精品解析：贵州省遵义市部分高中2022-2023学年高二下学期期中联考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：贵州省遵义市部分高中2022-2023学年高二下学期期中联考英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了15等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022～2023学年下学期高二期中考试试卷
英语
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Doctor and patient. B. Professor and student. C. Fellow workers.
2. Where does the man want to go?
A. To the Donghu Park. B. To the History Museum. C. To the City Library.
3. Why does the woman prefer to go to Shanghai by car?
A It is convenient. B. It is cheap. C. It is fast.
4. How many words does the man learn each week?
A. Fifteen. B. Ten. C. Six.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. A classmate. B. A workmate. C. A neighbor.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did the woman start to play the piano?
A. At 5 years old. B. At 11 years old. C. At 16 years old.
7. Why did the man play a lot of sports?
A. He never liked the guitar.
B. He preferred playing sports.
C. He didn’t have an instrument.
听第7段材料，回答第8，9题。
8. Why is the woman flying to New York?
A. To give a report. B. To meet a customer. C. To attend an exhibition.
9. Where will Paul go first?
A. The coffee shop. B. The home office. C. Mr. Smith’s house.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where is the man going to have dinner on Friday night?
A. At a restaurant. B. At his sister’s place. C. At his mother’s place.
11. When did the man’s sister move out?
A. During high school.
B. Right after high school.
C. In her second year of college.
12. How often does the man usually see his sister?
A. About once a week. B. About once a month. C. About once a year.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. In which year did the man start to volunteer?
A. 2014. B. 2020. C. 2015.
14. What is the reason for the man to choose to volunteer after retirement?
A. Putting his experience and knowledge to use.
B. Finding a good way to kill time.
C. Developing a new hobby.
15. What volunteer job is the man doing now?
A. Being a guide.
B. Offering food to the homeless.
C. Teaching in local schools.
16. What does the man gain from volunteering?
A. A sense of purpose. B. Free education. C. Love for life.
听第10段材料，回答第l7至20题。
17. What might the speaker be?
A. A resident. B. A fire fighter. C. A news reporter.
18. Where did the fire start?
A. From a park.
B. From a store.
C. From an apartment building.
19. When did the fire happen?
A. Early last night. B. Late last night. C. An hour ago.
20. How did the people of Battery Park sound?
A. Surprised. B. Calm. C. Frightened.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to La Tomatina!
La Tomatina is a food fight festival held on the last Wednesday of August each year in the town of Bunol near to Valencia in Spain. Thousands upon thousands of people make their way from all corners of the world to fight in this world’s biggest food fight festival where more than one hundred metric tons of tomatoes are thrown in the streets.
What Happens at La Tomatina
At around 11 am, many trucks transport tomatoes into the centre of the town, Plaza del Pueblo. The signal for the beginning of the fight is firing of water cannons (水炮). Once it begins, the battle is generally every man for himself.
The fight lasts for nearly two hours. The cleaning process includes the use of fire trucks to spray down the streets. The authorities seem more concerned with cleaning the town that is a mess than cleaning the visitors, so some people find water at the Bunol River to wash themselves.
The Rules of La Tomatina
•Don’t bring bottles or hard objects as they can cause accidents and hurt other participants.
•Don’t tear others’ T-shirts
•You must crush (压碎) the tomatoes before throwing to reduce the impact.
•When you hear the second shot, no more tomatoes can be thrown, otherwise there will be fines.
Useful Advice
•Wear old clothes and shoes that you do not mind throwing away afterwards.
•Ensure you always have something clean to wipe your eyes with. You may find goggles (护目镜) useful.
•If you’re planning to take pictures, bring a waterproof camera!
•If you aren’t from Bunol, don’t forget to look for accommodation in advance.
Warning
Remember that you must have a ticket! No ticket, no entry. For more information about the official entry tickets, click here!
