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山东省泰安市泰山区2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编：阅读理解
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山东省泰安市泰山区
2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2023年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
三、阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分)
阅读下列短文或图表, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
James Dawson, a sixth grader at an American middle school, was eating his lunch one day, when he accidentally swallowed a piece of the plastic wrapping (包裹)his food. He started to choke (噎住)and grasp his throat. Great fear quickly set in when he realized he couldn't breathe. “It felt sharp in my throat. Very sharp. And it was just hurting, ”James' recalled. adding. “I was like, I'm going to die. Help me
Thankfully, a boy James didn't know very well, happened to be walking by at just the right time. What was more, 11 -year -old-Arad Arbasi knew exactly what to do. He saw James grasping his throat, and noted that the boy's face had tumed completely purple. So he ran behind James immediately and started doing the Heimlich maneuver(海姆立克腹部冲击 法). In the end, James-shouted, “It's out! It's out!”
Arad said he'd learned how to do the Heimlich from a book several years before. So he understood the physics. behind it. “What it does is push air through the airway(气道)to throw. whatever is there out, ”he explained.
That night, James went home and told his mother what had happened. She wanted so badly to find the child who'd saved her son that she posted it on the Internet. Later, Arad's mother saw it and wrote her back.
Arad and James said the choking event led to a close friendship, and James was very grateful to his friend for helping him when others didn't even notice he was in trouble.
“He knew what to do and I'm glad he knew what to do, ”James said, or I probably wouldn't be talking. ”
36. What can we learn about James from Paragraph 1?
A. He liked to eat alone. B. He choked at noon one day:
C. He would never eat at school again. D. He stayed calm when he choked.
37. Where did Arad learn the Heimlich maneuver?
A. From his parents. B. From a video. C. From a book. D. From a class.
38. Which words can best describe Arad according to the passage?
A. Wise and calm. B. Brave and lively. C. Polite and patient. D. Careful and shy.
39. What's the purpose of the passage?
A. To encourage readers to do some reading.
B. To advise readers to develop good eating habits.
C. To show readers how to do the Heimlich maneuver.
D. To show readers the importance of learning first aid(急救方法).
B
There are actually lots of cool projects you can do around the house. Come and have a try!
Dancing raisins(葡萄干)
What you need: clear soda -water, two glasses, water, some raisins
Steps:
▶Fill one glass with clear soda, and the other glass with water.
▶Put the raisins in each glass, and watch how they act in water and soda.
What's happening?
Once the gas bubbles(气泡)reach the surface of the soda, they break and the gas is given off into the air. This makes the raisins lose buoyancy(浮力)and fall back. down to the bottom of the glass. So, the raisins dance in soda!
Magic of light
What you need: a piece of paper, a marker, a glass, water
Steps:
▶ Get a piece of paper and draw two big arrows(箭头)on it, one near the top, and one near the bottom. Make the arrows point in the same direction.
▶Fill the glass with water. Slowly lower the piece of paper behind the glass of water. Look through the glass of water, and. see what happens!
What's happening?
The image appears to be flipped(翻转). Light travels the fastest through air, a little more slowly through water, and even more slowly through glass. That means that the light bends when it travels. And the light paths actually cross.
Magic finger
What you need: black pepper, a plate, water, dish soap
Steps:
▶ Fill the plate with enough water to reach the edges(边缘).
▶ Put the pepper on to the water, covering as much of the water surface as possible. The more pepper, the more fun. Put your finger into the soap, and immediately touch the water in the center of the plate to see what happens!
What's happening?
When you add dish soap to the water, it lowers the surface tension(表面张力)of the water. The water molecules(水分子)try to stick together and move away from the soap while carrying the pepper with them. So, the pepper moves quickly from the center of the plate to the edges.
40. What causes the raisins to fall back down to the bottom of the glass?
A. The height of the glass.
B. The weight of gas bubbles.
C. The pressure of soda water.
D. The gas given off when bubbles break.
41. Which has the same principle(原理)as Magic of light?
A. A pencil appears to be broken when being put in a glass of water.
B. The trees in the distance look smaller than those near.
C. Oil will be on the surface when being poured into water.
D. People on the earth don't feel the earth turning.
42. Which picture looks like the shape formed when you put your magic finger in the water?
(white part =water)
C
Have you ever wondered why so many apps are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. Well, instead of paying with money, you're paying by sharing your personal data (资料). Then, businesses buy and use the data so that they can show you targeted ads (定向广告).
What happens to personal information online? Many free apps get paid by businesses who want to know about the users of the apps. What a business wants is the exact information about customers. Companies called “data brokers” collect your data — everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow—and sell them to other brokers and businesses. Why do companies want the data? The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services.
What can we do about it? Many countries have made laws to protect personal information.
For example, a law in the United States says companies must get parents’ permission to collect personal data from kids under 13. China's law on personal information protection came into effect on November 1, 2021. At the same time, we ourselves should try to guard our data. If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying “No” first. Many apps also have ·privacy settings (隐私设置), which you can manage to increase your privacy.
In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it.
43. The writer starts the passage by ____________.
A. giving a fact B. providing an example C. listing number D. telling a story
44. What doesn't the passage tell us about data brokers?
A. Who buys our data from them.
B. What personal data they collect.
C. What will happen to them in the future.
D. What data brokers do with your data.
45. The underlined word “permission” means _______________ in Chinese.
A. 表扬 B. 关注 C. 提供 D. 许可
46. The writer wrote the passage mainly to ask us to _______________.
A. receive targeted ads
B. put a high value on personal information and guard i
C. welcome the law on personal information protection
D. manage the privacy settings. increase our apps for a to privacy
D
Since humans sent the first satellite (卫星)to space in the 1950s, scientists have been studying an important topic: how to grow food in space if humans will one day live there.
A recent experiment at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗)during the Shenzhou XIV mission. The rice seedlings are growing very well, ” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高杆水稻品种)have reached a height of 30. centimeters. The seedlings of the short shoot rice variety have grown to 5. centimeters, China Daily reported on Aug 30.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature(成熟的 )plant producing new seeds.
Such food -growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth. By sending seeds to space, we can create mutated(突变的)seeds, thanks to microgravity (微重力), lack of air and cosmic rays(宇宙射线). The seeds can then produce yields (产量)on Earth.
For more than 30 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds in space. They are planted every year in fields that cover tens of millions of hectares (公顷).
According to Yao Tong, an engineer from Hainan Aerospace Engineering Breeding Research Center, 30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are “space strawberries”, which are as. big as. eggs. The center has also produced. “space tomatoes” with yields increased by 30 percent, and “space bananas” with a growth shortened from 13 months to 9 months.
47. How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month?
A. 5cm. B. 25cm. C. 30cm. D. 35cm.
48. How does the current(现在的)rice experiment differ from other experiments?
A. Its seedlings have successfully come up.
B. It goes through a complete life cycle.
C. Its seedlings are growing very well.
D. It uses completely new rice varieties.
49. Why do we grow food in space?
a. To feed astronauts. b. study microgravity.
c. To increase yields on Earth. d. To research on cosmic rays.
A. a b B. b c C. b d D. a c
50. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Space planting is benefiting us.
B. Space planting has disadvantages
C. People will never run out of food
D. People are afraid of food bred(
2022年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
三、阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分)
阅读下列短文或图表, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Every country celebrates high school graduation in different ways. Sweden is no exception. High school graduation is a very special day that is full of strange, funny and unique traditions.
One of the main ways you can tell whether a graduation is happening, is to see if all students wear special white hats with their names on them. They are quite similar to the kind of hat that a ship’s captain wears. Girls prefer to pair theirs with a simple white dress, while boys wear suits.
After getting dressed, graduates will have a champagne(香槟酒) breakfast in a large garden. Graduation takes place in summer and usually the sun is out, making having breakfast outdoors a joyful thing. It is the perfect way to start the day.
After breakfast, graduates head for the school and there is a graduation ceremony. After picking up their diplomas(毕业证书), graduates will make their way out into an outside space at the school.
Their families and friends gather there. One’s family won’t be difficult to find, since they’ll likely be holding up an embarrassing childhood picture of the graduate. Graduates are then given flower chains to wear round their necks. Families and friends also give them small gifts, such as a medal, a ring or a watch, which are usually kept for the rest of life.
