高中英语高考3 第三课时　主谓一致

这是一份高中英语高考3 第三课时　主谓一致，共7页。
第三课时　主谓一致


【典题试做】　
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are__removed(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
5．(全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable.

近几年高考对主谓一致的考查主要是语法一致和意义一致，就近一致相对来说考查较少，并且常常将主谓一致与动词的时态、语态结合起来进行综合考查。　

【典题试做】　
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well. include→includes
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)My dream school look like a big garden. look→looks

1．名词或代词作主语时主谓一致错误；
2．非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误；
3．倒装句的主谓一致错误；
4．“就近”与“就远”原则的错用。　

主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
(湖南卷)All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.　所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村庄时，受到了热烈的欢迎。
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
3．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
■名师点津
如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2020·湖北十二校联考)The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those people.　我在会议上经常提到的那位作家兼教授，在那些人中很受欢迎。
4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.　这是莫言所写的小说之一。
She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.
她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。
5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.　很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.　每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。

意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.
这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下来开一个重要的会。
■名师点津
形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain.　警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。
2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.　总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
4．a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.
大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
由于更多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
5．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.　收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。
6．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。

就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1．由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)．.., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons.　不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。
(湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
2．在there be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three books and a pen on the desk.
桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。

正确判断主谓一致
分析句子成分，找准句子主语，判断句子主语是单数还是复数。再根据主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则及就近一致原则判断谓语动词的单复数。
[例]　(福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, ____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
[分析]　was invited　as well as 连接并列主语时，谓语动词应和其前的主语保持人称和数的一致，故谓语动词应与The famous musician在数上保持一致，故用第三人称单数形式；且musician与invite之间为被动关系，再根据句中标志词at the opening ceremony...Expo可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was invited。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·陕西汉中3月联考)The brain benefits were__seen(see) among people who ate roughly one and a third cups of raw greens a day, or about a half­cup of cooked dark, leafy greens.
2．(2020·唐山一模)As we all know, eye contact is a natural part of most casual conversation, which is(be) not always so exciting but always important.
3．(2020·四川叙州一中月考)This land of high mountains and dense forests is(be) the cradle of Chinese revolution.
4．(2020·攀枝花统考)In fact, such programs that promote traditional ancient relics have__become(become) popular in recent years.
5．(2020·四川双流中学月考)The graduation ceremony takes place at the end of May or beginning of June, which usually includes(include) music, awards, and a guest speaker.
6．(2020·泰安二模) As the 5G era approaches(approach), one of the key concerns for telecom operators will be how they can use 5G networks to meet the needs of high­density areas.
7．(2020·烟台期末)Feeding birds is(be)good for everyone.Birders enjoy watching the birds, while the birds get enough food to survive in big cities.
8．(2020·济南二模)The difference is that most Chinese paper­cuts are red, while those in other countries are(be) often made in many other colors.
9．(2020·温州适应性测试)However, people who have done related researches believe that the full moon affects(affect) human behaviors to some degree.
10．John as well as the other children who have no parents is__being__taken(take) good care of in the village now.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·四川棠湖中学月考)Since the event aims to help more people learn about the traditional Chinese culture, the staff, all the students and their parents as well as anyone interested in it is welcome. is→are
2．(2020·广西八市调研)Here are my advice on how to make good preparations for your speech.are→is
3．(2020·拉萨中学月考)Now the city wants larger lorries that cause more pollution to use alcohol, which are produced from grain. are→is
4．Each student learn a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.learn→learns
5．He has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which are of great help. are→is
6．At present, not only Mary and I but also Jane are tired of having one exam after another.are→is
7．Last month, the family as well as their dog, was trapped on the roof by the flood. was→were
8．There are a dog and three ducks in the yard, in the middle of which are two tall trees with great shade.第一个are→is
9．What they need most is money while what we need most is textbooks. 第二个is→are
10．More than one doctor were involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. were→was

Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·河南名校联盟联考)Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday.The day after it has been known as Black Friday，1.which is the start of the holiday shopping season, and 2.has__been(be) the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.
Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday.They open their doors quite early in the morning and try to attract shoppers 3.with big discounts.Black Friday is a great time to go 4.shopping(shop)．However, there are problems.The 5.biggest(big) one is 6.that there are not enough low­priced items.These items are in great need, so people stand in long lines 7.to__get(get) them.They may wait three to four hours before a store opens.They may be hoping to get a TV or a computer at a low price, 8.but not everybody can get one.Some people leave, 9.disappointed(disappoint)．
The situation makes people worried.Some Black Friday events have been crazy.There have been fights over toys among shoppers.Some workers have even been hurt by large 10.crowds(crowd)．But most Black Friday events are safe and fun.Still, if you plan to go, you will expect a large number of people and a bit of pushing.
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2020·陕西汉中联考)Last Friday, our class was invited an old craftsman to teach us how to making dough figurines(面人)．When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box.First, he shows us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.We stood around him or watched attentively.Then we started to have a try itself.The old man walked around and helped us patient.Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.Looking on the figurines, we were all very exciting.We hope we can have more activity of this kind!
答案：
Last Friday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to dough figurines(面人)．When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box.First, he us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.We stood around him watched attentively.Then we started to have a try .The old man walked around and helped us .Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.Looking the figurines, we were all very .We hope we can have more of this kind!