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精品解析：陕西省西安市高陵区第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中质量检测英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：陕西省西安市高陵区第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中质量检测英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高陵一中2022—2023学年度第二学期高二年级期中质量检测
英语试题（卷）
第I卷 选择题
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1What does the woman want to buy?
A. Oranges and apples. B. Sweets and apples. C. Vegetables and apples.
2. Who is coming for tea?
A. Mark. B. John. C. Tracy.
3. Where is the man going to spend his Christmas?
A. In his brother’s. B. In his mother’s. C. In his sister’s.
4. Where does the man most likely live?
A. In Canada. B. In New York. C. In California.
5. Why are the kids in the woman’s yard?
A. To play baseball. B. In New York. C. To get their baseball back.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the woman want to go?
A. To Disneyland. B. To Shanghai University. C. To the Oriental Pearl Tower.
7. What will the speakers probably do next?
A. Cancel their flight. B. Call their neighbors. C. Order a taxi.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does the woman want to go home?
A. She isn’t feeling well. B. She needs to get something to eat.
C. She doesn’t want to attend the meeting.
9. What will the man do for the woman?
A. Drive her somewhere. B. Work on her project for her. C. Ask for a sick leave for her.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why was Jim unable to find Susan’s home
A. He hadn’t been told how to get there.
B. He forgot to bring the map Susan gave him.
C. He just spent thirteen minutes searching for her house.
11. What does Jim want Susan to do now?
A. Come and get him. B. Give him a new map. C. Tell him the direction again.
12. How will Jim go to Susan’s home?
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By bus.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Employer and employee. B. Doctor and patient. C. Husband and wife.
14. What’s the woman’s attitude towards the man’s idea?
A. Negative. B. Indifferent. C. Positive.
15. Why does the man think he should join the football team?
A. He was a professional player.
B. He used to play football very well.
C. It is organized by his neighborhood.
16. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Insist on his diet. B. Do more exercise. C. Join the football team.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What part of work does the speaker do on his own?
A. Writing dialogues. B. Developing programs. C. Listening to stories.
18. What did the speaker plan to be when in the secondary school?
A. A journalist. B. A basketball player. C. A violinist.
19. When did the speaker decide to work in the video game industry?
A. Before hurting his hand.
B. Before leaving university.
C. While studying in a film school.
20. What does the speaker love most about his job?
A. Working in harmony. B. Getting high salary. C. Winning many prizes.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As a student, if you’re considering getting a part-time job to earn pocket money during summer or winter vacations, here are some of the good choices.
Tutor
If you’re particularly good at a subject, you might be able to get paid for helping younger students get better grades. In many cases, it’s possible to make $15 to $20 an hour. Plus, with this job, you’re able to flexibly set your own schedule. It’s a good way for students to both earn money and take part in after-class activities.
Dog Walker
As more people are becoming pet owners, the need for people to provide care services for such animals increases. Better yet, the pay is on the higher side, with dog walkers making as much as $30 for a 30-minute walk. If you are an animal lover, a job as a dog walker is suitable for you.
Babysitter
Depending on how many kids you look after, you might be able to make $12 to $15 an hour for each kid. To get more work chances, get a first aid certificate(急救证书). Some community centers offer babysitting courses, and you can charge higher prices if you have such kind of certificate. With a driver’s license, you will be more competitive. But this is not necessary.
Lifeguard
If you’re a good swimmer, lifeguard can be one of the great part-time jobs available for you. At the beginner level, you might only make $9 to $10 an hour. Once you become more experienced, you could make up to $15 to $16 per hour. If you can be a lifeguard for more than a year or two, the increased money can be very satisfactory.
1. What is a must to be a tutor?
A. Joining in activities after class. B. Attending community courses.
C. Getting excellent subject grades. D. Being experienced at swimming.
2. What advantage should you have when you apply to be a babysitter?
A. Charging a much lower price. B. Knowing first aid acknowledge.
C. Being able to work for a long time. D. Enjoying spending time with animals.
3. How much might you make for three hours as a new lifeguard?
A. $30. B. $45. C. $48. D. $60.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四种适合学生在寒暑假期间从事的兼职。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tutor部分的第一句“If you’re particularly good at a subject, you might be able to get paid for helping younger students get better grades.(如果你特别擅长某一门科目，你可以通过帮助低年级的学生提高成绩来获得报酬)”可知，成为家教的必备条件是拥有优秀的学科成绩。故选C项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Babysitter部分的“To get more work chances, get a first aid certificate.(为了获得更多的工作机会，考取急救证书)”和“With a driver’s license, you will be more competitive.(有了证书，你会更有竞争力)”可推知，当你申请保姆时，考取急救证书懂得急救知识是你具备的优势。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Lifeguard部分的“At the beginner level, you might only make $9 to $10 an hour.(在初级阶段，你可能每小时只能赚9到10美元)”可知，新手救生员3小时的工资大约是27到30美元。故选A项。
B
For many years there’s been a debate about rewarding our children. Does it work? Is it effective?
Some people think we should establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard as a reward. Punishment is given out in much the same way, but it’s used when certain standards of performance, behavior, etc. have not been met. Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment, and work harder when promised a valuable reward. The problem is what happens when you aren’t around.
To develop responsible, self-disciplined (自律) kids, parents need to promote certain ideas. One of these ideas is that everyone joins in and helps in your family. Another idea is that there can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so. When a task is for a worthy cause (our family can enjoy the house more because I helped clean it), this message can have a big impact.
This is how we help our kids develop a sense of responsibility. When our children develop this responsibility, they’ll be more disciplined, and they’ll control their emotions better. When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce the sense of responsibility. We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them.
“Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,” said Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. “Good values have to be grown from the inside out.” Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time. The real rewards that your children receive will be their readiness for the complex and demanding world that waits for them—a world that rewards those who have learned the secrets of discipline and responsibility. So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.
4. According to the passage, when children are threatened with punishment, ________.
A. they may lose interest in their work B. they may appear to be well-behaved
C. they may change to another person D. the results will be worse than usual
5. The underlined part “the carrot” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________.
A. rewards B. aims C. apologies D. doubts
6. According to the passage, Alfie Kohn would agree that parents should ________.
A. never pay attention to the way their children do things
B. show their children how to behave by example
C. never punish their children
D. help their children establish good values
7. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Do you often reward your children?
B. Should parents reward their children?
C. When should parents reward their children?
D. What can parents reward their children with?
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了父母该如何奖励孩子的话题。并提出了父母应该帮助孩子设立正确的价值观。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment, and work harder when promised a valuable reward.”（当受到惩罚的威胁时，孩子们通常会变得更加尽职尽责，当得到有价值的奖励时，孩子们会更加努力学习。）可知，当孩子们受到惩罚的威胁时，他们可能表现得很乖。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中“When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce the sense of responsibility.”（当我们给孩子奖励时，我们减少了责任感。）以及划线单词句中“We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance…”（我们还创造了一些孩子，他们可能暂时表现得符合某种标准……他们不太可能继续表现下去。）可知，根据上文提到的rewards以及上下文句意关系可知，当给孩子奖励时，他们暂时表现得符合某种标准，但是当不给奖励时，他们不太可能继续表现下去，故可猜测，划线单词the carrot指的是“奖励”。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,” said Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. “Good values have to be grown from the inside out.” Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time.”（《奖赏的惩罚》一书的作者阿尔菲·科恩说：“奖惩可以在一段时间内改变行为，但它们无法改变做出这种行为的人。”“良好的价值观必须由内而外培养。”父母可以帮助他们的孩子培养一种共同的责任感和纪律感，这种责任感和纪律感会伴随孩子一生。）可知，阿尔菲·科恩同意父母应该帮助他们的孩子建立良好的价值观。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“For many years there’s been a debate about rewarding our children. Does it work? Is it effective?”（多年来，关于奖励孩子的问题一直存在争论。这有用吗？有效吗？）和最后一句“So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.”（所以，把那些闪亮的奖励留给自己，让你的孩子自己去寻找。）可知，这篇文章作者最终探讨的是家长是否该给孩子奖励。故文章最好的标题是“父母应该奖励孩子吗？”。故选B项。
C
When faced with the decision to get out of bed or have a few more minutes of sleep, which do you choose? Believe it or not, that decision could make a world of difference in the rest of your day.
About 85 percent of Americans use an alarm clock to wake up in the mornings, according to sleep researcher Till Roennenber. And while there are no official numbers on snoozing (打盹), a quick survey of social media makes it clear that hitting the snooze button is a popular pastime.
As to how the snooze button will affect your day, scientists have mixed opinions. Some scientists think people who hit the snooze button in the mornings are actually clever, creative and happy while some said that hitting the snooze button will ruin your life, or at the very least your day. "I feel that hitting the snooze button has got to be one of the worst things that ever happened to human sleep,” researcher Jonathan Horowitz said. "The chances of you ‘snoozing’ and actually experiencing a meaningful rest are close to zero.”