1. What are the participants supposed to do at La Tomatina?
A. Clean the streets. B. Wash themselves.
C. Fight through teamwork. D. Bring their own tomatoes.
2. What is forbidden during the festival event?
A. The use of hard objects. B. The fight between people.
C. The use of crushed tomatoes. D. The touch with others’ T-shirts.
3. What is a must for a person to join in La Tomatina?
A. Wearing clean and formal clothes. B. Checking in a hotel ahead of time.
C. Getting the admission to the event. D. Bringing a good waterproof camera.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了西班牙的一个特别的节日——西红柿大战。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Happens at La Tomatina部分介绍中的第二段最后一句“The authorities seem more concerned with cleaning the town that is a mess than cleaning the visitors, so some people find water at the Bunol River to wash themselves.(当局似乎更关心清洁这个混乱的小镇，而不是清洁游客，所以一些人在布诺尔河找水洗澡)”可知，游客要自行去河边清洗自己。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Rules of La Tomatina部分介绍中的第一条“Don’t bring bottles or hard objects as they can cause accidents and hurt other participants.(不要携带瓶子或硬物，因为它们可能导致事故并伤害其他参与者)”可知，节日期间禁止使用硬物。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Warning中“Remember that you must have a ticket! No ticket, no entry.(记住，你必须有一张票！没有票就进不去)”可知，你必须要有门票，没有门票就不准进入。故选C项。
B
Every day, there are 25, 000 flights in America. Accidents are so rare that flying is much safer than car travel. But that doesn’t stop many people from panic when they are moving at 500 miles per hour, 33, 000 feet above the ground. Not being at the controls makes us feel a bit helpless. When the negative thoughts begin to swirl (打旋), even in a very safe place, we will suddenly feel panic.
That’s what happened recently to a woman flying on a commercial airline. Many of us can go along doing ordinary things and suddenly be overcome with fear. The physical symptoms are real, and it requires a calming force to steady our emotions. In panic mode, every sound and movement feels like a threat. The passengers responded accordingly, jumping at every sound and the slightest turbulence (骚乱).
Floyd Dean - Shannon noticed a woman’s distress. As a flight attendant, he has plenty to do during a flight. But he stopped and spoke comfortingly to the woman. Floyd calmly explained what the noise was and that it was normal. As the woman began to calm down a bit, Floyd sat down in the aisle beside her and held her hand. He told her she was safe. He made her feel safe. He sat with her through the entire flight. At one point, Floyd learned it was another passenger’s birthday, so he led the plane in a song to celebrate — another way of making the woman feel safe by distracting her from her fears. He stayed by the woman’s side until it was time to land.
We all have friends who become distressed, who over worry, who may struggle with some difficulties that keep them from enjoying life. Like Floyd, we can be open enough to see, and to be there. We don’t have to be professional counselors; we just need to be friends.
4. Why do some people feel fearful when on a flight?
A. They have a negative memory. B. There are 25,000 flights at the same time.
C. There are more plane accidents than car accidents. D. The speed and height make them feel helpless.
5. What does the underlined word “distress” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Anger. B. Worry. C. Surprise. D. Sorrow.
6. Which of the following words best describe Floyd?
A. Brave and sympathetic. B. Ambitious and determined.
C. Patient and considerate. D. Sensitive and modest.
7. What is the most suitable title for the text?
A. Overcoming fear sometimes requires a patient friend B. Why do we suddenly feel scared when flying
C. How should we deal with the sudden fear D. Airline travel is much safer than car travel in America
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了尽管乘飞机出行不是那么危险的事情，但是人们还是会不可避免地感到恐慌，这个时候我们需要友善耐心地伸出友谊之手来帮助他们。
4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But that doesn’t stop many people from panic when they are moving at 500 miles per hour, 33, 000 feet above the ground.(但当他们以每小时500英里的速度在离地面33000英尺的高空飞行时，这并不能阻止许多人的恐慌。)”可知，有些人在飞机上感到害怕是因为速度和高度让他们感到无助。故选D项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Floyd calmly explained what the noise was and that it was normal. (弗洛伊德平静地解释了那是什么声音，说那是正常的。)”可推知，该妇女是因为听到飞机上的噪音而产生“担忧”，所以划线词distress是“担忧”的意思。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As the woman began to calm down a bit, Floyd sat down in the aisle beside her and held her hand. He told her she was safe. He made her feel safe. He sat with her through the entire flight.(当那个女人开始平静下来时，弗洛伊德在她旁边的过道上坐下，握着她的手。他告诉她她很安全。他让她感到安全。他全程陪伴着她。)”可推知，弗洛伊德是一个有耐心和体贴的人。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了尽管乘飞机出行不是那么危险的事情，但是人们还是会不可避免地感到恐慌，这个时候我们需要友善耐心地伸出友谊之手来帮助他们，所以A选项“克服恐惧有时需要一个有耐心的朋友”适合用作文章标题。故选A项。
C
What if AI could interpret your imagination, turning images in your mind into reality? While that sounds like a detail in a science fiction, researchers have now accomplished exactly this. Researchers found that they could reconstruct highly accurate images from brain activity by using the popular stable diffusion (扩散) image generation model. The authors wrote that unlike previous studies, they didn’t need to train the AI models to create these images.
