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专题06 阅读理解之议论文10篇（名校最新期中真题）-2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（牛津译林版2020）
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译林版（2020）高二英语下学期期中复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期中真题)
专题06 阅读理解之议论文10篇
（2022春·江苏常州·高二常州高级中学校考期中）Have you ever heard the dangers of helicopter parenting? Remaining too involved in a kid’s life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and some other mental problems.
This wisdom seems sound. But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling resistance. The concern: that too much of warnings and horror stories — the cover of Julie Lythcott-Haims’ bestseller How to Raise an Adult instructs moms and dads to avoid “the overparenting trap” — is discouraging parents from getting involved at all.
“Yes, parents can be intruders (unpopular people),” says Marjorie Savage, a researcher in the University of Minnesota. “At the same time, there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family.” At Hofstra University, for example, parents now ask embarrassedly about mental-health and campus-safety resources, as if bringing up those topics were forbidden, says Branka Kristic, who heads the family-outreach programs. And Savage recalls talking to a mom who kept quiet about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicopter in”.
That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning to cope with parents who get too involved, now have a different problem. In recent years, hundreds of colleges have either launched or increased their parent offices to help parents.
Much of this began, of course, because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students connected with their parents like never before. On average, they communicate 22.1 times per week, according to research from Barbara Hofer, a psychology professor at Middlebury College. That’s more than twice the rate of a decade ago, before almost every student had a smartphone.
With some moms and dads thinking twice of contacting the school in the first place, some programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach. Hofstra’s Kristic advises parents to “be a guide, while granting that the student owns the journey”. That means asking questions, listening to answers being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while.
1．In paragraph 3, parents of Hofstra University students are mentioned to __________.
A．place emphasis on the necessity of overparenting
B．give a further example of supportive overparenting
C．provide educators with a new understanding of overparenting
D．show that parents have gone to the other extreme of overparenting
2．The phrase “hopping in the chopper” in the last paragraph refers to ___________.
A．having trust in kids B．turning to social media for help
C．stepping in to solve kids’ problems D．joining a family-outreach program
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．There was less student-parent communication in the past than today.
B．Overparenting is no longer a problem because of students’ self-reliance.
C．How to Raise an Adult encourages parents to get engaged in family education.
D．Mental-health and campus-safety resources are forbidden topics among parents.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Why Overparenting Is in Question B．How to Communicate More as Parents
C．Why Colleges Need Helicopter Parents D．How to Improve Parent-school Relations
（2022春·江苏南通·高二统考期中）A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was tom apart by self-criticism. “I can’t stop beating myself up,” she told me. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?”
Many students I teach, like this athlete, believe that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field should get them exactly where they need to go. When they fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are crushed by self-blame.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play among the most privileged in particular: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind set” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. But a recent analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.
The cruel, messy reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we should all question a culture that has taught them that feeling anything less than overwhelmed means they’re lazy, and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. It’s suggested that parents and teachers spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature.
The point is not to give our kids a pass on working hard. But we would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
5．Which sort of students does the star athlete belong to?
A．Those lacking courage to make self-criticism.
B．Those tired of working all night in the library.
C．Those believing hard work surely pay off.
D．Those overprotected by their parents in life.
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Praising effort over ability will surely be beneficial to all kids.
B．The result of the “mindset” research doesn’t apply to all cases.
C．Parents should lay more emphasis on their kids’ academic performance.
D．Whether praising kids’ effort over ability does good to kids depends.
7．According to the author, how can parents help the kids overcome barriers in life?
A．By choosing where to go to college for them.
B．By pushing them to fight against the cruel reality.
C．By discouraging them from making efforts to study hard.
D．By encouraging them to stick to a worthy cause they truly love.
8．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Students should not expect too much from their study.
B．Students with positive attitudes can move on more easily.
C．Students should bear all the failures on their own.
D．Students are sure to succeed if they try their best.
（2022春·江苏淮安·高二校联考期中）It’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.
It’s also good to get along with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.
But really, there’s one superimportant reason why you should get along with your teacher. When you do, “learning bursts right open,” says Evelyn Vuko, a longtime teacher who writes an education column called “Teacher Says” for the Washington Post newspaper.
In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re also more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do the best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to when you have problems, such as problems with learning, school issues, or bullying.
As a kid in elementary or middle school, you’re at a wonderful stage in your life. You’re like a sponge (海绵), able to take in lots of new and exciting information. On top of that, you’re able to think about all this information in new ways. Remember teachers are people too, and they feel great if you’re open to what they’re teaching you. That’s why they wanted to be teachers in the first place—to teach!
In every school, kids will say certain teachers are tough. In fact, in most cases, your teacher wants to help you. And a teacher who’s called tough may be someone who feels strongly about getting his or her job done—teaching you what you are supposed to learn.
9．In the passage, the author mainly talks about________.
A．how to get along well with teachers
B．the importance of a good relationship with teachers
C．how much the students are expected to get along with teachers
D．how to make the time in the classroom more pleasant
10．How do you understand the underlined phrase “get along with” in Paragraph 1?
A．Form a good relationship with.
B．Follow the example of.
C．Leave a good impression on.
D．Sing high praise for.
11．It is good to get along with your teacher for the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.
A．it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant
B．it’s smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life
C．you can get more presents from the teacher
D．you’re also more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help
12．Which of the comments is NOT true on teachers and their work according to the passage?
A．Though few, there are still some students who can learn even if they don’t like the teachers.
B．Teachers sometimes have the same feelings as students do.
C．Having a bad relationship with your teachers does more or less harm to your studies.
D．Teachers are excited even if you wouldn’t like to accept their teaching.
（2022春·江苏连云港·高二连云港高中校考期中）There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion (排 除) of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.”
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
13．What is good about being a generalist?
A．You don’t need to be pushed by society.
B．You will need to know less and less.
C．You know more about your occupation.
D．You can enjoy your life to the fullest.
14．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about specialists’ ______.
A．choices B．limitations C．regrets D．expectations
15．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who ________.
A．is fully aware of his talent and ability
B．should love poetry and philosophy
C．brings knowledge of other fields to work
D．is a committed specialist in medicine
16．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
D．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
（2022春·江苏盐城·高二江苏省阜宁中学校联考期中）An advance in electronic publishing could make the book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers are releasing books with added soundtracks and musical accompaniments.
The noise in the first multimedia books released in Britain include rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. Works by Oscar Wilde and Rudyard Kipling are also available. When the plot of a book reaches a climax, background music will create tension. In America, works by Shakespeare and Jane Austen have already been released with music and background noise so that, for example, readers can hear tea cups clinking in Mr. Darcy's garden as they read Pride and Prejudice.
Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noises will ruin the simple pleasure of enjoying the imagination required to read a book.
Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency PFD, said, "Concentration now is such that people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying an email at the same time. If that's what the market wants, then we should respond to the market.
Booktrack's sound effects work by figuring out the user's reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses(重新评估) where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to play accordingly. If the soundtrack is not in agreement with the words, a click on any word will re-set it.
Some authors fear a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of One Day, said, "This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I'm constantly disturbed (干扰)by emails and so I've given up on it for the time being.
Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whose novel Shatter the Bones was an e-book bestseller, sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said, "If I'm reading, I will do the noises in my head. I don't need someone to tell me what cutting a tree sounds like. That would upset me.
17．The e-book soundtrack is intended________.
A．to make readers focus on the story
B．to help readers with unknown vocabulary
C．to strengthen readers' impression of characters
D．to add tension when the book reaches an exciting point
18．The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 5 refers to________.
A．the soundtrack
B．the speed of reading
C．the software
D．the required time
19．What's Stuart MacBride' s attitude to soundtracks?
A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Unconcerned. D．Disrespectful
20．The text is most probably taken from________.
A．a book review
B．a personal diary
C．a science textbook
D．a newspaper report
（2022秋·江苏盐城·高二校考期中）Have you ever been on social media and seen your favourite celebrity talking about a product? These endorsements—might not be totally random, and are actually seen as a vital part of the marketing process. The question is: How do social media influencers ‘influence’ what you buy?
Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, make us susceptible to being ‘socially influenced’. Companies often use that desire to have a similar lifestyle to a celebrity we admire to hawk or launch a product. So, what do these endorsements actually do?