According to some sleep experts, when hitting the snooze button，you are in fact confusing your body and mind, and throwing yourself into a deep state of being sleepy. The body needs some time to wake up, so, when returning to what will be a light sleep for a brief period of time, you are putting your body back into a sleep mode before waking it again. At that point your body won’t know what it wants, resulting in a sort of half awaken state.
If you really want to take advantage of an alarm clock, the key is to form a healthy sleep cycle. Focus your efforts on getting enough sleep each night and waking up at the same time each day so that when your alarm goes off you feel rested.
8. What can we infer about hitting the snooze button from Paragraph 2?
A. People do it just for fun. B. It is a common practice.
C. People take it seriously. D. It is a bit childish.
9. What do some sleep experts think of hitting the snooze button?
A. It is meaningful in the long term.
B. It makes people become lazy.
C. It brings us a sense of satisfaction.
D. It affects our body and mind.
10. What’s the author’s suggestion on getting the best out of alarms?
A. Forming a good sleep habit. B. Trying to relax ourselves.
C. Making use of willpower. D. Using an extra alarm.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Ways to keep refreshed in the morning.
B. The snooze button and people's character.
C. Should you rely on the snooze button?
D. How to avoid the light sleep mode?
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。很多人习惯于早上设置闹钟，并在闹钟响起后再睡一会儿，文章讲述了这种做法的坏处，并给出了科学的作息方案。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“And while there are no official numbers on snoozing (打盹), a quick survey of social media makes it clear that hitting the snooze button is a popular pastime.”可知，根据社交媒体上的小调查，按下小睡按钮是很多人都有的习惯，与B选项含义一致。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“According to some sleep experts, when hitting the snooze button，you are in fact confusing your body and mind, and throwing yourself into a deep state of being sleepy.”可知，在一些睡眠专家看来，起床后小睡会迷惑身体和大脑，D选项“它会影响身体和大脑”含义一致。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“If you really want to take advantage of an alarm clock, the key is to form a healthy sleep cycle.”可知，作者给出利用好闹钟的建议是，养成健康的睡眠周期，与A选项“养成良好的睡眠习惯”含义一致。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。总览全文，主要围绕“snooze button”展开，文章先是引出了起床后小睡这种现象，继而引用专家和研究人员的观点指出其弊端所在，最后作者给出了合理的建议，C选项“你应该依赖小睡按钮吗？”切合主题，适合作为标题。故选C项。
【点睛】阅读理解中主旨大意题是重难点题型之一，其中标题判断是较为常见的一个类型，要求在阅读并理解表面文字的基础上做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等推断出作者索要表达的态度观点。为了能找出符合题意的一项，我们必须排除干扰项，一般干扰项包括以下几种类型：1.夸大事实型——对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理；2.无中生有型——捏造原文并不存在的信息；3.推理过头型——引申过度，使得结论过于绝对化。第4小题对于标题的判断中，A选项“早晨保持清醒的办法”，B选项“小睡按钮和人们的性格”，D选项“如何避免浅睡模式”都不能如实准确反映文章主题，由此也可以确定正确答案。
D
There’s a new AI bot: ChatGPT, and you’d better pay attention, even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence. The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can achieve.
ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习).
You can ask ChatGPT anything, like explaining physics, asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming help. Perhaps it’s not smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research phase. But when too many people hop onto the server, it overloads and can’t process your request. It just means you should try visiting the site at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it. If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access, there is an option for you. As of Feb. 1, 2023, OpenAI has aChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month.
However, ChatGPT can not replace Google. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence robot that provides solutions to your questions, but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible. ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day.
12. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT?
A. Its working theory. B. Its language model.
C. Its design inspiration. D. Its development process.
13. Why does the author list figures in paragraph 3?
A. To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B. To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C. To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D. To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
14. What is ChatGPT Plus intended for?
A. Guiding users to experience free services.
B. Giving users priority access during peak hours
C. Allowing net surfers to skip advertisements.
D. Helping researchers detect the failure of the system.
15. What is a limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google?
A. It may provide replies unrelated to the questions.
B. It can only update information at a fixed time
C. It needs longer to provide solutions.
D. It operates based on limited data.
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了ChatGPT的出现，市场反应，并对它的优点及弊端进行分析。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习). (ChatGPT会记住你对话线索，使用之前的问题和答案来告知它的下一个回答。它从互联网上的海量信息中获得答案。ChatGPT建立在OpenAI GPT-3家族的大型语言模型之上，并使用监督学习和强化学习进行了微调)”可知，本段描述了ChatGPT的操作使用，告诉我们它的工作原理。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years. (ChatGPT上线几天后，就有超过100万人在试用。UBS分析师Lloyd Walmsley在2023年2月估计，ChatGPT在1月份的月用户数达到了1亿，只用了两个月的时间，就完成了TikTok大约9个月和Instagram两年半的任务)”可知，本段所列数字显示ChatGPT非常受欢迎。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“As of Feb. 1, 2023, OpenAI has aChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month. (截至2023年2月1日，OpenAI推出了aChatGPT专业计划ChatGPT Plus，允许用户在高峰时段也能进行一般访问。这项服务的费用是每月20美元)”可知，ChatGPT Plus的目的是在高峰时段给予用户优先访问权。故选B项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day. (由于它的编程，ChatGPT的知识有限，但谷歌有无限的知识，每天都在更新)”可知，与谷歌相比，ChatGPT局限性是基于有限的数据进行操作。故选D项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Poetry Writing Tips for Beginners
Poetry is one of the oldest and most respected literary forms. It takes a certain style and skill with words to create a good work of poetry. Here are some easy-to-follow tips on writing poetry:
• ____16____
Before you start the writing process, you should make sure that you read as many great poems as possible. Take a glance at the works of Neruda, Keats, Whitman, and Dickinson to name a few of the greats. This does not mean that you should copy their work of course. ____17____.
• Choose a specific theme
Like any other type of literary work, your poem will need a specific theme. You can’t write a poem effectively if you don’t have a set theme. A theme will give your work both focus and a set goal.____18____. It could be about loss, love, hate, greed, etc. Your theme could also be about a very specific event in your life, such as your first love or a broken relationship.
• Read it aloud
During the writing process, it is important that you check how your poem sounds.____19____.However, it may sound awkward or lacking once you read it aloud. So take the time to read your work aloud. Read it aloud after each stanza (诗节). If you want to be more thorough, you could read it aloud to family and friends.
• Polish it up
After you have your poem critiqued (评论), now is the time to polish it up. Take their advice and make any changes to the wordplay or word usage. If you see any clunky wordplay in your work, try to smoothen them out. Remember that poetry should have a flow, an almost lyrical feel.
____20____.However, once you put these poetry tips for beginners into practice, you’ll be able to create quality poetry in no time.
A. Free your mind
B. Read great poems
C. It may seem perfect when you’re reading it
D. Your theme can be practically anything under the sun
E. Learning how to write poetry can be slow-going at first
F. It is still a very satisfying feeling to create great works of poetry
G. Think of them as references that will expand your horizons as a poet
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. D 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者为打算学习写诗的人提供了几个好建议。
【16题详解】
根据下文“Before you start the writing process, you should make sure that you read as many great poems as possible.(在你开始写作之前，你应该确保你读了尽可能多的好诗)”可知，这一段是建议在开始写诗前，要多读好诗。由此可知，选项B“Read great poems(读好诗)”和下文一致，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“This does not mean that you should copy their work of course.(当然，这并不意味着你应该抄袭他们的作品)”可知，此处是建议在读优秀的诗歌，但是不要复制抄袭。由此可知，选项G“Think of them as references that will expand your horizons as a poet(把它们当作参考，可以扩展你作为诗人的视野)”指出把读过的诗当做参考，拓展视野，和下文上文一致，符合语境。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“It could be about loss, love, hate, greed, etc. Your theme could also be about a very specific event in your life, such as your first love or a broken relationship.(它可能是关于失去、爱、恨、贪婪等。你的主题也可能是关于你生活中的一个非常具体的事件，比如你的初恋或破裂的关系)”可知，这一段作者建议选定主题，但是主题的范围特别广泛。由此可知，选项D“Your theme can be practically anything under the sun(你的主题可以是太阳下的任何东西)”也指明主题范围很宽，和下文一致，符合语境。故选D项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“However, it may sound awkward or lacking once you read it aloud.(然而，一旦你大声朗读，它可能听起来很尴尬或缺乏什么)”可知，这一段建议写完诗后要读出来听听。且这一句话用转折副词however“然而”与上文连接，说明上文应该是指出：所写的诗读起来感觉很不错。由此可知，选项C“It may seem perfect when you’re reading it(当你读它时，它似乎是完美的)”和下文存在转折关系，符合语境。故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“However, once you put these poetry tips for beginners into practice, you’ll be able to create quality poetry in no time.(然而，一旦你将这些针对初学者的诗歌技巧付诸实践，你将能够在短时间内创作出高质量的诗歌)”可知，此处作者指出只要认真按照本文提供的建议学习写诗，很快就能写出好诗。且这一句话用转折副词however“然而”与上文连接，说明上文应该是指出：最开始学写诗很难很慢。选项E“Learning how to write poetry can be slow-going at first(最开始学习写诗，可能速度会很慢)”和下文形成转折关系，符合语境。故选E项。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was 15, I joined an exchange student program. I was sent to Germany alone and lived with a host family. Many people might think how ____21____ this girl is! Well, the moment I decided to join the program, I didn’t ____22____ a lot. Actually, it was my curiosity that ____23____ me to say yes to this adventure. At first, I thought it would be a very nice and ____24____ trip, while the fact is that my lack of knowing how challenging this would be made it even more ____25____.