The researchers said that they first predicted a potential representation, which is a model of the image’s data, from fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) signals. Then, the model was processed and noise was added to it through the diffusion process. Finally, the researchers decoded (解码) text representations from fMRI signals and used them as input to produce a final constructed image.
The researchers wrote that a few studies have produced good reconstructions of images but it was only after training. This resulted in limitations because training complex models are challenging and there are not many samples to work with. Prior to this new study, no other researchers had tried using diffusion models for visual reconstruction.
In the past, we’ve seen other examples of how brainwaves and brain functions can create images. In 2014, a Shanghai - based artist Jody Xiong used sensors to connect sixteen people with disabilities to balloons of paint. The people would then use their thoughts to burst specific balloons and create their own paintings.
With the advancement of AI, more and more researchers have been testing the ways AI models can work with the human brain. In a January 2022 study, researchers at Radboud University in the Netherlands trained an AI network on fMRI data from 1, 050 unique faces and converted the brain imaging results into actual images. The study found that the AI was able to perform reconstruction. In the latest study, the researchers found that current diffusion models can now achieve high-quality visual reconstruction.
8. How did researchers make images from brain activity in the previous research?
A. By using generation model. B. By training AI models.
C. By reconstructing mind. D. By predicting people’s imagination.
9. Where are images’ data from?
A. The fMRI signals B. The diffusion text.
C. The processed model. D. The text representation.
10. Why do the researchers think their new study is meaningful?
A. Their training work is very challenging.
B. They’ve made training models less complex.
C. Nobody has reconstructed images by brainwaves.
D. They can reconstruct accurate images from brain activity.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Few researchers have used AI to make reconstruct images.
B. Scientists should do more to make high - quality reconstruction.
C. The AI models should be improved to work with fMRI data.
D. The AI contributes a lot to good visual reconstruction.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，通过使用流行的稳定扩散图像生成模型，他们可以从大脑活动中重建出高度精确的图像。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The authors wrote that unlike previous studies, they didn’t need to train the AI models to create these images.(作者写道，与之前的研究不同，他们不需要训练人工智能模型来创建这些图像。)”可知，研究人员在之前的研究中通过训练人工智能模型来制作大脑活动的图像。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers said that they first predicted a potential representation, which is a model of the image’s data, from fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) signals.(研究人员表示，他们首先从功能磁共振成像信号中预测了一种潜在的表征，即图像数据的模型。)”可知，图像数据来源于功能磁共振成像信号。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Researchers found that they could reconstruct highly accurate images from brain activity by using the popular stable diffusion (扩散) image generation model.(研究人员发现，通过使用流行的稳定扩散图像生成模型，他们可以从大脑活动中重建出高度精确的图像。)”可知，研究人员认为他们的新研究是有意义的是因为他们可以从大脑活动中重建准确的图像。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a January 2022 study, researchers at Radboud University in the Netherlands trained an AI network on fMRI data from 1, 050 unique faces and converted the brain imaging results into actual images. The study found that the AI was able to perform reconstruction. In the latest study, the researchers found that current diffusion models can now achieve high-quality visual reconstruction.(在2022年1月的一项研究中，荷兰内梅亨大学的研究人员用1050张独特面孔的功能磁共振成像数据训练了一个人工智能网络，并将大脑成像结果转化为实际图像。研究发现，人工智能能够进行重建。在最新的研究中，研究人员发现目前的扩散模型现在可以实现高质量的视觉重建。)”可知，从最后一段中可以推断出人工智能为良好的视觉重建做出了很大贡献。故选D。
D
Plastic waste is choking our planet. People are trying to help fix it by recycling, but their efforts aren’t going far enough. Even when plastic producers are held responsible and attempt to solve the problem, it doesn’t always go smoothly. Such has been the case for the company Torus Pak, which produces novel packaging for frozen meals on a large scale.
Like many other black plastic products, the Torus Pak packages used a carbon-based pigment (颜料). This pigment troubles the sorting technology which is used by many recycling facilities, so black plastic usually ends up being thrown away because the machines can’t identify it. Now the company is midway through the complex process of phasing out that pigment and switching that pigment to one that doesn’t use carbon.
But that doesn’t mean the problem is solved, for the recycling rate at the waste facility itself is not encouraging. Your discarded plastic may end up in a landfill even if you send it to be recycled. Worldwide, only about nine percent of all the plastic waste has been recycled, which amounts to less than 600 million tons out of over 6 billion. While one might assume the proportion of plastic being recycled is on the increase due to improved tech and increased public awareness of environmental protection, it’s actually become even lower in many places in recent years.
