精品解析：广东省广州市2021-2022学年高三上学期10月阶段训练英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省广州市2021-2022学年高三上学期10月阶段训练英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了考生必须保证答题卡的整洁等内容，欢迎下载使用。

广州市2022届高三年级阶段训练
英语
本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上，并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。因笔试不考听力，试卷从第二部分开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Smokejumpers
Every year, wildfires destroy millions of hectares of forest. Homes are damaged, and thousands of people die. Smokejumpers are helping to stop this.
What is a smokejumper?
Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot, like the middle of a mountain forest. They race to put out fires as fast as they can.
What do smokejumpers do?
At a fire site smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from spreading. Using basic equipment such as shovels and axes, smokejumpers clear land of burnable material like plants and other dry material. They carry water with them too, but only a limited amount.
Who can be a smokejumper?
Although the majority of smokejumpers are men, more women are joining. Most important are your height and weight. Smokejumpers employed in the U.S., for example, must be 120 to 200 pounds (54 to 91 kilograms), so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds. Smokejumpers must also be capable of surviving in the wildness.
The work is dangerous, and the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smokejumping isn’t just an occupation. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 28-year-old smokejumper Bob Smith says, “This is the best job for tough guys.”
1. What is the first thing a smokejumper does after arriving at a fire site?
A. Clear the land. B. Study the area.
C. Look for water. D. Put out the fire.
2. If you want to be a smokejumper, you must be ______.
A. male B. within a certain weight range
C. able to fly a plane D. older than 28 years of age
3. From which website would you most probably find this text?
A. all-occupations.org B. what-is-on.com
C. extremesports.com D. adventuretours.org
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍的是空降森林消防员的工作内容和加入要求等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据What do smokejumpers do?部分的句子“At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire.(在火灾现场，消防员首先检查土地并决定如何灭火。)”可知，消防员到达火场后要做的第一件事是研究这个地区。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Who can be a smokejumper?部分的“Most important are your height and weight. Smokejumpers employed in the U.S., for example, must be 120 to 200 pounds (54 to 91 kilograms), so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds.(最重要的是你的身高和体重。例如，在美国雇佣的跳伞员必须达到120到200磅（54到91公斤），这样他们在着陆时才不会受伤，也不会被强风吹走。)”可知，空降森林消防员的体重要在一定的范围以内，不能太重也不能太轻。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是小标题“What is a smokejumper?(什么是空降森林消防员？)”，“What do smokejumpers do?(空降森林消防员是做什么的？)”和“Who can be a smokejumper?(谁能成为一名空降森林消防员？)”可知，本文主要介绍的是空降森林消防员的工作内容和加入要求等。所以这篇文章应该来自和工作、职业相关的网站。故选A。
B
Under the first full moon of the year, music lovers in Norway sit on seats made of ice and covered with animal skins. On a frozen stage, musicians in furry hats and coats play instruments carved from ice! This show is the Ice Music Festival, the only concert in the world of its kind. This cool idea began in 1999, when musician Terje Isungset played music inside a frozen waterfall. The amazing sounds that he heard led him to start using ice as a musical instrument. Isungset spent years experimenting with ice instruments. The more he learned, the more excited he became. After years of trial and error, he was ready to start the Ice Music Festival in 2016.
To prepare the frozen instruments, Isungset hunts for the best natural sources of ice. He tests each source of ice by cutting out a piece, tapping it with his finger, and listening to the sound it produces. Experience tells him whether the ice will make a good instrument. He prefers not to use human-made ice, because he believes frozen lake water sounds better. This may be supported by science. Scientists have noticed that natural ice has fewer bubbles (气泡), which could lead to a clearer sound.
Once the ice has been sourced, professional ice carvers use tools to create instruments. They carve everything from saxophones to xylophones. The carvers often change the look of the instruments, which helps them produce special, even unique, sounds. Each year, the goal of the festival is to challenge musicians to make creative music when playing these one-of-a-kind ice instruments.
Playing the frozen instruments is a challenge. Each performance surprises both the musicians and the audience. After the concert is over, Isungset jokes that the musicians will drink their instruments. Actually, they just leave their stage and instruments behind, giving it all back to nature.