The first day I went to the local high school was a huge ____26____ for me. I thought that my special background would ____27____ many people who would come over to talk to me or even just to ____28____ me. However, the reality was that ____29____ came, and I remained alone for a very long time. Soon, I felt especially _____30_____, and I wondered why I had come to this _____31_____.
Had my mother and host family not _____32_____ me, I wouldn’t have recovered from the bad mood I found myself in. As soon as my host family found out that I had no _____33_____ in school, my host mom came and talked to me. She gave me some _____34_____ on how to make friends, such as _____35_____ a sports club and inviting my classmates to watch a movie.
_____36_____, all of the tips she gave me worked out! Finally, after three weeks, I made some good friends. She also told me that I could _____37_____ my culture to my classmates. Then, I started to prepare a PowerPoint and a short _____38_____ for my classmates.
My teacher gave me an hour to present it. To my astonishment, they all _____39_____ Chinese culture and had a good time listening to my introduction. After those experiences, I’ve learned that everything may be _____40_____ at first, but when I face a problem and try to solve it, I’m halfway to success.
21. A. brave B. calm C. careful D. beautiful
22. A. spend B. learn C. think D. hear
23. A. allowed B. drove C. begged D. invited
24. A. successful B. long C. smooth D. similar
25. A. boring B. enjoyable C. disappointing D. challenging
26. A. failure B. risk C. step D. chance
27. A. require B. attract C. encourage D. force
28. A. lead B. greet C. pick D. support
29. A. no one B. someone C. everyone D. anyone
30. A. tired B. comfortable C. lucky D. sad
31. A. club B. house C. country D. family
32. A. recognized B. chosen C. served D. helped
33. A. friends B. plans C. books D. relatives
34. A. training B. suggestions C. information D. demands
35. A. starting B. developing C. running D. joining
36. A. Undoubtedly B. Naturally C. Surprisingly D. Normally
37. A. connect B. introduce C. compare D. export
38. A. discussion B. interview C. conversation D. speech
39. A. loved B. protected C. studied D. spread
40. A. different B. interesting C. hard D. unfair
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者15岁参加了一个交换生项目，被单独送到德国，原以为自己会很受欢迎，作者遭到冷遇，在寄宿家庭的帮助下，作者交到了朋友，适应了那里的生活。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多人可能会觉得这个女孩有多勇敢！A. brave勇敢的；B. calm冷静的；C. careful认真的；D. beautiful美丽的。由上文的“When I was 15, I joined an exchange student program. I was sent to Germany alone and lived with a host family.( 15岁时，我参加了一个交换生项目。我被单独送到德国，与寄宿家庭住在一起)”可知，作者15岁只身前往德国求学，这是很勇敢的行为。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：嗯，当我决定加入这个项目时，我并没有多想。A. spend花费；B. learn学习；C. think思考；D. hear听见。由下文的“Actually, it was my curiosity that ____3____ me to say yes to this adventure.(事实上，正是我的好奇心……我答应了这次冒险)”和“my lack of knowing how challenging this would be (我不知道这会有多大的挑战性)”可知，作者没有料想到会遇到挑战，所以参加这个项目的时候作者只是因为好奇才参加的，并未多想。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，正是我的好奇心驱使我答应了这次冒险。A. allowed允许；B. drove驱使；C. begged请求；D. invited邀请。由下文的“my lack of knowing how challenging this would be (我不知道这会有多大的挑战性)”可知，作者没有料想到会遇到挑战，所以参加这个项目的时候作者只是在好奇心的驱使下才参加的。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我认为这将是一次非常愉快和顺利的旅行，但事实是，我不知道这会有多大的挑战性，这会使旅行变得更具挑战性。A. successful成功的；B. long长的；C. smooth顺利的；D. similar相似的。用“smooth”与上文的“nice”并列，与下文的“challenging”形成转折，表明事实并非作者想的那样愉快和顺利，反而充满挑战。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我认为这将是一次非常愉快和顺利的旅行，但事实是，我不知道这会有多大的挑战性，这会使旅行变得更具挑战性。A. boring无聊的；B. enjoyable愉快的；C. disappointing失望的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。由上文的“my lack of knowing how challenging this would be”和下文作者遭到冷遇可知，这次求学旅行因作者的失算变得更具挑战性。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我去当地高中的第一天对我来说是一个巨大的失败。A. failure失败；B. risk危险；C. step步伐；D. chance机会。呼应上文语境讲这次求学旅行很具挑战性，说明作者去当地高中的第一天是一场失败的经历。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为我的特殊背景会吸引很多人来和我交谈，甚至是来问候我。A. require需要；B. attract吸引；C. encourage鼓励；D. force强迫。呼应上文的“At first, I thought it would be a very nice and ____4____ trip(一开始，我认为这将是一次非常愉快和顺利的旅行)”讲作者认为这次求学之旅会很愉快和顺利，可得出作者会认为自己的特殊背景会吸引很多人来和自己交谈。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为我的特殊背景会吸引很多人来和我交谈，甚至只是来问候我。A. lead领导；B. greet打招呼、问候；C. pick挑选；D. support支持。该句与上文的“many people who would come over to talk to me”是递进关系，作者认为自己的特殊之处会吸引本地同学与自己交谈，甚至和自己打招呼。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：然而，现实是没有人来，我很长一段时间都独自一人。A. no one没人；B. someone某人；C. everyone每人；D. anyone任何人。由下文的“I remained alone for a very long time”可知，没人和作者进行交流。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，我感到特别难过，我想知道我为什么来到这个国家。A. tired疲倦的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. lucky幸运的；D. sad悲伤的、难过的。由上文的“I remained alone for a very long time”可知，没人和作者进行交流，作者感到难过。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，我感到特别难过，我想知道我为什么来到这个国家。A. club俱乐部；B. house房子；C. country国家；D. family家庭。呼应上文“When I was 15, I joined an exchange student program. I was sent to Germany alone and lived with a host family.( 15岁时，我参加了一个交换生项目。我被单独送到德国，与寄宿家庭住在一起)”讲作者只身来到德国求学。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我的母亲和寄宿家庭没有帮助我，我就不会从我发现的糟糕情绪中恢复过来。A. recognized认可；B. chosen选择；C. served服务；D. helped帮助。本句是虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，由下文的“I wouldn’t have recovered from the bad mood I found myself in”可知，真实情况是作者从糟糕情绪中恢复过来，可得出作者获得了自己母亲和寄宿家庭的帮助，故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的寄宿家庭发现我在学校没有朋友时，我的寄宿妈妈就过来和我聊天。A. friends朋友；B. plans计划；C. books书籍；D. relatives亲戚。由上文的“I remained alone for a very long time(我很长一段时间都独自一人)”可知，寄宿家庭发现作者在学校没有朋友。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给了我一些如何交朋友的建议，比如参加体育俱乐部，邀请我的同学看电影。A. training训练；B. suggestions建议；C. information信息；D. demands需求。呼应下文的“all of the tips she gave me worked out(她给我的所有建议都奏效了)”讲寄宿家庭给了作者一些如何交朋友的建议。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她给了我一些如何交朋友的建议，比如参加体育俱乐部，邀请我的同学看电影。A. starting开始；B. developing发展；C. running跑步；D. joining加入。由下文的“a sports club”可知，参加体育俱乐部是寄宿家庭给作者的交友建议之一。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她给我的所有建议都奏效了！A. Undoubtedly无疑地；B. Naturally自然地；C. Surprisingly惊人地；D. Normally正常地。由下文的“all of the tips she gave me worked out. Finally, after three weeks, I made some good friends.(她给我的所有建议都奏效了！三个星期后，我终于交了一些好朋友)”可知，作者在寄宿家庭的交友建议下，终于交到了朋友，这让作者感到惊讶。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还告诉我，我可以向同学介绍我的文化。A. connect连接；B. introduce介绍；C. compare比较；D. export出口。呼应下文的“To my astonishment, they all ____19____ Chinese culture and had a good time listening to my introduction.(令我惊讶的是，他们都……中国文化，听我介绍也很开心)”，寄宿家庭还建议作者向同学介绍自己的文化。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我开始为同学们准备PowerPoint和简短的演讲。A. discussion讨论；B. interview面试；C. conversation对话；D. speech演讲。由上文语境可知，作者要向同学介绍自己的文化，所以要准备PowerPoint和简短的演讲，开始展示。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，他们都热爱中国文化，听我介绍也很开心。A. loved爱；B. protected保护；C. studied学习；D. spread扩散。由下文的“had a good time listening to my introduction”可知，同学们听作者介绍得开心，说明他们都喜欢中国文化。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经历过这些之后，我明白了，一开始一切都可能很难，但当我面对问题并试图解决它时，我已经成功了一半。A. different不同的；B. interesting有趣的；C. hard困难的；D. unfair不公平的。由上文语境可知，作者一开始就历经失败的体验，没有朋友，说明万事开头难。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Students of a Xi’an senior high school brought joy to the elderly and brightened up their day by___41___(volunteer) at a local nursing home last weekend. The nursing home,____42____ (locate) on a housing estate, has more than 150 senior citizens, some of ____43____ are over 90 years old.