Firstly, they can be used to build brand awareness. A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create engaging content that not only adheres to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before.
Secondly, influencers can improve a company or product’s relationship with their customer base. According to In Moment’s 2018 US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand loyal for more than ten years. This is also true of 60% of millennials. popular celebrity can target key demographics and talk or blog about a product, which can create an instant and lasting bond with the consumer.
Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with seemingly ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be sceptical about what we are seeing.
So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a carefully crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. If you find yourself perusing a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced.
21．Why can social influencers make such engaging content? Because they ________.
A．are internet celebrities
B．know how to use the platform they are working on.
C．have used the products themselves
D．are involved in the making of the products
22．Which factor does not help to make ‘social influence’ so effective?
A．Being independent B．Making friends
C．Belonging to a group. D．Human desire for status
23．How does seeing an influencer as a ‘friend’ affect our decision making?
A．We are not much influenced.
B．We believe everything they say.
C．We are less doubtful about adverts we are seeing.
D．We want to make friends with them.
24．What should you consider the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product?
A．It is exactly what I need.
B．We don’t need it at all.
C．There’s more to learn about the celebrity.
D．Our essential needs are being targeted.
（2022秋·江苏盐城·高二校考期中）The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.
Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution (内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.
“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”
Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.
“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”
25．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Warned. B．Criticized.
C．Touched. D．Amused.
26．What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?
A．Improvements in living conditions.
B．Growing pressure from family and social life.
C．Increasing material possessions from families.
D．Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.
27．What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?
A．Understanding. B．Intolerant.
C．Supportive. D．Unclear.
28．What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?
A．They never really drop their responsibilities.
B．They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.
C．They find their dreams far beyond their reach.
D．They would rather escape than take challenges.
（2022·江苏苏州·高二期中）In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that-and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes-and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be affected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
29．Priestly criticizes her assistant for her _____________.
A．poor bargaining skill. B．insensitivity to fashion.
C．obsession with high fashion. D．lack of imagination.
30．The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to ______________.
A．accusation. B．enthusiasm. C．indifference. D．tolerance.
31．Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
B．The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
C．People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
D．Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
32．What is the subject of the text?
A．Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. B．Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
C．Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. D．Exposure of a mass-market secret.
（2022秋·江苏泰州·高二校联考期中）What makes a human being? Is it our thoughts? Our emotions? Our behavior?
All of these things make us who we are, but at the center of the matter is the genome (基因组) — the genes inside our bodies that may determine everything from our hair colour to our intelligence. But if we could change our genome, what would it mean to us?
In an online video posted on Nov 26, He Jiankui, a biological researcher from Southern University of Science and Technology in China, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.
These are twin girls, born in November, with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection (感染) with the AIDS virus.
He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China. “I feel such a strong responsibility that it’s not just to make a first, but also to set an example,” He told the Associated Press(AP).
The announcement has caused an international storm. Some believe that success will benefit the families of HIV patients. Considering that HIV is “a major and growing public health threat,” attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable, Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.
However, others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.
“Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations (突变), causing genetic problems early and later in life, including the development of cancer,” Julian Savulescu, a specialist in ethics at the University of Oxford, told BBC News.
Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies. It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby’s eye color to intelligence.
“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics, told BBC News.
However, Merlin Crossley, a biologist at the University of New South Wales, Australia, believes that’s a long way off. According to him, many genes produce qualities like height and intelligence — not to mention environmental influences.
And he believes the technology will be better controlled in the future.
“It’s hard to get genies (妖怪) back into bottles — but I’m optimistic that this technology, which I think of as ‘genetic surgery’, could be controlled quite effectively in the future,” Crossley told ABC News.
33．Why did He Jiankui make the genetically edited babies?
A．Because he wanted to be a leader in gene editing technology.
B．Because he tried to do his part in fighting against HIV infection.
C．Because he attempted to help the twin girls who were infected with AIDS.
D．Because he wanted to became the first to make the genetically edited babies in the world.
34．For those who are against gene editing technology, their reasons are as follows EXCEPT ________.
A．Gene editing can cause genetic problems sooner or later in life
B．Gene editing may widen the gap between the rich and the poor
C．Gene editing may enable wealthy parents to design their babies
D．Gene editing can determine everything inside a person’s body
35．What does the underlined word “justifiable” in paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Absurd. B．Hopeless. C．Acceptable. D．Skilful.
36．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Gene editing: the genie in the bottle
B．Gene editing: the way we should go
C．Gene editing: hope or fear for human beings
D．Gene editing: a great success in human history
（2022春·江苏盐城·高二江苏省阜宁中学校考期中）A few years ago, I had the honor of traveling through Accra, Ghana, an African city. As I rode down a main avenue, images grabbed my attention. On one side of the street, African children dressed in rags were playing in an open gutter (排水沟). On the other side of the street, there was a billboard advertisement featuring palm trees, a beach, and a white man lowering sunglasses from his eyes. If you are a fan of the American police shows, it’s not hard to see that the man in the ad is David Caruso, the righteous(正义的) cop in Crime Scene Investigation: Miami.
The dichotomy of images was a reminder not only of the international impact of American pop culture, but of the specific influence of TV police shows.
In Hollywood, I’m a rare creature, a black man who has made a career writing for network police shows, having eventually created my own show, S.W.A．T., for CBS. For me, writing television can never simply be about entertainment. The unjust death of the African American George Floyd keeps me wondering how the shows we are writing contribute to the understanding of the justice system, class, race, and the image of black men. I look at this not as a creative burden, but a necessary responsibility.
The past 60 years have seen numerous cop shows like Dragnet and Adam 12, where police, typically are beacons(灯塔) of morality who never do wrong while criminals are always people of color, particularly black men. This can make for wildly popular entertainment, but it also risks mistaking fantasies for reality. People watch TV to see heroes, but how are we defining who a hero is? For people of color, especially black people, the viewing experience is complex.
37．The images the author saw in Africa imply________.
A．the unrealistic advertisement
B．TV police shows’ great popularity
C．poor education of African children
D．the background of American culture
38．What does the underlined word “dichotomy” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Contrast. B．Trend.
C．Confusion. D．Boom.
39．What can we learn about the author?
A．He writes plays for pleasure.
B．He is very creative and influential.
C．He has created many shows including Dragnet.
D．He has high sense of justice and responsibility.
40．What’s the author’s attitude to traditional TV police shows?
A．Ambiguous. B．Objective.
C．Disapproving. D．Appreciative.