“The world wasn’t always flooded with single-use plastic products,” said Lisa Ramsden, senior plastic campaigner for Greenpeace USA. “We know how to live without them. We’ve just got used to a convenience culture that relies so heavily on them.”
The solution is obvious. To get out of this habit, we should stop using so much plastic, starting with many of the items we use just once for a few minutes. Companies need to shift toward using more refillable and reusable containers, and packaging made from materials that are less harmful to the environment. Governments must mandate (强制执行) such changes a goal we’re now finally inching closer to every day.
12. What is the problem with Torus Pak packages?
A. They are expensive for customers.
B. Their production process is complex.
C. Their pigment is hardly appealing.
D. They are hard to define recyclable.
13. What does the author mainly stress in paragraph 3?
A. The reason for recycling plastic waste.
B. The potential of recycling plastic waste.
C. The outcome of recycling plastic waste.
D. The objective of recycling plastic waste.
14. What is advised to solve the plastic pollution in the text?
A. Advancing recycling technology.
B. Reducing the use of plastic products.
C. Setting higher environmental goals.
D. Making some stricter relevant laws.
15. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Recycling fail to solve plastic pollution.
B. A company contributes a lot to recycling.
C. Great changes happen in recycling plastic.
D. Plastic pollution is increasingly worsening.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。回收塑料产品并不能从根本上解决塑料污染问题，本文提出了相应的解决办法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This pigment troubles the sorting technology which is used by many recycling facilities, so black plastic usually ends up being thrown away because the machines can’t identify it.”（这种色素给许多回收设施使用的分类技术带来麻烦，所以黑色塑料通常最终被扔掉，因为机器无法识别它）可知，这种颜料给许多回收设施使用的分类技术带来麻烦，因为机器无法识别它，即该色素通常很难被机器定义为可回收。故选D项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“But that doesn’t mean the problem is solved, for the recycling rate at the waste facility itself is not encouraging. Your discarded plastic may end up in a landfill even if you send it to be recycled. Worldwide, only about nine percent of all the plastic waste has been recycled, which amounts to less than 600 million tons out of over 6 billion. While one might assume the proportion of plastic being recycled is on the increase due to improved tech and increased public awareness of environmental protection, it’s actually become even lower in many places in recent years.”（但这并不意味着问题已经解决，因为垃圾处理设施的回收率本身并不令人鼓舞。即使你送去回收，你丢弃的塑料也可能最终被扔进垃圾填埋场。在全球范围内，所有塑料垃圾中只有约9%被回收利用，在60多亿吨中，这一比例不到6亿吨。虽然人们可能会认为，由于技术的进步和公众环保意识的增强，塑料回收的比例正在增加，但实际上，近年来，在许多地方，塑料回收的比例甚至更低）可知，作者在第三段主要强调回收塑料垃圾的结果。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The solution is obvious. To get out of this habit, we should stop using so much plastic, starting with many of the items we use just once for a few minutes.”（解决办法显而易见。为了改掉这个习惯，我们应该停止使用这么多的塑料，从我们一次只使用几分钟的许多物品开始）可推知，解决塑料污染问题的关键是人们尽可能少使用塑料产品。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Plastic waste is choking our planet. People are trying to help fix it by recycling, but their efforts aren’t going far enough. Even when plastic producers are held responsible and attempt to solve the problem, it doesn’t always go smoothly.”（塑料垃圾正在窒息我们的星球。人们正试图通过回收来帮助解决这个问题，但他们的努力还远远不够。即使塑料生产商被追究责任并试图解决问题，事情也并不总是顺利进行）可知，文章主要讲的是回收塑料产品并不能从根本上解决塑料污染问题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项.
Studying is important for numerous reasons, and getting good marks is not the primary one. When it comes to studying chemistry, many students consider the field is not important enough to be explored. ____16____
Believe it or not, chemistry is part of our everyday life. We encounter numerous principles of chemistry without even realizing it.____17____ Whenever you eat, drink, or even breathe air, certain chemical reactions occur in your body. And without chemistry, we would not be able to explain how these processes work.
____18____ Different tasks you complete when cooking involve various chemical reactions. Whether you are heating food, or mixing different ingredients (原料) together, you are observing various physical and chemical processes. Therefore, studying chemistry allows you to better understand how chemical processes work you cook food, enabling your cooking skills to the next level.
