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2024届高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第二册UNIT1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS课时作业含答案
展开UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Ⅰ.完形填空
(海南省东方市琼西中学2022届高三上学期第一次测试)One man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her. He waited 1 for 15 minutes. Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more. After that he became 2 . When he saw a photograph booth(照相亭) nearby, he had 3 . He wore the most unhappy expression he could manage, which was not difficult in the situation. In a few moments, he was holding four small prints that shocked even him.
He wrote his wife’s name on the back of the photos and handed them to a 4 behind the desk in the booth. “ 5 you see a small, dark lady with brown eyes and an apologetic expression, obviously looking for someone, would you please give her this?” he said. He then 6 his office in Morrison Building, satisfied that if a picture is worth a thousand words, then the four photos must be a good 7 ! He sat down with a smile.
His wife 8 those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married…
How are you with patience? One person calls it “wait training”.It seems that there is always something we are 9 . We wait on traffic and we wait in lines. We wait to hear about a new job. We wait to complete school. We wait for someone to change his or her mind.
Patience is an important 10 of a happy and rewarding life. 11 some things are worth waiting for. 12 presents many opportunities for wait training.
We can hate waiting, 13 it or even get good at it! But one thing is 14 — we cannot avoid it. How is your 15 coming along?
1.A.proudly B.respectfully
C.patiently D.curiously
2.A.angry B.hungry
C.frightened D.thirsty
3.A.a question B.a reason
C.an opinion D.an idea
4.A.clerk B.secretary
C.passer-by D.friend
5.A.Since B.Before
C.As D. If
6.A.called up B.returned to
C.visited D.left
7.A.description B.preparation
C.excuse D.lecture
8.A.tore B.saved
C.developed D.destroyed
9.A.hoping for B.waiting for
C.preparing for D.fitting for
10.A.lesson B.experience
C.purpose D.quality
11.A.For example B.After all
C.Right now D.So far
12.A.Every age B.Every shop
C.Every day D.Every office
13.A. accept B.control
C.change D. improve
14.A.certain B.interesting
C.precious D.easy
15.A.photo taking B.job hunting
C.decision making D.wait training
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。一个男人在等待逛街的老婆时突然想出一个主意,拍摄了几张照片让服务员送给妻子。该故事阐明了耐心的重要性,指出耐心也需要不断地训练,因为幸福和有意义的生活离不开耐心。
1.C proudly骄傲地;respectfully尊敬地;patiently有耐心地;curiously好奇地。根据后面的“Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more.”可知,之前已经耐心地等待了15分钟。
2.A 根据前面的“Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more.”可知,因为等了很久,所以他很生气。
3.D 根据前面的“When he saw a photograph booth(照相亭) nearby”可知,看到照相亭时,他有了一个主意。
4.A 句意:他在照片的背面写上了妻子的名字,然后把照片交给了柜台后面的工作人员。根据后面的“behind the desk in the booth”可知,他把照片交给了柜台后的工作人员。
5.D 根据后面的“would you please give her this”可知,此处表示假设的情况,引导条件状语从句。
6.B 句意:然后他回到了他在莫里森大厦的办公室,心满意足地认为如果一张照片胜过千言万语,那么这四张照片一定是一篇很好的演讲!根据后面的“his office in Morrison Building”可知,他回到了在莫里森大厦的办公室。
7.D description描述;preparation准备;excuse借口,理由;lecture演讲。根据前面的“if a picture is worth a thousand words”可知,他认为如果一张照片胜过千言万语,那么这四张照片一定是一篇很好的演讲。
8.B tore撕碎;saved拯救,节省;developed发展;destroyed破坏。根据后面的“She carries them in her purse now”可知,他的妻子保存了那些照片。
9.B hoping for希望;waiting for等待;preparing for准备好;fitting for适合。根据下文“We wait on traffic and we wait in lines. We wait to hear about a new job. We wait to complete school. We wait for someone to change his or her mind.”可知,我们总有等待的东西。
10.D 根据后面的“of a happy and rewarding life”可知,耐心是拥有快乐且有意义的生活所具备的重要品质。
11.B 根据后面的“some things are worth waiting for”可知,毕竟有些事情值得等待。
12.C 根据上文“Patience is an important 10 of a happy and rewarding life.”可知,因为耐心是快乐且有意义的生活的重要品质,所以每天都有许多等待训练的机会。
13.A 根据后面的“even get good at it”可知,我们可以接受等待。
14.A 句意:但有一件事是肯定的——我们无法避免它。根据前面的“We wait on traffic and we wait in lines. We wait…We wait for someone to change his or her mind.”可知,我们无法避免等待这件事是确定的。
15.D photo taking拍照留念,合影;job hunting寻找工作,求职;decision making决策,做决定;wait training等待训练。根据上文“How are you with patience? One person calls it ‘wait training’.”可知,此处是信息词“wait training”的词汇复现。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2022·全国高考甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 1. (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2. lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3. (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.4. friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5. (protect).Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6. (meaning).The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years, Cao 7. (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 8. (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers 9. Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20, 10. (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。一名失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步40天从北京到达西安,完成“一带一路”徒步的首段旅程。
1.to journey 考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