With loud music, graduates get on a truck, which is often covered with some slogans(口号). The truck runs around town while the students wave, dance, laugh and enjoy themselves. People will cheer to express good wishes as the students drive past.
Graduation in Sweden has grown into a whole town event. Relaxation seems to have become the real theme of Swedish graduation. The only thing graduates need to do is enjoy the time with their friends and families.
11．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How graduates start the day. B．Why graduates wear special white hats.
C．Where the graduation ceremony is held. D．What graduates wear on graduation day.
12．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Dressing up. B．Visiting a big garden.
C．Enjoying breakfast outdoors. D．Making a champagne breakfast.
13．Graduates’ families and friends will ________ for the event.
A．prepare some small gifts B．take a group photo
C．make flower chains themselves D．choose some good -looking photos
14．People will ________ when they come across graduates.
A．dance together B．drink champagne C．express good wishes D．hold up flowers
B
In the coming summer holiday, we offer all kinds of interesting and exciting activities. You can call 1-800-987 -9852 to order or to ask for more information.
Schlitterbahn Waterpark
Schlitterbahn Waterpark. the number one water park in the State of Texas, is designed to give your whole family a cool place to relax completely.
▶Most guests spend about 4 to 10 hours at the park.
▶Proper for all ages.
▶Available to disabled people.
▶Great restaurants and gift shops.
Grand Historic City Tour
With a Grand Historic City Tour, guests are sure to have an amazing time discovering everything that the area has to offer. Start one of these tours with the whole family to create some new memories in the Texas Hill Country. Each tour offers something special and takes place in a comfortable bus.
▶Each tour lasts about 4 hours.
▶Proper for all ages.
Sea World San Antonio
You can discover the fascinating sea life in Sea World San Antonio, where interesting rides, exciting moments to come across some of the world’s most amazing animals are always right around the comer.
▶Most guests spend 1 or 2 full days in the park.
▶Proper for young children.
▶Great gift shops.
15．The most special about Schlitterbahn Waterpark is that ________.A．it has wonderful gift shops B．it is special for young children.
C．it offers interesting rides D．it is good for disabled people
16．The tourists can ________ in the Sea World San Antonio.
A．go for a swim B．watch sea animals C．watch movies D．enjoy historical movies
17．The purpose of the text is to ________.
A．describe the number one parks in the city B．show how to make a summer holiday plan
C．raise the readers’ interests in these activities D．share the writer’s experience in visiting the places
C
A dance performance taken from the poetic dance drama Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting（《只此青绿》）has been considered the most amazing program at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala.
The creators of the poetic dance drama got inspiration from a great ancient Chinese painting, A Panorama of Mountains and Rivers（《千里江山图》） by Wang Ximeng. Wang was a painter from the Song Dynasty. He spent half a year finishing the painting when he was only 18. Now the painting is at the Palace Museum. It has been on show to the public only four times since 1949. The 11.9-meter-long painting is a record of people’s lives and the natural scenery including mountains, rivers and villages of that time.
The poetic dance drama tells the story of a researcher from the Palace Museum who has spent all his time studying the painting. We can follow him to the moment when Wang was about to finish the artwork. “It is not to tell people how great the painting is, but to help people understand traditional Chinese culture,” says Xie Suhao, who plays the character.
Since last August, the dance poetic drama has been played more than 50 times in over 18 cities in China. “I hope our dance can be performed on more and bigger stages to show more people all over the world a beautiful China with a mix of old and new,” says Meng Qingyang, the lead dancer of Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting.
18．The poetic dance drama is inspired by ________.
A．a poem B．a painting C．a song D．a film
19．From the second paragraph, we know that A Panorama of Mountains and Rivers ________.
A．took 6 months to complete
B．is the longest ancient painting in China
C．can be seen easily in the Palace Museum
D．was painted by Wang Ximeng when he was eighty years old
20．According to Xie Suhao, the poetic dance drama is played to ________.
A．spread traditional Chinese culture
B．discover the beauty of the natural scenery
C．make people pay more attention to the dance group
D．show A Panorama of Mountains and Rivers is a great artwork
21．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．The most popular program at the Spring Festival Gala
B．The natural scenery recorded in ancient painting
C．Traditional Chinese culture gets popular online
D．Poetic dance drama brings ancient painting a new life
D
During the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, athletes from all over the world broke both personal and Olympic records. High-tech elements（元素）have been giving “wings” to these hard-working athletes, helping them become “faster, higher, stronger”.
The National Speed Skating Oval（国家速滑馆）（the Ice Ribbon）（冰丝带）saw 12 new Olympic records and one world record, including Chinese speed skater Gao Tingyu’s Olympic record of 34.32 seconds in the men’s 500 meters.
Known as “the fastest ice”, the 12,000-square-meter rink（冰场）has received very good feedback from the athletes. “It makes everyone skate faster,” Gao Tingyu said after he bagged the gold.
The secret behind is a new carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）ice-making technology. Speed-skating requires a very flat（平滑的）ice surface. If the ice surface temperature doesn’t change much, the ice will stay flatter. Flat ice is easier to skate on. Liquid（液态的）carbon dioxide was put under the ice for the first time. It cooled the ice and kept the temperature changes on the surface within just half of one degree.
In events like freestyle skiing and ski jumping, the direction and speed of the wind could largely affect athletes’ performance. A research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）developed a wind measuring（测量）system using AI technology. “Some events only last a few seconds, and the wind is changing all the time. This system allows athletes and coaches to ‘see’ wind directly through real-time data（数据）on their pads, and decide when and where to jump.” the team leader Shao Yun told Beijing Daily.
There are many more high-tech elements that boost（提高）athletic performance, including drag-reducing（减少阻力的）sportswear, smart beds that massage（按摩）athletes, and robots that cook. “All these helped keep China’s promise to hold an ‘athlete-centered’ Olympics,” said Zhao Weidong, the spokesperson of the Beijing organizing committee.
22．Gao Tingyu set a record for ________.
A．performing best in men’s ski jumping B．skating the fastest speed in men’s 500 meters
C．being the youngest skater at the Olympics D．designing the National Speed Skating Oval
23．Liquid carbon dioxide was put under the ice to ________.
A．keep the ice cold B．save water resources
C．make the ice harder D．change the temperature of the ice
24．The wind measuring system from the Chinese Academy of Sciences helps athletes ________.
A．change the direction of the wind B．change the speed of the wind
C．“see” wind through real-time data D．record their jumps in real time
25．What do we know from the words of Zhao Weidong?
A．China is expected to hold another Winter Olympics soon.
B．Other countries look at China with new eyes.
C．The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were the best ever.
D．The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were people-centered.
2021年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
三、阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分)
阅读下列短文或图表, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
I would never forget what I learned from the day when I left my junior high school. On the last day our teacher told us something educational that I would like to share with you.
He began by drawing a man standing in the middle of a circle. To make it more interesting, he drew things like a house, a school and a few friends inside the circle.
He asked, “Can anyone tell me what this is?” In a long silence, one student decided to express his idea, “The world?” The teacher said, “That's close. This is your Comfort Zone（舒适圈）. Inside your circle you have all the things that are important to you-your home, your family, your friends and your jobs. People feel that inside this circle they are safe from any danger.”
“Can anyone tell me what will happen when you step out of this circle?” A strong silence came over the room. The same student replied, “You are afraid.” Another student said. “You may make mistakes.” The silence continued and our teacher smiled and asked, “When you make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said. “You learn something.”
“Exactly, you are learning.” Our teacher turned to the blackboard and drew an arrow（箭头）pointing from the man to the outside of the circle. He went on saying, “When you leave your Comfort Zone, you put yourself out there. The result is that you learn something that you do not know to become a better person.” He drew a bigger circle around the original（原来的） circle, and added a few new things like more friends, a big house, etc.
A lesson from this story is that if you stay inside your Comfort Zone you will never be able to open your eyes to the outside world. When you step out of your Comfort Zone, you will make your circle bigger to challenge your mind and grow to be stronger, and all in all to be a better person.
