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- 专题04 完形填空15篇（名校最新期中真题）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（牛津译林版2020） 试卷 1 次下载
- 专题05 阅读理解之应用文10篇（名校最新期中真题）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（牛津译林版2020） 试卷 0 次下载
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专题06 阅读理解之议论文10篇（名校最新期中真题）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（牛津译林版2020）
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这是一份专题06 阅读理解之议论文10篇（名校最新期中真题）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（牛津译林版2020），共23页。试卷主要包含了 INPE said等内容，欢迎下载使用。
译林版（2020）高一英语下学期期中复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期中真题)
专题07 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2022秋·江苏南京·高一南京市第九中学校考期中）Protected areas have mixed success in protecting wildlife, according to the largest study on the effects of reserves(保护区).
A team led by researchers from the U. K. examined water bird data from 1, 506 protected areas and analyzed more than 27, 000 bird populations across the world. The authors write that their study, published in Nature, is the first robust(强有力的), global assessment of protected area influence on bird populations. The scientists found that protected areas with management of water birds and their habitats were more likely to benefit those populations.
“Our study shows that, while many protected areas are working well, many others are failing to have positive effect, ” lead author Hannah Wauchope of the University of Exeter says in a statement. Rather than focusing only on the total global area protected, we need more focus on ensuring areas are well-managed to benefit biodiversity(生物多样性) . “The study compared water bird populations before and after the establishment of protected areas and also compared trends of similar populations within and outside of protected areas. Water birds respond quickly to changes in site quality, making them a good group to look at when studying the impact of protected areas.
“In the majority of places we looked at, wildlife populations were still stable or were increasing, but they weren’t doing any better than in unprotected areas, ” Wauchope says. “That’s disappointing, but not surprising. There seems to be this disconnect between people talking about how much land is protected and whether those areas are actually doing anything positive. ”
This research comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity goals for the next decade. Several countries have already devoted to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet researchers say protection alone does not necessarily ensure positive outcomes for species.
“Efforts to reach a certain area-based goal such as 30 percent by 2030--without a focus on improving the condition of existing protected areas will achieve little, ” says co-author Julia Jones from Bangor University. “When world leaders gather in China later this year to set goals for the next decade, I really hope to see a focus on effectiveness of protected areas, rather than simply how much surface area is devoted to them.”
“We are not saying protected areas don’t work, ”Wauchope concludes in the statement. “The key point is that their effects vary hugely, and the biggest thing this depends on is whether they are managed with species in mind-we can’t just expect protected areas to work without effective management. ”
1．What is the purpose of the UK’s study?
A．To see whether bird populations have increased in protected areas.
B．To test whether water birds can adapt to new environments.
C．To record the changes of water birds worldwide.
D．To help water birds survive in hard conditions.
2．Why are water birds chosen as the study subject?
A．They are an endangered species
B．They can sense environmental changes.
C．They can help change the quality of waters.
D．They can hardly be found outside protected areas.
3．What fact makes Wauchope feel disappointed?
A．Protected areas are not attractive to water birds.
B．There is a decline in the number of protected areas.
C．There is not enough protected land around the world.
D．Protected areas fail to work better than unprotected areas.
4．What is Hannah Wauchope’s advice about protected areas?
A．They should occupy a large area.
B．They should host various animals.
C．They should be under good management.
D．They should give water birds more freedom.
（2022秋·江苏南京·高一南京市第九中学校考期中）Kindness is seen as a true strength, and the success of civilizations relies on kindness. As parents and teachers, we also teach children from a young age to “be kind to one another” and “treat others the way you want to be treated.”
In addition to being helpful to our interpersonal relationships, research has shown that kindness can even contribute to our well-being. According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone (激素) Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person. There can be a positive contagion (扩散) effect, where other people are motivated to be nice if they receive a random act of kindness. The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits? Let’s think about this in the workplace or in an organization.
You are the new person on the team and you want to be well-liked and respected by your colleagues. You are a kind person and tell your team, “Let me know how I can help you; I’m always available to help. ”Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.
Let’s fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. In fact, the only time they communicate with you is when they need something. You have been so helpful to your colleagues and there has rarely been any return from them.
In a very broad sense, it is advantageous to be kind to others, and your kind acts will be appreciated and, perhaps, paid forward. However, you need to be willing to say “no”. Recognize when your plate is already too full. When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying “no” to others and saying “yes” to yourself.
5．What has the Mayo Clinic found concerning kindness?
A．It does good to our mind.
B．It reduces hormone levels.
C．It adds years to people’s life.
D．It leads to the success of civilizations.
6．What might the new person feel one year later?
A．Grateful. B．Bored.
C．Disappointed. D．Energetic.
7．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．When you’re too full to eat anything.
B．When your kind acts get appreciated.
C．When you should ask others a favor.
D．When you’re physically and mentally tired.
8．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Your kindness counts for your well-being!
B．Are we tiring ourselves with kindness?
C．Why are random acts of kindness important?
D．Never underestimate the power of kindness at work!
（2022秋·江苏南京·高一南京航空航天大学附属高级中学校考期中）Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been catching global headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change and do damage to biodiversity (生物多样性).
As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called “the lungs of the world”. It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and I million local people. The huge lands of rainforest play an important role in the world’s ecosystem because they take in heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere (大气层). They also store carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and produce oxygen, making sure that less carbon is given off, mitigating the effects of climate change.
“Any forest destruction is a harm to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity.” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. The shocking result is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere.” he stressed. “Facing the global climate change, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected,” UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said.
Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year from a year ago. A total of 71,497 forest fires were recorded in the country in the first eight months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018. INPE said. “It’s reported that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months,” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.
Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose drop could have severe results for global climate and rainfall. The size of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined. but the emergency has spread over Brazil’s borders, reaching Peruvian, Paraguayan and Bolivian areas.
9．What is the second paragraph mainly talking about?
A．The effects of climate change. B．The role of the Amazon rainforest.
C．The results of the Amazon rainforest fires. D．The causes of the decreasing biodiversity.
10．Which of the following best explains “mitigating” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A．Reducing. B．Causing. C．Worsening. D．Strengthening.
11．What can we learn from Thomas’ and Antonio’s words?
A．The biodiversity makes the rainforests unique.
B．The rainforest fires give rise to serious effects.
C．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.
D．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.
12．Which section of a magazine is this text probably taken from?
A．Sports and music. B．Science and technology.
C．Nature and geography. D．Business and culture.
（2022秋·江苏·高一江苏省新海高级中学校考期中）Most of you will have noticed hosting a dinner party is harder than before. One friend needs dairy-free food, one can’t eat onion and two are vegetarian. Are food intolerances increasing? Or do we just hear more about them now?
Food intolerances are reactions to eating foods, in normal quantities, which do not involve the immune system. They are very different from food allergies (过敏) which happen when the body mounts an immune response to a food that is either eaten or even touches the skin. This immune response is very quick (within 20 minutes to two hours) and releases chemicals that can affect the person’s breathing and heart. The reasons behind food intolerances can vary greatly. A common one is people lack enzymes (酶) needed for breaking down nutrients.
While it may seem as if food intolerances are increasing, we lack the data and actual numbers, perhaps because food intolerances generally do not lead to taking medications or seeking urgent (紧急的) medical treatment. A 2009 report suggests about 20% of the population has one or more food intolerances, with no change since 1994. A more recent survey from 2020 of self-reported intolerances in internet users indicated about 25% of the population.
The increase may result from many factors. Some people may self-diagnose (自我诊断) a food intolerance from well-intended but misleading health advice from family and friends. Additionally, people may incorrectly owe medical symptoms (症状) to foods they have eaten. We also have an increased ability to self-diagnose, thanks to Dr Google. Today, when attending social events with food, we can provide our dietary requirements. This also contributes to normalising food intolerances, compared to even a decade ago. Previously people would have suffered in silence or simply avoided consuming their problematic foods at events. Another factor could be more and more people of different nations living in one area, some of whom are genetically more likely to have a food intolerance.
If you suspect you have a food intolerance, you’d better see a doctor to ensure you are not ignoring a potentially concerning medical problem. Also, this can make sure you are not needlessly missing out on essential nutrients required for good health.
13．What is the main message of paragraph 2?
A．Most people suffer from food allergies.
B．People should take food allergies lightly.
C．Food intolerances may develop into food allergies.
D．Food intolerances are different from food allergies.
14．What is a finding of the 2009 report?
A．Internet users are more likely to have food intolerances.
B．20% of the population self - diagnoses a food intolerance.
C．The number of people having food intolerances remained the same between 1994 and 2009.
D．The number of people having food intolerances might increase by 5% in the next ten years.
15．What might be a reason behind the increase of food intolerance cases? .
A．People’s wide use of the internet.
B．People attending social events more often.
C．People suffering from various gene problems.
D．People’s failure to recognise problematic foods.
16．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?
A．To correct a mistake. B．To give a suggestion.
C．To make a prediction. D．To make a promise.
（2022秋·江苏镇江·高一统考期中）Every year on June 21st, World Music Day is commemorated in over 120 countries, including its birthplace of France, to honor both amateur and professional musicians. Citizens of a city or country are permitted and encouraged to perform music outside in their neighborhoods, public areas, and parks on Music Day. Free concerts are also held, where musicians perform for the joy of it rather than for a fee.
In the 1970s, American musician Joel Cohen, who was then working for a French radio station, came up with the idea of having musicians perform on the evening of June 21 to celebrate the start of summer. It was finally accepted by France’s Ministry of Culture in 1982. The day started in France and has since extended to countries such as Belgium, the United Kingdom and others. It’s the ideal time to learn a new instrument or listen to songs they wouldn’t ordinarily include on their playlist. Every type of musician can celebrate World Music Day with friends, family, and even strangers, whether they are young, elderly, new, or seasoned professionals. The purpose is to promote music.
It makes no difference how good you are at making music; everyone can do it. This day can be used by even the most tone-deaf folks to sing their hearts out and appreciate the beauty and power of music. Music is not only a great way to express yourself, but it may also be beneficial to your health. A song might bring back a joyful memory or make you feel energized when you listen to it.
