2018年北京市高考英语试卷

这是一份2018年北京市高考英语试卷，共45页。试卷主要包含了﹣Hi， I'm Peter等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2018年北京市高考英语试卷
　
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例：It's so nice to hear from her again.__，we last met more than thirty years ago．A．what's moreB．That's to sayC．In other wordsD．Believe it or not答案是D．
1．（1.00分）﹣Hi， I'm Peter． Are you new here？ I haven't seen you around？
﹣Hello， Peter． I'm Bob． I just______on Monday．（　　）
A．start B．have started C．started D．had started
2．（1.00分）______we don't stop climate change， many animals and plants in the world will be gone．（　　）
A．Although B．While C．If D．Until
3．（1.00分）______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．（　　）
A．Travel B．Traveling
C．Having traveled D．Traveled
4．（1.00分）Susan had quit her well﹣paid job and ______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year．（　　）
A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked
5．（1.00分）She and her family bicycle to work， helps them keep fit．（　　）
A．which B．who C．as D．that
6．（1.00分）During the Mid﹣Autumn Festival， family members often gather together_______a meal， admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．（　　）
A．share B．to share
C．having shared D．shared
7．（1.00分）China's high﹣speed railways from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years．（　　）
A．are growing B．have grown C．will grow D．had grown
8．（1.00分）In any unsafe situation， simply______the button and a highly﹣trained agent will get you the help you need．（　　）
A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed
9．（1.00分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______in the mountains for two days．（　　）
A．are trapping B．have been trapped
C．were trapping D．had been trapped
10．（1.00分）Ordinary soap， ______correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively．（　　）
A．used B．to use C．using D．use
11．（1.00分）Without his support， we wouldn't be______we are now．（　　）
A．how B．when C．where D．why
12．（1.00分）In today's information age， the loss of data______cause serious problems for a company．（　　）
A．need B．should C．can D．must
13．（1.00分）They might have found a better hotel if they_______a few more kilometers．（　　）
A．drove B．would drive
C．were to drive D．had driven
14．（1.00分）﹣Good morning， Mr．Lee's office．
﹣Good morning． I'd like to make an appointment_______next Wednesday afternoon．（　　）
A．for B．on C．in D．at
15．（1.00分）This is________my father has taught me﹣to always face difficulties and hope for the best．（　　）
A．how B．which C．that D．what
　
第二节 完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
16．（30.00分）
The Homeless Hero
For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）．But the （1）　 　 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money． All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith （2）　 　more remarkable．
After spotting a （3）　 　 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4）　 　 to return．
After hours in the cold and wet， he （5）　 　 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver， only to （6）　 　 it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it．
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7）　 　 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe． When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car﹣which was itself worth £35，000﹣in Glasgow city centre， they were（8）　 　to find two policemen standing next to it． The policemen told them what Mr．Smith did and that the wallet was（9）　 　．
The pair were later able to thank Mr．Smith for his （10）　 　．
Mr．Anderson said："I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight （11）　 　 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in．This guy has nothing and （12）　 　 he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13）　 　． It's unbelievable． It just proves there are （14）　 　 guys out there．"
Mr．Smith's act （15）　 　 much of the public's attention． He also won praise from social media users after Mr．Anderson （16）　 　 about the act of kindness on Facebook．
Now Mr． Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17）　 　 money for Mr．Smith and other homeless people in the area， which by yesterday had received ￡8，000． "I think the faith that everyone has shown （18）　 　 him has touched him． People have been approaching him in the street； he's had job （19）　 　 and all sorts， "Mr．Anderson commented．
For Mr．Smith， this is a possible life﹣changing （20）　 　． The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another．

（1）A． hope
B． aim
C． urge
D． effort
（2）A． still
B． even
C． ever
D． once
（3）A． wallet
B． bag
C． box
D． parcel
（4）A． partner
B． colleague
C． owner
D． policeman
（5）A． turned
B． hid
C． stepped
D． reached
（6）A． discover
B． collect
C． check
D． believe
（7）A． taking
B． leaving
C． reading
D． writing
（8）A． satisfied
B． excited
C． amused
D． shocked
（9）A． safe
B． missing
C． found
D． seen
（10）A． service
B． support
C． kindness
D． encouragement
（11）A． when
B． if
C． where
D． because
（12）A． rather
B． yet
C． already
D． just
（13）A． too
B． though
C． again
D． instead
（14）A． honest
B． polite
C． rich
D． generous
（15）A． gave
B． paid
C． cast
D． drew
（16）A． learned
B． posted
C． cared
D． heard
（17）A． borrow
B． raise
C． save
D． earn
（18）A． of
B． at
C． for
D． in
（19）A． details
B． changes
C． offers
D． applications
（20）A． lesson
B． adventure
C． chance
D． challenge
　
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
17．（8.00分）
A

My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon， one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks， leaving me only two weeks to train． Yet， I was determined to go ahead．
I remember back to my 7th year in school． In my first P．E． class， the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball． I didn't do either well． He later informed me that I was" not athletic"．
The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years． When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself， not about competition or whether or not I was athletic． It was all about the battle against my own body and mind． A test of wills!
The night before my marathon， I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line． I woke up sweating and nervous， but ready to prove something to myself．
Shortly after crossing the start line， my shoe laces （鞋带）became untied． So I stopped to readjust． Not the start I wanted！
At mile 3， I passed a sign：" GO FOR IT， RUNNERS!"
By mile 17， I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly． Despite the pain， I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again．
By mile 21， I was starving！
As I approached mile 23， I could see my wife waving a sign． She is my biggest fan． She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m． or questioned my expenses on running．
I was one of the final runners to finish． But I finished! And I got a medal． In fact， I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had．
Determined to be myself， move forward， free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签）， I can now call myself a "marathon winner"．