Though it was the first time many of the students ____44____ (participate) in a volunteer programme like this, they were eager to share various interesting ____45____ (topic) with the residents, such as how to use mobile phones and go online on the computer. After lunch the residents and the young volunteers amused themselves with art activities _____46_____ included Chinese painting and calligraphy. They enjoyed each other’s company so much _____47_____ Su Ming, 16, said he hoped to return to the nursing home regularly _____48_____ (spend) time with the seniors that he made friends with.
Wang Hong, the programme organizer, said, “_____49_____ (basic), I was concerned that the students and the senior residents wouldn’t get along easily, but it turned out to be the exact opposite. I can say that today’s activities _____50_____ (make) a big difference to the lives of the residents as well as the students.”
【答案】41. volunteering
42. located
43. whom 44. had participated
45. topics 46. which##that
47. that 48. to spend
49. Basically
50. have made
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西安一所高中的学生在当地一家养老院进行的志愿者活动。
【41题详解】
考查动名词。句意：上周末，西安一所高中的学生们在当地一家养老院做志愿者，给老人带来了快乐，让他们的一天变得更加愉快。根据介词by可知，此处用动名词形式作介词by的宾语。故填volunteering。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这家养老院位于一个住宅区，有150多名老年人，其中一些人已经90多岁了。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词作后置定语表示“位于”。故填located。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，介词of后应该用关系代词，又因为先行词citizens指人，所以用关系代词whom作介词of的宾语。故填whom。
【44题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：虽然这是许多学生第一次参加这样的志愿者项目，但他们渴望与居民分享各种有趣的话题，例如如何使用手机和上网。根据固定句型：it was the first time that sb./sth. had done可知，本句时态用过去完成时。故填had participated。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。因为本句中的提示词topic是可数名词，分析句意再根据上文的various可知，此处用复数名词形式。故填topics。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：午餐后，居民和青年志愿者们进行了包括中国画和书法在内的艺术活动。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词activities指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that来引导。故填which或that。
【47题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：他们非常喜欢彼此的陪伴，16岁的苏明说，他希望能定期回到养老院，和他认识的老年人在一起。分析句意再根据上文的so可知，此处用so…that句式，表示“如此……以至于”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to spend。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：活动组织者王红说：“基本上，我担心学生和老人相处不太好，但事实恰恰相反。”分析句式结构可知，此处用提示词的副词形式位于句首作状语修饰整个主句。故填Basically。
【50题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：我可以说，今天的活动对居民和学生的生活都产生了很大的影响。分析句意可知，今天的活动已经产生了影响，所以应该用现在完成时，又因为从句中的主语是复数名词，所以用have+过去分词。故填have made。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(ʌ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。.
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was child, my parents expected me to being a successful person with a well-paid job. Therefore, what I value most is a sense of achievement. Since my childhood, I have dreamed of being a doctor.
The idea occurs to me for the first time when I saw my grandfather to suffer from a severe headache. I thought if I am a doctor, I would ease his pain. Then as I growing up, I came across Lin Qiaozhi’s story. It was her perseverance and selfless devotion what strengthened my determination. Why not carry on her career? Undoubtedly, being a qualified doctor is far from easy.
I will study hardly and make non-stop efforts to pursue her dream and help people in need.
【答案】1.在child前加a
2.being → be
3.Therefore→ However
4.occur→ occurred
5.删除to suffer中的to
6.am→ were
7.growing→ grew
8.what→ that
9.hardly→ hard
10.her→ my
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者梦想努力成为一名医生的故事。
【详解】1.考查名词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我的父母希望我成为一个有高薪工作的成功人士。由child为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一个孩子”为泛指概念，结合child为首音节辅音单词，所以在child前加不定冠词a。故在child前加a。
2.考查动词不定式。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我的父母希望我成为一个有高薪工作的成功人士。分析句子可知，此处为expect sb to do“期待某人做某事”，为动词不定式作宾语补足语。故将being改为be。
3.考查副词。句意：然而，我最看重的是成就感。分析上下句句意可知，此处为副词However“然而”表示转折，符合句意逻辑关系。故将Therefore 改为However。
4.考查动词时态。句意：我第一次想到这个主意是在我看到我祖父头痛得厉害的时候。根据从句动词saw可知，此处主句谓语动词也应为一般过去时。故将occur改为occurred。
5.动词短语。句意：我第一次想到这个主意是在我看到我祖父头痛得厉害的时候。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语see sb do sth“看到某人做过某事”为整个事情的过程。故删除to。
6.考查虚拟语气。句意：我想如果我是医生，我就能减轻他的痛苦。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟语气用法，根据句意可知，此处为对将来事实相反的假设，从句应为过去时。故将am改为were。
7.考查动词时态。句意：后来长大了，我读到了林巧稚的故事。分析句子可知，该句为as引导的时间状语从句，由主句动词came across可知，此处从句谓语动词也应为过去时。故将growing改为grew。
8.考查强调句型。句意：是她的坚韧不拔和无私奉献坚定了我的决心。分析句子可知，该句为it was…that…的强调句型，被强调部分her perseverance and selfless devotion为句子的主语成分。故将what改为that。
9.考查副词。句意：我会努力学习，努力追求自己的梦想，帮助需要帮助的人。此处为副词hard“努力”修饰动词study，hardly为“几乎不”的意思，与句意不符。故将hardly改为hard。
10.考查代词。句意：我会努力学习，努力追求自己的梦想，帮助需要帮助的人。根据句意以及前面的主语I可知，此处为代词偷换人称，应该为“追求我的梦想”符合句意。故将her改为my。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 最近，你校英文报社面向学生征稿，主题为“我帮父母做家务”，请你根据以下要点将上周末帮父母做家务的情况写成一篇文章投稿。
1. 帮忙的原因；
2. 帮忙的内容（整理房间、拖地、做饭等）；
3. 你的感想。
注意：1. 词数：120字左右；2. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；3.题目已给出。
Helping Parents with Housework
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Helping Parents with Housework
Seeing that my parents were occupied with their work and looked exhausted during the weekdays, I felt that they deserved a good rest. Therefore, I made up my mind to help them with housework last Sunday.
Finding each room in our house was in a mess, I couldn’t wait to make some changes. Several pieces of wet cloths were used to clean cupboards, desks, and chairs, which made it possible for each set of furniture to appear new. Meanwhile, books and toys thrown here and there were also put into proper places according to their types so that the room looked neat and tidy. After doing that, tired as I was, mopping the floor was considered a good chance for me to exercise physically, and as a result of taking the task seriously, it looked as if a big mirror appeared. When the lunchtime approached, what brightened me most was that I made dumplings successfully under my parents’ guidance, making me eat each mouthful of the dumplings with great enjoyment after they were cooked well.
Thanks to doing housework, not only do I realize how hard it is for my parents to look after me after a day’s work, but also I am convinced that I have the ability to perform my duty well as a family member! What a meaningful day!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属记叙文，要求考生将上周末帮父母做家务的情况写成一篇文章投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
困难的：hard→tough
疲惫的：tired→exhausted
机会：chance→opportunity
照顾：look after→take care of
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Meanwhile, books and toys thrown here and there were also put into proper places according to their types so that the room looked neat and tidy.
拓展句：Meanwhile, books and toys which had been thrown here and there were also put into proper places according to their types so that the room looked neat and tidy.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Several pieces of wet cloths were used to clean cupboards, desks, and chairs, which made it possible for each set of furniture to appear new. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] When the lunchtime approached, what brightened me most was that I made dumplings successfully under my parents’ guidance, making me eat each mouthful of the dumplings with great enjoyment after they were cooked well. (运用了when引导时间状语从句，what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句和after引导的时间状语从句)
高陵一中2022—2023学年度第二学期高二年级期中质量检测
英语试题（卷）
第I卷 选择题
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1What does the woman want to buy?