17．Where did the World Music Day begin?
A．France. B．American. C．Belgium. D．China.
18．Why are some concerts held for free?
A．For reputation. B．For entertainment. C．For experience. D．For occupation.
19．What do we know about the World Music Day?
A．Those who are not expert in music are not welcome.
B．Joel Cohen put forward the idea of performing music for free.
C．The purpose of it is to instruct tone-deaf people in music.
D．You can listen to some songs not included on the playlist.
20．What’s the author’s attitude towards music?
A．Challenging. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Sceptical.
（2022秋·江苏淮安·高一校联考期中）Do you ever listen to the songs that your parents like? Chances are that you don’t. You probably think the music that they like is old and boring and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler. But scientists found that people’s music taste changes as time goes by. So it is likely that your own musical preferences will follow a similar path to your parents’, whether you like it or not.
We used to think that culture and personality (个性) are the only reasons for different music choices. But researchers at the University of Cambridge noticed that as people enter into different age groups, their social environment changes, and so does their music taste. There are some musical periods that people go through in their life.
The first period comes in the teenage years, during which people like strong music such as punk and rock, because teenagers tend to be aggressive or want to be independent.
But as people move into early adulthood, their lifestyles change they want to build close relationships with others. As a result, they become fonder of contemporary music, such as pop and R&.B, which is usually uplifting and danceable.
When middle age comes, most people have settled down. During this period, people prefer music, such as jazz and classical, as well as music like country, folk and blues.
As for old people, they prefer old songs in their childhoods. They generally listen to relaxing music, such as country music and jazz music. But you must be questioning. “Aren’t there old people who are still interested in or even crazy about rock music?” Of course there are. But their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed. At that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youth.
21．What do young people usually think of the songs their parents enjoy?
A．They are worth listening to. B．They are actually less cool.
C．They are especially serious. D．They are hard to understand.
22．How many musical periods are there that people go through in their life?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
23．What kind of music do teenagers prefer ________.
A．punk music B．country music
C．jazz music D．pop music
24．What is the best title for the text?
A．People Have Different Opinions on Music
B．People’s Taste in Music Changes with Time
C．People Listen to Music for the Same Reason
D．People’s Lifestyle Can Be Changed by Music
（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州高级中学校考期中）Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to know when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to tell that lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge(电荷), it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, taking lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.
25．Why was the system developed?
A．To protect people from lightning.
B．To show the power of lightning.
C．To keep track of lightning deaths.
D．To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.
26．What is special about the system?
A．It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
B．It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
C．It used an effective method of collecting data.
D．It required low cost of predicting lightning.
27．What will the researchers do next with the laser technology?
A．Monitor lightning activity. B．Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
C．Produce electricity with lightning. D．Direct energy from lightning.
28．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A System of Controlling Lightning.
B．A Theory of Explaining Lightning.
C．A Method of Predicting Lightning.
D．A Model of Creating Lightning.
（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州高级中学校考期中）Social media is taking over our lives: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and now, TikTok. These social media platforms have changed from a way to stay connected to an industry where even kids can make money off their posts. While this may seem like another opportunistic innovation, it’s really full of hidden false realities.
The median income(中位收入)recorded in the United States of American was about $63,000 in 2018. TikTokers can make anywhere from $50,000 to $150,000 for a TikTok brand partnership, and TikTokers with over a million followers can make up to $30,000 a month—$360,000 a year. They are making more than the average person trying to feed their family and keep a roof over their heads simply by posting a 15-second video.
This is mad in more ways than one. Not only is it an overpaid “job”, it promotes undeserved admiration from viewers and a false sense of reality. Many of these famous TikTokers are still teens and the effects of fame at such an early stage in life might cause issues later in life, such as mental illness. Teens between the ages of 13 and 17 make up 27% of TikTok viewers, who can be easily influenced by what they are watching. They can put a false sense of self-value into who they look up to and what they represent: money, fame, being considered conventionally attractive.
While TikTok has become a great tool for marketing, it’s important to understand how this content affects young viewers. If we’re constantly consuming content that shows us all we need to do to be successful is be conventionally attractive and post a 15-second video featuring a new dance, it will challenge our knowledge of what really makes someone successful and will in tum affect our individual work ethnics(伦理). What about the people who miss birthdays and family holidays due to their jobs and aren’t getting paid nearly as much as these TikTokers?
Richard Colyer, president and creator of Metaphor, Inc, had his own view on this issue. “It sounds great that kids can make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank accounts. TikTok can be great if used properly. Money alone is not good; technology alone is not good and connectedness can be bad if it is only online.”
Again, as a fellow consumer of TikTok, I do enjoy the app when I have some time to kill and need a good laugh. I’m not against someone making a living on entertainment, but what does getting famous off of a 15-second video teach young people?
29．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Social networking. B．Making money on social media.
C．A job offered by TikTok. D．Staying connected to the Internet.
30．Which is the possible influence of TikTok on its young users?
A．They tend to live an adult life too soon.
B．They are forced to pay for certain services.
C．They are likely to develop false values.
D．They may stop believing other social media.
31．What can we infer from Richard Colyer’s comments?
A．TikTok can be a positive influence if teens make good use of it.
B．Young TikTokers should be banned from making money.
C．It is better to involve education on investment in TikTok videos.
D．Contents of videos need checking before their release online.
32．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．A Job vs An Entertainment
B．Join Young TikTokers
C．Say No to TikTok
D．TikTok—A Mine of Money
（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州高级中学校考期中）If you’ve ever taken a class in drawing, painting or pottery and in spite of your best effort, couldn’t make the final result look anything like the model shown, you may have thought, “I don’t have a creative bone in my body.”
According to some scientists, who for the past 20 years have put the elusive (难以解释的) subject of creativity through the rigors (严谨) of research, you are underestimating yourself. Da Vinci you may never be, but when it comes to creativity, we are all somewhat blessed (享有). It’s learning to encourage this unique tool of extraordinary productivity, and then applying it in everything you do, that counts to tell you from figures like Da Vinci.
“Even if we don’t have the good fortune to discover a new chemical element or write a great story, the love of the creative process for its own sake is available to all,” says Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in Creativity: Flow and Psychology of Discovery and Invention.
Most people believe the area of creativity has been awarded to those thought to have special talent. We look upon these “creative geniuses,” as we often call them, with great respect and a bit of envy. Their abilities, most people believe, ore bestowed (给予) by good genes, or, as if in Greek mythology (神话), from some kind of divine (天赐的) inspiration.
There is no doubt that the world is never short of highly talented and creative people. They are masters of their trades and stand heads-and-shoulders above commoners, making new pathways for others to follow, and providing greater context and understanding of our world. It could be said that without creativity humanity would not evolve so rapidly.
But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who improves his skill through years of continuous training, foregoing other pursuits for the only passion, people who show the slightest unwillingness for tough labor may finally find their boasted (自夸的) ability disappear.
After closely studying 91 creative and influential people, including novelists, playwrights, composers, musicians and scientists, Csikszentmihalyi concludes that no one would ignore the sweat they shed (流淌) and their almost crazy willingness to follow their creative efforts to the very end, wherever that may be. These are the very things we all can master, so long as we’d like to.
33．It’s widely believed that creativity comes from ______.
A．good training people receive from artistic classes B．the inborn genes or relevant gifts.
C．the tool we learn from masters like Da Vinci D．certain Greek historical textbooks
34．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Common people rather than creative ones lead in various professions.
B．People’s admiration of geniuses makes humanity develop quickly.
C．The field of baseball requires more gifts than hard work.
D．The building of creativity lies in devotion and effort.
35．The underlined word foregoing is closest in meaning to ______.
A．giving up B．counting on C．referring to D．turning to
36．What is the passage mainly about?
A．How ordinary people and scientists view things differently.
B．The reasons for the development of various trades and humanity.
C．People’s misunderstanding of creativity and its true nature.
D．Ordinary people’s unwillingness to follow the examples of creative ones.
（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州市第一中学校考期中）Over the past few months, people in the United States have been watching some unusual television advertisements (广告). They are unusual because they advertise a product that no American uses now or is likely to use in the future.
The advertisements show that a product called golden rice will help prevent blindness in millions of children.
None of these children live in the United States. They live in countries where white rice forms the main part of the diet. Too much white rice without other food causes lack of vitamin A．This can lead to blindness.
Golden rice has been developed to solve this problem through genetic (基因的) engineering. As well as TV advertisements, most news media carried stories on this great scientific development that would help some of the poorest children in the world.
It could also save the science of genetic engineering. People in Europe and America have learned more about genetically modified (转基因的) food over the past few years. And the more they learn, the less they like what they hear. People like science. And people like to eat food. But they would like the two things kept separate.
The truth is that a child would have to eat 9 kilograms of golden rice every day to get enough vitamin A．And Gordon Conway of the Rockefeller Foundation, which helped the development of golden rice, says that the advertisements have gone too far.
Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food. The TV advertisements sent a very clear message—if you don’t accept this technology then poor children will go blind. It cost US $50 million to get that message across. That would buy a lot of food for poor children.
What do the people who are said to benefit from golden rice think of being part of this great scientific and social argument? Nobody knows. Nobody has asked them.
37．Why do you think children in the USA need no golden rice?
A．They do more bad than good to children. B．It is genetically modified food.
C．They don’t treat it as staple food. D．There isn’t enough vitamin A in it.
38．What is the main reason why golden rice is advertised in the USA?
A．Golden rice will prevent blindness in children.
B．People have not accepted genetically modified food.
C．People know little about genetically modified food.
D．Golden rice is the first genetically modified food.
39．According to the text, what kind of food do people in Europe and America like best?
A．Food that is rich in vitamin A．
B．Food produced with no help from science.
C．Food produced in the third countries.
D．Food produced through genetic engineering.
40．What is the author’s opinion of the TV advertisements?
A．They are not that useful. B．They need improvement.
C．They are unbelievably practical. D．They are put in a wrong place.