（1）A month before the marathon， the author　 　．
A． was well trained
B． felt scared
C． made up his mind to run
D． lost hope
（2）Why did the author mention the P．E． class in his 7th year？　 　
A． To acknowledge the support of his teacher．
B． To amuse the readers with a funny story．
C． To show he was not talented in sports．
D． To share a precious memory．
（3）How was the author's first marathon？　 　
A． He made it．
B． He quit halfway．
C． He got the first prize．
D． He walked to the end．
（4）What does the story mainly tell us？　 　
A． A man owes his success to his family support．
B． A winner is one with a great effort of will．
C． Failure is the mother of success．
D． One is never too old to learn．
18．（6.00分）
B
Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation （航空）Center
If you're looking for a unique adventure， the Space and Aviation Center（SAC）is the place to be． The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands﹣on tasks and lots of fun．
More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC， with many seeking employment in engineering， aviation， education， medicine and a wide variety of other professions． They come to camp， wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot， and they leave with real﹣world applications for what they're studying in the classroom．
For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章）． At Space Camp， trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets， learn about space tasks and try simulated （模拟） flying to space with the crew from all over the world． The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge． They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit（驾驶舱）of a variety of flight simulators． Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water﹣and land﹣survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a "downed" pilot．
With all the programs， teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task．
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18． Families can enjoy the experience together， too， with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7．
Stay an hour or stay a week﹣﹣there is something here for everyone!
For more details，please visit us online at www．oursac．com．

（1）Why do people come to SAC？　 　
A． To experience adventures．
B． To look for jobs in aviation．
C． To get a degree in engineering．
D． To learn more about medicine．
（2）To earn a Space Exploration badge， a trainee needs to　 　．
A． fly to space
B． get an Aviation badge first
C． study the principles of flight
D． build and fire model rockets
（3）What is the most important for trainees？　 　
A． Leadership．
B． Team spirit．
C． Task planning．
D． Survival skills．
19．（8.00分）
C

Plastic﹣Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year． Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans． So far there is no effective way to get rid of it， but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene， which accounts for 40% of plastics． The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours， and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams， or almost 3% of it． To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown， the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物） and applied it to plastic films． 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass﹣﹣apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs． Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017．
Federica Bertocchini， co﹣author of the study， says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food﹣beeswax﹣also allows them to break down plastic． "Wax is a complex mixture， but the basic bond in polyethylene， the carbon﹣carbon bond， is there as well， "she explains． "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond． "
Jennifer DeBruyn， a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee， who was not involved in the study， says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene． But compared with previous studies， she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting． The next step， DeBruyn says， will be to identify the cause of the breakdown． Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills． But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．"

（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study？　 　
A． They take plastics as their everyday food．
B． They are newly evolved creatures．
C． They can consume plastics．
D． They wind up in landfills．
（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn， the next step of the study is to　 　．
A． identify other means of the breakdown
B． find out the source of the enzyme
C． confirm the research findings
D． increase the breakdown speed
（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might　 　．
A． help to raise worms
B． help make plastic bags
C． be used to clean the oceans
D． be produced in factories in future
（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？　 　
A． To explain a study method on worms．
B． To introduce the diet of a special worm．
C． To present a way to break down plastics．
D． To propose new means to keep eco﹣balance．

20．（8.00分）
D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self﹣driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream， years away from materializing in the real world． Well， the future is apparently now． The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self﹣driving cars on public roads． The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self﹣driving cars， and for companies to operate driverless taxi services． California， it should be noted， isn't leading the way here． Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country． It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads． But however long it takes， the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities， for better or for worse， depending on how the transformation is regulated．
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars（and rightfully so），policymakers also should be talking about how self﹣driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams， cut emissions（排放） and offer more convenient， affordable mobility options． The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared．
Do we want to copy﹣ or even worsen﹣ the traffic of today with driverless cars？ Imagine a future where most adults own individual self﹣driving vehicles． They tolerate long， slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work， entertain themselves or sleep on the ride， which encourages urban spread． They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking． Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning， they send the self﹣driving minibus． The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport﹣﹣an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride﹣ hailing（叫车） services．
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol﹣powered private cars worldwide with electric， self﹣driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure （基础设施） and operations 40% by 2050． Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing． The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride﹣hailing services， considering the cost of self﹣driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology．
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car﹣controlled transportation system we have today． The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably． The car of the future is coming． We just have to plan for it．

（1）According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can　 　．
A． help deal with transportation﹣related problems
B． provide better services to customers
C． cause damage to our environment
D． make some people lose jobs
（2）As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？　 　
A． Safety．
B． Side effects．
C． Affordability．
D． Management．
（3）What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？　 　
A． Employed．
B． Replaced．
C． Shared．
D． Reduced．
（4）What is the author's attitude to the future of self﹣driving cars？　 　
A． Doubtful．
B． Positive．
C． Disapproving．
D． Sympathetic．
　
第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．
21．（10.00分）
Why Do We Get Angry？
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it， but the causes of anger are various． Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits． The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），and our assessment of situations． （1）　 　
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages． However， here are some examples： being cut off in traffic， a deadline approaching， experiencing physical pain， and much more．（2）　 　 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits．
Each person， no matter who they are， has psychological imbalances． People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry．（3）　 　 Also， sometimes pre﹣anger does not have to do with a lasting condition， but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred．
（4）　 　Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre﹣anger， or anger itself． Sometimes ignorance and negative （消极的）outlooks on situations can create anger．
（5）　 　 However， anger can easily turn violent， and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence． With these main reasons in mind， we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings．

A． Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well．
B． But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．
C． Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait， and is usually advised to reduce it．
D． Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．
E． Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state， where anger is in the background of your mind．
F． Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye．
G． Not everyone acts the same in response to events， and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．
　
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）
22．（10.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学．他向你咨询相关信息．请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．推荐他上哪所大学；
3．建议他做哪些准备工作．
注意：
1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．
Dear Jim，
　 　
Yours，
Li Hua
　
第二节（20分）
23．（25.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程．
注意：词数不少于60．

　 　
　

2018年北京市高考英语试卷
参考答案与试题解析
　
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例：It's so nice to hear from her again.__，we last met more than thirty years ago．A．what's moreB．That's to sayC．In other wordsD．Believe it or not答案是D．
1．（1.00分）﹣Hi， I'm Peter． Are you new here？ I haven't seen you around？
﹣Hello， Peter． I'm Bob． I just______on Monday．（　　）
A．start B．have started C．started D．had started
【分析】嗨，我是皮特．你是新来的吗？我之前没见过你．
嗨，皮特，我是鲍勃．我星期一刚来的．
【解答】答案：C．本题考查一般过去时．根据对话，可知鲍勃之前确实不在这个地方上班，再结合时间状语just，说明他是星期一刚刚来上班的，应该使用一般过去时，表明他的到来发生在过去．
故选：C．
【点评】本题考查一般过去时．解答该类试题主要观察题干中的对话或者是时间状语或者是隐含信息，表示发生在过去的某一动作即为正确答案．
　
2．（1.00分）______we don't stop climate change， many animals and plants in the world will be gone．（　　）
A．Although B．While C．If D．Until
【分析】如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．
【解答】考查从属连词的用法．although"尽管，虽然"，引导让步状语从句．while表示"当……的时候"，引导时间状语从句；意为"尽管、虽然"，引导让步状语从句．if"如果"，引导条件状语从句．until"直到"，引导时间状语从句．分析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的"条件"关系．句意：如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．
故选：C．
【点评】本题考查从属连词的用法．连词的用法辨析，要注意分析主从句之间的逻辑关系，再确定相应的连词，同时注意不同的连词的语义及用法区别．
　
3．（1.00分）______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．（　　）
A．Travel B．Traveling
C．Having traveled D．Traveled
【分析】沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣而且有益的经历．
【解答】考查动名词．分析可知"__along the old Silk Road"在句中做主语，句子主干是主系表结构．travel是动词原形，不能在句中做主语，可排除A；having done是现在分词的完成式，它表示主动的动作，并且动作发生在谓语动词之前，常常作状语来修饰动词，可排除C．done是过去分词，在句中通常做定语或状语，不能够在句中做主语．无论作状语或作定语，都表示被动的动作，也可以表示已经完成的动作．可排除D．
故选：B．
【点评】动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语，但是不能作补语．动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语，在动词的基础上加ing，使该动词或动词短语，有名词的各种特征，可作名词灵活使用．
如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk．覆水难收
　　It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us． 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间．
　　It was hard getting on the crowded street car． 上这种拥挤的车真难．
　　It is fun playing with children． 和孩子们一起玩真好．
　　There is no joking about such matters． 对这种事情不是开玩笑．
　
4．（1.00分）Susan had quit her well﹣paid job and ______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year．（　　）
A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked
【分析】当我去年去看Susan 的时候，她以及辞去了她的高薪工作在当地做起了志愿者工作．
【解答】答案：B．本题考查过去进行时，即某一动作在过去的某一时刻正在发生．根据句意，去年"我"去拜访Susan的时候她已经辞去了高薪职业，正在附件社区从事着志愿者工作，使用过去进行时：was doing sth．
故选：B．
【点评】本题考查过去进行时，解答该类试题应注意分析句中的时间状语和句子主语的关系，再结合选项，即可选出正确答案．
　
5．（1.00分）She and her family bicycle to work， helps them keep fit．（　　）
A．which B．who C．as D．that
【分析】她和她的家人都是骑自行车去上班，这使得他们能保持健康．
【解答】本题考查非限制性定语从句．本复合句中，主句为She and her family bicycle to work，而非限制定语从句中缺少主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，故不能使用that，关系代词who是用来替代人，在此不符合句意；as可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是常位于句首．which在从句中引导定语从句作主语，替代前面整个主句的内容，即：每天和家人骑车上班的行为能促使他们保持身体健康．
故选：A．
【点评】本题考查定语从句．解答该类试题一定要分析题干，分析句子成分再结合选项特点，进行答案的选择．
　
6．（1.00分）During the Mid﹣Autumn Festival， family members often gather together_______a meal， admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．（　　）
A．share B．to share
C．having shared D．shared
【分析】在中秋节期间，家庭成员时常聚在一起吃饭，欣赏月亮和享受月饼．
【解答】考查动词不定式．此处用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语．故选B项．其它三项不符合语境．
故选：B．
【点评】英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来，动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词．它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰．动名词有时态和语态的变化．另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同：在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语．它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语．
　
7．（1.00分）China's high﹣speed railways from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years．（　　）
A．are growing B．have grown C．will grow D．had grown
【分析】在过去的几年中国的高速公路已经从9000公里发展到25000公里．
【解答】句中的时间状语是"in the past few years"，这类的时间状语，句子一般都用现在完成时或现在完成进行时．故选：B．
【点评】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since…，for+段时间，in the past few years/weeks等．
　
8．（1.00分）In any unsafe situation， simply______the button and a highly﹣trained agent will get you the help you need．（　　）
A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed
【分析】在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，训练有素的助理就会让你得到需要的帮助．
【解答】考查祈使句．分析句子可知，此处考查的是祈使句+and/or+简单句，根据句意可知，此处使用动词原形press．
故选：A．
【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．
　
9．（1.00分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______in the mountains for two days．（　　）
A．are trapping B．have been trapped
C．were trapping D．had been trapped
【分析】一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两个被困在山上两天的游客．
【解答】考查时态语态．根据句中risked可知，事情是发生在过去，游客被困是发生在"冒险救援"之前，用过去完成时，即"过去的过去"，trap为及物动词，游客是被困的，应该使用过去完成时的被动语态．
故选：D．
【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．
　
10．（1.00分）Ordinary soap， ______correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively．（　　）
A．used B．to use C．using D．use
【分析】普通的肥皂恰当地被使用能有效地清理细菌．
【解答】本句中两个逗号隔开的内容应该是对"ordinary soap"作补充说明，肥皂和使用是被动关系，所以用过去分词used．故选：A．
【点评】考查分词形式主要看改动词与被修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系，一般用过去分词形式表示被动关系，现在分词表示主动关系．
　
11．（1.00分）Without his support， we wouldn't be______we are now．（　　）
A．how B．when C．where D．why
【分析】没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置．
【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，be动词的后面应该是表语从句，根据句意：没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置，可知应该使用where"在哪里"，而how"如何"，when"何时"，why"为什么"，不符合句意．
故选：C．
【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．
　
12．（1.00分）In today's information age， the loss of data______cause serious problems for a company．（　　）
A．need B．should C．can D．must
【分析】在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．
【解答】考查情态动词．need需要；should应该；can能；能够；（表示可能性）可能，可能会；must必须．句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．
故选：C．
【点评】本题考查情态动词的用法．情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，所以在做题时应该把握好说话人的情感态度．
　
13．（1.00分）They might have found a better hotel if they_______a few more kilometers．（　　）
A．drove B．would drive
C．were to drive D．had driven
【分析】如果他们再多开几公里，他们可能会找到一家更好的旅馆．
【解答】考查虚拟语气．在if条件句中，虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即：had+过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词．本题中主句中使用了might have done，因此，从句中应该使用过去完成时．
故选：D．
【点评】本题考查虚拟语气．if引导的虚拟条件句是高考考试的重要考察点．应对虚拟语气题目时，我们需要记住一个公式：语法 + 语境 = 正确答案．语法就是指上述各种虚拟语气的结构和用法，需要考生牢牢把握这些虚拟语气的基础知识；语境即说话人的语意、情感、态度等．实际上，目前高考中的大多数语法单项填空题都不是纯粹的考查语法结构，必须把语法或惯用法与语境结合起来才能得出正确答案．因此我们应遵循这个解题模式．
　
14．（1.00分）﹣Good morning， Mr．Lee's office．
﹣Good morning． I'd like to make an appointment_______next Wednesday afternoon．（　　）
A．for B．on C．in D．at
【分析】﹣早上好，李先生的办公室．
﹣早上好．我想为下星期三下午安排一次约会．
【解答】答案：A，考查介词用法辨析．结合句意"为下星期三下午安排一次约会"可知，即make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon．同学易错选为on，以为在某天下午应用介词on，但句意并非在下周三下午才做预约，而是说现在就约，把时间约在周三下午．故用介词for．
故选：A．
【点评】本道介词题难度相对较大，命题者铺设了陷阱，乍看之下极其容易，仔细思量其实另有玄机．所以考生在备考时，要注意灵活应用，而不是死记硬背．
　
15．（1.00分）This is________my father has taught me﹣to always face difficulties and hope for the best．（　　）
A．how B．which C．that D．what
【分析】这就是我父亲教给我的﹣﹣直面困难，做最好的希望．
【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，is后面的从句为表语从句，由于teach之后需要跟双宾语，即teach sb． sth．可知，缺少teach的直接宾语，需要使用充当句子成分的what．
故选：D．
【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．
　
第二节 完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
16．（30.00分）
The Homeless Hero
For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）．But the （1）　C　 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money． All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith （2）　B　more remarkable．
After spotting a （3）　A　 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4）　C　 to return．
After hours in the cold and wet， he （5）　D　 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver， only to （6）　A　 it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it．
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7）　B　 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe． When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car﹣which was itself worth £35，000﹣in Glasgow city centre， they were（8）　D　to find two policemen standing next to it． The policemen told them what Mr．Smith did and that the wallet was（9）　A　．
The pair were later able to thank Mr．Smith for his （10）　C　．
Mr．Anderson said："I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight （11）　A　 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in．This guy has nothing and （12）　B　 he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13）　D　． It's unbelievable． It just proves there are （14）　A　 guys out there．"
Mr．Smith's act （15）　D　 much of the public's attention． He also won praise from social media users after Mr．Anderson （16）　B　 about the act of kindness on Facebook．
Now Mr． Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17）　B　 money for Mr．Smith and other homeless people in the area， which by yesterday had received ￡8，000． "I think the faith that everyone has shown （18）　C　 him has touched him． People have been approaching him in the street； he's had job （19）　C　 and all sorts， "Mr．Anderson commented．
For Mr．Smith， this is a possible life﹣changing （20）　C　． The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another．