考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。为避免“过度养育”，很多父母们不参与孩子的生活和教育。文章论述了父母走向这个极端对孩子的不利之处。作者认为父母应该采取更平衡的方式，平时要信任孩子能自己解决问题，但是当孩子的问题持续或孩子有危险时，父母还是应该当“直升机父母”，帮助孩子解决问题。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The concern: that too much of warnings and horror stories — the cover of Julie Lythcott-Haims’ bestseller How to Raise an Adult instructs moms and dads to avoid “the overparenting trap” — is discouraging parents from getting involved at all.(令人担忧的是：朱莉·莱思·科特·哈伊姆斯的畅销书《如何抚养成人》的封面上有太多的警告和恐怖故事，这些故事指导父母避免“过度养育陷阱”，这让父母根本不敢参与其中)”以及第三段中“At Hofstra University, for example, parents now ask embarrassedly about mental-health and campus-safety resources, as if bringing up those topics were forbidden, says Branka Kristic, who heads the family-outreach programs. And Savage recalls talking to a mom who kept quiet about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicopter in”.(例如，在霍夫斯特拉大学，现在家长们询问孩子的心理健康和校园安全问题时，感到很为难，好像提出这些话题是被禁止的，家庭外展项目负责人布兰卡·克里斯蒂克说。萨维奇回忆说，她曾和一位母亲交谈过，这位母亲对儿子的抑郁症迹象只字不提，直到儿子一学期考试不及格。她不想“直升机降落”。) ”可知，“直升机教育”的弊端让父母现在不去参与孩子的生活和教育。文章举出霍夫斯特拉大学学生的父母的例子，是为了说明现在父母不愿意当“直升机父母”，不参与孩子的生活和教育，从而走到了“过度养育”的另一个极端。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Hofstra’s Kristic advises parents to “be a guide, while granting that the student owns the journey”. That means asking questions, listening to answers being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems.(霍夫斯特拉大学的Kristic教授建议家长“做一个向导，同时允许学生走自己的生活道路”。这意味着家长可以通过问问题，听答案，并且要有耐心，信任孩子能解决他们自己的问题)”结合but表示语义转折；后面提到Kristic的进一步观点，“if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while.”可知，Kristic教授认为，如果学生的问题持续存在，或学生处于严重的精神或身体危险中，这还是需要家长参与孩子的生活和教育，帮助孩子解决问题，至少在一段时间内应该这样做。由此可以猜测“hopping in the chopper”意思为“介入并解决孩子的问题”。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Much of this began, of course, because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students connected with their parents like never before. On average, they communicate 22.1 times per week, according to research from Barbara Hofer, a psychology professor at Middlebury College. That’s more than twice the rate of a decade ago, before almost every student had a smartphone. (当然，这在很大程度上是因为学校被迫面对一代与父母有着前所未有联系的学生。根据米德尔伯里学院心理学教授芭芭拉·霍弗的研究，他们平均每周交流22.1次。这是十年前的两倍多，当时几乎每个学生都没有智能手机)”可推知，过去学生与家长之间的交流比现在少得多。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling resistance.”“直升机父母”的现象让很多父母为了避免“过度养育”，从而不参与孩子的生活和教育，这种迹象让教育者感到不安；第三段中提到“there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family.”该段说明有越来越多的家长在学生真正需要家庭时拒绝帮助孩子，并举例说明其带来的危害；第六段中“if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper”霍夫斯特拉大学的Kristic教授认为如果孩子的问题持续存在，或处于严重的精神或身体危险，父母还是要参与和帮助孩子，至少在一段时间内当“直升机父母”。由此可知，文章是说论述为什么孩子还是需要“直升机父母”的。故选C。
5．C 6．D 7．D 8．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了年轻人认为的努力肯定会有回报有时候不一定是正确的，心理学家将这种现象归因于对“心态”研究的误用，该研究发现，表扬孩子的努力会提高他们的学习成绩。残酷而混乱的现实是，你可以尽你所能做任何事情，但仍然失败。对此父母可以鼓励孩子们坚持他们真正热爱的有价值的事业来帮助孩子克服生活中的障碍。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many students I teach, like this athlete, believe that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field should get them exactly where they need to go. When they fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are crushed by self-blame. ”(我教过的许多学生，比如这位运动员，都认为在图书馆里通宵学习，在赛场上训练几个小时，应该能让他们达到目的。当他们没有达到他们认为应该达到的目标时，他们就会被自责击垮)可知，这位明星运动员属于那些相信努力工作肯定会有回报的人。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But a 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone. ”(但2018年的一项分析发现，尽管称赞努力胜过能力可能有利于高风险或经济困难的学生，但这并不一定对每个人都有帮助)可知，是否表扬孩子的努力而不是能力对孩子有好处取决于实际情况。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It’s suggested that parents and teachers spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature. ”(有人建议家长和老师花时间帮助学生找到目标，或他们真正喜欢追求的、对世界产生影响的目标，这可能会帮助他们获得更大的生活满意度，在心理上变得更成熟)可知，父母可以鼓励孩子们坚持他们真正热爱的、有价值的事业来帮助孩子克服生活中的障碍。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s often the people who learn to say ‘stuff happens’ who get up the fastest. ”(往往是那些学会说“世事无常”的人最快地行动起来)可知，有积极态度的学生更容易前进。故选B。
9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章论述了良好的师生关系的作用，良好的师生关系能使你在学校过得很愉快，能使你的学习更容易。
9．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“It’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(和老师相处融洽很好，因为这会让你在教室里度过的时间更愉快。)”可知，本文主要讲的是良好的师生关系的作用，即“the importance of a good relationship with teachers”。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant(这会让你在教室里度过的时间更愉快)”可知，在教室里过得愉快，那肯定是和老师关系很好，因此划线短语“get along with”意思是“建立良好的关系”，和A选项“Form a good relationship with”意思相近，故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段的“It’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(和老师相处很好，因为这会让你在教室里度过的时间更愉快。)”可知，A项是原因；根据第二段的“It’s also good to get along with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.(与你的老师相处也很好，因为，总的来说，学习如何与你一生中会遇到的不同类型的人相处是聪明的。)”可知，B项是原因；根据第四段的“In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re also more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help.(事实上，与老师相处融洽的孩子不仅学得更多，而且他们也更乐于提问和获得额外的帮助。)”可知，D项是原因；文中并未提到C选项，故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Remember teachers are people too, and they feel great if you’re open to what they’re teaching you.(记住老师也是人，如果你愿意接受他们教给你的东西，他们会感觉很好。)”可知，D选项“Teachers are excited even if you wouldn’t like to accept their teaching.(即使你不愿意接受他们的教学，老师也会很兴奋。)”为主观臆断，因此是错误的，故选D。
13．D 14．C 15．C 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了作为专家需要具备的知识及作为一个多面手需要具备的东西，并对两者进行了比较与讨论，建议做一个多面手。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. (即使你是一个专家，作为一个多面手也是有道理的。对很多你感兴趣的事情略知一二，就能让你的生活更加丰富多彩。）”可知，做一个多面手的好处是你可以尽情享受生活。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit.(这些专家每天晚上在办公室工作到10点，然后回顾过去，他们会意识到，他们本想回家享受家人和朋友的甜蜜，或去令人兴奋的地方旅行，遇见有趣的人。掌握一件事而排斥其他事会阻碍你真正的精神。)”可知，本段主要讨论专家的遗憾。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段的“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.”（一个既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一个优秀的医生，他能给他的病人比良好的医疗技术更多的东西。）”可知，作者认为一位优秀的医生不仅仅是纯粹的医生，他在诗歌和哲学上所知的东西也会运用到工作中去，给予病人超越医术的东西，会将其他领域的知识带到工作中去。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据第五段“Toni”的例子上文内容“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物是相互关联的。让你在某一领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你探索了它们的深度，你会发现它们是联系的。）”可推断，作者想用托妮的例子来说明表面上不相关的兴趣在某种程度上是相关的。故选C。
17．D 18．A 19．B 20．D
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。电子读物是否应该增加背景声音，不同的人士提出了不同的看法。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“When the plot of a book reaches a climax, background music will create tension. ”（当一本书的情节达到高潮时，背景音乐会产生紧张感。）可知，当一本书的情节达到高潮时，背景音乐会制作紧张气氛，即在情节高潮时增添紧张气氛。故选D项。
18．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“If the soundtrack is not in agreement with the words,a click on any word will re-set it”(如果原声带与歌词不一致，点击任何一个单词都可以重新设置它。),可知此处it指代原声带。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ He said, "If I'm reading, I will do the noises in my head. I don't need someone to tell me what cutting a tree sounds like. That would upset me.”（他说:“如果我在读书，我就会在脑海中制造噪音。我不需要别人来告诉我砍树是什么声音。那会让我心烦的。”）可知，Stuart MacBride认为背景音乐令人不愉快。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。文章第一段引入文章的主旨话题--有背景声音的电子读物；然后通过接下来的几段文章列举了支持和反对有声电子读物的正反双方的观点。所以短文属于社会问题和社会现象类的短语，所以短文来自新闻报道。故选D项。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了“社交媒体影响力”对个人购买行为的影响。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create engaging content that not only adheres to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before. (社交媒体上的有影响力的人应该对他们所运营的平台有深刻的了解，这样才能创造出有吸引力的内容，不仅符合品牌形象，还能激发他们的粉丝对他们可能从未见过的产品的兴趣)”可知，社交影响者可以制作如此有吸引力的内容是因为他们知道如何利用他们正在工作的平台。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, make us susceptible to being ‘socially influenced’. (人类对地位和交朋友的渴望，加上我们对归属群体的需要，使我们容易受到“社会影响”)”可知，选项A“独立”不是使“社会影响”如此有效的因素。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据第五段中“We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be sceptical about what we are seeing. (与传统广告相比，我们更有可能对“同行推荐”做出回应，这意味着我们将网红视为“朋友”的事实可以让我们不太可能对我们所看到的东西持怀疑态度)”可知，把有影响力的人视为“朋友会影响我们的决策，因为我们会对所看到的广告不那么怀疑了。故选C项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a carefully crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. (所以，下次当你看到一个名人谈论一个产品时，你可能会想，这可能是一个精心设计的营销策略，旨在针对你的核心需求)”可知，下次看到名人谈论产品时，你应该考虑这是针对我们的基本需求的营销。故选D项。