4. What inspired Isungset’s interest in ice music?
A. Learning to play an ice instrument.
B. Attending the first Ice Music Festival.
C. Playing music in a frozen environment.
D. Experimenting with frozen instruments.
5. How does Isungset choose the best ice?
A. By testing the sound that it makes.
B. By referring to scientific explanations.
C. By comparing the sources of ice pieces.
D. By checking the number of bubbles it has.
6. What is the biggest challenge faced by ice music musicians?
A. Playing in such cold weather.
B. Getting rid of their instruments.
C. Selecting their instruments’ look.
D. Predicting their instruments’ sounds.
7. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To promote the talents of Terje Isungset.
B. To review a recently-held music festival.
C. To introduce a new and original type of music.
D. To encourage people to join in the Ice Music Festival.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了挪威冰上音乐节上演奏一种新颖原创的音乐类型——冰乐器。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一自然段“This cool idea began in 1999, when musician Terje Isungset played music inside a frozen waterfall. The amazing sounds that he heard led him to start using ice as a musical instrument. (这个很酷的想法始于1999年，当时音乐家泰耶•伊松塞特在一个冰冻的瀑布里演奏音乐。他听到的惊人的声音使他开始使用冰作为乐器)”可知，Isungset听到泰耶•伊松塞特在一个冰冻的瀑布里演奏音乐后大为惊奇，这激发了他对冰音乐的兴趣。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二自然段“He tests each source of ice by cutting out a piece, tapping it with his finger, and listening to the sound it produces. (他切下一块冰，用手指轻敲，然后听它发出的声音，以此测试每一种冰的来源)”可推知，Isungset是通过测试它发出的声音来选择最好的冰的。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The carvers often change the look of the instruments, which helps them produce special, even unique, sounds. Each year, the goal of the festival is to challenge musicians to make creative music when playing these one-of-a-kind ice instruments. (雕刻师经常改变乐器的外观，这有助于他们产生特殊甚至独特的声音。每年，音乐节的目标都是在演奏这些独一无二的冰乐器时，挑战音乐家们创作创造性的音乐)”可知，雕刻师经常改变乐器的外观，而音乐节的目标都是在演奏这些独一无二的冰乐器。由此推知，冰上音乐音乐家面临的最大挑战是选择他们乐器的外观。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。阅读全文，并根据第一段中“On a frozen stage, musicians in furry hats and coats play instruments carved from ice! (在一个冰冻的舞台上，戴着毛茸茸的帽子和外套的音乐家们演奏冰雕乐器！)”和第三段中“Once the ice has been sourced, professional ice carvers use tools to create instruments. (一旦冰块被找到，专业的冰雕师就会使用工具来制作乐器)”以及最后一段“Playing the frozen instruments is a challenge. (弹奏冰冻的乐器是一项挑战)”可推知，文章主要介绍一种新颖原创的音乐类型——冰乐器。故选C。
C
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By 2007, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170.
Gray wolves once roamed throughout the Yellowstone area. But they were gradually displaced by human development and hunted by farmers for killing livestock (牲畜). By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They moved farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there was less contact with humans.
The disappearance of the wolves had many consequences. Deer populations — a major food source for the wolf — grew rapidly without their usual enemy. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote (小野狼) populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone, hoping that they would be able to control the deer and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan, worrying that wolves would kill their livestock or pets. Other people feared that the wolves would not be well-protected in Yellowstone.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. They included many compromises to help people accept the wolves’ presence. For example, they promised to pay farmers for livestock killed by wolves.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolves in Yellowstone. Certain wolves wear special collars to help biologists gather information about how the wolves live, hunt, and reproduce. Each year the wolf population is counted.
Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Deer and coyote populations are down, while red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
8. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Why gray wolves became a danger to farmers.