（1）A． hope
B． aim
C． urge
D． effort
（2）A． still
B． even
C． ever
D． once
（3）A． wallet
B． bag
C． box
D． parcel
（4）A． partner
B． colleague
C． owner
D． policeman
（5）A． turned
B． hid
C． stepped
D． reached
（6）A． discover
B． collect
C． check
D． believe
（7）A． taking
B． leaving
C． reading
D． writing
（8）A． satisfied
B． excited
C． amused
D． shocked
（9）A． safe
B． missing
C． found
D． seen
（10）A． service
B． support
C． kindness
D． encouragement
（11）A． when
B． if
C． where
D． because
（12）A． rather
B． yet
C． already
D． just
（13）A． too
B． though
C． again
D． instead
（14）A． honest
B． polite
C． rich
D． generous
（15）A． gave
B． paid
C． cast
D． drew
（16）A． learned
B． posted
C． cared
D． heard
（17）A． borrow
B． raise
C． save
D． earn
（18）A． of
B． at
C． for
D． in
（19）A． details
B． changes
C． offers
D． applications
（20）A． lesson
B． adventure
C． chance
D． challenge
【分析】本文为记叙文，讲述了一位流浪汉拾金不昧的故事．某雨天，流浪汉看到一辆未关车窗的车内放有钱包，怕钱包被盗，在雨中等待车主两小时．苦等无果，便拿着钱包去警局寻失主．车主获知事件经过，将经历分享到脸书（Facebook），为该地区流浪汉筹钱，最后流浪汉得到了许多工作机会．
【解答】1﹣5CBACD 6﹣10ABDAC 11﹣15ABDAD 16﹣20BBCCC
1．C．考查动词辨析．根据下文" if you were living on the streets with little food and money．"可知，如果你没有食物和钱，生活在大街上，这种渴望更强烈．urge渴望．
2．B．考查副词辨析．根据上文All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 可知，所有这些使无家可归的Tom Smith的行为甚至更加显著的．even甚至，表示递进关系．
3．A．考查名词辨析．根据上文finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 可知，他在打开窗户的停放的汽车前坐上看见一只钱包（wallet）．
4．C．考查名词辨析．根据上文 waiting for 可知，他在雨中等待主人回来．owner主人．
5．D．考查动词辨析．根据下文pulled the wallet out 可知，在又冷又湿的地方等了几小时后，他把手伸进去，拿出钱包，reached到达．
6．A．考查动词辨析．根据上文pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID 可知，他发现钱包里面有400美元的钞票，discover发现．
7．B．考查动词辨析．根据下文a note behind 可知，他留下一张字条．leave behind留下．
8．D．考查形容词．根据空后的to find two policemen standing next to it可知，他们很惊讶地发现两个警察站在车旁边．shocked惊讶的．
9．A．考查形容词．根据上文 it was safe可知，警察告诉车主，钱包是安全的．safe安全的．
10．C．考查名词．根据上文The pair were later able to thank Mr． Smith可知，两个人感谢史密斯先生的善举．kindness善举．
11．A．考查连词．根据句意：想想今晚住在街上，然而他本可以偷了钱，为一个住宿的地方付钱．表示转折关系，用when引导．
12．B． 考查副词．This guy has nothing 和下文的he didn't take the wallet for himself是转折关系，用yet然而．
13．D．考查副词．句意：相反地，他想到其他人．instead相反地．
14．A．考查形容词．根据上文he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 可知，史密斯先生是诚实的．honest诚实的．
15．D．考查动词．由空后的much of the public's attention可知，史密斯先生的行为吸引了很多关注，drew吸引．
16．B．考查动词．根据下文He also won praise from social media users 可知，在安德森在脸书上发布这个善举后，赢得媒体用户的赞扬，posted发布．
17．B．考查动词．根据空后的 money for Mr． Smith 可知，安德鲁先生发起网络活动为史密斯先生和其他无家可归的人募集资金，raise募集．
18．C．考查介词．和上文的show faith搭配用for，构成短语对某人表示信任．
19．C．考查名词．根据上文he's had job 可知，他有工作机会，offer提供的机会．
20．C．考查名词．根据上文People have been approaching him in the street可知，对史密斯先生这是一个改变生活的机会，chance机会．
【点评】本题为人物故事类完形填空，首先要通读全文，掌握大意，然后仔细阅读，分析每句话的含义和上下文的关联，结合每道题四个选项的含义找出最贴切的选项．
　
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
17．（8.00分）
A

My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon， one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks， leaving me only two weeks to train． Yet， I was determined to go ahead．
I remember back to my 7th year in school． In my first P．E． class， the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball． I didn't do either well． He later informed me that I was" not athletic"．
The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years． When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself， not about competition or whether or not I was athletic． It was all about the battle against my own body and mind． A test of wills!
The night before my marathon， I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line． I woke up sweating and nervous， but ready to prove something to myself．
Shortly after crossing the start line， my shoe laces （鞋带）became untied． So I stopped to readjust． Not the start I wanted！
At mile 3， I passed a sign：" GO FOR IT， RUNNERS!"
By mile 17， I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly． Despite the pain， I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again．
By mile 21， I was starving！
As I approached mile 23， I could see my wife waving a sign． She is my biggest fan． She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m． or questioned my expenses on running．
I was one of the final runners to finish． But I finished! And I got a medal． In fact， I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had．
Determined to be myself， move forward， free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签）， I can now call myself a "marathon winner"．