A. Oranges and apples. B. Sweets and apples. C. Vegetables and apples.
2. Who is coming for tea?
A. Mark. B. John. C. Tracy.
3. Where is the man going to spend his Christmas?
A. In his brother’s. B. In his mother’s. C. In his sister’s.
4. Where does the man most likely live?
A. In Canada. B. In New York. C. In California.
5. Why are the kids in the woman’s yard?
A. To play baseball. B. In New York. C. To get their baseball back.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the woman want to go?
A. To Disneyland. B. To Shanghai University. C. To the Oriental Pearl Tower.
7. What will the speakers probably do next?
A. Cancel their flight. B. Call their neighbors. C. Order a taxi.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does the woman want to go home?
A. She isn’t feeling well. B. She needs to get something to eat.
C. She doesn’t want to attend the meeting.
9. What will the man do for the woman?
A. Drive her somewhere. B. Work on her project for her. C. Ask for a sick leave for her.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why was Jim unable to find Susan’s home
A. He hadn’t been told how to get there.
B. He forgot to bring the map Susan gave him.
C. He just spent thirteen minutes searching for her house.
11. What does Jim want Susan to do now?
A. Come and get him. B. Give him a new map. C. Tell him the direction again.
12. How will Jim go to Susan’s home?
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By bus.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Employer and employee. B. Doctor and patient. C. Husband and wife.
14. What’s the woman’s attitude towards the man’s idea?
A. Negative. B. Indifferent. C. Positive.
15. Why does the man think he should join the football team?
A. He was a professional player.
B. He used to play football very well.
C. It is organized by his neighborhood.
16. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Insist on his diet. B. Do more exercise. C. Join the football team.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What part of work does the speaker do on his own?
A. Writing dialogues. B. Developing programs. C. Listening to stories.
18. What did the speaker plan to be when in the secondary school?
A. A journalist. B. A basketball player. C. A violinist.
19. When did the speaker decide to work in the video game industry?
A. Before hurting his hand.
B. Before leaving university.
C. While studying in a film school.
20. What does the speaker love most about his job?
A. Working in harmony. B. Getting high salary. C. Winning many prizes.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As a student, if you’re considering getting a part-time job to earn pocket money during summer or winter vacations, here are some of the good choices.
Tutor
If you’re particularly good at a subject, you might be able to get paid for helping younger students get better grades. In many cases, it’s possible to make $15 to $20 an hour. Plus, with this job, you’re able to flexibly set your own schedule. It’s a good way for students to both earn money and take part in after-class activities.
Dog Walker
As more people are becoming pet owners, the need for people to provide care services for such animals increases. Better yet, the pay is on the higher side, with dog walkers making as much as $30 for a 30-minute walk. If you are an animal lover, a job as a dog walker is suitable for you.
Babysitter
Depending on how many kids you look after, you might be able to make $12 to $15 an hour for each kid. To get more work chances, get a first aid certificate(急救证书). Some community centers offer babysitting courses, and you can charge higher prices if you have such kind of certificate. With a driver’s license, you will be more competitive. But this is not necessary.
Lifeguard
If you’re a good swimmer, lifeguard can be one of the great part-time jobs available for you. At the beginner level, you might only make $9 to $10 an hour. Once you become more experienced, you could make up to $15 to $16 per hour. If you can be a lifeguard for more than a year or two, the increased money can be very satisfactory.
1. What is a must to be a tutor?
A. Joining in activities after class. B. Attending community courses.
C. Getting excellent subject grades. D. Being experienced at swimming.
2. What advantage should you have when you apply to be a babysitter?
A. Charging a much lower price. B. Knowing first aid acknowledge.
C. Being able to work for a long time. D. Enjoying spending time with animals.
3. How much might you make for three hours as a new lifeguard?
A. $30. B. $45. C. $48. D. $60.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四种适合学生在寒暑假期间从事的兼职。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tutor部分的第一句“If you’re particularly good at a subject, you might be able to get paid for helping younger students get better grades.(如果你特别擅长某一门科目，你可以通过帮助低年级的学生提高成绩来获得报酬)”可知，成为家教的必备条件是拥有优秀的学科成绩。故选C项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Babysitter部分的“To get more work chances, get a first aid certificate.(为了获得更多的工作机会，考取急救证书)”和“With a driver’s license, you will be more competitive.(有了证书，你会更有竞争力)”可推知，当你申请保姆时，考取急救证书懂得急救知识是你具备的优势。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Lifeguard部分的“At the beginner level, you might only make $9 to $10 an hour.(在初级阶段，你可能每小时只能赚9到10美元)”可知，新手救生员3小时的工资大约是27到30美元。故选A项。
B
For many years there’s been a debate about rewarding our children. Does it work? Is it effective?
Some people think we should establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard as a reward. Punishment is given out in much the same way, but it’s used when certain standards of performance, behavior, etc. have not been met. Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment, and work harder when promised a valuable reward. The problem is what happens when you aren’t around.
To develop responsible, self-disciplined (自律) kids, parents need to promote certain ideas. One of these ideas is that everyone joins in and helps in your family. Another idea is that there can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so. When a task is for a worthy cause (our family can enjoy the house more because I helped clean it), this message can have a big impact.
This is how we help our kids develop a sense of responsibility. When our children develop this responsibility, they’ll be more disciplined, and they’ll control their emotions better. When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce the sense of responsibility. We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them.
“Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,” said Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. “Good values have to be grown from the inside out.” Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time. The real rewards that your children receive will be their readiness for the complex and demanding world that waits for them—a world that rewards those who have learned the secrets of discipline and responsibility. So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.
4. According to the passage, when children are threatened with punishment, ________.
A. they may lose interest in their work B. they may appear to be well-behaved
C. they may change to another person D. the results will be worse than usual
5. The underlined part “the carrot” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________.
A. rewards B. aims C. apologies D. doubts
6. According to the passage, Alfie Kohn would agree that parents should ________.
A. never pay attention to the way their children do things
B. show their children how to behave by example
C. never punish their children
D. help their children establish good values
7. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Do you often reward your children?
B. Should parents reward their children?
C. When should parents reward their children?
D. What can parents reward their children with?
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了父母该如何奖励孩子的话题。并提出了父母应该帮助孩子设立正确的价值观。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment, and work harder when promised a valuable reward.”（当受到惩罚的威胁时，孩子们通常会变得更加尽职尽责，当得到有价值的奖励时，孩子们会更加努力学习。）可知，当孩子们受到惩罚的威胁时，他们可能表现得很乖。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中“When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce the sense of responsibility.”（当我们给孩子奖励时，我们减少了责任感。）以及划线单词句中“We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance…”（我们还创造了一些孩子，他们可能暂时表现得符合某种标准……他们不太可能继续表现下去。）可知，根据上文提到的rewards以及上下文句意关系可知，当给孩子奖励时，他们暂时表现得符合某种标准，但是当不给奖励时，他们不太可能继续表现下去，故可猜测，划线单词the carrot指的是“奖励”。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,” said Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. “Good values have to be grown from the inside out.” Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time.”（《奖赏的惩罚》一书的作者阿尔菲·科恩说：“奖惩可以在一段时间内改变行为，但它们无法改变做出这种行为的人。”“良好的价值观必须由内而外培养。”父母可以帮助他们的孩子培养一种共同的责任感和纪律感，这种责任感和纪律感会伴随孩子一生。）可知，阿尔菲·科恩同意父母应该帮助他们的孩子建立良好的价值观。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“For many years there’s been a debate about rewarding our children. Does it work? Is it effective?”（多年来，关于奖励孩子的问题一直存在争论。这有用吗？有效吗？）和最后一句“So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.”（所以，把那些闪亮的奖励留给自己，让你的孩子自己去寻找。）可知，这篇文章作者最终探讨的是家长是否该给孩子奖励。故文章最好的标题是“父母应该奖励孩子吗？”。故选B项。
C
When faced with the decision to get out of bed or have a few more minutes of sleep, which do you choose? Believe it or not, that decision could make a world of difference in the rest of your day.
About 85 percent of Americans use an alarm clock to wake up in the mornings, according to sleep researcher Till Roennenber. And while there are no official numbers on snoozing (打盹), a quick survey of social media makes it clear that hitting the snooze button is a popular pastime.
As to how the snooze button will affect your day, scientists have mixed opinions. Some scientists think people who hit the snooze button in the mornings are actually clever, creative and happy while some said that hitting the snooze button will ruin your life, or at the very least your day. "I feel that hitting the snooze button has got to be one of the worst things that ever happened to human sleep,” researcher Jonathan Horowitz said. "The chances of you ‘snoozing’ and actually experiencing a meaningful rest are close to zero.”