B. What gray wolves preferred about living in Canada.
C. How gray wolves were forced out of their original homes.
D. When gray wolves were gradually reintroduced to Yellowstone.
9. How is Paragraph 3 developed?
A. By making comparisons.
B. By explaining cause and effect.
C. By listing events in time order.
D. By using statistics and examples.
10. Why did biologists suggest the reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone?
A. To reduce the park’s plant diversity.
B. To protect the wolves from dying out.
C. To control the local livestock problem.
D. To limit the deer and coyote populations.
11. Which statement best summarizes the writer’s viewpoint?
A. Wolves are an important part of American national parks.
B. Yellowstone’s wolf reintroduction program was a mistake.
C. The government should be responsible for reintroducing wolves.
D. Yellowstone’s wolf program has benefited the wolves and the park.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的项目，人类的因素曾经导致公园内灰狼逐渐消失，引发了严重的后果，一番衡量后政府决定重新引进灰狼，成功恢复了生态平衡。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Gray wolves once roamed throughout the Yellowstone area. But they were gradually displaced by human development and hunted by farmers for killing livestock (牲畜). By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They moved farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there was less contact with humans.（灰狼曾经在黄石地区游荡。但随着人类的发展，它们逐渐被取代，因为捕食牲畜被农民捕猎。到20世纪20年代，灰狼几乎从黄石地区消失了。他们向北迁移到加拿大的森林深处，那里与人类接触较少。）”可知，本段主要介绍了由于人类的因素，灰灰狼被迫从原来的家园黄石地区迁移到加拿大的森林深处。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The disappearance of the wolves had many consequences. Deer populations — a major food source for the wolf — grew rapidly without their usual enemy. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote (小野狼) populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes.（灰狼的消失造成了许多后果。鹿的数量——狼的主要食物来源——在没有天敌的情况下迅速增长。这些动物消耗了大量的植被，减少了公园里的植物多样性。在没有狼的情况下，小野狼的数量也迅速增长。小野狼杀死了公园里大部分的红狐。）”可知，本段介绍了狼的消失导致鹿的数量迅速增长，消耗大量植被，减少了植物多样性，同时狼的消失也导致小野狼的数量迅速增长，引起红狐数量锐减。由此可知，本段围绕狼的消失这一事件相继引发的其他事件展开，以解释因果关系的方式发展内容。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone, hoping that they would be able to control the deer and coyote problems.（早在1966年，生物学家就要求政府考虑将灰狼重新引入黄石公园，希望它们能够控制鹿和小野狼的问题。）”可知，生物学家建议将狼重新引入黄石公园是为了控制鹿和小野狼的数量。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By 2007, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170.（14只灰狼在加拿大被捕获并被运送到黄石公园。到2007年，黄石公园灰狼的数量已经增长到170多只。）”可知，将灰狼重新引入黄石公园的项目使得狼群数量得以增长。根据最后一段中“Deer and coyote populations are down, while red foxes have made a comeback.（鹿和小野狼数量下降，而红狐回归。）”可知，将灰狼重新引入黄石公园的项目成功控制了公园里鹿和小野狼的数量，使得红狐数量得以增长。由此推知，“将灰狼重新引入黄石公园的项目使狼和公园都受益”较好地总结了作者的观点。故选D项。
D
Babies appear to know how to help those in need, according to researchers who studied signs of altruism in almost 100 children.
Researchers who wanted to see whether children would give up their food to a stranger without encouragement found the kids did just that — even when they were hungry.
The scientists recruited 96 19-month-old children. During the experiments, a child and a researcher sat across from each other. In the control group of the first set of experiments, researchers threw a piece of fruit onto a plate where they couldn’t reach, but the child could. They then waited. In contrast, researchers in the test group pretended to drop the fruit on the plate, then tried and failed to reach it. This signaled to the child that the adult wanted the food.
Among the control group, only 4 percent of the children gave the piece of fruit to the researchers, compared with 58 percent, or over half, in the test group.
Next, the team explored if children would still be generous when it was at a cost to themselves. The first set of experiments was repeated with a separate group of kids before their lunchtime, when they were likely to be hungry. Similarly, 37 percent of the test group handed over their fruit, compared with none in the control group.
The experiments were repeated four times. Researchers got similar results each time. Babies with siblings (兄弟姐妹) and babies from Latino or Asian families shared more of the fruit the team also found.
Carter Morgan, lead professor of the study, said, “We often think of babies as selfish. But here we find that they are willing to help others even when it comes at some ‘cost’ to the self.”
Addressing why children with siblings or from certain cultural backgrounds were more likely to share their fruit, Morgan said, “We believe this partly reflects what social psychologists call ‘ interdependence’, which stresses on the importance of interpersonal connections and adjusting to others. These social experiences that shape attitudes towards sharing appear to have an effect very early in life.”