Product labels (标签) tell you everything you need to know. The part of the label that lists the ingredients is probably what you should be paying most attention to. But how do you know which ingredients are good and which not?____19____ By studying chemistry, you can not only read but also understand product label, of everything you may need to use in life.
While experiments are usually conducted in labs, you can also perform some fun experiments at home.____20____ As many of the household products you already own are made of certain chemicals, they can act as reagents (试剂) for the reactions. There are plenty of kid-friendly experiments that you can perform using the materials you already have.
A. The answer lies in chemistry.
B. However, the truth is the opposite.
C. Cooking itself is actually all about chemistry.
D. You can know how chemicals work as you cook it.
E. Many daily events are results of chemical reactions.
F. You may not realize how many chemicals you know.
G And you do not even need special chemicals for that.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. C 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了学习化学给我们的生活带来的益处。
【16题详解】
根据上文“When it comes to studying chemistry, many students consider the field is not important enough to be explored. (说到学习化学，许多学生认为这个领域不够重要，不值得探索)”以及后文“Believe it or not, chemistry is part of our everyday life. (信不信由你，化学是我们日常生活的一部分)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，指出事实并不像许多学生认为的那样，认为学习化学不重要。故B选项“然而，事实恰恰相反”符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据后文“Whenever you eat, drink, or even breathe air, certain chemical reactions occur in your body. And without chemistry, we would not be able to explain how these processes work. (无论何时你吃、喝、甚至呼吸空气，你的身体都会发生某些化学反应。如果没有化学，我们就无法解释这些过程是如何发生的)”可知，后文提到了化学反应无处不在，可见许多日常事件都是化学反应的结果。故E选项“许多日常事件都是化学反应的结果”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据本段内容“Different tasks you complete when cooking involve various chemical reactions. Whether you are heating food, or mixing different ingredients (原料) together, you are observing various physical and chemical processes. Therefore, studying chemistry allows you to better understand how chemical processes work you cook food, enabling your cooking skills to the next level. (烹饪时完成的不同任务涉及不同的化学反应。无论你是在加热食物，还是在混合不同的食材，你都是在观察各种物理和化学过程。因此，学习化学可以让你更好地理解烹饪食物的化学过程，使你的烹饪技能更上一层楼)”可知，本段主要说明了烹饪也涉及到化学，C选项Cooking对应后文中cooking。故C选项“烹饪本身就是一个化学过程”符合语境，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“But how do you know which ingredients are good and which not?(但是你怎么知道哪些食材是好的，哪些是不好的呢？)”可知，本句应为上文问题的答案，A项中的The answer与上文的提问呼应，同时下文继续阐述了The answer的具体内容。故A选项“答案在于化学”符合语境，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据后文“As many of the household products you already own are made of certain chemicals, they can act as reagents (试剂) for the reactions. (由于你已经拥有的许多家用产品都是由某些化学物质制成的，它们可以作为化学反应的试剂)”可知，后文提到拥有的许多家用产品都是由某些化学物质制成的，所以不需要特殊的化学药品了。故G选项“而且你甚至不需要特殊的化学药品”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m feeling pretty good right now, despite the fact that I suffered from dementia (痴呆) two years ago. I’ve always been ____21____ and this quality has benefited me a lot.
I joined the police force in 1978 when there were very few women in that ____22____. I had been working hard to ____23____ that I was no worse than a man. That accounted for why it was difficult for me to ____24____ when my health changed.
I had three strokes (中风) in my 50s, which ____25____ memory problems. I still tried to work part-time, but I kept having ____26____ blanks about important things. There was a morning when I had to sit on my bed for 15 minutes as I just couldn’t remember how to get dressed.____27____, I was diagnosed (诊断) with dementia later in 2017. Hearing the news, I ____28____ and cried for almost three months. It felt like a death sentence.
Thinking back, this indicates exactly the way we used to talk about dementia. People ____29____ to think that when you have dementia, you become a person unable to ____30____, sitting silent in a corner. Actually, this just isn’t the ____31____. Changing the way people think about dementia is something that I’m ____32____ in.
I feel the only way that we can change the ____33____ opinion about dementia is that people affected by the condition speak out, and I made it. People are always ____34____ when I tell them I have dementia and ____35____ when they see me lead a positive life and even give talks at events.