（1）A month before the marathon， the author　C　．
A． was well trained
B． felt scared
C． made up his mind to run
D． lost hope
（2）Why did the author mention the P．E． class in his 7th year？　C　
A． To acknowledge the support of his teacher．
B． To amuse the readers with a funny story．
C． To show he was not talented in sports．
D． To share a precious memory．
（3）How was the author's first marathon？　A　
A． He made it．
B． He quit halfway．
C． He got the first prize．
D． He walked to the end．
（4）What does the story mainly tell us？　B　
A． A man owes his success to his family support．
B． A winner is one with a great effort of will．
C． Failure is the mother of success．
D． One is never too old to learn．
【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲了作者在参加马拉松之前脚踝受伤，但仍然决心继续训练，作者回想起了七年级时的一次经历，体育老师认为他不适合运动，然而作者认为跑步是对自己的一种较量，而不是竞争或者是否是运动的．这是关于自己的身体和思想的一场考验，最终作者跑完了马拉松并得到了一枚奖牌，这告诉我们决心成为自己，向前迈进，摆脱羞耻和世俗标签，就会成功．
【解答】1． C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段"A month before my first marathon， one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks， leaving me only two weeks to train． Yet， I was determined to go ahead"可知，作者在马拉松前一个月尽管脚踝受伤，但是仍然下定决心继续跑步，由此可知答案选C．
2． C．推理判断题．根据上下文"I didn't do either well． He later informed me that I was" not athletic""可以推出作者没有运动天赋，因此答案选C．
3． A． 细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段中的"I was one of the final runners to finish． But I finished!"可知作者最终跑完了马拉松，由此可知答案选A．
4． B．主旨大意题．根据最后一段中的"Determined to be myself， move forward， free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签）"以及通过整体分析可知本文主要讲了作者在参加马拉松之前脚踝受伤，但仍然决心继续训练，作者认为跑步是对自己的一种较量，而不是竞争或者是否是运动的．这是关于自己的身体和思想的一场考验，最终作者跑完了马拉松并得到了一枚奖牌，这告诉我们决心成为自己，向前迈进，摆脱羞耻和世俗标签，就会成功，由此可知答案选B．
【点评】考查人物故事类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文章整体内容的把握以及细节的理解，做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确定答案．
　
18．（6.00分）
B
Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation （航空）Center
If you're looking for a unique adventure， the Space and Aviation Center（SAC）is the place to be． The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands﹣on tasks and lots of fun．
More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC， with many seeking employment in engineering， aviation， education， medicine and a wide variety of other professions． They come to camp， wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot， and they leave with real﹣world applications for what they're studying in the classroom．
For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章）． At Space Camp， trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets， learn about space tasks and try simulated （模拟） flying to space with the crew from all over the world． The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge． They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit（驾驶舱）of a variety of flight simulators． Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water﹣and land﹣survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a "downed" pilot．
With all the programs， teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task．
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18． Families can enjoy the experience together， too， with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7．
Stay an hour or stay a week﹣﹣there is something here for everyone!
For more details，please visit us online at www．oursac．com．

（1）Why do people come to SAC？　A　
A． To experience adventures．
B． To look for jobs in aviation．
C． To get a degree in engineering．
D． To learn more about medicine．
（2）To earn a Space Exploration badge， a trainee needs to　D　．
A． fly to space
B． get an Aviation badge first
C． study the principles of flight
D． build and fire model rockets
（3）What is the most important for trainees？　B　
A． Leadership．
B． Team spirit．
C． Task planning．
D． Survival skills．
【分析】本文属于广告类阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了个独特的冒险SAC，在这里受训者可以通过建造和发射模型火箭来获得他们的太空探索徽章．
【解答】1．A．细节理解题，根据第一段 If you're looking for a unique adventure， the Space and Aviation Center（SAC）is the place to be． 可知人们来到SAC是为了体验一个独特的冒险，故选A．
2．D．细节理解题，根据第三段 For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章）． At Space Camp， trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets， learn about space tasks and try simulated （模拟） flying to space with the crew from all over the world．可知受训者可以通过建造和发射模型火箭来获得他们的太空探索徽章，故选D．
3．B．细节理解题，根据第四段With all the programs， teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task．在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，故选B．
【点评】本文浅显易懂，各个小题都能在文中找到适当依据．只要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，就能顺利完成阅读．文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同．
　
19．（8.00分）
C

Plastic﹣Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year． Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans． So far there is no effective way to get rid of it， but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene， which accounts for 40% of plastics． The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours， and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams， or almost 3% of it． To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown， the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物） and applied it to plastic films． 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass﹣﹣apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs． Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017．
Federica Bertocchini， co﹣author of the study， says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food﹣beeswax﹣also allows them to break down plastic． "Wax is a complex mixture， but the basic bond in polyethylene， the carbon﹣carbon bond， is there as well， "she explains． "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond． "
Jennifer DeBruyn， a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee， who was not involved in the study， says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene． But compared with previous studies， she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting． The next step， DeBruyn says， will be to identify the cause of the breakdown． Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills． But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．"

（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study？　C　
A． They take plastics as their everyday food．
B． They are newly evolved creatures．
C． They can consume plastics．
D． They wind up in landfills．
（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn， the next step of the study is to　B　．
A． identify other means of the breakdown
B． find out the source of the enzyme
C． confirm the research findings
D． increase the breakdown speed
（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might　D　．
A． help to raise worms
B． help make plastic bags
C． be used to clean the oceans
D． be produced in factories in future
（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？　A　
A． To explain a study method on worms．
B． To introduce the diet of a special worm．
C． To present a way to break down plastics．
D． To propose new means to keep eco﹣balance．