12. The underlined word “altruism” most probably means ________.
A. generosity B. creativity
C. friendliness D. confidence
13. What can be inferred about 19-month-old babies?
A. They know when to have lunch.
B. They understand signals for help.
C. They can classify different fruits.
D. They can express their needs freely.
14. Which graph best explains the findings of the experiments?
A. B.
C. D.
15 What can we learn from the text?
A. Attitudes towards sharing change greatly as people get older.
B. Babies from families with an only child are not willing to share.
C. It’s easier to control babies’ selfish desires when they are hungry.
D. Social experiences play a role in affecting babies’ behavior of sharing.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍最新一项针对婴儿是否具有分享精神的研究。结果表明，人类早期的社交经历会塑造影响他们慷慨分享的态度，并产生深远影响。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Researchers who wanted to see whether children would give up their food to a stranger without encouragement found the kids did just that — even when they were hungry. (研究人员想知道孩子们是否会在没有鼓励的情况下把食物让给陌生人，他们发现孩子们就是这样做的——即使他们饿了)”可知，研究人员发现小婴儿会把食物很慷慨地让给陌生人，即便自己也很饥饿，划线词与“慷慨、利他”之意接近。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In contrast, researchers in the test group pretended to drop the fruit on the plate, then tried and failed to reach it. This signaled to the child that the adult wanted the food. (相比之下，实验组的研究人员假装把水果掉在盘子上，然后试图够到它，但没有成功。这向孩子发出信号，表明大人想要食物)”和第四段“Among the control group, only 4 percent of the children gave the piece of fruit to the researchers, compared with 58 percent, or over half, in the test group. (在对照组中，只有4%的孩子把水果给了研究人员，而在实验组中，这一比例为58%，超过一半)”可知，在实验组中，研究人员作势伸手够不到水果，向婴儿发出需要帮助的信号，有超过一半的婴儿能够领会这种求助信号，而将眼前的水果交到研究人员手里。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Among the control group, only 4 percent of the children gave the piece of fruit to the researchers, compared with 58 percent, or over half, in the test group. (在对照组中,只有 4% 的孩子将水果给了研究人员，而在测试组中,这一比例为58%，或超过一半)”以及第五段“Next, the team explored if children would still be generous when it was at a cost to themselves. The first set of experiments was repeated with a separate group of kids before their lunchtime when they were likely to be hungry. Similarly, 37 percent of the test group handed over their fruit, compared with none in the control group. (接下来，该团队探索了孩子们在付出代价时是否仍然表现慷慨。第一组实验在午餐时间之前对另一组孩子重复进行，当时他们可能饿了。同样，37% 的测试组交出了他们的水果，而对照组则没有)”可知，不饥饿状态下，仅4% 的对照组孩子将水果给了研究人员，与之相比58%的测试组孩子会这样做；饥饿状态下，对照组没有一个孩子将水果交给研究人员，与之相比仍有37%的测试组孩子会这样做。故选A项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后段中的“These social experiences that shape attitudes towards sharing appear to have an effect very early in life. (这些培养分享理念的社交经历，似乎在生命早期就产生了影响)”可知，婴孩时期关于分享态度的社交经历，在生命初期已经产生了影响。可知，社交经历对婴儿分享行为有影响。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you sitting more than ever? ___16___ You’re probably sitting while reading this. Sometimes you sit when you are driving or attending a meeting. Other times you sit when you engage yourself in watching a movie or playing computer games. That’s undoubtedly a lot of sitting. The fact is, the amount of time spent sitting has increased over time. ___17___
We know sitting too much is bad, and most of us naturally feel a little guilty after a long-time TV watching. ___18___ A study on nearly 8,000 adults suggests that there’s a direct relationship between the time spent sitting and our risk of early death of any cause. As the total sitting time increases, so does the risk of early death.
“Sit less, move more” is what the Heart Association encourages us to do. ___19___ It is like telling someone to just ”exercise“ without telling them how. Exercise guidelines are always more practical. For example, the Center for Disease Control recommends adults do exercise for two hours and 30 minutes every week, plus muscle strengthening activities two or more days a week. We need similar guidelines for sitting.
___20___ “It would probably be like, for every 30 continuous minutes of sitting, stand up and move or walk for five minutes at a quick pace,” Diaz, the lead researcher said, adding that the study has put us a step closer to the satisfying guidelines. But more researches are needed to confirm their approach.