25．C 26．B 27．A 28．A
【分析】这是一篇议论文。在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，许多年轻人渴望暂时停下来喘口气，因此他们选择“躺平”，他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力。但他们大多数人都不想浪费了机会和挑战，也不会真正放下自己的责任。
25．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children(低物质欲望，低消费，拒绝工作，结婚和生育的观念)…”对这种生活方式和“…many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society(在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，渴望停下来喘口气的许多年轻人)”年轻一代的生存状态的描述，可知，年轻人对这种观念是认同并受其影响的，划线词意为“触动，影响”，故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”(许多千禧一代和z一代向《环球时报》抱怨，工作压力、家庭纠纷和经济压力等负担把他们逼到了绝境。).”可知，来自家庭和社会生活的日益增长的压力可能是致使年轻人“躺平”的生活方式的原因，故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,(他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力，他们宁愿暂时躺下，作为宣泄和调整)”和“It is no wonder that some young people, … would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.(难怪一些年轻人，……会努力过一种简单的生活方式，把烦恼抛在脑后。)”可知，学者对“躺平”群体的态度是理解的，故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges(校园里的年轻人既有抱负，也对自己的未来感到困惑，但我们大多数人都拒绝了，把自己束之高悬，浪费了机会和挑战 )”和“It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later(逃跑没有用。我迟早要站起来面对现实。)”可知，他们从未真正放下自己的责任。故选A。
29．B 30．A 31．B 32．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了Elizabeth Cline在她的《过度着装》一书中表达了对“快时尚”的批判，她认为快时尚品牌以极低的价格提供紧跟潮流的产品，劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业，指出了快时尚的一些不良影响。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. (在2006年的电影版《穿普拉达的女魔头》中，由Meryl Streep饰演Miranda Priestly的责骂她那毫无魅力的助理以为高级时装不会影响到她，Priestly解释了助理的那件深蓝色毛衣是如何随着岁月的流逝从时装展沦落到百货商店，再到那个可怜的女孩无疑是在廉价货箱里找到了她的衣服的)”可知，Priestly批评她的助理是因为她对时尚不敏感。故选B。
30．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year”以及后文中“By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. (Cline认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供紧跟潮流的产品，劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业)”可知，第一段中提到的那种由上至下的时尚行业概念已经过时，也与Elizabeth Cline在《过度着装》一书中描述的狂热世界格格不入。这本书是她用三年时间对“快时尚”的控诉。她认为这些品牌劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业，即indictment意思是“控告”。A. accusation.控告；B. enthusiasm.热情；C. indifference.冷漠；D. tolerance.容忍。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be affected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.(尽管几家快时尚公司，包括H&M已经在努力减少它们对劳动力和环境的影响，但Cline认为，持续的变化只能受到消费者的影响。她展现了许多可持续发展倡导者所共有的理想主义，无论是在食物还是在能源方面)”可推知，快时尚产业忽视了可持续性。故选B。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that-and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.(在过去十年左右的时间里，技术的进步让Zara、H&M和优衣库等大众市场品牌能够更快地对潮流做出反应，更准确地预测需求。更快的周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的释放和更多的利润。这些品牌鼓励追求时尚的消费者认为衣服是一次性的——意思是只能洗一两遍，虽然他们没有做广告——并且每隔几周就更新他们的衣柜。Cline认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供紧跟潮流的产品，劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业)”结合文章主要说明了Elizabeth Cline在她的《过度着装》一书中表达了对“快时尚”的批判，她认为快时尚品牌以极低的价格提供紧跟潮流的产品，劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业，指出了快时尚的一些不良影响。可知，文章的主题是对快时尚产业的批评。故选C。
33．B 34．D 35．C 36．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了对于基因重组这一话题不同的科学家的态度，有的支持这一方面的发展，有的提出担忧，认为对人类进化的干涉可能会导致意料之外的问题，有的相信此技术在未来会得到更好的控制。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段“These are twin girls, born in November, with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection (感染) with the AIDS virus.(这对双胞胎女孩于11月出生，她们的基因经过编辑，试图帮助她们对抗未来可能感染的艾滋病病毒)”以及第五段中“He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China.(他说，他选择这样做是因为艾滋病毒感染在中国是一个大问题)”以及他的话“I feel such a strong responsibility that it’s not just to make a first, but also to set an example (我感到一种强烈的责任，这不仅是第一次，而且是树立榜样)”可知，He Jiankui之所以要制造基因编辑婴儿是因为他想努力在与艾滋病病毒的斗争中尽自己的一份力量。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据第八段中“Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations (突变), causing genetic problems early and later in life, including the development of cancer (基因编辑本身是实验性的并且仍与意外的突变，导致生命早期和后期的遗传问题，包括癌症的发展)”第九段“Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies. It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby’s eye color to intelligence.(其他人担心，这可能会打开使用基因编辑技术制造设计婴儿的大门。它可能会给父母选择从婴儿的眼睛颜色到智力的一切)”和第十段中“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality than we already live with (你会发现富有的父母为孩子购买最新的‘升级’设备，这导致了比我们现在生活的更大的不平等)”可知，那些反对基因编辑技术的人的理由中没有提到“基因编辑可以决定人体内的一切”。故选D项。
35．词句猜测题。划线词句下一段“However, others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.(然而，其他人认为尝试基因编辑技术仍然是不安全的)”语义转折，表示有人认为基因编辑技术是不安全的，说明前文是赞成基因编辑技术的，从而推断出划线词句“Considering that HIV is ‘a major and growing public health threat,’ attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable, Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.(哈佛医学院遗传学教授George Church对美联社表示，考虑到艾滋病毒是‘一个主要的、日益严重的公共健康威胁’，尝试对艾滋病毒进行基因编辑是justifiable)”中划线词语justifiable应是“正确的，可行的”的意思，选项C“可接受的”与之意义最为接近。故选C项。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讨论了对于基因重组这一话题不同的科学家的态度，有的支持这一方面的发展，如第六段；有的提出担忧，认为对人类进化的干涉可能会导致意料之外的问题，如第八、九、十段。选项C“基因编辑：人类的希望还是恐惧”突出主题，强调了两种不同的观点，适合做标题。故选C项。
37．B 38．A 39．D 40．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者关于警匪片的自己独特看法，也表达了对于传统警匪片的不认同。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The dichotomy of images was a reminder not only of the international impact of American pop culture, but of the specific influence of TV police shows.（这两种形象不仅提醒人们美国流行文化的国际影响力，也提醒人们警匪片电视节目的具体影响。）”说明警匪片是很受欢迎的。故选B项。
38．词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“On one side of the street, African children dressed in rags were playing in an open gutter. On the other side of the street, there was a billboard advertisement featuring palm trees, a beach, and a white man lowering sunglasses from his eyes. （在街道的一边，非洲的孩子们衣衫褴褛，在露天的水沟里玩耍。在街道的另一边，有一个广告牌广告，棕榈树，海滩，和一个白人男子放下太阳镜从他的眼睛。）”可知，此处为两种不同的画面进行的对比。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The unjust death of the African American George Floyd keeps me wondering how the shows we are writing contribute to the understanding of the justice system, class, race, and the image of black men. I look at this not as a creative burden, but a necessary responsibility.（非裔美国人乔治·弗洛伊德(George Floyd)的不公正之死让我一直在想，我们正在写的电视剧对理解司法体系、阶级、种族和黑人形象有何贡献。我不认为这是一种创造性的负担，而是一种必要的责任。）”可推断，作者有高度的正义感和责任感。故选D项。
40．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This can make for wildly popular entertainment, but it also risks mistaking fantasies for reality.（这可能会成为广受欢迎的娱乐，但也有可能将幻想误以为现实。）”可推断，作者对传统警匪片的态度是不赞成的。故选C项。
译林版（2020）高二英语下学期期中复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期中真题)
专题06 阅读理解之议论文10篇
（2022春·江苏常州·高二常州高级中学校考期中）Have you ever heard the dangers of helicopter parenting? Remaining too involved in a kid’s life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and some other mental problems.