2.who 考查定语从句。句意:在这1100公里的旅程中,这位在8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3.held 考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词decided,所以hold应用非谓语动词形式,hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语,表被动。故填held。
4.A 考查冠词。句意:他的一个朋友吴凡自愿在旅途中与他做伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空格处位于句首,首字母大写。故填A。
5.protection 考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,为不可数名词。故填protection。
6.meaningful 考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
7.has walked 考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,并且在2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语“in the last five years”可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
8.highest 考查形容词最高级。句意:同上题。根据空前的Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
9.from 考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。根据句意和“Xi’an to Kashgar”可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from。固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
10.planning 考查非谓语动词。句意:同上题。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词flew,所以应用非谓语动词形式,plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用动词的-ing形式,表主动。故填planning。
Ⅲ.写作
(一)应用文写作
(2023届辽宁省普通高中高三第二次模拟考试)假如你是李华,你的一个朋友经常感到疲惫,因此非常苦恼。请你给他一些建议,要多锻炼,提高身体素质。
内容包括:
1.锻炼的好处;
2.建议一种锻炼形式并说明理由;
3.祝愿健康。
注意:
1.词数80 左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【答案】
To be fit and healthy you need to be physically active. Regular physical activity can help protect you from disease.
Cycling is a healthy exercise that can be enjoyed by people of all age. It only takes two to four hours a week to achieve a general improvement to your health. It causes less strain and injuries than most other forms of exercise. Besides, cycling does not require high levels of physical skill. Once you learn, you don’t forget.
I sincerely hope you will be healthy and energetic with the help of physical exercise.
(二)读后续写
(山东省烟台市、德州市2022届高三下学期3月一模)When the last customer left the restaurant, it was already 10:30 p.m. Adam, an 18-year-old college student, dragged himself home. He had been working at this fastfood restaurant for over a month that summer vacation.
Entering his room, Adam found his younger brother Bill sitting on the edge of his bed with an uneasy expression on his face.
“Sorry, Adam. I…I did something wrong,” Bill sprang up and said nervously.
“What is it?”
“This afternoon I sneaked(溜) out for a ride on your motorcycle and accidentally hit our neighbour Osman Brook’s car. I was so scared and I…I hurried home in panic.”
“Is the car seriously damaged?”
“The left headlight got broken.”
“It’s truly your fault and it’s really dangerous to ride a motorcycle at your age. Besides, it’s illegal,” Adam raised his voice, obviously annoyed. Hearing this, Bill lowered his head and bit his lips hard.
“Anyway, it’s no use crying over spilt milk. I will deal with it tomorrow. Now you go to bed and have a good sleep.”
The next morning when Adam got up, Bill was still sleeping soundly. Adam was more determined about what he ought to do as an elder brother.
After breakfast, Adam took out all the money he had earned and went out of the house with it. In the yard he saw his motorcycle, on whose side the scratches(划痕) were clearly visible. Adam shook his head and sighed slightly. Then he squared his shoulders and quickened his pace to Osman’s house.
When he arrived, he was welcomed by Osman’s wife Mary, who told him that Osman had gone to the garage to have his car repaired.
“I have something important to tell him. Can I wait until he comes back?” Adam requested eagerly.
“Of course. He should be home soon,” Mary invited Adam in, served him a cup of coffee and began chatting with him.
After half an hour, the door opened and in came Osman. Having said hello to each other, Osman and Adam both sat down on the sofa.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Adam cleared his throat and began to speak.
Just then, there came a knock at the door.
【答案】
Adam cleared his throat and began to speak. “Mr. Brook, I’m here to make an apology. Yesterday afternoon my brother Bill damaged your car and ran away in panic. We are awfully sorry for that.” “Oh, I see. But it’s no big deal,” Osman smiled. Then Adam drew out some money from his pocket and said to Osman with sincerity, “This is all the money I have. I wonder if it can pay for your loss.” However, Osman insisted that it was only minor damage and declined to take it.
Just then, there came a knock at the door. Osman went to answer it, only to find Bill standing outside. “Morning, Mr. Brook. I…I’ve come to say sorry for…” Bill stammered. But Osman laughed and let him in. The two brothers were both surprised and glad to see each other. Osman gave them a thumbs-up and praised them happily, “Good boys, I truly appreciate your honesty. Just forget about my car.” Whatever the boys said, Osman wouldn’t take the money. Finally, he accepted their suggestion that they make it up to him by doing some work in his garden.
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