A. Now it’s time to get up and move around.
B. Take a moment to think about your sitting activities.
C. Health experts also suggest exercising on a daily basis.
D. But this guideline is just too simple and abstract to make a difference.
E. As of today, average adult will spend 56-86% of their daily time sitting.
F. But what exactly goes wrong when we park ourselves for nearly eight hours per day?
G. To make up for the weakness, a research team is working on a more specific guideline.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. F 19. D 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇议论文。在当今社会，许多人都有久坐的现象，作者在文章中说明了久坐的危害，并就如何解决这个问题，提出了指导方针。
【16题详解】
根据下一句“You’re probably sitting while reading this. Sometimes you sit when you are driving or attending a meeting. Other times you sit when you engage yourself in watching a movie or playing computer games. ”可知，作者列举了人们坐着的时候可能做的事情，与选项B中“sitting activities”意思相符，是对它的举例说明。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上一句“ The fact is, the amount of time spent sitting has increased over time. ”（事实是随着时间的推移，久坐所花的时间越来越多。），选项E中“ spend 56-86% of their daily time sitting.”给出了人们每天坐着的具体时长，对前一句是补充说明，符合语意。故选E。
【18题详解】
上一句“We know sitting too much is bad, and most of us naturally feel a little guilty after a long-time TV watching”（我们知道久坐不好，而且我们中大多数人在长时间看电视后自然而然会感到有些内疚。）提到了久坐有害处；下一句“ A study on nearly 8,000 adults suggests that there’s a direct relationship between the time spent sitting and our risk of early death of any cause.”（一项对近8000个成年人所做的研究表明久坐和早期死亡风险之间是有之间关系的。）提到了久坐的具体危害。选项F中“But what exactly goes wrong ”问到了久坐到底有什么危害，起到了承上启下的作用，符合语意。故选F。
【19题详解】
上一句中““Sit less, move more””（少坐、多动）是引号引用的句子，根据下文中“Exercise guidelines are always more practical.”可以判断这是指的guideline（指导方针）。选项D中“this guideline”指代前面所提到的引号表达的指导方针。D项（但是这个指导方针太简单和抽象了，而起不了什么作用）与下一句“It is like telling someone to just ”exercise“ without telling them how. ”（它像是只是告诉某人要锻炼，却没说怎么锻炼。）句意有连续性，符合语境。故选D。
【20题详解】
上一段“It is like telling someone to just ”exercise“ without telling them how. ”提到了第一次给出的指导方针不够具体，存在缺点。下一句““It would probably be like, for every 30 continuous minutes of sitting, stand up and move or walk for five minutes at a quick pace,””中给出了新的比较具体的指导方针。选项C（为了弥补这个缺点，一个研究团队正在从事制定更为具体的指导方针。）起到了承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The morning had been a disaster. My tooth was aching while my dentist was on holiday, and I’d been in a/an ____21____ with a friend. Her words still hurt, “You never put yourself in my place. Can’t you see things from my point of view?” I shook my head and felt the ____22____ in my tooth. It was really ____23____. I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. ____24____, at about lunchtime, I got lucky.
“If you ____25____ right now,” the receptionist said, “the dentist will fit you in.”
I rushed out to my car. But suddenly I began to ____26____ about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to ____27____ someone at such short notice? Why wasn’t he as ____28____ as the others?
While I was in the dentist’s office, I saw nothing but the empty walls and I became even more ____29____. The assistant _____30_____ my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.
When I told her my fears, she laughed, “Don’t worry. The dentist is very good. Just lie down and _____31_____. And enjoy the artwork.”
“The artwork?” I was _____32_____.
The chair went back, and suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it: on the _____33_____. How _____34_____ the dentist was! At that moment, I _____35_____ what my friend meant.