According to some sleep experts, when hitting the snooze button，you are in fact confusing your body and mind, and throwing yourself into a deep state of being sleepy. The body needs some time to wake up, so, when returning to what will be a light sleep for a brief period of time, you are putting your body back into a sleep mode before waking it again. At that point your body won’t know what it wants, resulting in a sort of half awaken state.
If you really want to take advantage of an alarm clock, the key is to form a healthy sleep cycle. Focus your efforts on getting enough sleep each night and waking up at the same time each day so that when your alarm goes off you feel rested.
8. What can we infer about hitting the snooze button from Paragraph 2?
A. People do it just for fun. B. It is a common practice.
C. People take it seriously. D. It is a bit childish.
9. What do some sleep experts think of hitting the snooze button?
A. It is meaningful in the long term.
B. It makes people become lazy.
C. It brings us a sense of satisfaction.
D. It affects our body and mind.
10. What’s the author’s suggestion on getting the best out of alarms?
A. Forming a good sleep habit. B. Trying to relax ourselves.
C. Making use of willpower. D. Using an extra alarm.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Ways to keep refreshed in the morning.
B. The snooze button and people's character.
C. Should you rely on the snooze button?
D. How to avoid the light sleep mode?
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。很多人习惯于早上设置闹钟，并在闹钟响起后再睡一会儿，文章讲述了这种做法的坏处，并给出了科学的作息方案。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“And while there are no official numbers on snoozing (打盹), a quick survey of social media makes it clear that hitting the snooze button is a popular pastime.”可知，根据社交媒体上的小调查，按下小睡按钮是很多人都有的习惯，与B选项含义一致。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“According to some sleep experts, when hitting the snooze button，you are in fact confusing your body and mind, and throwing yourself into a deep state of being sleepy.”可知，在一些睡眠专家看来，起床后小睡会迷惑身体和大脑，D选项“它会影响身体和大脑”含义一致。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“If you really want to take advantage of an alarm clock, the key is to form a healthy sleep cycle.”可知，作者给出利用好闹钟的建议是，养成健康的睡眠周期，与A选项“养成良好的睡眠习惯”含义一致。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。总览全文，主要围绕“snooze button”展开，文章先是引出了起床后小睡这种现象，继而引用专家和研究人员的观点指出其弊端所在，最后作者给出了合理的建议，C选项“你应该依赖小睡按钮吗？”切合主题，适合作为标题。故选C项。
【点睛】阅读理解中主旨大意题是重难点题型之一，其中标题判断是较为常见的一个类型，要求在阅读并理解表面文字的基础上做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等推断出作者索要表达的态度观点。为了能找出符合题意的一项，我们必须排除干扰项，一般干扰项包括以下几种类型：1.夸大事实型——对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理；2.无中生有型——捏造原文并不存在的信息；3.推理过头型——引申过度，使得结论过于绝对化。第4小题对于标题的判断中，A选项“早晨保持清醒的办法”，B选项“小睡按钮和人们的性格”，D选项“如何避免浅睡模式”都不能如实准确反映文章主题，由此也可以确定正确答案。
D
There’s a new AI bot: ChatGPT, and you’d better pay attention, even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence. The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can achieve.
ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习).
You can ask ChatGPT anything, like explaining physics, asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming help. Perhaps it’s not smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research phase. But when too many people hop onto the server, it overloads and can’t process your request. It just means you should try visiting the site at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it. If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access, there is an option for you. As of Feb. 1, 2023, OpenAI has aChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month.
However, ChatGPT can not replace Google. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence robot that provides solutions to your questions, but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible. ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day.
12. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT?
A. Its working theory. B. Its language model.
C. Its design inspiration. D. Its development process.
13. Why does the author list figures in paragraph 3?
A. To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B. To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C. To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D. To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
14. What is ChatGPT Plus intended for?
A. Guiding users to experience free services.
B. Giving users priority access during peak hours
C. Allowing net surfers to skip advertisements.
D. Helping researchers detect the failure of the system.
15. What is a limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google?
A. It may provide replies unrelated to the questions.
B. It can only update information at a fixed time
C. It needs longer to provide solutions.
D. It operates based on limited data.
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了ChatGPT的出现，市场反应，并对它的优点及弊端进行分析。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习). (ChatGPT会记住你对话线索，使用之前的问题和答案来告知它的下一个回答。它从互联网上的海量信息中获得答案。ChatGPT建立在OpenAI GPT-3家族的大型语言模型之上，并使用监督学习和强化学习进行了微调)”可知，本段描述了ChatGPT的操作使用，告诉我们它的工作原理。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years. (ChatGPT上线几天后，就有超过100万人在试用。UBS分析师Lloyd Walmsley在2023年2月估计，ChatGPT在1月份的月用户数达到了1亿，只用了两个月的时间，就完成了TikTok大约9个月和Instagram两年半的任务)”可知，本段所列数字显示ChatGPT非常受欢迎。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“As of Feb. 1, 2023, OpenAI has aChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month. (截至2023年2月1日，OpenAI推出了aChatGPT专业计划ChatGPT Plus，允许用户在高峰时段也能进行一般访问。这项服务的费用是每月20美元)”可知，ChatGPT Plus的目的是在高峰时段给予用户优先访问权。故选B项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day. (由于它的编程，ChatGPT的知识有限，但谷歌有无限的知识，每天都在更新)”可知，与谷歌相比，ChatGPT局限性是基于有限的数据进行操作。故选D项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Poetry Writing Tips for Beginners
Poetry is one of the oldest and most respected literary forms. It takes a certain style and skill with words to create a good work of poetry. Here are some easy-to-follow tips on writing poetry:
• ____16____
Before you start the writing process, you should make sure that you read as many great poems as possible. Take a glance at the works of Neruda, Keats, Whitman, and Dickinson to name a few of the greats. This does not mean that you should copy their work of course. ____17____.
• Choose a specific theme
Like any other type of literary work, your poem will need a specific theme. You can’t write a poem effectively if you don’t have a set theme. A theme will give your work both focus and a set goal.____18____. It could be about loss, love, hate, greed, etc. Your theme could also be about a very specific event in your life, such as your first love or a broken relationship.
• Read it aloud
During the writing process, it is important that you check how your poem sounds.____19____.However, it may sound awkward or lacking once you read it aloud. So take the time to read your work aloud. Read it aloud after each stanza (诗节). If you want to be more thorough, you could read it aloud to family and friends.
• Polish it up
After you have your poem critiqued (评论), now is the time to polish it up. Take their advice and make any changes to the wordplay or word usage. If you see any clunky wordplay in your work, try to smoothen them out. Remember that poetry should have a flow, an almost lyrical feel.
____20____.However, once you put these poetry tips for beginners into practice, you’ll be able to create quality poetry in no time.
A. Free your mind
B. Read great poems
C. It may seem perfect when you’re reading it
D. Your theme can be practically anything under the sun
E. Learning how to write poetry can be slow-going at first
F. It is still a very satisfying feeling to create great works of poetry
G. Think of them as references that will expand your horizons as a poet
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. D 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者为打算学习写诗的人提供了几个好建议。
【16题详解】
根据下文“Before you start the writing process, you should make sure that you read as many great poems as possible.(在你开始写作之前，你应该确保你读了尽可能多的好诗)”可知，这一段是建议在开始写诗前，要多读好诗。由此可知，选项B“Read great poems(读好诗)”和下文一致，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“This does not mean that you should copy their work of course.(当然，这并不意味着你应该抄袭他们的作品)”可知，此处是建议在读优秀的诗歌，但是不要复制抄袭。由此可知，选项G“Think of them as references that will expand your horizons as a poet(把它们当作参考，可以扩展你作为诗人的视野)”指出把读过的诗当做参考，拓展视野，和下文上文一致，符合语境。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“It could be about loss, love, hate, greed, etc. Your theme could also be about a very specific event in your life, such as your first love or a broken relationship.(它可能是关于失去、爱、恨、贪婪等。你的主题也可能是关于你生活中的一个非常具体的事件，比如你的初恋或破裂的关系)”可知，这一段作者建议选定主题，但是主题的范围特别广泛。由此可知，选项D“Your theme can be practically anything under the sun(你的主题可以是太阳下的任何东西)”也指明主题范围很宽，和下文一致，符合语境。故选D项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“However, it may sound awkward or lacking once you read it aloud.(然而，一旦你大声朗读，它可能听起来很尴尬或缺乏什么)”可知，这一段建议写完诗后要读出来听听。且这一句话用转折副词however“然而”与上文连接，说明上文应该是指出：所写的诗读起来感觉很不错。由此可知，选项C“It may seem perfect when you’re reading it(当你读它时，它似乎是完美的)”和下文存在转折关系，符合语境。故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“However, once you put these poetry tips for beginners into practice, you’ll be able to create quality poetry in no time.(然而，一旦你将这些针对初学者的诗歌技巧付诸实践，你将能够在短时间内创作出高质量的诗歌)”可知，此处作者指出只要认真按照本文提供的建议学习写诗，很快就能写出好诗。且这一句话用转折副词however“然而”与上文连接，说明上文应该是指出：最开始学写诗很难很慢。选项E“Learning how to write poetry can be slow-going at first(最开始学习写诗，可能速度会很慢)”和下文形成转折关系，符合语境。故选E项。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was 15, I joined an exchange student program. I was sent to Germany alone and lived with a host family. Many people might think how ____21____ this girl is! Well, the moment I decided to join the program, I didn’t ____22____ a lot. Actually, it was my curiosity that ____23____ me to say yes to this adventure. At first, I thought it would be a very nice and ____24____ trip, while the fact is that my lack of knowing how challenging this would be made it even more ____25____.