21. A. generous B. active C. selfless D. witty
22. A. profession B. program C. interaction D. campaign
23. A. realize B. complain C. inform D. prove
24. A. disturb B. blame C. adjust D. control
25. A. caused B. solved C. ignored D. encountered
26. A. contrast B. knowledge C. sample D. memory
27. A. In fact B. For example C. Worse still D. Most importantly
28. A. gave in B. broke down C. came up D. set off
29. A. guarantee B. promise C. pretend D. tend
30. A. chat B. operate C. drink D. float
31. A. excuse B. solution C. case D. point
32. A. experienced B. disappointed C. concerned D. engaged
33. A. genuine B. negative C. innovative D. distinct
34. A. shocked B. disappointed C. excited D. puzzled
35. A. frequently B. constantly C. especially D. normally
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者患了中风以后并没有觉得生活没有了希望，而是依然积极地面对生活。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直很活跃，这种品质让我受益匪浅。A. generous慷慨的；B. active活跃的；C. selfless无私的；D. witty风趣的。根据后文“this quality has benefited me a lot”以及上文“I suffered from dementia two years ago”可知，作者患了痴呆症，但一直很活跃，这种品质让作者受益匪浅。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我于1978年加入警察队伍，当时从事这一职业的女性很少。A. profession专业；B. program项目；C. interaction互动；D. campaign运动。根据上文“I joined the police force”此处指从事警察的职业，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直在努力证明我不比男人差。A. realize意识到；B. complain投诉；C. inform通知；D. prove证明。根据后文“that I was no worse than a man”可知，作者是女性，想要证明自己不比男人差，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么当我的健康状况发生变化时，我很难适应的原因。A. disturb打扰；B. blame责备；C. adjust调整；D. control控制。根据后文“when my health changed”指适应健康状况的变化，应用adjust to。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我50多岁时中风过三次，导致了记忆问题。A. caused造成；B. solved解决；C. ignored忽视；D. encountered遇到。根据后文“blanks about important things”可知，作者中风过三次，导致了记忆问题。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍然试着做兼职，但我总是对重要的事情记忆空白。A. contrast对比；B. knowledge知识；C. sample样本；D. memory记忆。呼应上文“memory problems”指对重要的事情记忆空白。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我在2017年晚些时候被诊断出患有痴呆症。A. In fact实际上；B. For example例如；C. Worse still更糟的是；D. Most importantly更重要地是。作者先是中风导致了记忆力下降，随后更糟糕的是，在2017年晚些时候被诊断出患有痴呆症。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：听到这个消息，我崩溃了，哭了将近三个月。A. gave in屈服；B. broke down崩溃，出故障；C. came up走近；D. set off出发。根据后文“and cried for almost three months”指作者情绪崩溃。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们往往认为，当你得了痴呆症，你就会变成一个无法聊天的人，沉默地坐在角落里。A. guarantee保证；B. promise承诺；C. pretend假装；D. tend打算。根据后文“to think that when you have dementia, you become a person unable to”可知，后文提到了人们的固有思维，倾向于认为得了痴呆症就无法聊天了。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们往往认为，当你得了痴呆症，你就会变成一个无法聊天的人，沉默地坐在角落里。A. chat聊天；B. operate操作；C. drink喝；D. float漂浮。根据后文“sitting silent in a corner”可知，人们认为得了痴呆症就无法聊天。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，情况并非如此。A. excuse借口；B. solution解决方案；C. case情况；D. point要点。根据上文“Actually, this just isn’t the”可知，此处是在否认上文人们的固有思维，认为痴呆症的人无法聊天，而事实上，情况并非如此。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：改变人们对痴呆症的看法是我所从事的工作。A. experienced熟练的；B. disappointed失望的；C. concerned担忧的；D. engaged从事的。根据上文“Changing the way people think about dementia is something that I’m”可知，改变人们对痴呆症的看法是作者所从事的工作，be engaged in表示“从事”。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得改变人们对痴呆症的负面看法的唯一方法就是让患有痴呆症的人说出来，我做到了。A. genuine真正的；B. negative消极的；C. innovative创新的；D. distinct不同的。根据倒数第二段可知人们对痴呆症有负面看法，认为无法聊天。故选B。
34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉他们我患有痴呆症时，人们总是很震惊，尤其是当他们看到我过着积极的生活，甚至在活动中发表演讲时。A. shocked震惊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. excited激动的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据后文“when I tell them I have dementia”可知，作者主动说自己有痴呆症，人们总是很震惊，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉他们我患有痴呆症时，人们总是很震惊，尤其是当他们看到我过着积极的生活，甚至在活动中发表演讲时。A. frequently频繁地；B. constantly持续地；C. especially特别；D. normally正常地。根据后文“when they see me lead a positive life and even give talks at events”可知，看到患有痴呆症的人过着积极的生活，甚至在活动中发表演讲，人们尤其震惊。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Food wasting is still on the increase worldwide currently. In the United States alone, grocery stores throw away ____36____ (billion) of pounds of food every year. Sometimes it’s because the food is nearing its sell-by date, even though that doesn’t mean it can’t be eaten. Other times, it’s ____37____ (simple) because the food is strange-looking, even though the food is in good condition. Whatever the reason is, there is more and more food waste in landfills, contributing greatly ____38____ the production of greenhouse gases.
