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北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 9 Human BiologyLesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone?优秀ppt课件
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这是一份北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 9 Human BiologyLesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone?优秀ppt课件，文件包含UNIT9WRITINGWORKSHOPREADINGCLUB2课件PPTpptx、Unit9PeriodⅤWritingWorkshop–ReadingClub2同步练习含答案docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
TO CLONE OR NOT TO CLONE
What d yu knw abut clning?
Clning can create identical genes.Clning can be used t edit genes.Clning can make an exact cpy f an animal.Scientists have brken lts f technical barriers when studying clning.We’ve clned several species, like sheep, cattle and dgs.Scientists want t prduce animal mdels that are helpful fr medical research.
similar in every detail
t make changes t sth.
classes f plants r animals
What additinal infrmatin wuld yu like t knw?
When was the first clned animal created?Why are scientists s interested in clning?What achievements have we made in clning?What prblems are we facing nw?…
Read thrugh the article. Draw a structural map t shw hw the paragraphs are rganised.
Fllw these steps:1. Lcate the key wrds in each paragraph.2. Find ut the tpics in each paragraph.3. Wrk ut the lgic between the tpics.4. Shw it in yur map.
Paragraph 1
① Clning is the prcess f making an exact cpy f a plant r animal and develping it either naturally r artificially. ② Natural clning has been ging n fr generatins. ③ Fr example, gardeners have been using a frm f clning when they take a cutting frm a plant and place it in a suitable medium, such as sil. ④ Anther example f natural clning is identical twins, wh are prduced frm the same egg.
identical: exactly the same
Paragraph 1 Key Wrds
Paragraph 1: Tpics
natural clning
Structural Map
T clne r nt t clne
Try t wrk n Paragraph 2.
Fr years, there had been attempts t clne animals artificially. The first successfully clned animal was a sheep named Dlly in 1996. At first, Dlly grew nrmally, but later she develped an illness... After Dlly, scientists have clned mre than 20 mammal species, including... Hwever, they have fund a similar pattern f health prblems…
Paragraph 2: Key Wrds
Paragraph 2: Tpics
artificial clning: clned mammals
Read the rest 4 paragraphs.
Paragraph 3: Key Wrds
In January 2018, the clning f tw lng tailed mnkeys, Zhng Zhng and Hua Hua, was annunced by Chinese scientists. They were the first-ever primates… t have been clned! In cmparisn with ther species, clning primates has prved t be “much harder”… Dr. Sun Qiang, directr f the research team, said they had been whlly devted t the research… The reasn they wrked s hard t break this technical barrier was…
Paragraph 3: Tpics
artificial clning: clned primates
Paragraph 4: Key Wrds
The successful clning f primates has led t wrldwide praise as a huge breakthrugh that might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess. With this technlgy, we have the ptential t raise a large number f mnkeys with identical genes... This culd help save research time…
Paragraph 4: Tpics
the significance f clning f primates
Paragraph 5: Key Wrds
Clning, hwever, cntinues t be an issue that causes a great deal f disagreement and prvkes strng emtins. While sme peple believe it is crucial fr scientific advancement, thers raise mral cncerns. They believe it is bund t lead t... Fr example, they wnder if... Furthermre, clnes may... Finally, they wrry...
prvke: t cause
be bund t: be certain t
Paragraph 5: Tpics
mral cncerns
Paragraph 6: Key Wrds
S far, it is still unknwn what will happen t Zhng Zhng and Hua Hua as they grw up. Researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced. As Einstein said, “Science is a pwerful instrument...”
Paragraph 6: Tpics
Find ut the tpics in each paragraph.
Wrk ut the lgic between the tpics.
Shw it in yur map.
Read fr details
1. What was the first clned mammal? What happened t her?2. Hw was the science f clning mammals develped since the first clned mammal?3. What develpment in clning was annunced in 2018? What was special abut it?4. Fr hw lng did Dr. Sun Qiang’s team wrk? Why did they wrk s hard?5. Why was it significant t clne primates?
paragraph 2
paragraph 3
paragraph 4
Natural clning has taken place fr generatins. An example f this is identical 1_____. A sheep called Dlly was the first mammal t be clned 2__________. Since Dlly, mre than 20 mammal 3_______ have been clned including camels and gats. In 2018, China annunced that tw mnkeys had been clned. In cmparisn with ther species, scientists have had t wrk hard t break the technical 4_______ t get primates with 5_______ genes.
artificially
Cmplete the summary using the infrmatin in the article.