考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究：保护区在保护野生动物方面成效参差不齐。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The authors write that their study, published in Nature, is the first robust(强有力的), global assessment of protected area influence on bird populations. ”（作者在他们的研究中写道，发表在《自然》杂志上，这是第一个关于保护区对鸟类种群影响的强有力的全球评估。）可知，这次研究的目的是为了发现保护区对鸟类种群的数量影响进行评估。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study compared water bird populations before and after the establishment of protected areas and also compared trends of similar populations within and outside of protected areas. Water birds respond quickly to changes in site quality, making them a good group to look at when studying the impact of protected areas.”（这项研究比较了建立保护区前后的水鸟种群，并比较了保护区内外相似种群的趋势。水鸟对场地质量的变化反应迅速，使它们成为研究保护区影响的一个很好的群体。）可知，由于水鸟对场地质量的变化反应迅速，使它们成为研究保护区影响的一个很好的群体。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中““In the majority of places we looked at, wildlife populations were still stable or were increasing, but they weren’t doing any better than in unprotected areas, ” Wauchope says. “That’s disappointing, but not surprising.”（Wauchope说：“在我们观察的大多数地方，野生动物的数量仍然稳定或者在增加，但是野生动物的数量并没有比未受保护的地区更好。这很令人失望，但并不令人惊讶。）可知，让Wauchope失望的是，和未受保护的地区相比，保护区的作用并没有得到很好的展现。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““We are not saying protected areas don’t work, “Wauchope concludes in the statement. ”The key point is that their effects vary hugely, and the biggest thing this depends on is whether they are managed with species in mind-we can’t just expect protected areas to work without effective management. ””（“我们并不是说保护区不起作用,”Wauchope在声明中总结出关键的一点是，它们的影响差别很大，最大的问题是，这取决于它们的管理是否考虑到物种——我们不能指望保护区在没有有效管理的情况下发挥作用。”）可知，在Wauchope看来，保护区的作用取决于它们的管理是否考虑到物种，所以对于保护区，Wauchope的建议是保护区要在有效管理的情况下发挥作用。故选C。
5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了善良被视为一种真正的力量，父母和老师教导我们善待他人，善意有如此明显的好处，它会对我们有害吗？当人们要求帮忙时，要评估自己是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要更自在地对别人说“不”，对自己说“是”。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段第二三句“According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person.(根据梅奥诊所的说法，当我们进行善举时，我们大脑中的快乐中心被激活，释放减压激素定期志愿服务的人报告更高的生活满意度。更重要的是，善良很少只停留在一个人身上)”可知，实行善举可以激活大脑中的快乐，释放压力和提高生活满意度，即对我们的大脑是有好处的。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.(虽然你可能真的是这个意思，但不幸的是，这个世界上有些人可以将你的善良视为一种弱点。这可能会导致你被别人利用)”和第四段前三句“Let’s fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. (让我们快进一年。你现在已经在你的职位上工作了一年，你正在与同一个团队合作。你注意到你的同事一遍又一遍地向你寻求帮助)”可知，新人一年后可能会被别人利用，会受到伤害，即会失望。故选C项。
7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段最后两句“When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying “no” to others and saying “yes” to yourself.(当人们要求你帮忙时，评估你是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要真正善良，有时你需要更自在地对别人说“不”，对自己说“是”)”可知，在决定是否帮助别人时，要看自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，以此推测划线句子指的是要意识到自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，即要意识到自己是否身心疲惫。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。由文章第二段最后两句“The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits? Let’s think about this in the workplace or in an organization. (那么问题来了：当善良有如此明显的好处时，它会对我们有害吗？让我们在工作场所或组织中考虑这个问题)”和文意可知，本文主要在讲做善事对我们是否有坏处，即B选项Are we tiring ourselves with kindness?最适合做本文的标题。故选B项。
9．B 10．A 11．B 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了横扫亚马逊的创纪录大火成为全球媒体关注的焦点，科学家和环保组织担心大火会加剧气候变化，威胁生物多样性。
9．段落大意题。根据第二段首句“As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called “the lungs of the world”. (作为世界上最大的雨林，亚马逊雨林常被称为“世界之肺”。)”可知，亚马逊雨林作为世界上最大的雨林，充当着“世界之肺”的重要角色。故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段末句“They also store carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and produce oxygen, making sure that less carbon is given off, mitigating the effects of climate change. (它们还储存二氧化碳并产生氧气，以确保释放的碳更少, 气候变化的影响。)”可知，确保碳排放更少，会减轻气候变化的影响，所以画线词是“减轻、减缓”的意思。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段首句““Any forest destruction is a harm to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity.” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. (“任何对森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和使用这种生物多样性的人的伤害。”乔治梅森大学的生态学家托马斯·洛夫乔伊告诉《国家地理》杂志。)”以及末句““Facing the global climate change, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected,” UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said. (“面对全球气候变化，我们不能对氧气和生物多样性的主要来源造成更大的破坏。亚马逊必须得到保护，”联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯说。)”可知，他们都在说明雨林大火的严重后果。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据首段“Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been catching global headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change and do damage to biodiversity (生物多样性). (本月横扫亚马逊的创纪录大火已经成为全球头条新闻，科学家和环保组织担心大火会加剧气候变化，破坏生物多样性。)”可知，本文主要介绍亚马逊雨林大火对气候变化以及生物多样性的影响，是关于自然和地理的话题。故选C。
13．D 14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述现在越来越多的人食物不耐症，并分析了原因。
13．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Food intolerances are reactions to eating foods, in normal quantities, which do not involve the immune system. They are very different from food allergies (过敏) which happen when the body mounts an immune response to a food that is either eaten or even touches the skin.(食物不耐症是对食物的不良反应，通常情况下，这与免疫系统无关。他们不同于食物过敏。食物过敏是当吃掉或者皮肤接触到某种食物时身体对食物产生的免疫反应)”以及接下来的描述可知，第二段主要讲述食物不耐症与食物过敏的不同。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“A 2009 report suggests about 20% of the population has one or more food intolerances, with no change since 1994.(2009年的一份报告表示大约20%的人们有一种或者多种食物不耐症，这个数字从1994年以来都没有变化)”可知，从1994年到2009年有食物不耐症的人的数量保持不变。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We also have an increased ability to self-diagnose, thanks to Dr Google.(因为谷歌博士，我们自我诊断的能力增加了)”可知，网络让我们了解了更多这方面的知识，从而判断自己是不是有食物不耐症；所以选项A. People’s wide use of the internet.(人们广泛使用网络)正确；根据“Today, when attending social events with food, we can provide our dietary requirements. This also contributes to normalising food intolerances, compared to even a decade ago. Previously people would have suffered in silence or simply avoided consuming their problematic foods at events. (如今，当我们参加社交聚会的时候，我们会提供我们的饮食要求。与十年前比，这有助于使食物不耐症常态化。以前人们参加集会时默默忍受或者直接避开食用对他们有问题的食物)”可知，以前人们参加聚会时会默默忍受或者直接避开食用对他们有问题的食物，不是现在的人参加聚会多了，也不是人们辨别不出来有问题的食物，所以选项B. People attending social events more often.(人们更频繁地参加社交活动)以及选项D. People’s failure to recognise problematic foods.(人们不能辨认出有问题的食物)都不正确；根据“Another factor could be more and more people of different nations living in one area, some of whom are genetically more likely to have a food intolerance.(另外一个原因是越来越多的不同国家的人生活在同一个地区，他们中的一些人在基因上更有可能患有食物耐受不佳)”可知，不同国家的人生活在一起就出现了一些基因上患有食物耐受不佳的人，所以选项C. People suffering from various gene problems.(人们遭受各种各样的基因问题)不正确。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you suspect you have a food intolerance, you’d better see a doctor to ensure you are not ignoring a potentially concerning medical problem. Also, this can make sure you are not needlessly missing out on essential nutrients required for good health.(如果你怀疑自己有食物不耐症，你最好去咨询下医生以确保你没有忽视一个潜在的医疗问题。同样，这也可以确保你不会毫无必要地错过身体健康所必需的营养素)”可知，这是作者给出的建议。故选B。
17．A 18．B 19．D 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界音乐日的情况，包括举行时间、起源以及特色等。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Every year on June 21st, World Music Day is commemorated in over 120 countries, including its birthplace of France, to honor both amateur and professional musicians.(每年的6月21日，包括其诞生地法国在内的120多个国家都会纪念世界音乐日，向业余和职业音乐家致敬)”可知，世界音乐日始于法国。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Free concerts are also held, where musicians perform for the joy of it rather than for a fee.(免费音乐会也会举行，在那里音乐家们表演是为了快乐，而不是为了收费)”可知，有些音乐会免费是为了娱乐。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s the ideal time to learn a new instrument or listen to songs they wouldn’t ordinarily include on their playlist.(这是学习一种新乐器或听他们通常不会出现在播放列表中的歌曲的理想时间)”可知，世界音乐日，可以让你听一些不在播放列表中的歌曲。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Music is not only a great way to express yourself, but it may also be beneficial to your health. A song might bring back a joyful memory or make you feel energized when you listen to it.(音乐不仅是一种很好的表达自己的方式，而且可能对你的健康有益。一首歌可能会勾起快乐的回忆，或者让你在听的时候感到精力充沛)”可推知，作者对音乐是积极态度。故选C。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们的音乐品味会随着年龄和社会环境而发生变化，主要区分出人生的四个音乐阶段，青少年时期的朋克和摇滚，成年早期的流行音乐和R&.B，中年的乡村，民谣和蓝调，老年则更喜欢小时候的老歌。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“You probably think the music that they like is old and boring and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler.(你可能认为他们喜欢的音乐是古老而无聊的，而你播放列表中的歌曲要酷得多)”可知，年轻人会认为父母喜欢的音乐古老又无聊，没有自己的音乐酷。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The first period comes in the teenage years(第一个阶段经出现在青少年时期)”，第四段内容“But as people move into early adulthood(但当人们进入成年早期)”，第五段内容“When middle age comes(当人到中年)”以及第六段内容“As for old people(对于老年人来说)”可知，人生分为了四个音乐时期。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The first period comes in the teenage years, during which people like strong music such as punk and rock, because teenagers tend to be aggressive or want to be independent.(第一个时期出现在青少年时期，这期间人们喜欢朋克和摇滚等强烈的音乐，因为青少年往往具有攻击性或想要独立)”可知，青少年喜欢朋克音乐和摇滚乐。故选A项。