In early 2016 in France, a law was passed to prevent food from ____39____ (throw) away by large grocery stores, as long as the food is still safe to eat. French stores can choose to donate it to charities such as food banks. The law makes ____40____ much easier for stores to donate their food since grocery stores ____41____ (large) than 4,300 square feet must sign contracts with food banks. Grocery stores ____42____ don’t follow the law must pay a heavy fine up to almost 4,000 dollars. This is a major step in helping reduce food waste and dealing with ____43____ (hungry) as well.
The law doesn’t stop there. In addition, it requires that French schools teach children about food waste and what they can do to help fix the problems ____44____ (bring) about by food waste.
France was the first country in the world to pass a law like this, and since 2016, it _____45_____ (become) a world leader in reducing food waste.
【答案】36. billions
37. simply 38. to
39. being thrown
40. it 41. larger
42. that##which
43. hunger 44. brought
45. has become##has been becoming
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了目前，世界范围内的食物浪费仍在增加。仅在美国，杂货店每年就扔掉数十亿磅的食物。2016年初，法国通过了一项法律，禁止大型杂货店扔掉食品，只要这些食品仍然可以安全食用。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：仅在美国，杂货店每年就扔掉数十亿磅的食物。由句意可知，此处为billions of为固定搭配，意为“数十亿的”，满足句意要求。故填billions。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：其他时候，这仅仅是因为食物看起来很奇怪，即使食物状况良好。根据句意可知，此处应用副词表示程度，意为“仅仅”作状语修饰整个句子。故填simply。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：不管是什么原因，垃圾填埋场里越来越多的食物垃圾，极大地促进了温室气体的产生。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语contribute to意为“有助于”，满足句意要求，所以此处为介词to的填入。故填to。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年初，法国通过了一项法律，禁止大型杂货店扔掉食品，只要这些食品仍然可以安全食用。介词后应用动词的ing动名词形式，同时，名词food和动词throw是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，此处应用动名词形式的被动式。故填being thrown。
【40题详解】
考查代词。句意：由于超过4300平方英尺的杂货店必须与食品银行签订合同，该法律使商店捐赠食品变得容易得多。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型sb make it adj for sb to do。其中it代替真正的宾语动词不定式，在句中作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。故填it。
【41题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：由于超过4300平方英尺的杂货店必须与食品银行签订合同，该法律使商店捐赠食品变得容易得多。根据句中的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填larger。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：不遵守法律的杂货店必须支付高达近4000美元的高额罚款。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词that/which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 Grocery stores，在从句中作主语成分。故填that/which。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是帮助减少食物浪费和解决饥饿问题的重要一步。分析句子可知，动词短语deal with后接名词作宾语。故填hunger。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，它还要求法国学校教育孩子们关于食物浪费的知识，以及他们可以做些什么来帮助解决食物浪费带来的问题。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词形式，动词短语bring about与其修饰的名词the problems为动宾关系，因此，此处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填brought。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：法国是世界上第一个通过此类法律的国家，自2016年以来，法国已成为减少食物浪费的世界领导者。根据句中的时间状语since 2016以及句意可知，该句应用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时都可以。故填has become/has been becoming。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你校英文报正在举行主题为“How I Got Through My Hard Time”的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 你的困境；
2. 你摆脱困境的方法。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
How I Got Through My Hard Time
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】How I Got Through My Hard Time
As a famous saying goes, “Life is not a bed of roses.” We will inevitably get caught in hardship in our life. And I am no exception.
As far as I remembered, there was a time when I had a hard time in learning physics, which depressed me for quite a while. Instead of giving it up, I refreshed myself and struggled to find a way out. To start with, I adjusted myself to living with the problem, and then more time and energy were devoted to repeatedly thinking and doing exercises. In addition, I tried to seek help from my teacher and classmates. Last but not least, I poured out my problem to my parents, from whom I got emotional support.