The first day I went to the local high school was a huge ____26____ for me. I thought that my special background would ____27____ many people who would come over to talk to me or even just to ____28____ me. However, the reality was that ____29____ came, and I remained alone for a very long time. Soon, I felt especially _____30_____, and I wondered why I had come to this _____31_____.
Had my mother and host family not _____32_____ me, I wouldn’t have recovered from the bad mood I found myself in. As soon as my host family found out that I had no _____33_____ in school, my host mom came and talked to me. She gave me some _____34_____ on how to make friends, such as _____35_____ a sports club and inviting my classmates to watch a movie.
_____36_____, all of the tips she gave me worked out! Finally, after three weeks, I made some good friends. She also told me that I could _____37_____ my culture to my classmates. Then, I started to prepare a PowerPoint and a short _____38_____ for my classmates.
My teacher gave me an hour to present it. To my astonishment, they all _____39_____ Chinese culture and had a good time listening to my introduction. After those experiences, I’ve learned that everything may be _____40_____ at first, but when I face a problem and try to solve it, I’m halfway to success.
21. A. brave B. calm C. careful D. beautiful
22. A. spend B. learn C. think D. hear
23. A. allowed B. drove C. begged D. invited
24. A. successful B. long C. smooth D. similar
25. A. boring B. enjoyable C. disappointing D. challenging
26. A. failure B. risk C. step D. chance
27. A. require B. attract C. encourage D. force
28. A. lead B. greet C. pick D. support
29. A. no one B. someone C. everyone D. anyone
30. A. tired B. comfortable C. lucky D. sad
31. A. club B. house C. country D. family
32. A. recognized B. chosen C. served D. helped
33. A. friends B. plans C. books D. relatives
34. A. training B. suggestions C. information D. demands
35. A. starting B. developing C. running D. joining
36. A. Undoubtedly B. Naturally C. Surprisingly D. Normally
37. A. connect B. introduce C. compare D. export
38. A. discussion B. interview C. conversation D. speech
39. A. loved B. protected C. studied D. spread
40. A. different B. interesting C. hard D. unfair
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者15岁参加了一个交换生项目，被单独送到德国，原以为自己会很受欢迎，作者遭到冷遇，在寄宿家庭的帮助下，作者交到了朋友，适应了那里的生活。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多人可能会觉得这个女孩有多勇敢！A. brave勇敢的；B. calm冷静的；C. careful认真的；D. beautiful美丽的。由上文的“When I was 15, I joined an exchange student program. I was sent to Germany alone and lived with a host family.( 15岁时，我参加了一个交换生项目。我被单独送到德国，与寄宿家庭住在一起)”可知，作者15岁只身前往德国求学，这是很勇敢的行为。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：嗯，当我决定加入这个项目时，我并没有多想。A. spend花费；B. learn学习；C. think思考；D. hear听见。由下文的“Actually, it was my curiosity that ____3____ me to say yes to this adventure.(事实上，正是我的好奇心……我答应了这次冒险)”和“my lack of knowing how challenging this would be (我不知道这会有多大的挑战性)”可知，作者没有料想到会遇到挑战，所以参加这个项目的时候作者只是因为好奇才参加的，并未多想。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，正是我的好奇心驱使我答应了这次冒险。A. allowed允许；B. drove驱使；C. begged请求；D. invited邀请。由下文的“my lack of knowing how challenging this would be (我不知道这会有多大的挑战性)”可知，作者没有料想到会遇到挑战，所以参加这个项目的时候作者只是在好奇心的驱使下才参加的。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我认为这将是一次非常愉快和顺利的旅行，但事实是，我不知道这会有多大的挑战性，这会使旅行变得更具挑战性。A. successful成功的；B. long长的；C. smooth顺利的；D. similar相似的。用“smooth”与上文的“nice”并列，与下文的“challenging”形成转折，表明事实并非作者想的那样愉快和顺利，反而充满挑战。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我认为这将是一次非常愉快和顺利的旅行，但事实是，我不知道这会有多大的挑战性，这会使旅行变得更具挑战性。A. boring无聊的；B. enjoyable愉快的；C. disappointing失望的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。由上文的“my lack of knowing how challenging this would be”和下文作者遭到冷遇可知，这次求学旅行因作者的失算变得更具挑战性。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我去当地高中的第一天对我来说是一个巨大的失败。A. failure失败；B. risk危险；C. step步伐；D. chance机会。呼应上文语境讲这次求学旅行很具挑战性，说明作者去当地高中的第一天是一场失败的经历。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为我的特殊背景会吸引很多人来和我交谈，甚至是来问候我。A. require需要；B. attract吸引；C. encourage鼓励；D. force强迫。呼应上文的“At first, I thought it would be a very nice and ____4____ trip(一开始，我认为这将是一次非常愉快和顺利的旅行)”讲作者认为这次求学之旅会很愉快和顺利，可得出作者会认为自己的特殊背景会吸引很多人来和自己交谈。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为我的特殊背景会吸引很多人来和我交谈，甚至只是来问候我。A. lead领导；B. greet打招呼、问候；C. pick挑选；D. support支持。该句与上文的“many people who would come over to talk to me”是递进关系，作者认为自己的特殊之处会吸引本地同学与自己交谈，甚至和自己打招呼。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：然而，现实是没有人来，我很长一段时间都独自一人。A. no one没人；B. someone某人；C. everyone每人；D. anyone任何人。由下文的“I remained alone for a very long time”可知，没人和作者进行交流。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，我感到特别难过，我想知道我为什么来到这个国家。A. tired疲倦的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. lucky幸运的；D. sad悲伤的、难过的。由上文的“I remained alone for a very long time”可知，没人和作者进行交流，作者感到难过。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，我感到特别难过，我想知道我为什么来到这个国家。A. club俱乐部；B. house房子；C. country国家；D. family家庭。呼应上文“When I was 15, I joined an exchange student program. I was sent to Germany alone and lived with a host family.( 15岁时，我参加了一个交换生项目。我被单独送到德国，与寄宿家庭住在一起)”讲作者只身来到德国求学。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我的母亲和寄宿家庭没有帮助我，我就不会从我发现的糟糕情绪中恢复过来。A. recognized认可；B. chosen选择；C. served服务；D. helped帮助。本句是虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，由下文的“I wouldn’t have recovered from the bad mood I found myself in”可知，真实情况是作者从糟糕情绪中恢复过来，可得出作者获得了自己母亲和寄宿家庭的帮助，故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的寄宿家庭发现我在学校没有朋友时，我的寄宿妈妈就过来和我聊天。A. friends朋友；B. plans计划；C. books书籍；D. relatives亲戚。由上文的“I remained alone for a very long time(我很长一段时间都独自一人)”可知，寄宿家庭发现作者在学校没有朋友。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给了我一些如何交朋友的建议，比如参加体育俱乐部，邀请我的同学看电影。A. training训练；B. suggestions建议；C. information信息；D. demands需求。呼应下文的“all of the tips she gave me worked out(她给我的所有建议都奏效了)”讲寄宿家庭给了作者一些如何交朋友的建议。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她给了我一些如何交朋友的建议，比如参加体育俱乐部，邀请我的同学看电影。A. starting开始；B. developing发展；C. running跑步；D. joining加入。由下文的“a sports club”可知，参加体育俱乐部是寄宿家庭给作者的交友建议之一。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她给我的所有建议都奏效了！A. Undoubtedly无疑地；B. Naturally自然地；C. Surprisingly惊人地；D. Normally正常地。由下文的“all of the tips she gave me worked out. Finally, after three weeks, I made some good friends.(她给我的所有建议都奏效了！三个星期后，我终于交了一些好朋友)”可知，作者在寄宿家庭的交友建议下，终于交到了朋友，这让作者感到惊讶。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还告诉我，我可以向同学介绍我的文化。A. connect连接；B. introduce介绍；C. compare比较；D. export出口。呼应下文的“To my astonishment, they all ____19____ Chinese culture and had a good time listening to my introduction.(令我惊讶的是，他们都……中国文化，听我介绍也很开心)”，寄宿家庭还建议作者向同学介绍自己的文化。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我开始为同学们准备PowerPoint和简短的演讲。A. discussion讨论；B. interview面试；C. conversation对话；D. speech演讲。由上文语境可知，作者要向同学介绍自己的文化，所以要准备PowerPoint和简短的演讲，开始展示。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，他们都热爱中国文化，听我介绍也很开心。A. loved爱；B. protected保护；C. studied学习；D. spread扩散。由下文的“had a good time listening to my introduction”可知，同学们听作者介绍得开心，说明他们都喜欢中国文化。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经历过这些之后，我明白了，一开始一切都可能很难，但当我面对问题并试图解决它时，我已经成功了一半。A. different不同的；B. interesting有趣的；C. hard困难的；D. unfair不公平的。由上文语境可知，作者一开始就历经失败的体验，没有朋友，说明万事开头难。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Students of a Xi’an senior high school brought joy to the elderly and brightened up their day by___41___(volunteer) at a local nursing home last weekend. The nursing home,____42____ (locate) on a housing estate, has more than 150 senior citizens, some of ____43____ are over 90 years old.