24．主旨大意题。文章第二段内容“But researchers at the University of Cambridge noticed that as people enter into different age groups, their social environment changes, and so does their music taste.(但剑桥大学的研究人员注意到，随着人们进入不同年龄段，他们的社会环境会发生变化，他们的音乐品味也会发生变化)”揭示了文章的主旨，即文章主要讲述了人们的音乐品味会随着年龄和社会环境而发生变化，并在后文段落详细阐述了人生的四个音乐阶段。由此可知，选项B“People’s Taste in Music Changes with Time(人们对音乐的品味随着时间的推移而变化)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
25．A 26．B 27．D 28．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家们开发的一种能预测闪电的系统。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.(欧洲研究人员估计，全球每年有6000到24000人死于雷击。由于这个原因，气候科学家一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。)”可知，研究人员一直在寻找预测闪电的方法是因为每年都有很多人死于雷击；结合文章最后一段的“They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather. (他们希望这样的技术有一天能被用于防止雷击。可能的用途可能是在车站、机场或大量人群聚集的地方。)”可推知，研究人员开发这一系统的目的在于保护人们免受雷击。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes.(这些数据与四种主要地表条件有关：气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速，这些数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中，并与雷击记录进行比较。)”可知，气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速等数据会放入到一种独特的机器学习算法中，并与雷击记录进行比较。由此可知，系统特殊在采用了一种独特的机器学习算法。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, taking lightning charges from clouds to the ground.(从事该项目的科学家们正在试验一种激光技术，该技术有朝一日可以控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层带到地面。)”可知，科学家们正在研究一种激光技术，这种技术能控制闪电活动，将云层的闪电电荷带到地面上。由此可推知，有了激光技术后，科学家们下一步可能会把目标放在闪电产生的能量上。故选D项。
28．主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，文章首段首句“Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to know when and where lightning will strike.(科学家们表示，他们已经开发出一种使用机器来了解闪电何时何地会发生的系统。)”提出科学家们已经开发出一种用机器来了解闪电会在何时何地发生的系统；第二段介绍了开发该系统的原因；第三、四、五段介绍了该系统的工作原理和研究过程；最后一段介绍了该系统的研究现状。由此可知，本文主要介绍了这种能预测闪电的系统。C项“A Method of Predicting Lightning.”最能概括本文主旨。故选C项。
29．B 30．C 31．A 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文阐述了社交媒体从单纯的社交软件变为赚钱工具的现象，并呼吁青少年用户群体正确使用社交媒体和树立正确的价值观。
29．词句猜测题。根据指代关系和第一段的“These social media platforms have transformed from a way to stay connected to an industry where even kids can make money off their posts. While this may seem like another opportunistic innovation, it’s really full of hidden false realities.”（这些社交媒体平台已经从一种保持联系的方式转变为一个连孩子都能通过发帖赚钱的行业。虽然这看起来像是另一种机会主义创新，但它确实充满了隐藏的非真实现实。）可知，this指代上文中“even kids can make money off their posts”这一现象，即“在社交媒体上赚钱”。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Teens between the ages of 13 and 17 make up 27% of TikTok viewers, who can be easily influenced by what they are watching. They can put a false sense of self-value into who they look up to and what they represent: money, fame, being considered conventionally attractive.”（13至17岁的青少年占TikTok观众的27%，他们很容易受到所看内容的影响。他们会把一种错误的自我价值感放在他们所崇拜的人和他们所代表的东西上：金钱、名誉、被认为具有传统吸引力。）可知，孩子们很容易被观看的内容影响，他们可能会建立错误的自我价值观念，追求传统意义上更加吸引人的金钱和名誉，即年轻的用户可能会树立不正确的价值观。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据第五段Richard Colyer的话“TikTok can be great if used properly.”（如果使用恰当的话，抖音可能会是很棒的）推知，在Richard Colyer看来，如果使用恰当的话，抖音可能会对青少年有好的影响。故选A。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合最后一段“Again, as a fellow consumer of TikTok, I do enjoy the app when I have some time to kill and need a good laugh. I’m not against someone making a living on entertainment, but what does getting famous off of a 15-second video teach young people?”（而且，作为它的消费者，当我有时间消磨，需要大笑的时候，我的确喜欢这个软件。我并不反对某人靠娱乐谋生，但是一个15秒的视频教年轻人什么能出名呢？）可知，本文是观点对峙类议论文。文章主要阐述了社交媒体从单纯的社交软件变为赚钱工具的现象，并且很多用户的收入远高于普通人。作者认为抖音应被当作娱乐方式，而不是人们赚钱的工具，因为短短的15秒视频并不能教给青少年太多有价值的东西。因此推断A项“工作还是娱乐”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
33．B 34．D 35．A 36．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们普遍认为创造力是一种天赋，其实这是一种误解，科学家验证了创造力是与人的辛苦付出分不开的。只要人们愿意付出艰辛努力，创造力是可以掌握的。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段“Most people believe the area of creativity has been awarded to those thought to have special talent. We look upon these “creative geniuses,” as we often call them, with great respect and a bit of envy. Their abilities, most people believe, ore bestowed (给予) by good genes, or, as if in Greek mythology (神话), from some kind of divine (天赐的) inspiration.(大多数人认为创造力是授予那些被认为有特殊才能的人的。我们对这些我们常称他们为“创造性天才”的人满怀敬意，也带着一点嫉妒。大多数人相信，他们的能力来自良好的基因，或者像希腊神话中一样，来自某种神的启示)”可知，人们普遍认为创造力来自与生俱来的基因或相关的天赋。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据第六段“But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who hones his skill through years of continuous training, foregoing other pursuits for the sole passion, people who show the slightest reluctance for arduous labor are bound to witness their boasted ability disappear.(但是，就像一个公认的有创造力的棒球运动员，通过多年的持续训练来磨练他的技术，放弃了其他的追求，为了唯一的爱好，那些对艰苦的劳动表现出丝毫不情愿的人，必然会看到他们所夸耀的能力消失)”可知，通过多年的持续艰苦训练才会成就有创造力的棒球运动员，而对于没有坚持艰苦付出和努力的人是不会再有所夸耀的“创造力”的。故选D。
35．词句猜测题。分析可知，划线单词所在短语“foregoing other pursuits for the sole passion”中“the sole passion”应是指前文“But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who hones his skill through years of continuous training”提及的“baseball”，棒球运动。由此可知，一个有创造力的棒球运动员应是为了棒球运动这一目标而不断努力训练，从而会放弃其他的“爱好”。由此可推知，“foregoing”应是“放弃”含义，与选项A“giving up”含义一致。故选A。
36．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章第二段内容“According to some scientists, who for the past 20 years have put the elusive subject of creativity through the rigors of research, you are underrating yourself. Da Vinci you may never be, but when it comes to creativity, we are all somewhat blessed.(根据一些科学家的说法，在过去的20年里，他们把创造力这个难以捉摸的课题通过了严格的研究，你低估了自己。你也许永远不会成为达·芬奇，但说到创意，我们都多少有点福气)”以及最后一段“Csikszentmihalyi concludes that no one would ignore the sweat they shed (流淌) and their almost crazy willingness to follow their creative efforts to the very end, wherever that may be. These are the very things we all can master, so long as we’d like to.(Csikszentmihalyi的结论是，没有人会忽视他们所付出的汗水，以及他们近乎疯狂的意愿，无论他们的创造性努力是在哪里，都要坚持到底。只要我们愿意，这些都是我们可以掌握的)”可知，本文主要是关于人们对创造力的误解及其本质。故选C。
37．C 38．B 39．B 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国电视广告中宣传的“黄金大米”，这似乎是为了解决贫困地区儿童缺乏维生素A的问题，但事实上是为了让美国人接受转基因食品。
37．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“None of these children live in the United States. They live in countries where white rice forms the main part of the diet. Too much white rice without other food causes lack of vitamin A. This can lead to blindness.”（这些孩子都不住在美国。他们生活在以白米为主要食物的国家。吃太多白米而不吃其他食物会导致缺乏维生素A。这可能导致失明）可知，之所以吃黄金大米，是因为有些地区的儿童食物单一，只吃白米，导致缺乏维生素A。由此可推断出，美国的孩子不需要吃黄金大米，是因为他们有各种各样的食物，不把“黄金大米”当作主食。故选C项。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第五段关键句“And the more they learn, the less they like what they hear.”（他们了解的越多，就越不喜欢听到的东西）和第七段关键句“Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food.”（或许黄金大米的主要目的是让人们接受转基因食品）可知，美国的人们并不接受转基因食品，他们也不喜欢黄金大米这个主意。由此推知，黄金大米在美国做广告的主要原因是人们还没有接受转基因食品。故选B项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第五段关键句“People like science. And people like to eat food. But they would like the two things kept separate.”（人们喜欢科学。人们喜欢吃东西。但他们希望这两件事分开）可知，在美国和欧洲，人们希望科学和吃的东西是分开的。由此推知，欧美人最喜欢的食物是没有科学帮助而产出的食物。故选B项。
40．推理判断题。根据文章第六段关键句“The truth is that a child would have to eat 9 kilograms of golden rice every day to get enough vitamin A. And Gordon Conway of the Rockefeller Foundation, which helped the development of golden rice, says that the advertisements have gone too far.”（事实是，一个孩子每天必须吃9公斤黄金大米才能获得足够的维生素A。帮助开发黄金大米的洛克菲勒基金会的戈登·康威表示，广告做得太过分了）和第七段关键句“Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food.”（或许黄金大米的主要目的是让人们接受转基因食品）可知，作者引用了Gordon Conway的话说明这个广告所宣传的内容在现实生活中是很难做到的，也许广告的真正目的不是用黄金大米救助儿童，而是让人们接受转基因食品。由此可推断出，作者认为电视广告没有说实话，它们并没有那么实用。故选A项。
译林版（2020）高一英语下学期期中复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期中真题)
专题07 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2022秋·江苏南京·高一南京市第九中学校考期中）Protected areas have mixed success in protecting wildlife, according to the largest study on the effects of reserves(保护区).