11. The story happened on ________.
A. the first day of junior high school B. the last day of junior high school
C. the first day of senior high school D. the last day of senior high school
12. Which of the following is NOT included in the Comfort Zone that the teacher drew on the blackboard first?
A. Friends. B. House. C. Cars. D. School.
13. When people step out of the Comfort Zone, they will ________ at last.
A. learn something B. feel a little afraid
C. begin to make mistakes D. miss their family and friends
14. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. families always get in the way of people's growth
B. arrows help people make more friends
C. silence in the class means students can think more
D. stepping out of Comfort Zone can make people better
B
Bruce Vento High School
Back-to-school Celebration
February 28th, Friday 9:30 a. m.—11:30 a. m
BVHS is having a back-to-school celebration with sports, games, art programs and more. You don’t want to miss it! You don’t need to register（登记）for the event. Your school ID card is required to receive a free backpack.
Volunteers needed for the Back-to-school Celebration!
Click（点击）here to register to volunteer at our Back-to-school Celebration. We will need your help before, during and after the event. Please feel free to register for the area you feel best fits you. Both parents and students are welcome.
Volunteer Training
February 21st. 5:00 p. m.—8:00 p. m.
In the School Hall
If you have any questions about dates and times feel free to contact（联系）us during our office hours.
E-mail: info@familyvaluesforlife. org
Phone: 651-774-6663
Office hours: Monday-Friday. 9:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m.
15. Which activity requires the students to bring their school ID cards?
A. Making art B. Playing sports
C. Playing games D. Getting a backpack.
16. To volunteer at the Back-to-school Celebration, one has to ________.
A. get some training B. start work in early February
C. go to the School Hall for registration D. be a student of Bruce Vento High School
17. How many ways of contacting the school are provided?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
C
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter（脑灰质）. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learned a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference is.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible（灵活的）,” he said, “You are actually going beyond（超出） language and have a better understanding of different ideas."
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
18. If people learn other languages, what will be changed?
A. white matter B. grey matter C. exercise D. muscles
19. What does the underlined word “bilingual” probably mean in Chinese?
A. 双语学习者 B. 词汇学 C. 口语交际 D. 实用语法
20. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Leaning other languages can make you become smarter.
B. A second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.
C. Learning other languages can change grey matter which processes information.
D. Grey matter density in the brain was worse in bilinguals than that in people without a second language.
21. In the last two paragraphs, the writer wants to tell us that ________.
A. Italian is the best choice for you to learn as a second language
B. learning a second language is the same as studying math
C. early learning of a second language helps you a lot in studying other subjects
D. you’d better choose the ages between two and thirty-four to learn a second language
D
Dogs have an amazing talent for understand human social behavior, and they can take actions upon human orders, but what if they are given instructions not by real humans but by humanoid robots that behave like humans? Will dogs obey the robot's orders?
At the International Conference on Human Robot Interaction2020. Researchers at Yale University’s Social Robotics Lab tested how dogs responded to instructions from robots. A group of 34 dogs participated in the experiment, and each dog was tested with either a speaker or a human-like robot in a room. After a brief introduction to the testing environment, the robot or speaker called the dog's name, using the same voice. Then the robot or speaker would give a "sit" order, which was the real test.
Results of the experiments showed that the dogs paid more attention to the robot than the speaker. Dogs obeyed the "sit" order over 60% of the time when it came from the robot, but less than 20% of the time when it came from the speaker, even if they did look a bit confused about the whole thing at times.
While these results are certainly interesting, it's important to answer the question of whether dogs could respond to a social robot at all. The researchers were giving the dogs a great opportunity. For example, the dogs' owners were instructed to interact with the robot, talking to it and making eye contact, to help encourage the dogs to see the robot as friendly and make the anxiety less while also drawing attention to the robot. However, they haven' t discovered what factors (因素) might increase or decrease that likelihood.
"Since dogs are very sensitive to human social cues (暗示), the robot being humanoid or not may make a difference, lead researcher Meiying Qin said. "Yet, if a non-humanoid robot behaves like a dog or shows any social behaviors, dogs may also respond in a social manner."
"Now that we have evidence that dogs do respond to social robots, the next step is to figure out what we haven't discovered yet," added Meiying Qin. "Humanoid robot, which is one of the greatest invention in the 20th century, is the advanced representation of robot technique." Some people may question the value of making social robots for pets. Dogs aren't the only animals that robots interact with, of course the larger idea is that by studying how dogs behave toward social robots relative to humans, it can help us understand bow social robots affect our own behavior, too.
22. Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________.
A. how the test was performed B. what was found in the test
C. why the scientists did the test D. who took part in the test
23. The researcher later will probably focus on ________.
A. human orders given to dogs B. factor to affect dog’s response
C. robot technique to develop D. social robots designed for pets
24. We can learn from the experiment that ________.
A. dogs seldom obey the order from a humanoid robot
B. dogs pay less attention to a mechanical-looking robot
C. dogs can pay more attention to owners’ voice in the speaker
D. dogs can understand the social meanings from machines
25. The lead researcher Meiying Qin probably agrees that ________.
A. humanoid robots can influence humans’ behaviors
B. it is worthless to design advanced robots for animals
C. robots will take the place of humans to look after pets
D. humans don’t respond socially to non-humanoid robots
答案：
2023年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了Arad用海姆立克急救法救了一个被食物噎到的学生的故事。
11．细节理解题。根据“James Dawson, a sixth grader at an American middle school, was eating his lunch one day…He started to choke”可知，在中午吃午饭的时候噎到了，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“Arad said he’d learned how to do the Heimlich from a book several years before”可知，从一本书中学到的海姆立克急救法，故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据“What was more, 11-year-old Arad Arbasi knew exactly what to do. He saw James grasping his throat, and noted that the boy’s face had turned completely purple. So he ran behind James immediately and started doing the Heimlich maneuver”可知，Arad在危险时刻保持冷静，用多年以前在一本书上看到的海姆立克急救法救了被食物噎到的学生，所以Arad是一个聪明冷静的人，故选A。
14．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过讲述Arad用海姆立克急救法救了一个被食物噎到的学生的故事告诉我们学习急救的重要性，故选D。
15．D 16．A 17．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个简单而有趣的科学实验。
15．细节理解题。根据“Once the gas bubbles（气泡）reach the surface of the soda, they break and the gas is given off into the air. This makes the raisins lose buoyancy（浮力）and fall back down to the bottom of the glass.”可知，气泡破裂，气体释放到空中，使得葡萄干失去浮力，从而掉入杯底。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据“The image appears to be flipped（翻转）. Light travels the fastest through air, a little more slowly through water, and even more slowly through glass. That means that the light bends when it travels. And the light paths actually cross.”可知，光在玻璃中传播速度更慢，并会发生弯曲，因此把铅笔放在装有水的玻璃杯里会出现断裂现象，其原理和光的魔力的原理是一样的。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据“The water molecules（水分子）try to stick together and move away from the soap while carrying the pepper with them. So, the pepper moves quickly from the center of the plate to the edges.”可知，手摸到盘子中央的水时，辣椒会从盘子的中心迅速移动到边缘。故选C。
18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B
【导语】本文主要是让我们重视个人信息，并保护好它。
18．推理判断题。阅读第一段可知，本段是在讲述一个事实，那就是很多软件免费使用，这是因为我们使用时，我们的个人信息进行了交换，商业公司购买并推送广告，故选A。