Though it was the first time many of the students ____44____ (participate) in a volunteer programme like this, they were eager to share various interesting ____45____ (topic) with the residents, such as how to use mobile phones and go online on the computer. After lunch the residents and the young volunteers amused themselves with art activities _____46_____ included Chinese painting and calligraphy. They enjoyed each other’s company so much _____47_____ Su Ming, 16, said he hoped to return to the nursing home regularly _____48_____ (spend) time with the seniors that he made friends with.
Wang Hong, the programme organizer, said, “_____49_____ (basic), I was concerned that the students and the senior residents wouldn’t get along easily, but it turned out to be the exact opposite. I can say that today’s activities _____50_____ (make) a big difference to the lives of the residents as well as the students.”
【答案】41. volunteering
42. located
43. whom 44. had participated
45. topics 46. which##that
47. that 48. to spend
49. Basically
50. have made
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西安一所高中的学生在当地一家养老院进行的志愿者活动。
【41题详解】
考查动名词。句意：上周末，西安一所高中的学生们在当地一家养老院做志愿者，给老人带来了快乐，让他们的一天变得更加愉快。根据介词by可知，此处用动名词形式作介词by的宾语。故填volunteering。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这家养老院位于一个住宅区，有150多名老年人，其中一些人已经90多岁了。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词作后置定语表示“位于”。故填located。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，介词of后应该用关系代词，又因为先行词citizens指人，所以用关系代词whom作介词of的宾语。故填whom。
【44题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：虽然这是许多学生第一次参加这样的志愿者项目，但他们渴望与居民分享各种有趣的话题，例如如何使用手机和上网。根据固定句型：it was the first time that sb./sth. had done可知，本句时态用过去完成时。故填had participated。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。因为本句中的提示词topic是可数名词，分析句意再根据上文的various可知，此处用复数名词形式。故填topics。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：午餐后，居民和青年志愿者们进行了包括中国画和书法在内的艺术活动。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词activities指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that来引导。故填which或that。
【47题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：他们非常喜欢彼此的陪伴，16岁的苏明说，他希望能定期回到养老院，和他认识的老年人在一起。分析句意再根据上文的so可知，此处用so…that句式，表示“如此……以至于”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to spend。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：活动组织者王红说：“基本上，我担心学生和老人相处不太好，但事实恰恰相反。”分析句式结构可知，此处用提示词的副词形式位于句首作状语修饰整个主句。故填Basically。
【50题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：我可以说，今天的活动对居民和学生的生活都产生了很大的影响。分析句意可知，今天的活动已经产生了影响，所以应该用现在完成时，又因为从句中的主语是复数名词，所以用have+过去分词。故填have made。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(ʌ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。.
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was child, my parents expected me to being a successful person with a well-paid job. Therefore, what I value most is a sense of achievement. Since my childhood, I have dreamed of being a doctor.
The idea occurs to me for the first time when I saw my grandfather to suffer from a severe headache. I thought if I am a doctor, I would ease his pain. Then as I growing up, I came across Lin Qiaozhi’s story. It was her perseverance and selfless devotion what strengthened my determination. Why not carry on her career? Undoubtedly, being a qualified doctor is far from easy.
I will study hardly and make non-stop efforts to pursue her dream and help people in need.
【答案】1.在child前加a
2.being → be
3.Therefore→ However
4.occur→ occurred
5.删除to suffer中的to
6.am→ were
7.growing→ grew
8.what→ that
9.hardly→ hard
10.her→ my
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者梦想努力成为一名医生的故事。
【详解】1.考查名词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我的父母希望我成为一个有高薪工作的成功人士。由child为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一个孩子”为泛指概念，结合child为首音节辅音单词，所以在child前加不定冠词a。故在child前加a。
2.考查动词不定式。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我的父母希望我成为一个有高薪工作的成功人士。分析句子可知，此处为expect sb to do“期待某人做某事”，为动词不定式作宾语补足语。故将being改为be。
3.考查副词。句意：然而，我最看重的是成就感。分析上下句句意可知，此处为副词However“然而”表示转折，符合句意逻辑关系。故将Therefore 改为However。
4.考查动词时态。句意：我第一次想到这个主意是在我看到我祖父头痛得厉害的时候。根据从句动词saw可知，此处主句谓语动词也应为一般过去时。故将occur改为occurred。
5.动词短语。句意：我第一次想到这个主意是在我看到我祖父头痛得厉害的时候。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语see sb do sth“看到某人做过某事”为整个事情的过程。故删除to。
6.考查虚拟语气。句意：我想如果我是医生，我就能减轻他的痛苦。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟语气用法，根据句意可知，此处为对将来事实相反的假设，从句应为过去时。故将am改为were。
7.考查动词时态。句意：后来长大了，我读到了林巧稚的故事。分析句子可知，该句为as引导的时间状语从句，由主句动词came across可知，此处从句谓语动词也应为过去时。故将growing改为grew。
8.考查强调句型。句意：是她的坚韧不拔和无私奉献坚定了我的决心。分析句子可知，该句为it was…that…的强调句型，被强调部分her perseverance and selfless devotion为句子的主语成分。故将what改为that。
9.考查副词。句意：我会努力学习，努力追求自己的梦想，帮助需要帮助的人。此处为副词hard“努力”修饰动词study，hardly为“几乎不”的意思，与句意不符。故将hardly改为hard。
10.考查代词。句意：我会努力学习，努力追求自己的梦想，帮助需要帮助的人。根据句意以及前面的主语I可知，此处为代词偷换人称，应该为“追求我的梦想”符合句意。故将her改为my。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 最近，你校英文报社面向学生征稿，主题为“我帮父母做家务”，请你根据以下要点将上周末帮父母做家务的情况写成一篇文章投稿。
1. 帮忙的原因；
2. 帮忙的内容（整理房间、拖地、做饭等）；
3. 你的感想。
注意：1. 词数：120字左右；2. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；3.题目已给出。
Helping Parents with Housework
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Helping Parents with Housework
Seeing that my parents were occupied with their work and looked exhausted during the weekdays, I felt that they deserved a good rest. Therefore, I made up my mind to help them with housework last Sunday.
Finding each room in our house was in a mess, I couldn’t wait to make some changes. Several pieces of wet cloths were used to clean cupboards, desks, and chairs, which made it possible for each set of furniture to appear new. Meanwhile, books and toys thrown here and there were also put into proper places according to their types so that the room looked neat and tidy. After doing that, tired as I was, mopping the floor was considered a good chance for me to exercise physically, and as a result of taking the task seriously, it looked as if a big mirror appeared. When the lunchtime approached, what brightened me most was that I made dumplings successfully under my parents’ guidance, making me eat each mouthful of the dumplings with great enjoyment after they were cooked well.
Thanks to doing housework, not only do I realize how hard it is for my parents to look after me after a day’s work, but also I am convinced that I have the ability to perform my duty well as a family member! What a meaningful day!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属记叙文，要求考生将上周末帮父母做家务的情况写成一篇文章投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
困难的：hard→tough
疲惫的：tired→exhausted
机会：chance→opportunity
照顾：look after→take care of
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Meanwhile, books and toys thrown here and there were also put into proper places according to their types so that the room looked neat and tidy.
拓展句：Meanwhile, books and toys which had been thrown here and there were also put into proper places according to their types so that the room looked neat and tidy.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Several pieces of wet cloths were used to clean cupboards, desks, and chairs, which made it possible for each set of furniture to appear new. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] When the lunchtime approached, what brightened me most was that I made dumplings successfully under my parents’ guidance, making me eat each mouthful of the dumplings with great enjoyment after they were cooked well. (运用了when引导时间状语从句，what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句和after引导的时间状语从句)
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