Scientists say that this majr breakthrugh ffers the 6________ t create mnkeys with 7__________ genes t give mre 8________ research results and perhaps lead t 9_____ fr varius diseases. Whilst (While) scientists insist it is 10______ t cntinue research, thers raise 11_____ cncerns and wrry that the technlgy might be 12______ by sme rganizatins.
G ver the article again and answer the fllwing questins.
1. Why d researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced?2. What is the writer’s attitude twards clning? Find evidence.
1. Why d researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced?
Para. 3: t get animals with edited genes and prduce animal mdels that are helpful fr medical research and human health.Para. 4: a huge breakthrugh that might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess… change their genes t suit research needs… save research time… prduce mre accurate results… mre effective treatments.
Researchers insist n explring clning t cntinue making prgress in curing diseases and develping treatments.
2. What is the writer’s attitude twards clning? Find evidence.
The writer feels that clning can be a helpful tl in medical research but that it can als becme dangerus. Evidence f this is in the writer’s use f Einstein’s qute.
“Science is a pwerful instrument. Hw it is used, whether it is a blessing r a curse t mankind, depends n mankind and nt n the instrument. A knife is useful, but it can als kill.”
Evidence can be fund in the rest part f the article.
After reading this article, d yu think clning is a gd idea? Use what yu have learnt t try t persuade smene t accept yur pint f view.
It’s a gd idea: the ptential f clning scientists’ devtin Einstein’s qute
It’s a bad idea: clnes’ health prblems mral cncerns Einstein’s qute
Clning is a gd idea. Clning might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess. Besides, clning can change animals’ genes t suit research needs s as t save research time, prduce mre accurate results and lead t mre effective treatments. At the same time, it als reduces the number f animals required fr testing. S it benefits nt nly mankind but als animals in a way. Accrding t Einstein, science is just a tl. S, we shuld regulate the way we use tls instead f giving them up.
Clning is a bad idea. Clnes always develp a similar pattern f health prblems and die at an early age, which is an unslved prblem. Besides, clning raises mral cncerns. Sme believe it is bund t lead t clning f ther species. The identity f clnes is als questined. Are they bjects r individuals with identity? Will the technlgy be abused by sme rganizatins? Accrding t Einstein, used in a wrng way, useful tls can als kill. S, we shuld stp clning s as t avid the ptential prblems.
Accrding t Einstein, …
Accrding t Einstein, science is just a tl. S, we shuld regulate the way we use tls instead f giving them up.
Accrding t Einstein, used in a wrng way, useful tls can als kill. S, we shuld stp clning s as t avid the ptential prblems.
Different interpretatins f the same qutatin.
1. Plish up yur writing.2. Finish the wrkbk.
Language pints
教材原句p.52 it’s nrmal t have high expectatins when a lm f a favurite bk is made. ……如果人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影，他们对电影的期待高，这很正常。
1 expectatin n. 期待，预期，预料in（the）expectatin f 期待，期望abve/belw expectatins 高于/ 低于预期搭配beynd（ne’s）expectatins 出乎意料（好于预期） against/cntrary t expectatins 出乎意料（与预期相反） cme/live up t（ne’s）expectatins 达到预期He ffered t undertake the task in the expectatin f btaining his bss’s appreciatin.他主动承担这项任务，希望得到老板的赏识。［词汇复现］ We did s well —beynd all ur expectatins. 我们做得非常好——超过了我们所有人的预期。Against all expectatins，he accumulated s much wealth in such a shrt time. 完全没想到，他在这么短的时间内积累了如此多的财富。The hliday lived up t all ur expectatins. 假期过得一点儿也没有让我们失望。
Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案） 1. It can be inferred frm the passage that a clned animal . A. usually lives as lng as the riginal ne B. usually lives lnger than the riginal ne C. usually dies earlier than the riginal ne D. is usually as healthy as the riginal ne 2. Why did Chinese scientists wrk s hard t break this technical barrier t clne Zhng Zhng and Hua Hua? A. They thught it helpful fr medical research and human health. B. They wanted t earn much mney and fame as well. C. They culd be the first t have clned primates species. D. They wanted t surpass the ther scientists.