A team led by researchers from the U. K. examined water bird data from 1, 506 protected areas and analyzed more than 27, 000 bird populations across the world. The authors write that their study, published in Nature, is the first robust(强有力的), global assessment of protected area influence on bird populations. The scientists found that protected areas with management of water birds and their habitats were more likely to benefit those populations.
“Our study shows that, while many protected areas are working well, many others are failing to have positive effect, ” lead author Hannah Wauchope of the University of Exeter says in a statement. Rather than focusing only on the total global area protected, we need more focus on ensuring areas are well-managed to benefit biodiversity(生物多样性) . “The study compared water bird populations before and after the establishment of protected areas and also compared trends of similar populations within and outside of protected areas. Water birds respond quickly to changes in site quality, making them a good group to look at when studying the impact of protected areas.
“In the majority of places we looked at, wildlife populations were still stable or were increasing, but they weren’t doing any better than in unprotected areas, ” Wauchope says. “That’s disappointing, but not surprising. There seems to be this disconnect between people talking about how much land is protected and whether those areas are actually doing anything positive. ”
This research comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity goals for the next decade. Several countries have already devoted to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet researchers say protection alone does not necessarily ensure positive outcomes for species.
“Efforts to reach a certain area-based goal such as 30 percent by 2030--without a focus on improving the condition of existing protected areas will achieve little, ” says co-author Julia Jones from Bangor University. “When world leaders gather in China later this year to set goals for the next decade, I really hope to see a focus on effectiveness of protected areas, rather than simply how much surface area is devoted to them.”
“We are not saying protected areas don’t work, ”Wauchope concludes in the statement. “The key point is that their effects vary hugely, and the biggest thing this depends on is whether they are managed with species in mind-we can’t just expect protected areas to work without effective management. ”
1．What is the purpose of the UK’s study?
A．To see whether bird populations have increased in protected areas.
B．To test whether water birds can adapt to new environments.
C．To record the changes of water birds worldwide.
D．To help water birds survive in hard conditions.
2．Why are water birds chosen as the study subject?
A．They are an endangered species
B．They can sense environmental changes.
C．They can help change the quality of waters.
D．They can hardly be found outside protected areas.
3．What fact makes Wauchope feel disappointed?
A．Protected areas are not attractive to water birds.
B．There is a decline in the number of protected areas.
C．There is not enough protected land around the world.
D．Protected areas fail to work better than unprotected areas.
4．What is Hannah Wauchope’s advice about protected areas?
A．They should occupy a large area.
B．They should host various animals.
C．They should be under good management.
D．They should give water birds more freedom.
（2022秋·江苏南京·高一南京市第九中学校考期中）Kindness is seen as a true strength, and the success of civilizations relies on kindness. As parents and teachers, we also teach children from a young age to “be kind to one another” and “treat others the way you want to be treated.”
In addition to being helpful to our interpersonal relationships, research has shown that kindness can even contribute to our well-being. According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone (激素) Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person. There can be a positive contagion (扩散) effect, where other people are motivated to be nice if they receive a random act of kindness. The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits? Let’s think about this in the workplace or in an organization.
You are the new person on the team and you want to be well-liked and respected by your colleagues. You are a kind person and tell your team, “Let me know how I can help you; I’m always available to help. ”Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.
Let’s fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. In fact, the only time they communicate with you is when they need something. You have been so helpful to your colleagues and there has rarely been any return from them.
In a very broad sense, it is advantageous to be kind to others, and your kind acts will be appreciated and, perhaps, paid forward. However, you need to be willing to say “no”. Recognize when your plate is already too full. When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying “no” to others and saying “yes” to yourself.
5．What has the Mayo Clinic found concerning kindness?
A．It does good to our mind.
B．It reduces hormone levels.
C．It adds years to people’s life.
D．It leads to the success of civilizations.
6．What might the new person feel one year later?
A．Grateful. B．Bored.
C．Disappointed. D．Energetic.
7．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．When you’re too full to eat anything.
B．When your kind acts get appreciated.
C．When you should ask others a favor.
D．When you’re physically and mentally tired.
8．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Your kindness counts for your well-being!
B．Are we tiring ourselves with kindness?
C．Why are random acts of kindness important?
D．Never underestimate the power of kindness at work!
（2022秋·江苏南京·高一南京航空航天大学附属高级中学校考期中）Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been catching global headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change and do damage to biodiversity (生物多样性).
As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called “the lungs of the world”. It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and I million local people. The huge lands of rainforest play an important role in the world’s ecosystem because they take in heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere (大气层). They also store carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and produce oxygen, making sure that less carbon is given off, mitigating the effects of climate change.
“Any forest destruction is a harm to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity.” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. The shocking result is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere.” he stressed. “Facing the global climate change, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected,” UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said.
Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year from a year ago. A total of 71,497 forest fires were recorded in the country in the first eight months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018. INPE said. “It’s reported that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months,” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.
Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose drop could have severe results for global climate and rainfall. The size of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined. but the emergency has spread over Brazil’s borders, reaching Peruvian, Paraguayan and Bolivian areas.
9．What is the second paragraph mainly talking about?
A．The effects of climate change. B．The role of the Amazon rainforest.
C．The results of the Amazon rainforest fires. D．The causes of the decreasing biodiversity.
10．Which of the following best explains “mitigating” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A．Reducing. B．Causing. C．Worsening. D．Strengthening.
11．What can we learn from Thomas’ and Antonio’s words?
A．The biodiversity makes the rainforests unique.
B．The rainforest fires give rise to serious effects.
C．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.
D．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.
12．Which section of a magazine is this text probably taken from?
A．Sports and music. B．Science and technology.
C．Nature and geography. D．Business and culture.
（2022秋·江苏·高一江苏省新海高级中学校考期中）Most of you will have noticed hosting a dinner party is harder than before. One friend needs dairy-free food, one can’t eat onion and two are vegetarian. Are food intolerances increasing? Or do we just hear more about them now?
Food intolerances are reactions to eating foods, in normal quantities, which do not involve the immune system. They are very different from food allergies (过敏) which happen when the body mounts an immune response to a food that is either eaten or even touches the skin. This immune response is very quick (within 20 minutes to two hours) and releases chemicals that can affect the person’s breathing and heart. The reasons behind food intolerances can vary greatly. A common one is people lack enzymes (酶) needed for breaking down nutrients.
While it may seem as if food intolerances are increasing, we lack the data and actual numbers, perhaps because food intolerances generally do not lead to taking medications or seeking urgent (紧急的) medical treatment. A 2009 report suggests about 20% of the population has one or more food intolerances, with no change since 1994. A more recent survey from 2020 of self-reported intolerances in internet users indicated about 25% of the population.
The increase may result from many factors. Some people may self-diagnose (自我诊断) a food intolerance from well-intended but misleading health advice from family and friends. Additionally, people may incorrectly owe medical symptoms (症状) to foods they have eaten. We also have an increased ability to self-diagnose, thanks to Dr Google. Today, when attending social events with food, we can provide our dietary requirements. This also contributes to normalising food intolerances, compared to even a decade ago. Previously people would have suffered in silence or simply avoided consuming their problematic foods at events. Another factor could be more and more people of different nations living in one area, some of whom are genetically more likely to have a food intolerance.
If you suspect you have a food intolerance, you’d better see a doctor to ensure you are not ignoring a potentially concerning medical problem. Also, this can make sure you are not needlessly missing out on essential nutrients required for good health.
13．What is the main message of paragraph 2?
A．Most people suffer from food allergies.
B．People should take food allergies lightly.
C．Food intolerances may develop into food allergies.
D．Food intolerances are different from food allergies.
14．What is a finding of the 2009 report?
A．Internet users are more likely to have food intolerances.
B．20% of the population self - diagnoses a food intolerance.
C．The number of people having food intolerances remained the same between 1994 and 2009.
D．The number of people having food intolerances might increase by 5% in the next ten years.
15．What might be a reason behind the increase of food intolerance cases? .
A．People’s wide use of the internet.
B．People attending social events more often.
C．People suffering from various gene problems.
D．People’s failure to recognise problematic foods.
16．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?
A．To correct a mistake. B．To give a suggestion.
C．To make a prediction. D．To make a promise.
（2022秋·江苏镇江·高一统考期中）Every year on June 21st, World Music Day is commemorated in over 120 countries, including its birthplace of France, to honor both amateur and professional musicians. Citizens of a city or country are permitted and encouraged to perform music outside in their neighborhoods, public areas, and parks on Music Day. Free concerts are also held, where musicians perform for the joy of it rather than for a fee.
In the 1970s, American musician Joel Cohen, who was then working for a French radio station, came up with the idea of having musicians perform on the evening of June 21 to celebrate the start of summer. It was finally accepted by France’s Ministry of Culture in 1982. The day started in France and has since extended to countries such as Belgium, the United Kingdom and others. It’s the ideal time to learn a new instrument or listen to songs they wouldn’t ordinarily include on their playlist. Every type of musician can celebrate World Music Day with friends, family, and even strangers, whether they are young, elderly, new, or seasoned professionals. The purpose is to promote music.
It makes no difference how good you are at making music; everyone can do it. This day can be used by even the most tone-deaf folks to sing their hearts out and appreciate the beauty and power of music. Music is not only a great way to express yourself, but it may also be beneficial to your health. A song might bring back a joyful memory or make you feel energized when you listen to it.
17．Where did the World Music Day begin?
A．France. B．American. C．Belgium. D．China.
18．Why are some concerts held for free?
A．For reputation. B．For entertainment. C．For experience. D．For occupation.