21. A. discussion B. argument C. negotiation D. meeting
22. A. warning B. bitterness C. pain D. danger
23. A. impossible B. irresistible C. unreasonable D. unbearable
24. A. Besides B. Finally C. Lately D. Therefore
25. A. come over B. pass on C. show off D. settle down
26. A. doubt B. care C. learn D. talk
27. A. believe B. contact C. treat D. visit
28. A. proud B. busy C. skilled D. careful
29. A. eager B. confident C. curious D. worried
30. A. noticed B. examined C. ignored D. reduced
31. A. paint B. relax C. sleep D. smile
32. A. annoyed B. frightened C. embarrassed D. confused
33. A. wall B. door C. ceiling D. floor
34. A. considerate B. imaginative C. professional D. patient
35. A. heard B. remembered C. understood D. valued
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者看牙医的经历，医生把画放在天花板上，方便患者接受治疗时欣赏，让患者放松下来，通过这次经历，作者明白了要学会站在其他人的角度看问题。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天早上真是一场灾难。我的牙医度假时，我的牙齿很痛，并且我和一个朋友吵架了。A. discussion讨论；B. argument争吵；C. negotiation谈判；D. meeting会面。根据下文“Her words still hurt, “You never put yourself in my place. Can’t you see things from my point of view?””可知，朋友的话让我很受伤，她说我从来没有设身处地为她着想，不能从她的角度看问题，由此可知，我和一个朋友发生了争吵。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我摇摇头，感觉到牙齿痛。A. warning警告；B. bitterness痛苦；C. pain（身体上的）疼痛；D. danger危险。根据上文“My tooth was aching”可知，我牙疼，由此可知，我感觉到牙齿的疼痛，“pain”指“（身体上的）疼痛”。符合语境。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真是让人无法忍受。A. impossible不可能的；B. irresistible不可抗拒的；C. unreasonable不合理的；D. unbearable无法忍受的。根据上文“My tooth was aching”和下文“I started calling the dentists in the phone book”可知，我牙疼，并且开始给牙医打电话，由此可知，牙疼是让人无法忍受的，所以我才给牙医打电话。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，大约在午餐时间，我的好运气来了。A. Besides此外；B. Finally最后；C. Lately最近；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately.”可知，我刚开始打电话时，没有医生能立即给我看牙，由此可知，句中指经过了一番努力，最后，我的好运气来了，我找到了有空的牙医。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“如果你现在过来，”接待员说，“牙医会为你安排好的。”A. come over过来；B. pass on传递（信息）；C. show off炫耀；D. settle down定居。根据下文“I rushed out to my car.”可知，我冲到车上，准备去医院，由此可知，句中指接待员告诉作者如果她现在过来，牙医有时间。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我突然开始怀疑牙医。A. doubt怀疑；B. care关心；C. learn学习；D. talk谈话。根据下文“What kind of dentist would be so eager to _____ someone at such short notice?”可知，作者心里想什么样的牙医会如此空闲，这么快就有空为她治疗？由此可知，作者对牙医产生了怀疑。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：什么样的牙医会如此渴望在如此短的通知内治疗一个人？A. believe相信；B. contact联系；C. treat治疗；D. visit参观。根据上文“My tooth was aching”和句中“dentist”可知，我牙齿疼，牙医应该是为人治疗牙齿的。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么他不像其他人那么忙？A. proud骄傲的；B. busy忙碌的；C. skilled熟练的；D. careful仔细的。根据上文“I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately.”可知，作者之前联系过很多牙医，但都没有空，由此可知，牙医们都很忙，这个牙医有时间，作者不由得怀疑为什么他不像其他人那么忙。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在牙医办公室时，我只看到了空荡荡的墙壁，我变得更加担心了。A. eager渴望的；B. confident自信的；C. curious好奇的；D. worried担心的。根据上文内容和句中“I saw nothing but the empty walls”可知，作者本来就对牙医产生了怀疑，又看到了办公室里除了空荡荡的墙壁，什么也没有，变得更加担心了。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：助手注意到我的紧张，把她温暖的手放在我冰冷的手上。A. noticed注意到；B. examined检查；C. ignored忽视；D. reduced减少。根据句中“placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one”可知，助手把她温暖的手放在我冰冷的手上，由此可知，她注意到我的紧张，用这种方式安慰我。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉她我的恐惧时，她笑着说：“别担心。牙医很好。躺下来放松一下。欣赏这件艺术品。”A. paint用颜料画；B. relax放松；C. sleep睡觉；D. smile微笑。根据句中“Don’t worry.”和“And enjoy the artwork.”可知，助手让作者别担心，躺下来欣赏艺术品，由此可知，她希望用这种方式让作者放松下来。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“艺术品？”我很困惑。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. frightened害怕的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“I saw nothing but the empty walls”可知，作者在办公室里除了空荡荡的墙壁，什么也没看到，由此可知，她没看到艺术品，所以感到困惑。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：天花板上有一幅美丽的图画，就在我能欣赏的地方。A. wall墙壁；B. door门；C. ceiling天花板；D. floor地板。根据上文“lie down”可知，助手让作者躺下来欣赏艺术品，由此可知，艺术品在天花板上。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：牙医真体贴！A. considerate体贴的；B. imaginative富有想象力的；C. professional专业的；D. patient有耐心的。根据上文“right where I could enjoy it”可知，医生把艺术品放在天花板上，患者躺下接受治疗时就可以看到，由此可知，牙医是体贴的，为患者考虑周到。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我明白了我朋友的意思。A. heard听见；B. remembered记得；C. understood明白；D. valued重视。根据上文“Can’t you see things from my point of view?””可知，朋友希望我学会从别人的角度看问题，不要只从自己的角度看问题，而这次经历让我明白了朋友的意思，医生正是从患者的角度看问题，所以把画放在天花板上。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The skyscraper (摩天大楼) became the standard design of a modern, global city in the 20th century. So much so that by the end of last century, centers of many big cities around the world began ____36____ (look) alike.