3. Which f the fllwing is nt an advantage f clning? A. Clning can be used fr medical purpses. B. Large quantities f fd can be prduced by clning. C. Clning can help keep animals frm becming extinct. D. Famus persns wh have passed away can be clned. 4. We can use the skill f clning t . A. bring abut glbal peace B. create ther famus scientists C. cure sme special diseases D. clne a mre perfect self t the wrld
Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文） Clning is the prcess f making an exact cpy f a plant r animal and 1______________（develp）it either naturally r artificially. Natural clning has been ging n fr generatins. Fr years，there had been attempts t clne animals artificially. The first 2 ______________ （successful）clned animal was a sheep 3 （name）Dlly in 1996. After Dlly，scientists have clned mre than 20 mammal species. In January 2018，the clning f tw mnkeys，the first-ever primates 4 ______________ （annunce）by Chinese scientists. With this technlgy，we have the ptential 5 （raise）a large number f mnkeys and can even change their genes t suit research needs. Clning， hwever，cntinues t be 6_______ issue that causes a great deal f disagreement and 7 （prvke） strng emtins. Sme peple raise mral cncerns. Furthermre，clnes may als suffer 8 feelings that they are merely a cpy f anther individual. Finally， sme peple wrry that sme 9 ______________（rganisatin） may abuse the technlgy fr unethical purpses. S far，it is still unknwn 10 will happen t the clned mnkeys as they grw up. Researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced.
develping
successfully
was annunced
rganisatins
教材原句p.52 Clning is the prcess f making an exact cpy f a plant r animal and develping it either naturally r artificially. 克隆是通过自然或人为的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。1 artificially adv. 人为地；虚假地 Why des the scientist need an artificially intelligent cmputer as an assistant? 为什么这位科学家需要人工智能电脑当助手呢？［词汇复现］ Therefre learning ccurs wherever evlutin is，even if artificially. 因此，凡有进化，哪怕是人工进化的地方就会有学习。【词语积累】 artificial adj. 人工的；假的 artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］They were taking advantage f an （artificial）lw cst f capital. （2） They have kept the price f sugar （artificial）high and s fattened the cmpany’s prfits. 完成句子（3）［词汇复现］It was the first cmmercially available machine t emply ________________________（人工智能）.
artificially
artificial intelligence
教材原句p.52 Anther example f natural clning is identical twins... 自然克隆的另一个例子是同卵双胞胎…… 2 identical adj. 完全相同的，非常相似的 搭配be identical t/with 与……完全相同be identical in 在……方面极其相似a rw f identical huses 完全一样的一排房子 Her dress is almst identical t mine. 她的连衣裙和我的几乎一模一样。 The sisters were identical in appearance and character. 这对姐妹在相貌和性格上极其相似。【词语积累】 identity n. 特性；身份 identify vt. 确认；认出；发现Scientists have identified a link between diet and cancer. 科学家已经发现了饮食与癌症之间的关联。
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］Tm must have taken yur dictinary by mistake. Yur dictinary is identical ___ his. （2） The tw cmputers were identical design. （3） The number n the card shuld be （identity）with the ne n the chequebk. （4） The thief used a false （identify） s that he culdn’t be discvered. （5） The child may be （identify）by his clthing.
identical
identified
原句p.52 In cmparisn with ther species，clning primates has prved t be“much harder”... 与其他的物种相比，克隆灵长类动物被证明要“困难得多”…… 3 cmparisn n. 比较搭配：by/in cmparisn with 与……相比In cmparisn with the Americans，Chinese are mre sensitive abut their faces. 与美国人相比，中国人对他们的脸面更加敏感。By cmparisn with ther clleagues，he has greater capability t deal with such prblems. 与其他同事相比，他处理这类问题的能力更强。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 cmpare v. 比较，对比
把……与……对比 把……与……对比，把……比作…… cmpared with/t 与……相比cmpare ntes（with sb）（与某人）交换意见beynd/withut cmpare 无与伦比Bks can be cmpared t friends. 书可被比作朋友。 Cmpared with/t ur small flat，Bill’s huse seems like a palace. 与我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像一座宫殿。Accrding t my mther，the mvie directed and starred by him is beynd cmpare. 据我妈妈所说，他导演并主演的电影是无与伦比的。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1） When we cmpare ur films freign nes，we find many differences. （2） Recently a survey （cmpare） prices f the same gds in tw different supermarkets has caused a heated debate amng citizens. （3） Film has a much shrter histry，especially when （cmpare）t such art frms as music and painting. （4） The yung persns are ften cmpared the rising sun in the mrning. （5）［词汇复现］In （cmpare）with the previus study，the new study expanded research subjects. （6）［词汇复现］I lve watching films abut rmance and I think they are cmpare.