19．What do we know about the World Music Day?
A．Those who are not expert in music are not welcome.
B．Joel Cohen put forward the idea of performing music for free.
C．The purpose of it is to instruct tone-deaf people in music.
D．You can listen to some songs not included on the playlist.
20．What’s the author’s attitude towards music?
A．Challenging. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Sceptical.
（2022秋·江苏淮安·高一校联考期中）Do you ever listen to the songs that your parents like? Chances are that you don’t. You probably think the music that they like is old and boring and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler. But scientists found that people’s music taste changes as time goes by. So it is likely that your own musical preferences will follow a similar path to your parents’, whether you like it or not.
We used to think that culture and personality (个性) are the only reasons for different music choices. But researchers at the University of Cambridge noticed that as people enter into different age groups, their social environment changes, and so does their music taste. There are some musical periods that people go through in their life.
The first period comes in the teenage years, during which people like strong music such as punk and rock, because teenagers tend to be aggressive or want to be independent.
But as people move into early adulthood, their lifestyles change they want to build close relationships with others. As a result, they become fonder of contemporary music, such as pop and R&.B, which is usually uplifting and danceable.
When middle age comes, most people have settled down. During this period, people prefer music, such as jazz and classical, as well as music like country, folk and blues.
As for old people, they prefer old songs in their childhoods. They generally listen to relaxing music, such as country music and jazz music. But you must be questioning. “Aren’t there old people who are still interested in or even crazy about rock music?” Of course there are. But their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed. At that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youth.
21．What do young people usually think of the songs their parents enjoy?
A．They are worth listening to. B．They are actually less cool.
C．They are especially serious. D．They are hard to understand.
22．How many musical periods are there that people go through in their life?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
23．What kind of music do teenagers prefer ________.
A．punk music B．country music
C．jazz music D．pop music
24．What is the best title for the text?
A．People Have Different Opinions on Music
B．People’s Taste in Music Changes with Time
C．People Listen to Music for the Same Reason
D．People’s Lifestyle Can Be Changed by Music
（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州高级中学校考期中）Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to know when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to tell that lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge(电荷), it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, taking lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.
25．Why was the system developed?
A．To protect people from lightning.
B．To show the power of lightning.
C．To keep track of lightning deaths.
D．To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.
26．What is special about the system?
A．It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
B．It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
C．It used an effective method of collecting data.
D．It required low cost of predicting lightning.
27．What will the researchers do next with the laser technology?
A．Monitor lightning activity. B．Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
C．Produce electricity with lightning. D．Direct energy from lightning.
28．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A System of Controlling Lightning.
B．A Theory of Explaining Lightning.
C．A Method of Predicting Lightning.
D．A Model of Creating Lightning.
（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州高级中学校考期中）Social media is taking over our lives: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and now, TikTok. These social media platforms have changed from a way to stay connected to an industry where even kids can make money off their posts. While this may seem like another opportunistic innovation, it’s really full of hidden false realities.
The median income(中位收入)recorded in the United States of American was about $63,000 in 2018. TikTokers can make anywhere from $50,000 to $150,000 for a TikTok brand partnership, and TikTokers with over a million followers can make up to $30,000 a month—$360,000 a year. They are making more than the average person trying to feed their family and keep a roof over their heads simply by posting a 15-second video.
This is mad in more ways than one. Not only is it an overpaid “job”, it promotes undeserved admiration from viewers and a false sense of reality. Many of these famous TikTokers are still teens and the effects of fame at such an early stage in life might cause issues later in life, such as mental illness. Teens between the ages of 13 and 17 make up 27% of TikTok viewers, who can be easily influenced by what they are watching. They can put a false sense of self-value into who they look up to and what they represent: money, fame, being considered conventionally attractive.
While TikTok has become a great tool for marketing, it’s important to understand how this content affects young viewers. If we’re constantly consuming content that shows us all we need to do to be successful is be conventionally attractive and post a 15-second video featuring a new dance, it will challenge our knowledge of what really makes someone successful and will in tum affect our individual work ethnics(伦理). What about the people who miss birthdays and family holidays due to their jobs and aren’t getting paid nearly as much as these TikTokers?
Richard Colyer, president and creator of Metaphor, Inc, had his own view on this issue. “It sounds great that kids can make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank accounts. TikTok can be great if used properly. Money alone is not good; technology alone is not good and connectedness can be bad if it is only online.”
Again, as a fellow consumer of TikTok, I do enjoy the app when I have some time to kill and need a good laugh. I’m not against someone making a living on entertainment, but what does getting famous off of a 15-second video teach young people?
29．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Social networking. B．Making money on social media.
C．A job offered by TikTok. D．Staying connected to the Internet.
30．Which is the possible influence of TikTok on its young users?
A．They tend to live an adult life too soon.
B．They are forced to pay for certain services.
C．They are likely to develop false values.
D．They may stop believing other social media.
31．What can we infer from Richard Colyer’s comments?
A．TikTok can be a positive influence if teens make good use of it.
B．Young TikTokers should be banned from making money.
C．It is better to involve education on investment in TikTok videos.
D．Contents of videos need checking before their release online.
32．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．A Job vs An Entertainment
B．Join Young TikTokers
C．Say No to TikTok
D．TikTok—A Mine of Money
（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州高级中学校考期中）If you’ve ever taken a class in drawing, painting or pottery and in spite of your best effort, couldn’t make the final result look anything like the model shown, you may have thought, “I don’t have a creative bone in my body.”
According to some scientists, who for the past 20 years have put the elusive (难以解释的) subject of creativity through the rigors (严谨) of research, you are underestimating yourself. Da Vinci you may never be, but when it comes to creativity, we are all somewhat blessed (享有). It’s learning to encourage this unique tool of extraordinary productivity, and then applying it in everything you do, that counts to tell you from figures like Da Vinci.
“Even if we don’t have the good fortune to discover a new chemical element or write a great story, the love of the creative process for its own sake is available to all,” says Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in Creativity: Flow and Psychology of Discovery and Invention.
Most people believe the area of creativity has been awarded to those thought to have special talent. We look upon these “creative geniuses,” as we often call them, with great respect and a bit of envy. Their abilities, most people believe, ore bestowed (给予) by good genes, or, as if in Greek mythology (神话), from some kind of divine (天赐的) inspiration.
There is no doubt that the world is never short of highly talented and creative people. They are masters of their trades and stand heads-and-shoulders above commoners, making new pathways for others to follow, and providing greater context and understanding of our world. It could be said that without creativity humanity would not evolve so rapidly.
But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who improves his skill through years of continuous training, foregoing other pursuits for the only passion, people who show the slightest unwillingness for tough labor may finally find their boasted (自夸的) ability disappear.
After closely studying 91 creative and influential people, including novelists, playwrights, composers, musicians and scientists, Csikszentmihalyi concludes that no one would ignore the sweat they shed (流淌) and their almost crazy willingness to follow their creative efforts to the very end, wherever that may be. These are the very things we all can master, so long as we’d like to.
33．It’s widely believed that creativity comes from ______.
A．good training people receive from artistic classes B．the inborn genes or relevant gifts.
C．the tool we learn from masters like Da Vinci D．certain Greek historical textbooks
34．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Common people rather than creative ones lead in various professions.
B．People’s admiration of geniuses makes humanity develop quickly.
C．The field of baseball requires more gifts than hard work.
D．The building of creativity lies in devotion and effort.
35．The underlined word foregoing is closest in meaning to ______.
A．giving up B．counting on C．referring to D．turning to
36．What is the passage mainly about?
A．How ordinary people and scientists view things differently.
B．The reasons for the development of various trades and humanity.
C．People’s misunderstanding of creativity and its true nature.
D．Ordinary people’s unwillingness to follow the examples of creative ones.
（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州市第一中学校考期中）Over the past few months, people in the United States have been watching some unusual television advertisements (广告). They are unusual because they advertise a product that no American uses now or is likely to use in the future.
The advertisements show that a product called golden rice will help prevent blindness in millions of children.
None of these children live in the United States. They live in countries where white rice forms the main part of the diet. Too much white rice without other food causes lack of vitamin A．This can lead to blindness.
Golden rice has been developed to solve this problem through genetic (基因的) engineering. As well as TV advertisements, most news media carried stories on this great scientific development that would help some of the poorest children in the world.
It could also save the science of genetic engineering. People in Europe and America have learned more about genetically modified (转基因的) food over the past few years. And the more they learn, the less they like what they hear. People like science. And people like to eat food. But they would like the two things kept separate.
The truth is that a child would have to eat 9 kilograms of golden rice every day to get enough vitamin A．And Gordon Conway of the Rockefeller Foundation, which helped the development of golden rice, says that the advertisements have gone too far.
Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food. The TV advertisements sent a very clear message—if you don’t accept this technology then poor children will go blind. It cost US $50 million to get that message across. That would buy a lot of food for poor children.
What do the people who are said to benefit from golden rice think of being part of this great scientific and social argument? Nobody knows. Nobody has asked them.
37．Why do you think children in the USA need no golden rice?
A．They do more bad than good to children. B．It is genetically modified food.
C．They don’t treat it as staple food. D．There isn’t enough vitamin A in it.
38．What is the main reason why golden rice is advertised in the USA?
A．Golden rice will prevent blindness in children.
B．People have not accepted genetically modified food.
C．People know little about genetically modified food.
D．Golden rice is the first genetically modified food.
39．According to the text, what kind of food do people in Europe and America like best?
A．Food that is rich in vitamin A．
B．Food produced with no help from science.
C．Food produced in the third countries.
D．Food produced through genetic engineering.
40．What is the author’s opinion of the TV advertisements?
A．They are not that useful. B．They need improvement.
C．They are unbelievably practical. D．They are put in a wrong place.