19．推理判断题。由第二段“Companies called ‘data brokers’ collect your data—everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow—and sell them to other brokers and businesses”知，文章并没有告诉我们将来他们会发生什么事情，故选C。
20．词句猜测题。由前句“Many countries have made laws to protect personal information.”和句中“to collect personal data from kids under 13”知，此句是说美国的公司必须获得父母的许可才能收集13岁以下儿童的个人数据，“permission”的意思是“许可”，故选D。
21．主旨大意题。阅读本文可知，文章主要是让我们重视个人信息，保护好它，故选B。
22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，也通过例子告诉我们太空种植是有益的。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段的“the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高杆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters.”可知高杆水稻品种的幼苗已长到30厘米。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段的“While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature(成熟的) plant producing new seeds.”可知虽然在太空中还有其他水稻实验，但这是同类实验中第一次产生植物的完整生命周期——从种子开始，到成熟植物产生新种子结束。因此区别在于经理完整的生命周期。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth…. The seeds can then produce yields(产量) on Earth.”可知这样的粮食种植实验不仅适用于宇航员。他们还可以解决地球上的食物问题。然后，种子可以在地球上产生产量。因此是为了喂宇航员以及增加地球上的产量。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据最后的“30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are ‘space strawberries’, which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced ‘space tomatoes’ with yields increased by 30 percent, and ‘space bananas’ with a growth shortened from 13 months to 9 months.”可知北京销售的草莓中有30%是“太空草莓”，和鸡蛋一样大。该中心还生产了产量增加30%的“太空西红柿”，以及生长期从13个月缩短到9个月的“太空香蕉”。因此主要介绍了太空种植的植物对我们的好处。故选A。
2022年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
11．D
12．C
13．A
14．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍瑞典庆祝高中毕业的方式。
11．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍毕业典礼当天学生们穿戴什么，故选D。
12．词句猜测题。分析“Graduation takes place in summer and usually the sun is out, making having breakfast outdoors a joyful thing. It is the perfect way to start the day.”可知，毕业典礼在夏天举行，通常阳光明媚，在户外吃早餐是一件令人愉快的事情，这是开始一天的最佳方式。此处it指的是“在户外吃早餐”，故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“Families and friends also give them small gifts, such as a medal, a ring or a watch, which are usually kept for the rest of life.”可知，家人和朋友也会给他们一些小礼物，比如一块奖牌、一枚戒指或一块手表，这些礼物通常会保存一辈子。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据“People will cheer to express good wishes as the students drive past.”可知，当学生们开车经过时，人们会欢呼，表达良好的祝愿。故选C。
15．D
16．B
17．C
【导语】
本文是一篇广告，文章主要介绍了暑假可以去的三个地方，并详细介绍了相关的活动。
15．
细节理解题。根据“Available to disabled people.”可知，Schlitterbahn Waterpark允许残疾人去。故选D。
16．
细节理解题。根据“You can discover the fascinating sea life in Sea World San Antonio”可知，在Sea World San Antonio你可以发现一些神奇的海洋生物。故选B。
17．
主旨大意题。根据“In the coming summer holiday, we offer all kinds of interesting and exciting activities. You can call 1-800-987 -9852 to order or to ask for more information”可知，文章的目的就是为了引起读者对这些活动的兴趣。故选C。
18．B
19．A
20．A
21．D
【导语】
本文主要讲述了舞蹈诗剧《只此青绿》的灵感来源，讲述的内容以及它所传播的一种文化。
18．细节理解题。根据“The creators of the poetic dance drama got inspiration from a great ancient Chinese painting”可知，这个舞蹈诗剧的灵感来自于一幅中国画，故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据“He spent half a year finishing the painting when he was only 18”可知，这幅画耗时6个月完成，故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据“It is not to tell people how great the painting is, but to help people understand traditional Chinese culture”可知，帮助人们了解中国传统文化，故选A。
21．最佳标题题。根据“I hope our dance can be performed on more and bigger stages to show more people all over the world a beautiful China with a mix of old and new”可知，本文通过这个令人惊叹的舞蹈诗剧《只此青绿》，来向全世界人们展示一个新旧交融的美丽中国，所以D选项“舞蹈诗剧给古画带来了新的生命”符合本文标题，故选D。
22．B
23．A
24．C
25．D
【导语】
本文主要介绍了冬奥会使用的高科技元素。
22．
细节理解题。根据“The National Speed Skating Oval（国家速滑馆）（the Ice Ribbon）（冰丝带）saw 12 new Olympic records and one world record, including Chinese speed skater Gao Tingyu’s Olympic record of 34.32 seconds in the men’s 500 meters.”以及“Gao Tingyu said after he bagged the gold”可知，高亭宇在男子500米滑冰比赛中获得了金牌，所以速度是最快的。故选B。
23．
细节理解题。根据“ It cooled the ice and kept the temperature changes on the surface within just half of one degree.”可知，是为了保持冰的低温。故选A。
24．
细节理解题。根据“This system allows athletes and coaches to ‘see’ wind directly through real-time data（数据）on their pads, and decide when and where to jump”可知，这个系统可以帮助运动员准确地测量风。故选C。
25．
细节理解题。根据“All these helped keep China’s promise to hold an “athlete-centered” Olympics,”可知，2022年北京冬奥会以人为中心。故选D。
2021年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在中学毕业前一天，老师给作者上了一节难忘的课：如果你呆在你的舒适区，你将永远无法开拓你对外面的世界视野。当你走出你的舒适区，你会让你的圈子更大，挑战你的思想，变得更强大，总而言之，成为一个更好的人。
11．细节理解题。根据文中第一段“I would never forget what I learned from the day when I left my junior high school. On the last day our teacher told us something educational that I would like to share with you.”可知当我要离开中学时，老师最后一天给我们讲了很有教育意义的课。可见，是初中的最后一天。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据文中第三段“This is your Comfort Zone. Inside your circle you have all the things that are important to you—your home, your family, your friends and your jobs. People feel that inside this circle they are safe from any danger.”舒适圈里是你的房子，你的家，你的朋友和职业。人们在舒适圈里觉得很安全。可知，学校也是舒适圈里的，所以不包括车。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据文中第四段“The silence continued and our teacher smiled and asked,“When you make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said, “You learn something.””可知在你犯错之后是学习。可见走出舒适圈是你在学习。故选A。
14．主旨大意题。根据文中第六段“When you step out of your Comfort Zone, you will make your circle bigger to challenge your mind and grow to be stronger, and all in all to be a better person.”可知当你走出舒适圈，你在调整自己变成更强大的人，总之是更好的人。可见文章的中心大意是走出舒适圈，成为更好的人。故选D。
15．D 16．A 17．B
【分析】本文是布鲁斯文托高中要举行返校庆典活动，招聘志愿者的广告。
15．细节理解题。根据“Back-to-school Celebration…Your school ID card is required to receive a free backpack.”可知，学生参加返校庆典活动需要带学生证，故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据“Volunteer Training”可知，要成为返校庆典的志愿者，你必须接受一些培训，故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据“E-mail: info@familyvaluesforlife. Org，Phone: 651-774-6663，Office hours: Monday-Friday. 9:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m”可知，学校提供了电子邮件和电话这两种联系方式，故选B。
18．B 19．A 20．D 21．C
【解析】短文大意：本文介绍了英国一所大学的一项新研究，发现学习第二语言时人的大脑灰质密度会发生更大的变化，对阅读、写作和理解都有很大帮助，所以，学习第二语言可以提高人的智力，早期学习第二语言也可以对你学习其他科目有帮助。
18．细节理解题。根据“Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter”可知，学习其他语言会改变大脑灰质，故选B。
19．词义猜测题。根据“They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learned a second language before the age of five”可知，与一组很早就学会了第二语言的进行了比较，这些人不但会英语，还会其他语言，所以可推断出bilinguals表示“双语学习者”，故选A。
20．推理判断题。根据“Scans showed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language”可知，双语者的大脑灰质密度比不懂第二语言的人要高，D表述错误，故选D。
21．主旨大意题。根据“The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better”及全段的内容，可知，作者通过最后两段想告诉我们，早期学习第二语言对你学习其他科目有很大帮助，故选C。
22．A 23．B 24．D 25．A
【分析】本文通过实验证明狗会听从类人机器人给予的指示，科学家认为通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。
22．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchers at Yale University’s Social Robotics Lab tested how dogs responded to instructions from robots. A group of 34 dogs participated in the experiment, …Then the robot or speaker would give a "sit" order, which was the real test.” 可知为了测试狗是如何回应机器人的指示的，研究人员用34只狗进行了实验，机器人或真人用同样的声音叫狗的名字。然后机器人或真人会给狗一个指令“坐”；以此看狗对指令的反应。由此可知本段主要介绍这个测试是如何进行的。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, they haven' t discovered what factors (因素) might increase or decrease that likelihood.” 然而，他们还没有发现哪些因素可能增加或减少这种可能性。由此推断研究人员稍后可能会关注那些影响狗的反应的因素。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段“Results of the experiments showed that the dogs paid more attention to the robot than the speaker.”可知实验结果表明，狗对机器人的专注程度高于真人。由此推断狗可以从机器人中理解社会意义。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“the larger idea is that by studying how dogs behave toward social robots relative to humans, it can help us understand bow social robots affect our own behavior, too.”可知更大的想法是，通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，它可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。故选A。
山东省泰安市泰山区
2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2023年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
三、阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分)
阅读下列短文或图表, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
James Dawson, a sixth grader at an American middle school, was eating his lunch one day, when he accidentally swallowed a piece of the plastic wrapping (包裹)his food. He started to choke (噎住)and grasp his throat. Great fear quickly set in when he realized he couldn't breathe. “It felt sharp in my throat. Very sharp. And it was just hurting, ”James' recalled. adding. “I was like, I'm going to die. Help me
Thankfully, a boy James didn't know very well, happened to be walking by at just the right time. What was more, 11 -year -old-Arad Arbasi knew exactly what to do. He saw James grasping his throat, and noted that the boy's face had tumed completely purple. So he ran behind James immediately and started doing the Heimlich maneuver(海姆立克腹部冲击 法). In the end, James-shouted, “It's out! It's out!”
