher. 
Rachel posted the 　7　 story on Meta,hoping to help people gain some 　8　 for what they have in their lives—because even when this youngster had nothing to offer,she was still willing to 　9　 her favourite dried grapes.Inspired by the kind gesture,many people contacted the school headmaster to make 　10　.“It makes me so proud of my kids that they have touched your hearts along with mine,”Rachel said.“Your 　11　 in offering gifts to both the students and me and your donations to our school have not gone 　12　.We are all deeply moved.” 
“My wish for all of you is to remember this kind and simple 　13　 of love from one of my school babies and carry it with you and continue to 　14　 love and kindness to everyone you meet—not just during this 　15　 season.” 
1.A.helped B.showered
C.comforted D.supplied
2.A.melted B.cured
C.changed D.broke
3.A.hesitantly B.casually
C.badly D.hardly
4.A.opened up B.asked for
C.gave away D.put aside
5.A.courage B.chance
C.lesson D.time
6.A.unwrapped B.cooked
C.repackaged D.separated
7.A.nice B.funny
C.imaginary D.old
8.A.sympathy B.appreciation
C.confidence D.desire
9.A.enjoy B.sacrifice
C.collect D.keep
10.A.preparations B.appointments
C.donations D.requirements
11.A.curiosity B.trouble
C.experience D.generosity
12.A.unchecked B.unnoticed
C.unexpected D.uncovered
13.A.hope B.word
C.trick D.act
14.A.spread B.teach
C.explain D.declare
15.A.graduation B.autumn
C.holiday D.school



参考答案
必修第三册　Unit1
Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。随着城市的出现,人们正在重新思考城市公园的作用,让公园成为供人们锻炼和玩耍、为社区降温和吸收洪水的地方。
1.A　推理判断题。由第二段可知,达拉斯是美国变暖速度最快的城市之一,需要绿地来降温,可得出达拉斯市要应对缺乏绿地的问题。
2.B　推理判断题。由第三段可知,针对像休斯敦这样容易被洪水淹没的城市,应对洪水的最佳方法是建设更多的绿色空间,可得出城市公园可能有助于防止城市洪水。
3.C　细节理解题。由第四段中的“BrendanShane,aclimateprogramdirector,saysparkscancreateopportunitiesforpeopletoexerciseandplay,inadditiontocoolingneighborhoodsandabsorbingfloodwater.”可知,布伦丹·沙恩认为城市公园于人与社会都有好处,城市公园可以发挥积极的社会功能。
4.A　词义猜测题。由第五段内容可知,应对气候危机没有单一的解决方案,建设城市公园只是应对气候危机的一环,总之没有快速有效的解决方案,asliverbullet在此处意为“快速有效的解决方案(Afastandeffectivesolution)”。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迁移学习的功能、用途、发展现状和前景。
5.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“anespeciallypromisingexample,whichishelpfulinsettings”可以推断,作者认为TL是一项很有前景的技术,可以用于很多领域,故A项正确。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TLisofgreathelpintermsofgeneralization”和“theyarevery...thenewtask”可知,TL的优势之一是可以提升概括能力,故D项正确。
7.D　句意理解题。根据画线部分后一句中的“techniquessuchas...andbusinessleaders”可知,TL似乎并没有得到政策制定者和商业领袖的青睐。据此可以推断,画线部分的意思应该与D项“TL未得到足够的认可”最为接近。
8.B　主旨大意题。本文第一段引出话题“TL是一项很有发展前景的小数据技术”,第二段介绍了TL的优点,第三段引用专家AndrewNg的话证明TL很有用处,第四段讲述了TL的发展现状不甚理想,最后一段讲述了TL的发展潜力。综上可知,本文主要介绍了TL小数据处理技术,故B项正确。
Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。一个女孩送给Rachel一个很特殊的礼物,后来Rachel发布到网络社交媒体,许多人为之感动,大家纷纷为学校献出爱心,同时也把爱传递给身边的人的感人故事。
1.B　根据“onegiftfromagirl”可知,是学生给她送了很多礼物。shower大量地给。故选B项。
2.A　根据后文“buthadnothingtogive”可知,这位女孩的用心让Rachel感动了。故选A项。
3.C　这个女孩非常想给Rachel买点什么,但她没有什么可以给的。根据后文“but”可知,这个女孩非常想给Rachel买点什么。故选C项。
4.A　openup打开;askfor询问;giveaway赠送;putaside把……放到一边。根据后文“Shetook”可知,这个女孩先是打开包装盒,然后抽出里面的食品。故选A项。
5.D　她抽时间从麦片里选出早餐中最喜欢的每一颗葡萄干,重新包装,作为送给老师的不同寻常的新年礼物。根据本句动作描写,可知她应该是抽时间抽取里面的食物。故选D项。
6.C　根据前文“openedupherfreebreakfastcereal”可知,此处表达“重新包装”。故选C项。
7.A　Rachel在Meta上发布了这个美好的故事,希望帮助人们对他们生活中所拥有的东西获得一些感激——因为即使这个年轻人没有什么可以奉献的,她仍然愿意牺牲她最喜欢的葡萄干。根据前文大意,并结合后文“hopingtohelppeoplegainsome”可知,这是一个美好的故事。故选A项。
8.B　根据后文“becauseevenwhenthisyoungsterhadnothingtooffer,shewasstillwillingto”可知,从这个女孩的身上我们要感激现在所拥有的。故选B项。
9.B　根据前文提及女孩给老师她最喜欢的葡萄干可知,此处表达“牺牲”,更能凸显女孩的精神。故选B项。
10.C　根据后文“theyhavetouchedyourhearts”可知,他们因为感动而献爱心。故选C项。
11.D　根据后文“offeringgiftstoboththestudentsandme”可知,他们慷慨地捐赠。故选D项。
12.B　根据后文“Wearealldeeplymoved.”可知,我们没有忽视。故选B项。
13.D　我对你们所有人的期望是,记住我的一个学生所表达的这一善意和简单的爱,并随身携带,继续向你们遇到的每一个人传播爱和善意,而不仅仅是在这个节日期间。根据后文“oflove”可知,此处指“爱的行为”。故选D项。
14.A　根据前文“carryitwithyouandcontinueto”可知,此处表达“每一个人传播爱和善意”。故选A项。
15.C　根据第一段中“leftfortheirnewyearvacation”可知,此处指“假期”。