As we entered the 21st century, many designers began to ask ____37____ (they): Is this ____38____ we want our cities to look? Must our cities give up their individual identities to become modern? Some ____39____ (architect) have responded to these questions by incorporating traditional design elements into their skyscrapers. Others are returning ____40____ local traditions and, often, local materials.
In China, internationally famous architect Wang Shu wants to bring a breath of fresh air to modern design. He is creating designs in which modern concrete and Chinese traditional building practices coexist. Traditional Chinese buildings, ____41____ (include) homes, often have green spaces on the inside. Wang says that the most important thing for Chinese people is “living in some ____42____ (peace) place with trees, water, and your family together.” He keeps this idea in mind and reuses old materials in his new buildings. Some buildings contain ____43____ (recycle) bricks and tiles from constructions that ____44____ (build) hundreds of years ago. Wang believes this is what gives _____45_____ building its spirit and makes it feel alive.
【答案】36. to look##looking
37. themselves
38. how 39. architects
40. to 41. including
42. peaceful
43. recycled
44. were built
45. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍将传统与现代结合起来的设计风格。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：以至于到上世纪末，世界各地许多大城市的中心开始看起来很像。begin to do/doing 是固定表达，意为“开始做某事”，所以空处应该填 to look/looking。故填to look或looking。
【37题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：当我们进入21世纪时，许多设计师开始问自己：这就是我们希望我们的城市看起来的样子吗？分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作ask的宾语，表示他们自己，需要用反身代词，所以空处需要填themselves。故填themselves。
【38题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，此处形成了表语从句，结合句意“这就是我们想要的城市面貌吗？”可知，空处需要填how。故填 how。
【39题详解】
考查名词复数。 句意：一些建筑师通过将传统设计元素融入摩天大楼来回答这些问题。architect 是可数名词，在本句中作主语，根据空前的Some和空后的have可知，此处需要填复数形式，故填 architects。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：其他人则回归当地传统，通常回归当地材料。return to是固定短语，意为 “回到，恢复到”，所以空处需要填to。故填to。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：包括住宅在内的中国传统建筑内部通常都有绿地。根据句意可知，空前空后为包含关系，意为“传统的中国建筑，包括住宅在内”，所以空处需要including。故填including。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：王说，对中国人来说，最重要的是“住在一个有树、有水、有家人的宁静的地方”。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词places，需要用形容词，所以空处需要填peaceful。故填peaceful。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一些建筑含有数百年前建造的建筑中回收的砖块和瓷砖。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。根据句意，空处与后面的名词bricks和tiles之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处需要填recycle的过去分词形式recycled。故填recycled。
【44题详解】
考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，build作从句的谓语；结合时间状语hundreds of years ago可知，从句时态为一般过去时；that指代constructions，表复数意义，与build之间为被动关系，所以空处需要填were built。故填were built。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：王认为，这正是赋予建筑精神，让它有生命的原因。根据语境可知，空处和后面的building作gives的宾语，此处意为“赋予一座建筑灵魂”，表泛指，且building的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处需要填a。故填a。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 为迎接一年一度的重阳节，学校英文报举办以“关爱老人”为主题的征文比赛。请写一篇英语短文参赛，包括以下要点：
1. 重阳节的意义;
2. 如何关爱老人;
3. 期望与呼吁。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Love the elderly
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. Nine, as the biggest single number, represents long life and happiness. That’s why China celebrates Senior Citizen’s Day on the ninth of the ninth. It symbolizes respect and love for the old.