Arad said he'd learned how to do the Heimlich from a book several years before. So he understood the physics. behind it. “What it does is push air through the airway(气道)to throw. whatever is there out, ”he explained.
That night, James went home and told his mother what had happened. She wanted so badly to find the child who'd saved her son that she posted it on the Internet. Later, Arad's mother saw it and wrote her back.
Arad and James said the choking event led to a close friendship, and James was very grateful to his friend for helping him when others didn't even notice he was in trouble.
“He knew what to do and I'm glad he knew what to do, ”James said, or I probably wouldn't be talking. ”
36. What can we learn about James from Paragraph 1?
A. He liked to eat alone. B. He choked at noon one day:
C. He would never eat at school again. D. He stayed calm when he choked.
37. Where did Arad learn the Heimlich maneuver?
A. From his parents. B. From a video. C. From a book. D. From a class.
38. Which words can best describe Arad according to the passage?
A. Wise and calm. B. Brave and lively. C. Polite and patient. D. Careful and shy.
39. What's the purpose of the passage?
A. To encourage readers to do some reading.
B. To advise readers to develop good eating habits.
C. To show readers how to do the Heimlich maneuver.
D. To show readers the importance of learning first aid(急救方法).
B
There are actually lots of cool projects you can do around the house. Come and have a try!
Dancing raisins(葡萄干)
What you need: clear soda -water, two glasses, water, some raisins
Steps:
▶Fill one glass with clear soda, and the other glass with water.
▶Put the raisins in each glass, and watch how they act in water and soda.
What's happening?
Once the gas bubbles(气泡)reach the surface of the soda, they break and the gas is given off into the air. This makes the raisins lose buoyancy(浮力)and fall back. down to the bottom of the glass. So, the raisins dance in soda!
Magic of light
What you need: a piece of paper, a marker, a glass, water
Steps:
▶ Get a piece of paper and draw two big arrows(箭头)on it, one near the top, and one near the bottom. Make the arrows point in the same direction.
▶Fill the glass with water. Slowly lower the piece of paper behind the glass of water. Look through the glass of water, and. see what happens!
What's happening?
The image appears to be flipped(翻转). Light travels the fastest through air, a little more slowly through water, and even more slowly through glass. That means that the light bends when it travels. And the light paths actually cross.
Magic finger
What you need: black pepper, a plate, water, dish soap
Steps:
▶ Fill the plate with enough water to reach the edges(边缘).
▶ Put the pepper on to the water, covering as much of the water surface as possible. The more pepper, the more fun. Put your finger into the soap, and immediately touch the water in the center of the plate to see what happens!
What's happening?
When you add dish soap to the water, it lowers the surface tension(表面张力)of the water. The water molecules(水分子)try to stick together and move away from the soap while carrying the pepper with them. So, the pepper moves quickly from the center of the plate to the edges.
40. What causes the raisins to fall back down to the bottom of the glass?
A. The height of the glass.
B. The weight of gas bubbles.
C. The pressure of soda water.
D. The gas given off when bubbles break.
41. Which has the same principle(原理)as Magic of light?
A. A pencil appears to be broken when being put in a glass of water.
B. The trees in the distance look smaller than those near.
C. Oil will be on the surface when being poured into water.
D. People on the earth don't feel the earth turning.
42. Which picture looks like the shape formed when you put your magic finger in the water?
(white part =water)
C
Have you ever wondered why so many apps are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. Well, instead of paying with money, you're paying by sharing your personal data (资料). Then, businesses buy and use the data so that they can show you targeted ads (定向广告).
What happens to personal information online? Many free apps get paid by businesses who want to know about the users of the apps. What a business wants is the exact information about customers. Companies called “data brokers” collect your data — everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow—and sell them to other brokers and businesses. Why do companies want the data? The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services.
What can we do about it? Many countries have made laws to protect personal information.
For example, a law in the United States says companies must get parents’ permission to collect personal data from kids under 13. China's law on personal information protection came into effect on November 1, 2021. At the same time, we ourselves should try to guard our data. If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying “No” first. Many apps also have ·privacy settings (隐私设置), which you can manage to increase your privacy.
In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it.
43. The writer starts the passage by ____________.
A. giving a fact B. providing an example C. listing number D. telling a story
44. What doesn't the passage tell us about data brokers?
A. Who buys our data from them.
B. What personal data they collect.
C. What will happen to them in the future.
D. What data brokers do with your data.
45. The underlined word “permission” means _______________ in Chinese.
A. 表扬 B. 关注 C. 提供 D. 许可
46. The writer wrote the passage mainly to ask us to _______________.
A. receive targeted ads
B. put a high value on personal information and guard i
C. welcome the law on personal information protection
D. manage the privacy settings. increase our apps for a to privacy
D
Since humans sent the first satellite (卫星)to space in the 1950s, scientists have been studying an important topic: how to grow food in space if humans will one day live there.
A recent experiment at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗)during the Shenzhou XIV mission. The rice seedlings are growing very well, ” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高杆水稻品种)have reached a height of 30. centimeters. The seedlings of the short shoot rice variety have grown to 5. centimeters, China Daily reported on Aug 30.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature(成熟的 )plant producing new seeds.
Such food -growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth. By sending seeds to space, we can create mutated(突变的)seeds, thanks to microgravity (微重力), lack of air and cosmic rays(宇宙射线). The seeds can then produce yields (产量)on Earth.
For more than 30 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds in space. They are planted every year in fields that cover tens of millions of hectares (公顷).
According to Yao Tong, an engineer from Hainan Aerospace Engineering Breeding Research Center, 30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are “space strawberries”, which are as. big as. eggs. The center has also produced. “space tomatoes” with yields increased by 30 percent, and “space bananas” with a growth shortened from 13 months to 9 months.
47. How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month?
A. 5cm. B. 25cm. C. 30cm. D. 35cm.
48. How does the current(现在的)rice experiment differ from other experiments?
A. Its seedlings have successfully come up.
B. It goes through a complete life cycle.
C. Its seedlings are growing very well.
D. It uses completely new rice varieties.
49. Why do we grow food in space?
a. To feed astronauts. b. study microgravity.
c. To increase yields on Earth. d. To research on cosmic rays.
A. a b B. b c C. b d D. a c
50. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Space planting is benefiting us.
B. Space planting has disadvantages
C. People will never run out of food
D. People are afraid of food bred(
2022年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
三、阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分)
阅读下列短文或图表, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Every country celebrates high school graduation in different ways. Sweden is no exception. High school graduation is a very special day that is full of strange, funny and unique traditions.
One of the main ways you can tell whether a graduation is happening, is to see if all students wear special white hats with their names on them. They are quite similar to the kind of hat that a ship’s captain wears. Girls prefer to pair theirs with a simple white dress, while boys wear suits.
After getting dressed, graduates will have a champagne(香槟酒) breakfast in a large garden. Graduation takes place in summer and usually the sun is out, making having breakfast outdoors a joyful thing. It is the perfect way to start the day.
After breakfast, graduates head for the school and there is a graduation ceremony. After picking up their diplomas(毕业证书), graduates will make their way out into an outside space at the school.
Their families and friends gather there. One’s family won’t be difficult to find, since they’ll likely be holding up an embarrassing childhood picture of the graduate. Graduates are then given flower chains to wear round their necks. Families and friends also give them small gifts, such as a medal, a ring or a watch, which are usually kept for the rest of life.