考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究：保护区在保护野生动物方面成效参差不齐。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The authors write that their study, published in Nature, is the first robust(强有力的), global assessment of protected area influence on bird populations. ”（作者在他们的研究中写道，发表在《自然》杂志上，这是第一个关于保护区对鸟类种群影响的强有力的全球评估。）可知，这次研究的目的是为了发现保护区对鸟类种群的数量影响进行评估。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study compared water bird populations before and after the establishment of protected areas and also compared trends of similar populations within and outside of protected areas. Water birds respond quickly to changes in site quality, making them a good group to look at when studying the impact of protected areas.”（这项研究比较了建立保护区前后的水鸟种群，并比较了保护区内外相似种群的趋势。水鸟对场地质量的变化反应迅速，使它们成为研究保护区影响的一个很好的群体。）可知，由于水鸟对场地质量的变化反应迅速，使它们成为研究保护区影响的一个很好的群体。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中““In the majority of places we looked at, wildlife populations were still stable or were increasing, but they weren’t doing any better than in unprotected areas, ” Wauchope says. “That’s disappointing, but not surprising.”（Wauchope说：“在我们观察的大多数地方，野生动物的数量仍然稳定或者在增加，但是野生动物的数量并没有比未受保护的地区更好。这很令人失望，但并不令人惊讶。）可知，让Wauchope失望的是，和未受保护的地区相比，保护区的作用并没有得到很好的展现。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““We are not saying protected areas don’t work, “Wauchope concludes in the statement. ”The key point is that their effects vary hugely, and the biggest thing this depends on is whether they are managed with species in mind-we can’t just expect protected areas to work without effective management. ””（“我们并不是说保护区不起作用,”Wauchope在声明中总结出关键的一点是，它们的影响差别很大，最大的问题是，这取决于它们的管理是否考虑到物种——我们不能指望保护区在没有有效管理的情况下发挥作用。”）可知，在Wauchope看来，保护区的作用取决于它们的管理是否考虑到物种，所以对于保护区，Wauchope的建议是保护区要在有效管理的情况下发挥作用。故选C。
5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了善良被视为一种真正的力量，父母和老师教导我们善待他人，善意有如此明显的好处，它会对我们有害吗？当人们要求帮忙时，要评估自己是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要更自在地对别人说“不”，对自己说“是”。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段第二三句“According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person.(根据梅奥诊所的说法，当我们进行善举时，我们大脑中的快乐中心被激活，释放减压激素定期志愿服务的人报告更高的生活满意度。更重要的是，善良很少只停留在一个人身上)”可知，实行善举可以激活大脑中的快乐，释放压力和提高生活满意度，即对我们的大脑是有好处的。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.(虽然你可能真的是这个意思，但不幸的是，这个世界上有些人可以将你的善良视为一种弱点。这可能会导致你被别人利用)”和第四段前三句“Let’s fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. (让我们快进一年。你现在已经在你的职位上工作了一年，你正在与同一个团队合作。你注意到你的同事一遍又一遍地向你寻求帮助)”可知，新人一年后可能会被别人利用，会受到伤害，即会失望。故选C项。
7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段最后两句“When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying “no” to others and saying “yes” to yourself.(当人们要求你帮忙时，评估你是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要真正善良，有时你需要更自在地对别人说“不”，对自己说“是”)”可知，在决定是否帮助别人时，要看自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，以此推测划线句子指的是要意识到自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，即要意识到自己是否身心疲惫。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。由文章第二段最后两句“The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits? Let’s think about this in the workplace or in an organization. (那么问题来了：当善良有如此明显的好处时，它会对我们有害吗？让我们在工作场所或组织中考虑这个问题)”和文意可知，本文主要在讲做善事对我们是否有坏处，即B选项Are we tiring ourselves with kindness?最适合做本文的标题。故选B项。
9．B 10．A 11．B 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了横扫亚马逊的创纪录大火成为全球媒体关注的焦点，科学家和环保组织担心大火会加剧气候变化，威胁生物多样性。
9．段落大意题。根据第二段首句“As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called “the lungs of the world”. (作为世界上最大的雨林，亚马逊雨林常被称为“世界之肺”。)”可知，亚马逊雨林作为世界上最大的雨林，充当着“世界之肺”的重要角色。故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段末句“They also store carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and produce oxygen, making sure that less carbon is given off, mitigating the effects of climate change. (它们还储存二氧化碳并产生氧气，以确保释放的碳更少, 气候变化的影响。)”可知，确保碳排放更少，会减轻气候变化的影响，所以画线词是“减轻、减缓”的意思。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段首句““Any forest destruction is a harm to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity.” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. (“任何对森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和使用这种生物多样性的人的伤害。”乔治梅森大学的生态学家托马斯·洛夫乔伊告诉《国家地理》杂志。)”以及末句““Facing the global climate change, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected,” UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said. (“面对全球气候变化，我们不能对氧气和生物多样性的主要来源造成更大的破坏。亚马逊必须得到保护，”联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯说。)”可知，他们都在说明雨林大火的严重后果。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据首段“Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been catching global headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change and do damage to biodiversity (生物多样性). (本月横扫亚马逊的创纪录大火已经成为全球头条新闻，科学家和环保组织担心大火会加剧气候变化，破坏生物多样性。)”可知，本文主要介绍亚马逊雨林大火对气候变化以及生物多样性的影响，是关于自然和地理的话题。故选C。
13．D 14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述现在越来越多的人食物不耐症，并分析了原因。
13．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Food intolerances are reactions to eating foods, in normal quantities, which do not involve the immune system. They are very different from food allergies (过敏) which happen when the body mounts an immune response to a food that is either eaten or even touches the skin.(食物不耐症是对食物的不良反应，通常情况下，这与免疫系统无关。他们不同于食物过敏。食物过敏是当吃掉或者皮肤接触到某种食物时身体对食物产生的免疫反应)”以及接下来的描述可知，第二段主要讲述食物不耐症与食物过敏的不同。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“A 2009 report suggests about 20% of the population has one or more food intolerances, with no change since 1994.(2009年的一份报告表示大约20%的人们有一种或者多种食物不耐症，这个数字从1994年以来都没有变化)”可知，从1994年到2009年有食物不耐症的人的数量保持不变。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We also have an increased ability to self-diagnose, thanks to Dr Google.(因为谷歌博士，我们自我诊断的能力增加了)”可知，网络让我们了解了更多这方面的知识，从而判断自己是不是有食物不耐症；所以选项A. People’s wide use of the internet.(人们广泛使用网络)正确；根据“Today, when attending social events with food, we can provide our dietary requirements. This also contributes to normalising food intolerances, compared to even a decade ago. Previously people would have suffered in silence or simply avoided consuming their problematic foods at events. (如今，当我们参加社交聚会的时候，我们会提供我们的饮食要求。与十年前比，这有助于使食物不耐症常态化。以前人们参加集会时默默忍受或者直接避开食用对他们有问题的食物)”可知，以前人们参加聚会时会默默忍受或者直接避开食用对他们有问题的食物，不是现在的人参加聚会多了，也不是人们辨别不出来有问题的食物，所以选项B. People attending social events more often.(人们更频繁地参加社交活动)以及选项D. People’s failure to recognise problematic foods.(人们不能辨认出有问题的食物)都不正确；根据“Another factor could be more and more people of different nations living in one area, some of whom are genetically more likely to have a food intolerance.(另外一个原因是越来越多的不同国家的人生活在同一个地区，他们中的一些人在基因上更有可能患有食物耐受不佳)”可知，不同国家的人生活在一起就出现了一些基因上患有食物耐受不佳的人，所以选项C. People suffering from various gene problems.(人们遭受各种各样的基因问题)不正确。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you suspect you have a food intolerance, you’d better see a doctor to ensure you are not ignoring a potentially concerning medical problem. Also, this can make sure you are not needlessly missing out on essential nutrients required for good health.(如果你怀疑自己有食物不耐症，你最好去咨询下医生以确保你没有忽视一个潜在的医疗问题。同样，这也可以确保你不会毫无必要地错过身体健康所必需的营养素)”可知，这是作者给出的建议。故选B。
17．A 18．B 19．D 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界音乐日的情况，包括举行时间、起源以及特色等。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Every year on June 21st, World Music Day is commemorated in over 120 countries, including its birthplace of France, to honor both amateur and professional musicians.(每年的6月21日，包括其诞生地法国在内的120多个国家都会纪念世界音乐日，向业余和职业音乐家致敬)”可知，世界音乐日始于法国。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Free concerts are also held, where musicians perform for the joy of it rather than for a fee.(免费音乐会也会举行，在那里音乐家们表演是为了快乐，而不是为了收费)”可知，有些音乐会免费是为了娱乐。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s the ideal time to learn a new instrument or listen to songs they wouldn’t ordinarily include on their playlist.(这是学习一种新乐器或听他们通常不会出现在播放列表中的歌曲的理想时间)”可知，世界音乐日，可以让你听一些不在播放列表中的歌曲。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Music is not only a great way to express yourself, but it may also be beneficial to your health. A song might bring back a joyful memory or make you feel energized when you listen to it.(音乐不仅是一种很好的表达自己的方式，而且可能对你的健康有益。一首歌可能会勾起快乐的回忆，或者让你在听的时候感到精力充沛)”可推知，作者对音乐是积极态度。故选C。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们的音乐品味会随着年龄和社会环境而发生变化，主要区分出人生的四个音乐阶段，青少年时期的朋克和摇滚，成年早期的流行音乐和R&.B，中年的乡村，民谣和蓝调，老年则更喜欢小时候的老歌。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“You probably think the music that they like is old and boring and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler.(你可能认为他们喜欢的音乐是古老而无聊的，而你播放列表中的歌曲要酷得多)”可知，年轻人会认为父母喜欢的音乐古老又无聊，没有自己的音乐酷。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The first period comes in the teenage years(第一个阶段经出现在青少年时期)”，第四段内容“But as people move into early adulthood(但当人们进入成年早期)”，第五段内容“When middle age comes(当人到中年)”以及第六段内容“As for old people(对于老年人来说)”可知，人生分为了四个音乐时期。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The first period comes in the teenage years, during which people like strong music such as punk and rock, because teenagers tend to be aggressive or want to be independent.(第一个时期出现在青少年时期，这期间人们喜欢朋克和摇滚等强烈的音乐，因为青少年往往具有攻击性或想要独立)”可知，青少年喜欢朋克音乐和摇滚乐。故选A项。