This wisdom seems sound. But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling resistance. The concern: that too much of warnings and horror stories — the cover of Julie Lythcott-Haims’ bestseller How to Raise an Adult instructs moms and dads to avoid “the overparenting trap” — is discouraging parents from getting involved at all.
“Yes, parents can be intruders (unpopular people),” says Marjorie Savage, a researcher in the University of Minnesota. “At the same time, there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family.” At Hofstra University, for example, parents now ask embarrassedly about mental-health and campus-safety resources, as if bringing up those topics were forbidden, says Branka Kristic, who heads the family-outreach programs. And Savage recalls talking to a mom who kept quiet about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicopter in”.
That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning to cope with parents who get too involved, now have a different problem. In recent years, hundreds of colleges have either launched or increased their parent offices to help parents.
Much of this began, of course, because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students connected with their parents like never before. On average, they communicate 22.1 times per week, according to research from Barbara Hofer, a psychology professor at Middlebury College. That’s more than twice the rate of a decade ago, before almost every student had a smartphone.
With some moms and dads thinking twice of contacting the school in the first place, some programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach. Hofstra’s Kristic advises parents to “be a guide, while granting that the student owns the journey”. That means asking questions, listening to answers being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while.
1．In paragraph 3, parents of Hofstra University students are mentioned to __________.
A．place emphasis on the necessity of overparenting
B．give a further example of supportive overparenting
C．provide educators with a new understanding of overparenting
D．show that parents have gone to the other extreme of overparenting
2．The phrase “hopping in the chopper” in the last paragraph refers to ___________.
A．having trust in kids B．turning to social media for help
C．stepping in to solve kids’ problems D．joining a family-outreach program
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．There was less student-parent communication in the past than today.
B．Overparenting is no longer a problem because of students’ self-reliance.
C．How to Raise an Adult encourages parents to get engaged in family education.
D．Mental-health and campus-safety resources are forbidden topics among parents.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Why Overparenting Is in Question B．How to Communicate More as Parents
C．Why Colleges Need Helicopter Parents D．How to Improve Parent-school Relations
（2022春·江苏南通·高二统考期中）A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was tom apart by self-criticism. “I can’t stop beating myself up,” she told me. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?”
Many students I teach, like this athlete, believe that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field should get them exactly where they need to go. When they fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are crushed by self-blame.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play among the most privileged in particular: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind set” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. But a recent analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.
The cruel, messy reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we should all question a culture that has taught them that feeling anything less than overwhelmed means they’re lazy, and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. It’s suggested that parents and teachers spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature.
The point is not to give our kids a pass on working hard. But we would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
5．Which sort of students does the star athlete belong to?
A．Those lacking courage to make self-criticism.
B．Those tired of working all night in the library.
C．Those believing hard work surely pay off.
D．Those overprotected by their parents in life.
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Praising effort over ability will surely be beneficial to all kids.
B．The result of the “mindset” research doesn’t apply to all cases.
C．Parents should lay more emphasis on their kids’ academic performance.
D．Whether praising kids’ effort over ability does good to kids depends.
7．According to the author, how can parents help the kids overcome barriers in life?
A．By choosing where to go to college for them.
B．By pushing them to fight against the cruel reality.
C．By discouraging them from making efforts to study hard.
D．By encouraging them to stick to a worthy cause they truly love.
8．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Students should not expect too much from their study.
B．Students with positive attitudes can move on more easily.
C．Students should bear all the failures on their own.
D．Students are sure to succeed if they try their best.
（2022春·江苏淮安·高二校联考期中）It’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.
It’s also good to get along with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.
But really, there’s one superimportant reason why you should get along with your teacher. When you do, “learning bursts right open,” says Evelyn Vuko, a longtime teacher who writes an education column called “Teacher Says” for the Washington Post newspaper.
In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re also more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do the best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to when you have problems, such as problems with learning, school issues, or bullying.
As a kid in elementary or middle school, you’re at a wonderful stage in your life. You’re like a sponge (海绵), able to take in lots of new and exciting information. On top of that, you’re able to think about all this information in new ways. Remember teachers are people too, and they feel great if you’re open to what they’re teaching you. That’s why they wanted to be teachers in the first place—to teach!
In every school, kids will say certain teachers are tough. In fact, in most cases, your teacher wants to help you. And a teacher who’s called tough may be someone who feels strongly about getting his or her job done—teaching you what you are supposed to learn.
9．In the passage, the author mainly talks about________.
A．how to get along well with teachers
B．the importance of a good relationship with teachers
C．how much the students are expected to get along with teachers
D．how to make the time in the classroom more pleasant
10．How do you understand the underlined phrase “get along with” in Paragraph 1?
A．Form a good relationship with.
B．Follow the example of.
C．Leave a good impression on.
D．Sing high praise for.
11．It is good to get along with your teacher for the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.
A．it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant
B．it’s smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life
C．you can get more presents from the teacher
D．you’re also more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help
12．Which of the comments is NOT true on teachers and their work according to the passage?
A．Though few, there are still some students who can learn even if they don’t like the teachers.
B．Teachers sometimes have the same feelings as students do.
C．Having a bad relationship with your teachers does more or less harm to your studies.
D．Teachers are excited even if you wouldn’t like to accept their teaching.
（2022春·江苏连云港·高二连云港高中校考期中）There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion (排 除) of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.”
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
13．What is good about being a generalist?
A．You don’t need to be pushed by society.
B．You will need to know less and less.
C．You know more about your occupation.
D．You can enjoy your life to the fullest.
14．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about specialists’ ______.
A．choices B．limitations C．regrets D．expectations
15．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who ________.
A．is fully aware of his talent and ability
B．should love poetry and philosophy
C．brings knowledge of other fields to work
D．is a committed specialist in medicine
16．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
D．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
（2022春·江苏盐城·高二江苏省阜宁中学校联考期中）An advance in electronic publishing could make the book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers are releasing books with added soundtracks and musical accompaniments.
The noise in the first multimedia books released in Britain include rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. Works by Oscar Wilde and Rudyard Kipling are also available. When the plot of a book reaches a climax, background music will create tension. In America, works by Shakespeare and Jane Austen have already been released with music and background noise so that, for example, readers can hear tea cups clinking in Mr. Darcy's garden as they read Pride and Prejudice.
Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noises will ruin the simple pleasure of enjoying the imagination required to read a book.
Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency PFD, said, "Concentration now is such that people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying an email at the same time. If that's what the market wants, then we should respond to the market.
Booktrack's sound effects work by figuring out the user's reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses(重新评估) where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to play accordingly. If the soundtrack is not in agreement with the words, a click on any word will re-set it.
Some authors fear a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of One Day, said, "This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I'm constantly disturbed (干扰)by emails and so I've given up on it for the time being.
Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whose novel Shatter the Bones was an e-book bestseller, sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said, "If I'm reading, I will do the noises in my head. I don't need someone to tell me what cutting a tree sounds like. That would upset me.
17．The e-book soundtrack is intended________.
A．to make readers focus on the story
B．to help readers with unknown vocabulary
C．to strengthen readers' impression of characters
D．to add tension when the book reaches an exciting point
18．The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 5 refers to________.
A．the soundtrack
B．the speed of reading
C．the software
D．the required time
19．What's Stuart MacBride' s attitude to soundtracks?
A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Unconcerned. D．Disrespectful
20．The text is most probably taken from________.
A．a book review
B．a personal diary
C．a science textbook
D．a newspaper report
（2022秋·江苏盐城·高二校考期中）Have you ever been on social media and seen your favourite celebrity talking about a product? These endorsements—might not be totally random, and are actually seen as a vital part of the marketing process. The question is: How do social media influencers ‘influence’ what you buy?
Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, make us susceptible to being ‘socially influenced’. Companies often use that desire to have a similar lifestyle to a celebrity we admire to hawk or launch a product. So, what do these endorsements actually do?