With loud music, graduates get on a truck, which is often covered with some slogans(口号). The truck runs around town while the students wave, dance, laugh and enjoy themselves. People will cheer to express good wishes as the students drive past.
Graduation in Sweden has grown into a whole town event. Relaxation seems to have become the real theme of Swedish graduation. The only thing graduates need to do is enjoy the time with their friends and families.
11．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How graduates start the day. B．Why graduates wear special white hats.
C．Where the graduation ceremony is held. D．What graduates wear on graduation day.
12．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Dressing up. B．Visiting a big garden.
C．Enjoying breakfast outdoors. D．Making a champagne breakfast.
13．Graduates’ families and friends will ________ for the event.
A．prepare some small gifts B．take a group photo
C．make flower chains themselves D．choose some good -looking photos
14．People will ________ when they come across graduates.
A．dance together B．drink champagne C．express good wishes D．hold up flowers
B
In the coming summer holiday, we offer all kinds of interesting and exciting activities. You can call 1-800-987 -9852 to order or to ask for more information.
Schlitterbahn Waterpark
Schlitterbahn Waterpark. the number one water park in the State of Texas, is designed to give your whole family a cool place to relax completely.
▶Most guests spend about 4 to 10 hours at the park.
▶Proper for all ages.
▶Available to disabled people.
▶Great restaurants and gift shops.
Grand Historic City Tour
With a Grand Historic City Tour, guests are sure to have an amazing time discovering everything that the area has to offer. Start one of these tours with the whole family to create some new memories in the Texas Hill Country. Each tour offers something special and takes place in a comfortable bus.
▶Each tour lasts about 4 hours.
▶Proper for all ages.
Sea World San Antonio
You can discover the fascinating sea life in Sea World San Antonio, where interesting rides, exciting moments to come across some of the world’s most amazing animals are always right around the comer.
▶Most guests spend 1 or 2 full days in the park.
▶Proper for young children.
▶Great gift shops.
15．The most special about Schlitterbahn Waterpark is that ________.A．it has wonderful gift shops B．it is special for young children.
C．it offers interesting rides D．it is good for disabled people
16．The tourists can ________ in the Sea World San Antonio.
A．go for a swim B．watch sea animals C．watch movies D．enjoy historical movies
17．The purpose of the text is to ________.
A．describe the number one parks in the city B．show how to make a summer holiday plan
C．raise the readers’ interests in these activities D．share the writer’s experience in visiting the places
C
A dance performance taken from the poetic dance drama Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting（《只此青绿》）has been considered the most amazing program at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala.
The creators of the poetic dance drama got inspiration from a great ancient Chinese painting, A Panorama of Mountains and Rivers（《千里江山图》） by Wang Ximeng. Wang was a painter from the Song Dynasty. He spent half a year finishing the painting when he was only 18. Now the painting is at the Palace Museum. It has been on show to the public only four times since 1949. The 11.9-meter-long painting is a record of people’s lives and the natural scenery including mountains, rivers and villages of that time.
The poetic dance drama tells the story of a researcher from the Palace Museum who has spent all his time studying the painting. We can follow him to the moment when Wang was about to finish the artwork. “It is not to tell people how great the painting is, but to help people understand traditional Chinese culture,” says Xie Suhao, who plays the character.
Since last August, the dance poetic drama has been played more than 50 times in over 18 cities in China. “I hope our dance can be performed on more and bigger stages to show more people all over the world a beautiful China with a mix of old and new,” says Meng Qingyang, the lead dancer of Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting.
18．The poetic dance drama is inspired by ________.
A．a poem B．a painting C．a song D．a film
19．From the second paragraph, we know that A Panorama of Mountains and Rivers ________.
A．took 6 months to complete
B．is the longest ancient painting in China
C．can be seen easily in the Palace Museum
D．was painted by Wang Ximeng when he was eighty years old
20．According to Xie Suhao, the poetic dance drama is played to ________.
A．spread traditional Chinese culture
B．discover the beauty of the natural scenery
C．make people pay more attention to the dance group
D．show A Panorama of Mountains and Rivers is a great artwork
21．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．The most popular program at the Spring Festival Gala
B．The natural scenery recorded in ancient painting
C．Traditional Chinese culture gets popular online
D．Poetic dance drama brings ancient painting a new life
D
During the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, athletes from all over the world broke both personal and Olympic records. High-tech elements（元素）have been giving “wings” to these hard-working athletes, helping them become “faster, higher, stronger”.
The National Speed Skating Oval（国家速滑馆）（the Ice Ribbon）（冰丝带）saw 12 new Olympic records and one world record, including Chinese speed skater Gao Tingyu’s Olympic record of 34.32 seconds in the men’s 500 meters.
Known as “the fastest ice”, the 12,000-square-meter rink（冰场）has received very good feedback from the athletes. “It makes everyone skate faster,” Gao Tingyu said after he bagged the gold.
The secret behind is a new carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）ice-making technology. Speed-skating requires a very flat（平滑的）ice surface. If the ice surface temperature doesn’t change much, the ice will stay flatter. Flat ice is easier to skate on. Liquid（液态的）carbon dioxide was put under the ice for the first time. It cooled the ice and kept the temperature changes on the surface within just half of one degree.
In events like freestyle skiing and ski jumping, the direction and speed of the wind could largely affect athletes’ performance. A research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）developed a wind measuring（测量）system using AI technology. “Some events only last a few seconds, and the wind is changing all the time. This system allows athletes and coaches to ‘see’ wind directly through real-time data（数据）on their pads, and decide when and where to jump.” the team leader Shao Yun told Beijing Daily.
There are many more high-tech elements that boost（提高）athletic performance, including drag-reducing（减少阻力的）sportswear, smart beds that massage（按摩）athletes, and robots that cook. “All these helped keep China’s promise to hold an ‘athlete-centered’ Olympics,” said Zhao Weidong, the spokesperson of the Beijing organizing committee.
22．Gao Tingyu set a record for ________.
A．performing best in men’s ski jumping B．skating the fastest speed in men’s 500 meters
C．being the youngest skater at the Olympics D．designing the National Speed Skating Oval
23．Liquid carbon dioxide was put under the ice to ________.
A．keep the ice cold B．save water resources
C．make the ice harder D．change the temperature of the ice
24．The wind measuring system from the Chinese Academy of Sciences helps athletes ________.
A．change the direction of the wind B．change the speed of the wind
C．“see” wind through real-time data D．record their jumps in real time
25．What do we know from the words of Zhao Weidong?
A．China is expected to hold another Winter Olympics soon.
B．Other countries look at China with new eyes.
C．The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were the best ever.
D．The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were people-centered.
2021年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
三、阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分)
阅读下列短文或图表, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
I would never forget what I learned from the day when I left my junior high school. On the last day our teacher told us something educational that I would like to share with you.
He began by drawing a man standing in the middle of a circle. To make it more interesting, he drew things like a house, a school and a few friends inside the circle.
He asked, “Can anyone tell me what this is?” In a long silence, one student decided to express his idea, “The world?” The teacher said, “That's close. This is your Comfort Zone（舒适圈）. Inside your circle you have all the things that are important to you-your home, your family, your friends and your jobs. People feel that inside this circle they are safe from any danger.”
“Can anyone tell me what will happen when you step out of this circle?” A strong silence came over the room. The same student replied, “You are afraid.” Another student said. “You may make mistakes.” The silence continued and our teacher smiled and asked, “When you make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said. “You learn something.”
“Exactly, you are learning.” Our teacher turned to the blackboard and drew an arrow（箭头）pointing from the man to the outside of the circle. He went on saying, “When you leave your Comfort Zone, you put yourself out there. The result is that you learn something that you do not know to become a better person.” He drew a bigger circle around the original（原来的） circle, and added a few new things like more friends, a big house, etc.
A lesson from this story is that if you stay inside your Comfort Zone you will never be able to open your eyes to the outside world. When you step out of your Comfort Zone, you will make your circle bigger to challenge your mind and grow to be stronger, and all in all to be a better person.