【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是我们人类每年会生产大量的塑料，大多被掩埋在垃圾场，对海洋造成严重污染，至今还没有有效方法解决，但是一项新的研究表明大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解塑料．
【解答】1． C．推理判断题．根据文章第二段中的" Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene， which accounts for 40% of plastics．The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours， and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams"可知，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以消耗分解大量的塑料，因此答案选C．
2． B．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段中的"The next step， DeBruyn says， will be to identify the cause of the breakdown． Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？"可知，下一步将是确定分解的原因．它是由蠕虫本身或肠道微生物产生的酶发挥的作用，由此可知答案选B．
3． D．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段中的"But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic"可以推断出这种化学物质将来会在生产过程中使用，由此可知答案选D．
4． A． 写作目的题．通过整体内容可知这篇文章主要讲了一项关于蠕虫可以分解塑料的方法的研究，由此可知答案选A．
【点评】考查科教类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文章整体内容的把握以及细节的理解，做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确定答案．
　
20．（8.00分）
D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self﹣driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream， years away from materializing in the real world． Well， the future is apparently now． The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self﹣driving cars on public roads． The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self﹣driving cars， and for companies to operate driverless taxi services． California， it should be noted， isn't leading the way here． Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country． It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads． But however long it takes， the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities， for better or for worse， depending on how the transformation is regulated．
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars（and rightfully so），policymakers also should be talking about how self﹣driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams， cut emissions（排放） and offer more convenient， affordable mobility options． The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared．
Do we want to copy﹣ or even worsen﹣ the traffic of today with driverless cars？ Imagine a future where most adults own individual self﹣driving vehicles． They tolerate long， slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work， entertain themselves or sleep on the ride， which encourages urban spread． They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking． Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning， they send the self﹣driving minibus． The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport﹣﹣an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride﹣ hailing（叫车） services．
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol﹣powered private cars worldwide with electric， self﹣driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure （基础设施） and operations 40% by 2050． Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing． The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride﹣hailing services， considering the cost of self﹣driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology．
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car﹣controlled transportation system we have today． The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably． The car of the future is coming． We just have to plan for it．

（1）According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can　A　．
A． help deal with transportation﹣related problems
B． provide better services to customers
C． cause damage to our environment
D． make some people lose jobs
（2）As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？　D　
A． Safety．
B． Side effects．
C． Affordability．
D． Management．
（3）What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？　A　
A． Employed．
B． Replaced．
C． Shared．
D． Reduced．
（4）What is the author's attitude to the future of self﹣driving cars？　B　
A． Doubtful．
B． Positive．
C． Disapproving．
D． Sympathetic．
【分析】本文讲述无人驾驶汽车的时代就要到来，讲述了它的优缺点，我们应该如何去管理无人驾驶汽车，让它更好地服务于人类．
【解答】CDDB
1． A，事实细节题，根据第二段policymakers also should be talking about how self﹣driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams， cut emissions（排放） and offer more convenient， affordable mobility options． The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared．但政策制定者也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何有助于减少交通拥堵、减少排放，并提供更方便、更实惠的出行选择．无人驾驶车辆的到来是一个机会来确保这些车辆环保和更多的共享．"，可知选A．
2． D，推理判断题，根据第一段for better or for worse， depending on how the transformation is regulated．是好是坏，这取决于这种转变的调控方式．可知D选项正确：作者担心的是管理．
3． A，词义猜测题，根据后面的句子 But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology．但无人驾驶汽车的拥有率可能会随着价格的下降和越来越多的人对这项技术感到满意而增加．和前面的句子是转折关系，所以可知前面是说"考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，第一批可用的无人驾驶汽车几乎可以肯定是由专车服务的，"，所以选A．
4． B，考查推理判断题，根据第一段：the future is apparently now，未来很明显是指现在，和根据最后一段： The car of the future is coming． We just have to plan for it未来的汽车就要来了．我们只需要计划一下．，可知作者的态度是肯定的．所以选B．
【点评】考查科教类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文章整体内容的把握以及细节的理解，做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确定答案．
　
第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．
21．（10.00分）
Why Do We Get Angry？
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it， but the causes of anger are various． Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits． The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），and our assessment of situations． （1）　F　
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages． However， here are some examples： being cut off in traffic， a deadline approaching， experiencing physical pain， and much more．（2）　G　 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits．
Each person， no matter who they are， has psychological imbalances． People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry．（3）　E　 Also， sometimes pre﹣anger does not have to do with a lasting condition， but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred．
（4）　A　Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre﹣anger， or anger itself． Sometimes ignorance and negative （消极的）outlooks on situations can create anger．
（5）　D　 However， anger can easily turn violent， and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence． With these main reasons in mind， we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings．

A． Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well．
B． But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．
C． Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait， and is usually advised to reduce it．
D． Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．
E． Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state， where anger is in the background of your mind．
F． Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye．
G． Not everyone acts the same in response to events， and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．
【分析】本文属于说明文，讲述的是我们为什么会生气，主要原因有触发事件、人格特征和我们对情况的判断等，因此理解这些原因我们就能更好地控制我们自己的愤怒情绪．
【解答】FGEAD
1． F．考查上下文推理能力．根据上文 The main reasons we get angry are triggering events， personality traits， and our assessment of situations 可知，我们生气的主要原因是触发事件、人格特征和我们对情况的判断．F项意为"如果我们愿意用批判的眼光来评价自己，理解这些原因就能控制我们自己的愤怒"，承接上文，符合语境．故正确答案为F．
2． G．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits 可知，某人被某物和其他人触发的原因通常是由于某人的个人历史和心理特征造成的．故上文应为不同的人被触发愤怒的情况不同．G项意为"不是每个人对事件的反应都一样，这就是为什么触发一个人愤怒的事情可能会也可能不会触发另一个人愤怒"，引出下文，符合语境．故正确答案为G．
3． E．考查上下文推理能力．根据上文 People who have personality traits that conncct with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry 可知，拥有与竞争力相媲美的人格特质并且忍耐力差的人更容易生气．且下文也是对 pre﹣anger 的描写．E项意为"拥有这些个性特征意味着你正处于愤怒前的状态，愤怒正隐藏在你的头脑中"，承上启下，符合语境．故正确答案为E．
4． A．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre﹣anger， or anger itself． Sometimes ignorance and negativ（消极的） outlooks on situations can create anger 可知，有时甚至是常规事件也会成为愤怒的前兆或愤怒本身．有时候，无知和消极的前景也会导致愤怒．A项意为"我们对不同情况的态度和观点也会使我们心中产生愤怒"，引出下文，且与第一段最后一句中的 assessment of situations 对应，符合语境．故正确答案为A．
5． D．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文 However， anger can easily turn violent， and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence 可知，愤怒很容易变成暴力，最好知道愤怒出现的原因以防止愤怒出现．D项意为"愤怒是一种特别强烈的感觉，也许人们认为他们有理由感到愤怒"，与下文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合语境．故正确答案为D．
【点评】七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子．解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子．
　
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）
22．（10.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学．他向你咨询相关信息．请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．推荐他上哪所大学；
3．建议他做哪些准备工作．
注意：
1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．
Dear Jim，
　I am very glad to know that you are coming to attend university in Beijing next year．（表示欢迎） Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture， I recommend Peking University for you， which is one of the best universities in China．【高分句型一】Not only because it hasthe best historymajor in China， but also because of its strong traditional Chinese culture atmosphere．．【高分句型二】 To be admitted into it， you should sign up on line ahead of time， and hand in your application as well as your high school diploma．（推荐他上哪所大学；建议他做哪些准备工作）
I have attached the enrollment prospectus at the end of the letter． If you still have questions， you can visit their website directly．（随信附上北京大学的联系方式）
Looking forward to meeting you here soon．（期盼见面）　
Yours，
Li Hua
【分析】这是李华给英国朋友Jim一封信．根据题目要求可知用第一人称，时态以一般现在时态为主．
高分句型
1．Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture， I recommend Peking University for you， which is one of the best universities in China．句子里Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture是现在分词做伴随状语； 代指先行词Peking University ， which引导定语从句 is one of the best universities in China．
我知道你对中国文化感兴趣，我推荐北京大学给你，这是中国最好的大学之一．
2． Not only because it has the best history major in China， but also because of its strong traditional Chinese culture atmosphere．句子里Not only…but also 表示"不但…而且"．
不仅因为它在中国有很好的历史课程，而且因为它有很浓厚的中国传统文化．
【解答】Dear Jim，
I am very glad to know that you are coming to attend university in Beijing next year．（表示欢迎） Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture， I recommend Peking University for you， which is one of the best universities in China．【高分句型一】Not only because it has the best history major in China， but also because of its strong traditional Chinese culture atmosphere．．【高分句型二】 To be admitted into it， you should sign up on line ahead of time， and hand in your application as well as your high school diploma．（推荐他上哪所大学；建议他做哪些准备工作）
I have attached the enrollment prospectus at the end of the letter． If you still have questions， you can visit their website directly．（随信附上北京大学的联系方式）
Looking forward to meeting you here soon．（期盼见面）
Yours
Li Hua
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．
　
第二节（20分）
23．（25.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程．
注意：词数不少于60．

　Last week，we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture， which turned out to be extremely rewarding．
On arriving at the tea house ， the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups． I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture， including its profound history， its rich variety， and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea． With their interest greatly sparked， I then began to teach them how to make tea．
In order to deliver a clear presentation ， I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail． Absorbed in every move of mine， the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn't help taking pictures from time to time．
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves． Washing the tea pots， adding tea leaves， and pouring water into the cups ， they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture． The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us．
At the end of the activity ， holding the tea bags in our hands， we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day． It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value． And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world．　
【分析】高分句型：
句型一：
Last week，we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture， which turned out to be extremely rewarding．上周，我带领外国学生到我们学校体验中国真正的茶文化，这次活动真的非常有益．
此处是关系代词"which"引导的非限制性定语从句，"which"指代前面整个主句的内容．

句型二：
Absorbed in every move of mine， the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn't help taking pictures from time to time． 外国学生被（我介绍的）茶文化深深吸引，惊叹于这独特的茶文化，他们忍不住时不时地拍照．
此处结构为过去分词短语"Absorbed in every move of mine"作原因状语，表状态，主句为"the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn't help taking pictures from time to time"，短语"be absorbed in…"意为"沉浸在…"．
【解答】Last week，we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture， which turned out to be extremely rewarding．【高分句型一】（开头引出话题﹣﹣承上启下）
On arriving at the tea house ， the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups． I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture， including its profound history， its rich variety， and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea． With their interest greatly sparked， I then began to teach them how to make tea．（介绍茶文化相关历史，外国学生兴趣被激发）
In order to deliver a clear presentation ， I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail． Absorbed in every move of mine， the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn't help taking pictures from time to time．【高分句型二】（介绍泡茶的过程，外国学生惊叹拍照）
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves． Washing the tea pots， adding tea leaves， and pouring water into the cups ， they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture． The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us．（介绍泡茶的过程，外国学生惊叹拍照）
At the end of the activity ， holding the tea bags in our hands， we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day． It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value． And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world．（拍照留念，进一步传播茶文化）
【点评】提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型．