Firstly, they can be used to build brand awareness. A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create engaging content that not only adheres to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before.
Secondly, influencers can improve a company or product’s relationship with their customer base. According to In Moment’s 2018 US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand loyal for more than ten years. This is also true of 60% of millennials. popular celebrity can target key demographics and talk or blog about a product, which can create an instant and lasting bond with the consumer.
Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with seemingly ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be sceptical about what we are seeing.
So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a carefully crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. If you find yourself perusing a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced.
21．Why can social influencers make such engaging content? Because they ________.
A．are internet celebrities
B．know how to use the platform they are working on.
C．have used the products themselves
D．are involved in the making of the products
22．Which factor does not help to make ‘social influence’ so effective?
A．Being independent B．Making friends
C．Belonging to a group. D．Human desire for status
23．How does seeing an influencer as a ‘friend’ affect our decision making?
A．We are not much influenced.
B．We believe everything they say.
C．We are less doubtful about adverts we are seeing.
D．We want to make friends with them.
24．What should you consider the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product?
A．It is exactly what I need.
B．We don’t need it at all.
C．There’s more to learn about the celebrity.
D．Our essential needs are being targeted.
（2022秋·江苏盐城·高二校考期中）The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.
Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution (内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.
“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”
Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.
“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”
25．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Warned. B．Criticized.
C．Touched. D．Amused.
26．What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?
A．Improvements in living conditions.
B．Growing pressure from family and social life.
C．Increasing material possessions from families.
D．Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.
27．What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?
A．Understanding. B．Intolerant.
C．Supportive. D．Unclear.
28．What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?
A．They never really drop their responsibilities.
B．They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.
C．They find their dreams far beyond their reach.
D．They would rather escape than take challenges.
（2022·江苏苏州·高二期中）In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that-and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes-and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be affected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
29．Priestly criticizes her assistant for her _____________.
A．poor bargaining skill. B．insensitivity to fashion.
C．obsession with high fashion. D．lack of imagination.
30．The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to ______________.
A．accusation. B．enthusiasm. C．indifference. D．tolerance.
31．Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
B．The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
C．People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
D．Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
32．What is the subject of the text?
A．Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. B．Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
C．Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. D．Exposure of a mass-market secret.
（2022秋·江苏泰州·高二校联考期中）What makes a human being? Is it our thoughts? Our emotions? Our behavior?
All of these things make us who we are, but at the center of the matter is the genome (基因组) — the genes inside our bodies that may determine everything from our hair colour to our intelligence. But if we could change our genome, what would it mean to us?
In an online video posted on Nov 26, He Jiankui, a biological researcher from Southern University of Science and Technology in China, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.
These are twin girls, born in November, with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection (感染) with the AIDS virus.
He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China. “I feel such a strong responsibility that it’s not just to make a first, but also to set an example,” He told the Associated Press(AP).
The announcement has caused an international storm. Some believe that success will benefit the families of HIV patients. Considering that HIV is “a major and growing public health threat,” attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable, Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.
However, others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.
“Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations (突变), causing genetic problems early and later in life, including the development of cancer,” Julian Savulescu, a specialist in ethics at the University of Oxford, told BBC News.
Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies. It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby’s eye color to intelligence.
“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics, told BBC News.
However, Merlin Crossley, a biologist at the University of New South Wales, Australia, believes that’s a long way off. According to him, many genes produce qualities like height and intelligence — not to mention environmental influences.
And he believes the technology will be better controlled in the future.
“It’s hard to get genies (妖怪) back into bottles — but I’m optimistic that this technology, which I think of as ‘genetic surgery’, could be controlled quite effectively in the future,” Crossley told ABC News.
33．Why did He Jiankui make the genetically edited babies?
A．Because he wanted to be a leader in gene editing technology.
B．Because he tried to do his part in fighting against HIV infection.
C．Because he attempted to help the twin girls who were infected with AIDS.
D．Because he wanted to became the first to make the genetically edited babies in the world.
34．For those who are against gene editing technology, their reasons are as follows EXCEPT ________.
A．Gene editing can cause genetic problems sooner or later in life
B．Gene editing may widen the gap between the rich and the poor
C．Gene editing may enable wealthy parents to design their babies
D．Gene editing can determine everything inside a person’s body
35．What does the underlined word “justifiable” in paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Absurd. B．Hopeless. C．Acceptable. D．Skilful.
36．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Gene editing: the genie in the bottle
B．Gene editing: the way we should go
C．Gene editing: hope or fear for human beings
D．Gene editing: a great success in human history
（2022春·江苏盐城·高二江苏省阜宁中学校考期中）A few years ago, I had the honor of traveling through Accra, Ghana, an African city. As I rode down a main avenue, images grabbed my attention. On one side of the street, African children dressed in rags were playing in an open gutter (排水沟). On the other side of the street, there was a billboard advertisement featuring palm trees, a beach, and a white man lowering sunglasses from his eyes. If you are a fan of the American police shows, it’s not hard to see that the man in the ad is David Caruso, the righteous(正义的) cop in Crime Scene Investigation: Miami.
The dichotomy of images was a reminder not only of the international impact of American pop culture, but of the specific influence of TV police shows.
In Hollywood, I’m a rare creature, a black man who has made a career writing for network police shows, having eventually created my own show, S.W.A．T., for CBS. For me, writing television can never simply be about entertainment. The unjust death of the African American George Floyd keeps me wondering how the shows we are writing contribute to the understanding of the justice system, class, race, and the image of black men. I look at this not as a creative burden, but a necessary responsibility.
The past 60 years have seen numerous cop shows like Dragnet and Adam 12, where police, typically are beacons(灯塔) of morality who never do wrong while criminals are always people of color, particularly black men. This can make for wildly popular entertainment, but it also risks mistaking fantasies for reality. People watch TV to see heroes, but how are we defining who a hero is? For people of color, especially black people, the viewing experience is complex.
37．The images the author saw in Africa imply________.
A．the unrealistic advertisement
B．TV police shows’ great popularity
C．poor education of African children
D．the background of American culture
38．What does the underlined word “dichotomy” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Contrast. B．Trend.
C．Confusion. D．Boom.
39．What can we learn about the author?
A．He writes plays for pleasure.
B．He is very creative and influential.
C．He has created many shows including Dragnet.
D．He has high sense of justice and responsibility.
40．What’s the author’s attitude to traditional TV police shows?
A．Ambiguous. B．Objective.
C．Disapproving. D．Appreciative.