As our population ages, it’s more important than ever that the elderly are well taken care of. Young people should keep their parents or grandparents company regularly. As a society we should build more nursing homes where the elderly can be safe and enjoy their retirement together.
Hopefully, by working together we can improve the latter years of our senior citizens. After their lifetime of hard work, it’s the least they deserve.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇以“关爱老人”为主题的英语短文参加学校英文报的征文比赛。包括以下要点：
1. 重阳节的意义；
2. 如何关爱老人；
3. 期望与呼吁。
【详解】词汇积累
庆祝：celebrate→ observe
象征：represent→ symbolize
照顾：take care of→ look after/care for
陪伴：keep sb. company→ accompany
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Nine, as the biggest single number, represents long life and happiness.
拓展句：Nine, which is the biggest single number, represents long life and happiness.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As our population ages, it’s more important than ever that the elderly are well taken care of.（运用了as引导原因状语从句以及it作形式主语，that引导主语从句）
【高分句型2】As a society we should build more nursing homes where the elderly can be safe and enjoy their retirement together.（运用了where引导限制性定语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Two things changed my life: my mother and a bike basket. It’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a bike basket into a life lesson I carry with me today—a lesson about the value of efforts.
My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what other kids owned, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so-and-so got for his birthday. You are not getting a TV in your room or a big party.” We had to earn our allowance (零用钱) by doing chores (家庭杂务) around the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table. My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house. We had to keep track of our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not replaced.
It was one summer day. My mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed—and there it was in the window—white, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers: The basket winked at me and I knew—I had to have it.
“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her. “What a neat basket.”
I tried to hold off at first, but then I couldn’t stand it any longer. “Mom, please can I get it? I’ll do anything, please, Mom, please?” I was desperate.
“You know” she said, gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believed was the coolest thing ever, “if you save up, you could buy this yourself.”
“By the time I have earned enough, it’ll have gone! Someone else will buy it. Please, Mom, please?”
“There might be another way,” she said.
注意:
1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
“I’ll buy it now but you only get it after 3 weeks of double chores,” Mom explained.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, I got my dream basket, but soon I sadly found the same basket on others’ bikes!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 “I’ll buy it now but you only get it after 3 weeks of double chores,” Mom explained. I agreed immediately and Mom bought the flowery basket and kept it somewhere I could’t find. Each day, I finished my new routine of double household chores with passion and enthusiasm. Each night, I crossed off another day on the calender as I counted down the days. As the days passed, the basket seemed to become even more beautiful in my imagination. The extra chores didn’t bother me. The basket was worth it. The anticipation grew stronger as the days ticked down.
Finally, I got my dream basket, but soon I sadly found the same basket on others’ bikes! So shocked and upset was I that I immediately went home to report this disaster to my Mom. Seeing my sad face, she gently wiped away my tears. Holding my little face in her warmth hands, she spoke out what has become the lesson I still carry with me today. “Your basket is not the same basket. It’s unique because it was obtained by all your worthwhile effort and waiting.”
【解析】
【导语】本文以事情发展的顺序为线索展开，讲述了一个夏日，妈妈带作者去修理车胎时，作者看上了一个闪闪发光的车筐，于是问妈妈能不能买下它。妈妈不同意，告诉作者有别的方法可以得到它。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“妈妈解释说:‘我现在就去买，但是你要做三个星期的双份家务才能拿到。’”可知，第一段可描写接下来三周作者的表现和其心理活动。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，我得到了我梦寐以求的篮子，但很快我就悲伤地在别人的自行车上发现了同样的篮子！”可知，第二段可描写作者看到别人有和自己一模一样的车筐时很失望，跑回家告诉妈妈，妈妈说了一些话让作者改变了自己的看法，意识到努力的价值。
2.续写线索：做家务——期盼——得到车筐——看到别人有一模一样的车筐——失望地跑回家——告诉妈妈——妈妈教育作者
3.词汇激活
行为类
①完成：finish/complete
②回家：go home/return home
③告知：report/tell/inform
情绪类
①震惊的：shocked/astonished
②生气的：upset/annoyed
【点睛】[高分句型1] As the days passed, the basket seemed to become even more beautiful in my imagination. （运用了as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]So shocked and upset was I that I immediately went home to report this disaster to my Mom.（运用了部分倒装句）
[高分句型3]. It’s unique because it was obtained by all your worthwhile effort and waiting.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句）