11. The story happened on ________.
A. the first day of junior high school B. the last day of junior high school
C. the first day of senior high school D. the last day of senior high school
12. Which of the following is NOT included in the Comfort Zone that the teacher drew on the blackboard first?
A. Friends. B. House. C. Cars. D. School.
13. When people step out of the Comfort Zone, they will ________ at last.
A. learn something B. feel a little afraid
C. begin to make mistakes D. miss their family and friends
14. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. families always get in the way of people's growth
B. arrows help people make more friends
C. silence in the class means students can think more
D. stepping out of Comfort Zone can make people better
B
Bruce Vento High School
Back-to-school Celebration
February 28th, Friday 9:30 a. m.—11:30 a. m
BVHS is having a back-to-school celebration with sports, games, art programs and more. You don’t want to miss it! You don’t need to register（登记）for the event. Your school ID card is required to receive a free backpack.
Volunteers needed for the Back-to-school Celebration!
Click（点击）here to register to volunteer at our Back-to-school Celebration. We will need your help before, during and after the event. Please feel free to register for the area you feel best fits you. Both parents and students are welcome.
Volunteer Training
February 21st. 5:00 p. m.—8:00 p. m.
In the School Hall
If you have any questions about dates and times feel free to contact（联系）us during our office hours.
E-mail: info@familyvaluesforlife. org
Phone: 651-774-6663
Office hours: Monday-Friday. 9:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m.
15. Which activity requires the students to bring their school ID cards?
A. Making art B. Playing sports
C. Playing games D. Getting a backpack.
16. To volunteer at the Back-to-school Celebration, one has to ________.
A. get some training B. start work in early February
C. go to the School Hall for registration D. be a student of Bruce Vento High School
17. How many ways of contacting the school are provided?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
C
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter（脑灰质）. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learned a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference is.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible（灵活的）,” he said, “You are actually going beyond（超出） language and have a better understanding of different ideas."
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
18. If people learn other languages, what will be changed?
A. white matter B. grey matter C. exercise D. muscles
19. What does the underlined word “bilingual” probably mean in Chinese?
A. 双语学习者 B. 词汇学 C. 口语交际 D. 实用语法
20. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Leaning other languages can make you become smarter.
B. A second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.
C. Learning other languages can change grey matter which processes information.
D. Grey matter density in the brain was worse in bilinguals than that in people without a second language.
21. In the last two paragraphs, the writer wants to tell us that ________.
A. Italian is the best choice for you to learn as a second language
B. learning a second language is the same as studying math
C. early learning of a second language helps you a lot in studying other subjects
D. you’d better choose the ages between two and thirty-four to learn a second language
D
Dogs have an amazing talent for understand human social behavior, and they can take actions upon human orders, but what if they are given instructions not by real humans but by humanoid robots that behave like humans? Will dogs obey the robot's orders?
At the International Conference on Human Robot Interaction2020. Researchers at Yale University’s Social Robotics Lab tested how dogs responded to instructions from robots. A group of 34 dogs participated in the experiment, and each dog was tested with either a speaker or a human-like robot in a room. After a brief introduction to the testing environment, the robot or speaker called the dog's name, using the same voice. Then the robot or speaker would give a "sit" order, which was the real test.
Results of the experiments showed that the dogs paid more attention to the robot than the speaker. Dogs obeyed the "sit" order over 60% of the time when it came from the robot, but less than 20% of the time when it came from the speaker, even if they did look a bit confused about the whole thing at times.
While these results are certainly interesting, it's important to answer the question of whether dogs could respond to a social robot at all. The researchers were giving the dogs a great opportunity. For example, the dogs' owners were instructed to interact with the robot, talking to it and making eye contact, to help encourage the dogs to see the robot as friendly and make the anxiety less while also drawing attention to the robot. However, they haven' t discovered what factors (因素) might increase or decrease that likelihood.
"Since dogs are very sensitive to human social cues (暗示), the robot being humanoid or not may make a difference, lead researcher Meiying Qin said. "Yet, if a non-humanoid robot behaves like a dog or shows any social behaviors, dogs may also respond in a social manner."
"Now that we have evidence that dogs do respond to social robots, the next step is to figure out what we haven't discovered yet," added Meiying Qin. "Humanoid robot, which is one of the greatest invention in the 20th century, is the advanced representation of robot technique." Some people may question the value of making social robots for pets. Dogs aren't the only animals that robots interact with, of course the larger idea is that by studying how dogs behave toward social robots relative to humans, it can help us understand bow social robots affect our own behavior, too.
22. Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________.
A. how the test was performed B. what was found in the test
C. why the scientists did the test D. who took part in the test
23. The researcher later will probably focus on ________.
A. human orders given to dogs B. factor to affect dog’s response
C. robot technique to develop D. social robots designed for pets
24. We can learn from the experiment that ________.
A. dogs seldom obey the order from a humanoid robot
B. dogs pay less attention to a mechanical-looking robot
C. dogs can pay more attention to owners’ voice in the speaker
D. dogs can understand the social meanings from machines
25. The lead researcher Meiying Qin probably agrees that ________.
A. humanoid robots can influence humans’ behaviors
B. it is worthless to design advanced robots for animals
C. robots will take the place of humans to look after pets
D. humans don’t respond socially to non-humanoid robots
答案：
2023年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了Arad用海姆立克急救法救了一个被食物噎到的学生的故事。
11．细节理解题。根据“James Dawson, a sixth grader at an American middle school, was eating his lunch one day…He started to choke”可知，在中午吃午饭的时候噎到了，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“Arad said he’d learned how to do the Heimlich from a book several years before”可知，从一本书中学到的海姆立克急救法，故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据“What was more, 11-year-old Arad Arbasi knew exactly what to do. He saw James grasping his throat, and noted that the boy’s face had turned completely purple. So he ran behind James immediately and started doing the Heimlich maneuver”可知，Arad在危险时刻保持冷静，用多年以前在一本书上看到的海姆立克急救法救了被食物噎到的学生，所以Arad是一个聪明冷静的人，故选A。
14．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过讲述Arad用海姆立克急救法救了一个被食物噎到的学生的故事告诉我们学习急救的重要性，故选D。
15．D 16．A 17．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个简单而有趣的科学实验。
15．细节理解题。根据“Once the gas bubbles（气泡）reach the surface of the soda, they break and the gas is given off into the air. This makes the raisins lose buoyancy（浮力）and fall back down to the bottom of the glass.”可知，气泡破裂，气体释放到空中，使得葡萄干失去浮力，从而掉入杯底。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据“The image appears to be flipped（翻转）. Light travels the fastest through air, a little more slowly through water, and even more slowly through glass. That means that the light bends when it travels. And the light paths actually cross.”可知，光在玻璃中传播速度更慢，并会发生弯曲，因此把铅笔放在装有水的玻璃杯里会出现断裂现象，其原理和光的魔力的原理是一样的。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据“The water molecules（水分子）try to stick together and move away from the soap while carrying the pepper with them. So, the pepper moves quickly from the center of the plate to the edges.”可知，手摸到盘子中央的水时，辣椒会从盘子的中心迅速移动到边缘。故选C。