考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。为避免“过度养育”，很多父母们不参与孩子的生活和教育。文章论述了父母走向这个极端对孩子的不利之处。作者认为父母应该采取更平衡的方式，平时要信任孩子能自己解决问题，但是当孩子的问题持续或孩子有危险时，父母还是应该当“直升机父母”，帮助孩子解决问题。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The concern: that too much of warnings and horror stories — the cover of Julie Lythcott-Haims’ bestseller How to Raise an Adult instructs moms and dads to avoid “the overparenting trap” — is discouraging parents from getting involved at all.(令人担忧的是：朱莉·莱思·科特·哈伊姆斯的畅销书《如何抚养成人》的封面上有太多的警告和恐怖故事，这些故事指导父母避免“过度养育陷阱”，这让父母根本不敢参与其中)”以及第三段中“At Hofstra University, for example, parents now ask embarrassedly about mental-health and campus-safety resources, as if bringing up those topics were forbidden, says Branka Kristic, who heads the family-outreach programs. And Savage recalls talking to a mom who kept quiet about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicopter in”.(例如，在霍夫斯特拉大学，现在家长们询问孩子的心理健康和校园安全问题时，感到很为难，好像提出这些话题是被禁止的，家庭外展项目负责人布兰卡·克里斯蒂克说。萨维奇回忆说，她曾和一位母亲交谈过，这位母亲对儿子的抑郁症迹象只字不提，直到儿子一学期考试不及格。她不想“直升机降落”。) ”可知，“直升机教育”的弊端让父母现在不去参与孩子的生活和教育。文章举出霍夫斯特拉大学学生的父母的例子，是为了说明现在父母不愿意当“直升机父母”，不参与孩子的生活和教育，从而走到了“过度养育”的另一个极端。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Hofstra’s Kristic advises parents to “be a guide, while granting that the student owns the journey”. That means asking questions, listening to answers being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems.(霍夫斯特拉大学的Kristic教授建议家长“做一个向导，同时允许学生走自己的生活道路”。这意味着家长可以通过问问题，听答案，并且要有耐心，信任孩子能解决他们自己的问题)”结合but表示语义转折；后面提到Kristic的进一步观点，“if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while.”可知，Kristic教授认为，如果学生的问题持续存在，或学生处于严重的精神或身体危险中，这还是需要家长参与孩子的生活和教育，帮助孩子解决问题，至少在一段时间内应该这样做。由此可以猜测“hopping in the chopper”意思为“介入并解决孩子的问题”。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Much of this began, of course, because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students connected with their parents like never before. On average, they communicate 22.1 times per week, according to research from Barbara Hofer, a psychology professor at Middlebury College. That’s more than twice the rate of a decade ago, before almost every student had a smartphone. (当然，这在很大程度上是因为学校被迫面对一代与父母有着前所未有联系的学生。根据米德尔伯里学院心理学教授芭芭拉·霍弗的研究，他们平均每周交流22.1次。这是十年前的两倍多，当时几乎每个学生都没有智能手机)”可推知，过去学生与家长之间的交流比现在少得多。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling resistance.”“直升机父母”的现象让很多父母为了避免“过度养育”，从而不参与孩子的生活和教育，这种迹象让教育者感到不安；第三段中提到“there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family.”该段说明有越来越多的家长在学生真正需要家庭时拒绝帮助孩子，并举例说明其带来的危害；第六段中“if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper”霍夫斯特拉大学的Kristic教授认为如果孩子的问题持续存在，或处于严重的精神或身体危险，父母还是要参与和帮助孩子，至少在一段时间内当“直升机父母”。由此可知，文章是说论述为什么孩子还是需要“直升机父母”的。故选C。
5．C 6．D 7．D 8．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了年轻人认为的努力肯定会有回报有时候不一定是正确的，心理学家将这种现象归因于对“心态”研究的误用，该研究发现，表扬孩子的努力会提高他们的学习成绩。残酷而混乱的现实是，你可以尽你所能做任何事情，但仍然失败。对此父母可以鼓励孩子们坚持他们真正热爱的有价值的事业来帮助孩子克服生活中的障碍。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many students I teach, like this athlete, believe that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field should get them exactly where they need to go. When they fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are crushed by self-blame. ”(我教过的许多学生，比如这位运动员，都认为在图书馆里通宵学习，在赛场上训练几个小时，应该能让他们达到目的。当他们没有达到他们认为应该达到的目标时，他们就会被自责击垮)可知，这位明星运动员属于那些相信努力工作肯定会有回报的人。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But a 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone. ”(但2018年的一项分析发现，尽管称赞努力胜过能力可能有利于高风险或经济困难的学生，但这并不一定对每个人都有帮助)可知，是否表扬孩子的努力而不是能力对孩子有好处取决于实际情况。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It’s suggested that parents and teachers spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature. ”(有人建议家长和老师花时间帮助学生找到目标，或他们真正喜欢追求的、对世界产生影响的目标，这可能会帮助他们获得更大的生活满意度，在心理上变得更成熟)可知，父母可以鼓励孩子们坚持他们真正热爱的、有价值的事业来帮助孩子克服生活中的障碍。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s often the people who learn to say ‘stuff happens’ who get up the fastest. ”(往往是那些学会说“世事无常”的人最快地行动起来)可知，有积极态度的学生更容易前进。故选B。
9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章论述了良好的师生关系的作用，良好的师生关系能使你在学校过得很愉快，能使你的学习更容易。
9．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“It’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(和老师相处融洽很好，因为这会让你在教室里度过的时间更愉快。)”可知，本文主要讲的是良好的师生关系的作用，即“the importance of a good relationship with teachers”。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant(这会让你在教室里度过的时间更愉快)”可知，在教室里过得愉快，那肯定是和老师关系很好，因此划线短语“get along with”意思是“建立良好的关系”，和A选项“Form a good relationship with”意思相近，故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段的“It’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(和老师相处很好，因为这会让你在教室里度过的时间更愉快。)”可知，A项是原因；根据第二段的“It’s also good to get along with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.(与你的老师相处也很好，因为，总的来说，学习如何与你一生中会遇到的不同类型的人相处是聪明的。)”可知，B项是原因；根据第四段的“In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re also more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help.(事实上，与老师相处融洽的孩子不仅学得更多，而且他们也更乐于提问和获得额外的帮助。)”可知，D项是原因；文中并未提到C选项，故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Remember teachers are people too, and they feel great if you’re open to what they’re teaching you.(记住老师也是人，如果你愿意接受他们教给你的东西，他们会感觉很好。)”可知，D选项“Teachers are excited even if you wouldn’t like to accept their teaching.(即使你不愿意接受他们的教学，老师也会很兴奋。)”为主观臆断，因此是错误的，故选D。
13．D 14．C 15．C 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了作为专家需要具备的知识及作为一个多面手需要具备的东西，并对两者进行了比较与讨论，建议做一个多面手。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. (即使你是一个专家，作为一个多面手也是有道理的。对很多你感兴趣的事情略知一二，就能让你的生活更加丰富多彩。）”可知，做一个多面手的好处是你可以尽情享受生活。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit.(这些专家每天晚上在办公室工作到10点，然后回顾过去，他们会意识到，他们本想回家享受家人和朋友的甜蜜，或去令人兴奋的地方旅行，遇见有趣的人。掌握一件事而排斥其他事会阻碍你真正的精神。)”可知，本段主要讨论专家的遗憾。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段的“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.”（一个既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一个优秀的医生，他能给他的病人比良好的医疗技术更多的东西。）”可知，作者认为一位优秀的医生不仅仅是纯粹的医生，他在诗歌和哲学上所知的东西也会运用到工作中去，给予病人超越医术的东西，会将其他领域的知识带到工作中去。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据第五段“Toni”的例子上文内容“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物是相互关联的。让你在某一领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你探索了它们的深度，你会发现它们是联系的。）”可推断，作者想用托妮的例子来说明表面上不相关的兴趣在某种程度上是相关的。故选C。
17．D 18．A 19．B 20．D
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。电子读物是否应该增加背景声音，不同的人士提出了不同的看法。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“When the plot of a book reaches a climax, background music will create tension. ”（当一本书的情节达到高潮时，背景音乐会产生紧张感。）可知，当一本书的情节达到高潮时，背景音乐会制作紧张气氛，即在情节高潮时增添紧张气氛。故选D项。