24．主旨大意题。文章第二段内容“But researchers at the University of Cambridge noticed that as people enter into different age groups, their social environment changes, and so does their music taste.(但剑桥大学的研究人员注意到，随着人们进入不同年龄段，他们的社会环境会发生变化，他们的音乐品味也会发生变化)”揭示了文章的主旨，即文章主要讲述了人们的音乐品味会随着年龄和社会环境而发生变化，并在后文段落详细阐述了人生的四个音乐阶段。由此可知，选项B“People’s Taste in Music Changes with Time(人们对音乐的品味随着时间的推移而变化)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
25．A 26．B 27．D 28．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家们开发的一种能预测闪电的系统。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.(欧洲研究人员估计，全球每年有6000到24000人死于雷击。由于这个原因，气候科学家一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。)”可知，研究人员一直在寻找预测闪电的方法是因为每年都有很多人死于雷击；结合文章最后一段的“They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather. (他们希望这样的技术有一天能被用于防止雷击。可能的用途可能是在车站、机场或大量人群聚集的地方。)”可推知，研究人员开发这一系统的目的在于保护人们免受雷击。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes.(这些数据与四种主要地表条件有关：气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速，这些数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中，并与雷击记录进行比较。)”可知，气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速等数据会放入到一种独特的机器学习算法中，并与雷击记录进行比较。由此可知，系统特殊在采用了一种独特的机器学习算法。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, taking lightning charges from clouds to the ground.(从事该项目的科学家们正在试验一种激光技术，该技术有朝一日可以控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层带到地面。)”可知，科学家们正在研究一种激光技术，这种技术能控制闪电活动，将云层的闪电电荷带到地面上。由此可推知，有了激光技术后，科学家们下一步可能会把目标放在闪电产生的能量上。故选D项。
28．主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，文章首段首句“Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to know when and where lightning will strike.(科学家们表示，他们已经开发出一种使用机器来了解闪电何时何地会发生的系统。)”提出科学家们已经开发出一种用机器来了解闪电会在何时何地发生的系统；第二段介绍了开发该系统的原因；第三、四、五段介绍了该系统的工作原理和研究过程；最后一段介绍了该系统的研究现状。由此可知，本文主要介绍了这种能预测闪电的系统。C项“A Method of Predicting Lightning.”最能概括本文主旨。故选C项。
29．B 30．C 31．A 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文阐述了社交媒体从单纯的社交软件变为赚钱工具的现象，并呼吁青少年用户群体正确使用社交媒体和树立正确的价值观。
29．词句猜测题。根据指代关系和第一段的“These social media platforms have transformed from a way to stay connected to an industry where even kids can make money off their posts. While this may seem like another opportunistic innovation, it’s really full of hidden false realities.”（这些社交媒体平台已经从一种保持联系的方式转变为一个连孩子都能通过发帖赚钱的行业。虽然这看起来像是另一种机会主义创新，但它确实充满了隐藏的非真实现实。）可知，this指代上文中“even kids can make money off their posts”这一现象，即“在社交媒体上赚钱”。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Teens between the ages of 13 and 17 make up 27% of TikTok viewers, who can be easily influenced by what they are watching. They can put a false sense of self-value into who they look up to and what they represent: money, fame, being considered conventionally attractive.”（13至17岁的青少年占TikTok观众的27%，他们很容易受到所看内容的影响。他们会把一种错误的自我价值感放在他们所崇拜的人和他们所代表的东西上：金钱、名誉、被认为具有传统吸引力。）可知，孩子们很容易被观看的内容影响，他们可能会建立错误的自我价值观念，追求传统意义上更加吸引人的金钱和名誉，即年轻的用户可能会树立不正确的价值观。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据第五段Richard Colyer的话“TikTok can be great if used properly.”（如果使用恰当的话，抖音可能会是很棒的）推知，在Richard Colyer看来，如果使用恰当的话，抖音可能会对青少年有好的影响。故选A。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合最后一段“Again, as a fellow consumer of TikTok, I do enjoy the app when I have some time to kill and need a good laugh. I’m not against someone making a living on entertainment, but what does getting famous off of a 15-second video teach young people?”（而且，作为它的消费者，当我有时间消磨，需要大笑的时候，我的确喜欢这个软件。我并不反对某人靠娱乐谋生，但是一个15秒的视频教年轻人什么能出名呢？）可知，本文是观点对峙类议论文。文章主要阐述了社交媒体从单纯的社交软件变为赚钱工具的现象，并且很多用户的收入远高于普通人。作者认为抖音应被当作娱乐方式，而不是人们赚钱的工具，因为短短的15秒视频并不能教给青少年太多有价值的东西。因此推断A项“工作还是娱乐”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
33．B 34．D 35．A 36．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们普遍认为创造力是一种天赋，其实这是一种误解，科学家验证了创造力是与人的辛苦付出分不开的。只要人们愿意付出艰辛努力，创造力是可以掌握的。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段“Most people believe the area of creativity has been awarded to those thought to have special talent. We look upon these “creative geniuses,” as we often call them, with great respect and a bit of envy. Their abilities, most people believe, ore bestowed (给予) by good genes, or, as if in Greek mythology (神话), from some kind of divine (天赐的) inspiration.(大多数人认为创造力是授予那些被认为有特殊才能的人的。我们对这些我们常称他们为“创造性天才”的人满怀敬意，也带着一点嫉妒。大多数人相信，他们的能力来自良好的基因，或者像希腊神话中一样，来自某种神的启示)”可知，人们普遍认为创造力来自与生俱来的基因或相关的天赋。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据第六段“But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who hones his skill through years of continuous training, foregoing other pursuits for the sole passion, people who show the slightest reluctance for arduous labor are bound to witness their boasted ability disappear.(但是，就像一个公认的有创造力的棒球运动员，通过多年的持续训练来磨练他的技术，放弃了其他的追求，为了唯一的爱好，那些对艰苦的劳动表现出丝毫不情愿的人，必然会看到他们所夸耀的能力消失)”可知，通过多年的持续艰苦训练才会成就有创造力的棒球运动员，而对于没有坚持艰苦付出和努力的人是不会再有所夸耀的“创造力”的。故选D。
35．词句猜测题。分析可知，划线单词所在短语“foregoing other pursuits for the sole passion”中“the sole passion”应是指前文“But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who hones his skill through years of continuous training”提及的“baseball”，棒球运动。由此可知，一个有创造力的棒球运动员应是为了棒球运动这一目标而不断努力训练，从而会放弃其他的“爱好”。由此可推知，“foregoing”应是“放弃”含义，与选项A“giving up”含义一致。故选A。
36．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章第二段内容“According to some scientists, who for the past 20 years have put the elusive subject of creativity through the rigors of research, you are underrating yourself. Da Vinci you may never be, but when it comes to creativity, we are all somewhat blessed.(根据一些科学家的说法，在过去的20年里，他们把创造力这个难以捉摸的课题通过了严格的研究，你低估了自己。你也许永远不会成为达·芬奇，但说到创意，我们都多少有点福气)”以及最后一段“Csikszentmihalyi concludes that no one would ignore the sweat they shed (流淌) and their almost crazy willingness to follow their creative efforts to the very end, wherever that may be. These are the very things we all can master, so long as we’d like to.(Csikszentmihalyi的结论是，没有人会忽视他们所付出的汗水，以及他们近乎疯狂的意愿，无论他们的创造性努力是在哪里，都要坚持到底。只要我们愿意，这些都是我们可以掌握的)”可知，本文主要是关于人们对创造力的误解及其本质。故选C。
37．C 38．B 39．B 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国电视广告中宣传的“黄金大米”，这似乎是为了解决贫困地区儿童缺乏维生素A的问题，但事实上是为了让美国人接受转基因食品。
37．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“None of these children live in the United States. They live in countries where white rice forms the main part of the diet. Too much white rice without other food causes lack of vitamin A. This can lead to blindness.”（这些孩子都不住在美国。他们生活在以白米为主要食物的国家。吃太多白米而不吃其他食物会导致缺乏维生素A。这可能导致失明）可知，之所以吃黄金大米，是因为有些地区的儿童食物单一，只吃白米，导致缺乏维生素A。由此可推断出，美国的孩子不需要吃黄金大米，是因为他们有各种各样的食物，不把“黄金大米”当作主食。故选C项。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第五段关键句“And the more they learn, the less they like what they hear.”（他们了解的越多，就越不喜欢听到的东西）和第七段关键句“Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food.”（或许黄金大米的主要目的是让人们接受转基因食品）可知，美国的人们并不接受转基因食品，他们也不喜欢黄金大米这个主意。由此推知，黄金大米在美国做广告的主要原因是人们还没有接受转基因食品。故选B项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第五段关键句“People like science. And people like to eat food. But they would like the two things kept separate.”（人们喜欢科学。人们喜欢吃东西。但他们希望这两件事分开）可知，在美国和欧洲，人们希望科学和吃的东西是分开的。由此推知，欧美人最喜欢的食物是没有科学帮助而产出的食物。故选B项。
40．推理判断题。根据文章第六段关键句“The truth is that a child would have to eat 9 kilograms of golden rice every day to get enough vitamin A. And Gordon Conway of the Rockefeller Foundation, which helped the development of golden rice, says that the advertisements have gone too far.”（事实是，一个孩子每天必须吃9公斤黄金大米才能获得足够的维生素A。帮助开发黄金大米的洛克菲勒基金会的戈登·康威表示，广告做得太过分了）和第七段关键句“Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food.”（或许黄金大米的主要目的是让人们接受转基因食品）可知，作者引用了Gordon Conway的话说明这个广告所宣传的内容在现实生活中是很难做到的，也许广告的真正目的不是用黄金大米救助儿童，而是让人们接受转基因食品。由此可推断出，作者认为电视广告没有说实话，它们并没有那么实用。故选A项。
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