Eventually, all my efforts paid off and I made great progress in my physics. Facing adversity positively, we will be rewarded.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文参加校英文报正在举行主题为“How I Got Through My Hard Time”的征文比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
陷入困境：get caught in hardship→ get into trouble
不可避免地：inevitably→unavoidably
重新振作：refresh →bounce back
适应：adjust → adapt
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Facing adversity positively, we will be rewarded.
拓展句：If we face adversity positively, we will be rewarded.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Last but not least, I poured out my problem to my parents, from whom I got emotional support.（运用了from whom引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Facing adversity positively, we will be rewarded.（运用了现在分词充当条件状语）


第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day, Gina received a smartphone. But she didn’t know how to use it. So Gina went to her daughter’s house to ask her grandson, Josh, for help.
When seeing Josh, Gina asked him for help. “Sorry Grandma. I have to leave for baseball now,” Josh answered from the sofa, his eyes locked on his own phone. Then he stood up, took his baseball bag, and left. Over the next few days, Gina went to see Josh several times. However, Josh always had something to do, giving excuses such as going to the movies.
Gina finally understood Josh actually didn’t want to help her. She stopped asking him. She turned to some friends for help. Before long, she learned how to use her phone to read stories, communicate with friends, etc.
Later, on a Monday evening, Gina visited her daughter, Oona. They happily talked when Josh was making dinner. Suddenly, they heard Josh crying out. Oona rushed towards the kitchen. Gina followed and found Josh’s hands burned by hot water by accident. “Mom, I think we need to go to the hospital,” Oona said. “Yes, I’ll drive,” Gina said.
At last, the doctor said Josh would be fine after a few days, but his hands would be bandaged (用绷带包扎). Josh was also advised not to go to school for some days so he could rest and get better soon. Oona asked Josh’s best friend to tell him his homework.
On Wednesday, Josh was alone at home. His grandma came to help make lunch for him, because he couldn’t use his hands. While Gina was cooking, Josh wanted to check his homework. His friend had sent his homework assignment to his phone through emails and text messages. But Josh couldn’t operate his phone. He realized he had to ask his grandma to help him out.
And he suddenly remembered he had refused to help his grandma when she asked for help with her phone. He was regretful and afraid she wouldn’t help him. But he decided to have a try.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Grandma,” he finally said, standing before the kitchen,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then, Gina sent Josh’s homework assignment to his computer.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
“Grandma,” he finally said, standing before the kitchen. Gina turned around, looking at him expectantly. “Can you check my emails?” Josh asked. “Oh,” Gina hesitated. Josh lowered his head, guessing she’d refuse. But Gina cleaned her hands and walked towards him, smiling, “Sure. You need to get your homework, right? Let me see.” Gina picked up Josh’s phone and started searching around. She went to his email app and downloaded everything he needed to complete his homework.
Then, Gina sent Josh’s homework assignment to his computer. Before long, they started working together to complete Josh’s homework. They ate sandwiches during the process, and their afternoon passed rapidly. When they were done, Josh looked at his grandma regretfully. He thanked her and then apologized for his previous behavior. Gina looked at him with love, patted his head and forgave him. After that day, Josh never refused when she asked for help. He learned to respect and love his grandma, instead of being selfish.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述的是奶奶吉娜和孙子乔希互相求助的故事。吉娜不会使用智能手机，向孙子乔希求助，而乔希要去打棒球，拒绝了请求。后来乔希烫伤，吉娜照顾，乔希收到朋友发来的邮件和作业，需要求助奶奶，但他觉得曾经拒绝过奶奶，不好意思求助。从这件事上，他学会了尊重和爱他的奶奶，而不是自私。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘奶奶，’他终于站在厨房前说。”可知，第一段可描写奶奶接受乔希的求助。
②由第二段首句内容“然后，吉娜把乔希的家庭作业发到了他的电脑。”可知，第二段可描写乔希感谢奶奶的帮助，并对以前的行为表示歉意。
2.续写线索：求助——帮助——开心——感谢——道歉——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
拒绝：refuse /turn down
完成：complete /finish
寻找：search/look for/seek
情绪类
感谢：thanked /showing his appreciation/show his gratitude/be grateful
道歉：apologize/make an apology
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Gina turned around, looking at him expectantly.（现在分词作伴随状语）
[高分句型2]. When they were done, Josh looked at his grandma regretfully.（句中when引导时间状语从句）
[高分句型3]. She went to his email app and downloaded everything he needed to complete his homework.（句中使用省略关系代词的定语从句）
听力答案：1～5 CBAAB 6～10 ACCBC 11～15 BBCAC 16～20 ACBAC