18．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“If the soundtrack is not in agreement with the words,a click on any word will re-set it”(如果原声带与歌词不一致，点击任何一个单词都可以重新设置它。),可知此处it指代原声带。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ He said, "If I'm reading, I will do the noises in my head. I don't need someone to tell me what cutting a tree sounds like. That would upset me.”（他说:“如果我在读书，我就会在脑海中制造噪音。我不需要别人来告诉我砍树是什么声音。那会让我心烦的。”）可知，Stuart MacBride认为背景音乐令人不愉快。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。文章第一段引入文章的主旨话题--有背景声音的电子读物；然后通过接下来的几段文章列举了支持和反对有声电子读物的正反双方的观点。所以短文属于社会问题和社会现象类的短语，所以短文来自新闻报道。故选D项。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了“社交媒体影响力”对个人购买行为的影响。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create engaging content that not only adheres to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before. (社交媒体上的有影响力的人应该对他们所运营的平台有深刻的了解，这样才能创造出有吸引力的内容，不仅符合品牌形象，还能激发他们的粉丝对他们可能从未见过的产品的兴趣)”可知，社交影响者可以制作如此有吸引力的内容是因为他们知道如何利用他们正在工作的平台。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, make us susceptible to being ‘socially influenced’. (人类对地位和交朋友的渴望，加上我们对归属群体的需要，使我们容易受到“社会影响”)”可知，选项A“独立”不是使“社会影响”如此有效的因素。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据第五段中“We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be sceptical about what we are seeing. (与传统广告相比，我们更有可能对“同行推荐”做出回应，这意味着我们将网红视为“朋友”的事实可以让我们不太可能对我们所看到的东西持怀疑态度)”可知，把有影响力的人视为“朋友会影响我们的决策，因为我们会对所看到的广告不那么怀疑了。故选C项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a carefully crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. (所以，下次当你看到一个名人谈论一个产品时，你可能会想，这可能是一个精心设计的营销策略，旨在针对你的核心需求)”可知，下次看到名人谈论产品时，你应该考虑这是针对我们的基本需求的营销。故选D项。
25．C 26．B 27．A 28．A
【分析】这是一篇议论文。在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，许多年轻人渴望暂时停下来喘口气，因此他们选择“躺平”，他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力。但他们大多数人都不想浪费了机会和挑战，也不会真正放下自己的责任。
25．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children(低物质欲望，低消费，拒绝工作，结婚和生育的观念)…”对这种生活方式和“…many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society(在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，渴望停下来喘口气的许多年轻人)”年轻一代的生存状态的描述，可知，年轻人对这种观念是认同并受其影响的，划线词意为“触动，影响”，故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”(许多千禧一代和z一代向《环球时报》抱怨，工作压力、家庭纠纷和经济压力等负担把他们逼到了绝境。).”可知，来自家庭和社会生活的日益增长的压力可能是致使年轻人“躺平”的生活方式的原因，故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,(他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力，他们宁愿暂时躺下，作为宣泄和调整)”和“It is no wonder that some young people, … would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.(难怪一些年轻人，……会努力过一种简单的生活方式，把烦恼抛在脑后。)”可知，学者对“躺平”群体的态度是理解的，故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges(校园里的年轻人既有抱负，也对自己的未来感到困惑，但我们大多数人都拒绝了，把自己束之高悬，浪费了机会和挑战 )”和“It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later(逃跑没有用。我迟早要站起来面对现实。)”可知，他们从未真正放下自己的责任。故选A。
29．B 30．A 31．B 32．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了Elizabeth Cline在她的《过度着装》一书中表达了对“快时尚”的批判，她认为快时尚品牌以极低的价格提供紧跟潮流的产品，劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业，指出了快时尚的一些不良影响。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. (在2006年的电影版《穿普拉达的女魔头》中，由Meryl Streep饰演Miranda Priestly的责骂她那毫无魅力的助理以为高级时装不会影响到她，Priestly解释了助理的那件深蓝色毛衣是如何随着岁月的流逝从时装展沦落到百货商店，再到那个可怜的女孩无疑是在廉价货箱里找到了她的衣服的)”可知，Priestly批评她的助理是因为她对时尚不敏感。故选B。
30．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year”以及后文中“By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. (Cline认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供紧跟潮流的产品，劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业)”可知，第一段中提到的那种由上至下的时尚行业概念已经过时，也与Elizabeth Cline在《过度着装》一书中描述的狂热世界格格不入。这本书是她用三年时间对“快时尚”的控诉。她认为这些品牌劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业，即indictment意思是“控告”。A. accusation.控告；B. enthusiasm.热情；C. indifference.冷漠；D. tolerance.容忍。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be affected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.(尽管几家快时尚公司，包括H&M已经在努力减少它们对劳动力和环境的影响，但Cline认为，持续的变化只能受到消费者的影响。她展现了许多可持续发展倡导者所共有的理想主义，无论是在食物还是在能源方面)”可推知，快时尚产业忽视了可持续性。故选B。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that-and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.(在过去十年左右的时间里，技术的进步让Zara、H&M和优衣库等大众市场品牌能够更快地对潮流做出反应，更准确地预测需求。更快的周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的释放和更多的利润。这些品牌鼓励追求时尚的消费者认为衣服是一次性的——意思是只能洗一两遍，虽然他们没有做广告——并且每隔几周就更新他们的衣柜。Cline认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供紧跟潮流的产品，劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业)”结合文章主要说明了Elizabeth Cline在她的《过度着装》一书中表达了对“快时尚”的批判，她认为快时尚品牌以极低的价格提供紧跟潮流的产品，劫持了时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性变化的行业，指出了快时尚的一些不良影响。可知，文章的主题是对快时尚产业的批评。故选C。
33．B 34．D 35．C 36．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了对于基因重组这一话题不同的科学家的态度，有的支持这一方面的发展，有的提出担忧，认为对人类进化的干涉可能会导致意料之外的问题，有的相信此技术在未来会得到更好的控制。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段“These are twin girls, born in November, with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection (感染) with the AIDS virus.(这对双胞胎女孩于11月出生，她们的基因经过编辑，试图帮助她们对抗未来可能感染的艾滋病病毒)”以及第五段中“He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China.(他说，他选择这样做是因为艾滋病毒感染在中国是一个大问题)”以及他的话“I feel such a strong responsibility that it’s not just to make a first, but also to set an example (我感到一种强烈的责任，这不仅是第一次，而且是树立榜样)”可知，He Jiankui之所以要制造基因编辑婴儿是因为他想努力在与艾滋病病毒的斗争中尽自己的一份力量。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据第八段中“Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations (突变), causing genetic problems early and later in life, including the development of cancer (基因编辑本身是实验性的并且仍与意外的突变，导致生命早期和后期的遗传问题，包括癌症的发展)”第九段“Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies. It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby’s eye color to intelligence.(其他人担心，这可能会打开使用基因编辑技术制造设计婴儿的大门。它可能会给父母选择从婴儿的眼睛颜色到智力的一切)”和第十段中“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality than we already live with (你会发现富有的父母为孩子购买最新的‘升级’设备，这导致了比我们现在生活的更大的不平等)”可知，那些反对基因编辑技术的人的理由中没有提到“基因编辑可以决定人体内的一切”。故选D项。
35．词句猜测题。划线词句下一段“However, others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.(然而，其他人认为尝试基因编辑技术仍然是不安全的)”语义转折，表示有人认为基因编辑技术是不安全的，说明前文是赞成基因编辑技术的，从而推断出划线词句“Considering that HIV is ‘a major and growing public health threat,’ attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable, Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.(哈佛医学院遗传学教授George Church对美联社表示，考虑到艾滋病毒是‘一个主要的、日益严重的公共健康威胁’，尝试对艾滋病毒进行基因编辑是justifiable)”中划线词语justifiable应是“正确的，可行的”的意思，选项C“可接受的”与之意义最为接近。故选C项。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讨论了对于基因重组这一话题不同的科学家的态度，有的支持这一方面的发展，如第六段；有的提出担忧，认为对人类进化的干涉可能会导致意料之外的问题，如第八、九、十段。选项C“基因编辑：人类的希望还是恐惧”突出主题，强调了两种不同的观点，适合做标题。故选C项。
37．B 38．A 39．D 40．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者关于警匪片的自己独特看法，也表达了对于传统警匪片的不认同。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The dichotomy of images was a reminder not only of the international impact of American pop culture, but of the specific influence of TV police shows.（这两种形象不仅提醒人们美国流行文化的国际影响力，也提醒人们警匪片电视节目的具体影响。）”说明警匪片是很受欢迎的。故选B项。
38．词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“On one side of the street, African children dressed in rags were playing in an open gutter. On the other side of the street, there was a billboard advertisement featuring palm trees, a beach, and a white man lowering sunglasses from his eyes. （在街道的一边，非洲的孩子们衣衫褴褛，在露天的水沟里玩耍。在街道的另一边，有一个广告牌广告，棕榈树，海滩，和一个白人男子放下太阳镜从他的眼睛。）”可知，此处为两种不同的画面进行的对比。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The unjust death of the African American George Floyd keeps me wondering how the shows we are writing contribute to the understanding of the justice system, class, race, and the image of black men. I look at this not as a creative burden, but a necessary responsibility.（非裔美国人乔治·弗洛伊德(George Floyd)的不公正之死让我一直在想，我们正在写的电视剧对理解司法体系、阶级、种族和黑人形象有何贡献。我不认为这是一种创造性的负担，而是一种必要的责任。）”可推断，作者有高度的正义感和责任感。故选D项。
40．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This can make for wildly popular entertainment, but it also risks mistaking fantasies for reality.（这可能会成为广受欢迎的娱乐，但也有可能将幻想误以为现实。）”可推断，作者对传统警匪片的态度是不赞成的。故选C项。
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