18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B
【导语】本文主要是让我们重视个人信息，并保护好它。
18．推理判断题。阅读第一段可知，本段是在讲述一个事实，那就是很多软件免费使用，这是因为我们使用时，我们的个人信息进行了交换，商业公司购买并推送广告，故选A。
19．推理判断题。由第二段“Companies called ‘data brokers’ collect your data—everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow—and sell them to other brokers and businesses”知，文章并没有告诉我们将来他们会发生什么事情，故选C。
20．词句猜测题。由前句“Many countries have made laws to protect personal information.”和句中“to collect personal data from kids under 13”知，此句是说美国的公司必须获得父母的许可才能收集13岁以下儿童的个人数据，“permission”的意思是“许可”，故选D。
21．主旨大意题。阅读本文可知，文章主要是让我们重视个人信息，保护好它，故选B。
22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，也通过例子告诉我们太空种植是有益的。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段的“the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高杆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters.”可知高杆水稻品种的幼苗已长到30厘米。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段的“While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature(成熟的) plant producing new seeds.”可知虽然在太空中还有其他水稻实验，但这是同类实验中第一次产生植物的完整生命周期——从种子开始，到成熟植物产生新种子结束。因此区别在于经理完整的生命周期。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth…. The seeds can then produce yields(产量) on Earth.”可知这样的粮食种植实验不仅适用于宇航员。他们还可以解决地球上的食物问题。然后，种子可以在地球上产生产量。因此是为了喂宇航员以及增加地球上的产量。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据最后的“30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are ‘space strawberries’, which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced ‘space tomatoes’ with yields increased by 30 percent, and ‘space bananas’ with a growth shortened from 13 months to 9 months.”可知北京销售的草莓中有30%是“太空草莓”，和鸡蛋一样大。该中心还生产了产量增加30%的“太空西红柿”，以及生长期从13个月缩短到9个月的“太空香蕉”。因此主要介绍了太空种植的植物对我们的好处。故选A。
2022年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
11．D
12．C
13．A
14．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍瑞典庆祝高中毕业的方式。
11．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍毕业典礼当天学生们穿戴什么，故选D。
12．词句猜测题。分析“Graduation takes place in summer and usually the sun is out, making having breakfast outdoors a joyful thing. It is the perfect way to start the day.”可知，毕业典礼在夏天举行，通常阳光明媚，在户外吃早餐是一件令人愉快的事情，这是开始一天的最佳方式。此处it指的是“在户外吃早餐”，故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“Families and friends also give them small gifts, such as a medal, a ring or a watch, which are usually kept for the rest of life.”可知，家人和朋友也会给他们一些小礼物，比如一块奖牌、一枚戒指或一块手表，这些礼物通常会保存一辈子。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据“People will cheer to express good wishes as the students drive past.”可知，当学生们开车经过时，人们会欢呼，表达良好的祝愿。故选C。
15．D
16．B
17．C
【导语】
本文是一篇广告，文章主要介绍了暑假可以去的三个地方，并详细介绍了相关的活动。
15．
细节理解题。根据“Available to disabled people.”可知，Schlitterbahn Waterpark允许残疾人去。故选D。
16．
细节理解题。根据“You can discover the fascinating sea life in Sea World San Antonio”可知，在Sea World San Antonio你可以发现一些神奇的海洋生物。故选B。
17．
主旨大意题。根据“In the coming summer holiday, we offer all kinds of interesting and exciting activities. You can call 1-800-987 -9852 to order or to ask for more information”可知，文章的目的就是为了引起读者对这些活动的兴趣。故选C。
18．B
19．A
20．A
21．D
【导语】
本文主要讲述了舞蹈诗剧《只此青绿》的灵感来源，讲述的内容以及它所传播的一种文化。
18．细节理解题。根据“The creators of the poetic dance drama got inspiration from a great ancient Chinese painting”可知，这个舞蹈诗剧的灵感来自于一幅中国画，故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据“He spent half a year finishing the painting when he was only 18”可知，这幅画耗时6个月完成，故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据“It is not to tell people how great the painting is, but to help people understand traditional Chinese culture”可知，帮助人们了解中国传统文化，故选A。
21．最佳标题题。根据“I hope our dance can be performed on more and bigger stages to show more people all over the world a beautiful China with a mix of old and new”可知，本文通过这个令人惊叹的舞蹈诗剧《只此青绿》，来向全世界人们展示一个新旧交融的美丽中国，所以D选项“舞蹈诗剧给古画带来了新的生命”符合本文标题，故选D。
22．B
23．A
24．C
25．D
【导语】
本文主要介绍了冬奥会使用的高科技元素。
22．
细节理解题。根据“The National Speed Skating Oval（国家速滑馆）（the Ice Ribbon）（冰丝带）saw 12 new Olympic records and one world record, including Chinese speed skater Gao Tingyu’s Olympic record of 34.32 seconds in the men’s 500 meters.”以及“Gao Tingyu said after he bagged the gold”可知，高亭宇在男子500米滑冰比赛中获得了金牌，所以速度是最快的。故选B。
23．
细节理解题。根据“ It cooled the ice and kept the temperature changes on the surface within just half of one degree.”可知，是为了保持冰的低温。故选A。
24．
细节理解题。根据“This system allows athletes and coaches to ‘see’ wind directly through real-time data（数据）on their pads, and decide when and where to jump”可知，这个系统可以帮助运动员准确地测量风。故选C。
25．
细节理解题。根据“All these helped keep China’s promise to hold an “athlete-centered” Olympics,”可知，2022年北京冬奥会以人为中心。故选D。
2021年山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模英语试题
11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在中学毕业前一天，老师给作者上了一节难忘的课：如果你呆在你的舒适区，你将永远无法开拓你对外面的世界视野。当你走出你的舒适区，你会让你的圈子更大，挑战你的思想，变得更强大，总而言之，成为一个更好的人。
11．细节理解题。根据文中第一段“I would never forget what I learned from the day when I left my junior high school. On the last day our teacher told us something educational that I would like to share with you.”可知当我要离开中学时，老师最后一天给我们讲了很有教育意义的课。可见，是初中的最后一天。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据文中第三段“This is your Comfort Zone. Inside your circle you have all the things that are important to you—your home, your family, your friends and your jobs. People feel that inside this circle they are safe from any danger.”舒适圈里是你的房子，你的家，你的朋友和职业。人们在舒适圈里觉得很安全。可知，学校也是舒适圈里的，所以不包括车。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据文中第四段“The silence continued and our teacher smiled and asked,“When you make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said, “You learn something.””可知在你犯错之后是学习。可见走出舒适圈是你在学习。故选A。
14．主旨大意题。根据文中第六段“When you step out of your Comfort Zone, you will make your circle bigger to challenge your mind and grow to be stronger, and all in all to be a better person.”可知当你走出舒适圈，你在调整自己变成更强大的人，总之是更好的人。可见文章的中心大意是走出舒适圈，成为更好的人。故选D。
15．D 16．A 17．B
【分析】本文是布鲁斯文托高中要举行返校庆典活动，招聘志愿者的广告。
15．细节理解题。根据“Back-to-school Celebration…Your school ID card is required to receive a free backpack.”可知，学生参加返校庆典活动需要带学生证，故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据“Volunteer Training”可知，要成为返校庆典的志愿者，你必须接受一些培训，故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据“E-mail: info@familyvaluesforlife. Org，Phone: 651-774-6663，Office hours: Monday-Friday. 9:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m”可知，学校提供了电子邮件和电话这两种联系方式，故选B。
18．B 19．A 20．D 21．C
【解析】短文大意：本文介绍了英国一所大学的一项新研究，发现学习第二语言时人的大脑灰质密度会发生更大的变化，对阅读、写作和理解都有很大帮助，所以，学习第二语言可以提高人的智力，早期学习第二语言也可以对你学习其他科目有帮助。
18．细节理解题。根据“Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter”可知，学习其他语言会改变大脑灰质，故选B。
19．词义猜测题。根据“They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learned a second language before the age of five”可知，与一组很早就学会了第二语言的进行了比较，这些人不但会英语，还会其他语言，所以可推断出bilinguals表示“双语学习者”，故选A。
20．推理判断题。根据“Scans showed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language”可知，双语者的大脑灰质密度比不懂第二语言的人要高，D表述错误，故选D。
21．主旨大意题。根据“The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better”及全段的内容，可知，作者通过最后两段想告诉我们，早期学习第二语言对你学习其他科目有很大帮助，故选C。
22．A 23．B 24．D 25．A
【分析】本文通过实验证明狗会听从类人机器人给予的指示，科学家认为通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。
22．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchers at Yale University’s Social Robotics Lab tested how dogs responded to instructions from robots. A group of 34 dogs participated in the experiment, …Then the robot or speaker would give a "sit" order, which was the real test.” 可知为了测试狗是如何回应机器人的指示的，研究人员用34只狗进行了实验，机器人或真人用同样的声音叫狗的名字。然后机器人或真人会给狗一个指令“坐”；以此看狗对指令的反应。由此可知本段主要介绍这个测试是如何进行的。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, they haven' t discovered what factors (因素) might increase or decrease that likelihood.” 然而，他们还没有发现哪些因素可能增加或减少这种可能性。由此推断研究人员稍后可能会关注那些影响狗的反应的因素。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段“Results of the experiments showed that the dogs paid more attention to the robot than the speaker.”可知实验结果表明，狗对机器人的专注程度高于真人。由此推断狗可以从机器人中理解社会意义。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“the larger idea is that by studying how dogs behave toward social robots relative to humans, it can help us understand bow social robots affect our own behavior, too.”可知更大的想法是，通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，它可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。故选A。
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