教材原句p.52 Dr. Sun Qiang，directr f the research team， said they had been whlly devted t the research... 研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地投入到研究中…… 4 be devted t 专心于/ 致力于……的；献身……的；挚爱……的They are devted t their children. 他们深爱着自己的孩子。 The specialist has been devted t helping the farmers t raise crp prductin these years. 这些年来，这位专家一直致力于帮助农民提高农作物产量。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 devte neself t 献身于，致力于devte ne’s life/time/energy/attentin t... 把某人的生命/ 时间/ 精力/ 注意力奉献于…… Qian Xuesen devted himself entirely t science. 钱学森把一生都献给了科学事业。He devted mst f his time t his painting.他把大部分时间用于绘画。 【误区警示】 和 be devted t 中的 t 均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空 （1）［词汇复现］As we all knw，he is a generus， （devte），reliable and warm-hearted friend. （2）［词汇复现］Mr Reed made up his mind t devte all he had t （set）up sme schls fr pr children. （3） Fans will shw their （devte） by waiting fr hurs t get tickets fr their favurite singer’s cncert. （4）We devted a lt f time t （persuade）the stubbrn ld man t change his mind. 完成句子（5） Yu will never achieve success unless yu _____________________________________（致力于）yur wrk. （6）［词汇复现］He was determined t ________________________________（将自己的余生献给）flk music.
persuading
devte yurself t/are devted t
devte the rest f his life t
教材原句p.52 There had been a number f failures... 历经多次失败…… 5 a number f 若干，一些；许多He held a number f patents fr his many innvatins. 他为他的许多革新申请了几项专利。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】 a（great）number f（许多，大量的）+ 可数名词复数+ 复数谓语the number f（……的数量）+ 可数名词复数+ 单数谓语A number f participants have participated in the activity and the number f them has been calculated t ver 500. 许多人参加了这次活动，据计算，人数已超过500。［词汇复现］
【归纳拓展】 以下短语接名词作主语时应注意谓语动词的单复数变化： a large amunt f + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语 large amunts f + 不可数名词+ 复数谓语 a（large）quantity f + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语 （ large）quantities f + 不可数名词/ 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］During the last three decades，the number f peple participating in physical fitness prgrammes （increase） sharply. （2） A large number f peple （be） fluent English speakers，and the number f peple learning English （be） increasing rapidly. 选词填空（a number f/the number f） （3）［词汇复现］He has edited articles this mrning. （4）［词汇复现］ the passengers abard killed in the accident cmes t 12.
has increased
a number f
The number f
教材原句p.53 This culd help save research time，reduce the number f animals required fr testing，prduce mre accurate results，and lead t mre eective treatments. 这有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。6 accurate adj. 准确的，精确的搭配be accurate in 在……方面准确t be accurate 精确地说Bradcast news was accurate and reliable but deadly dull. 新闻广播准确、可靠，但极其枯燥。［词汇复现］ Jurnalists are nt always accurate in what they write. 新闻工作者的报道并非总是准确的。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 accurately adv. 精确地，准确地 accuracy n. 精确度，准确性
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］It will be many years befre anyne can predict a hurricane’s behaviur with much （accurate）. （2）［词汇复现］The test can （accurate） predict what a bigger explsin wuld d. （3）［词汇复现］The jurnalist’s reprt f the event was accurate every detail. 完成句子（4）［词汇复现］ （精确地说），the number f the participants is
accurately
T be accurate
7 treatment n. 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式搭配：under treatment 在治疗中At last he had n ptin but t g t hspital fr treatment. 最后他别无选择，只能去医院治疗。［词汇复现］ This watch is nt designed fr rugh treatment. 这块手表不可重拿重放。【词语积累】 treat vt. 治疗；对待；处理；视为；请客 n. 请客；款待treat sb fr 治疗某人的……病treat sb t 请某人…… It’s my treat. 我请客。 The physician is treating him fr his back injury. 医生正在治疗他背部的伤。［词汇复现］ After he was devted t his research fr nearly three weeks，the prfessr treated himself t a film. 在花了近三个星期的时间进行研究之后， 这位教授请自己看了一场电影。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1） Thse wh gt injured in the accident are nw treatment in a lcal hspital. （2）［词汇复现］With gd （treat）and care，Prfessr Smith unbelievably recvered frm a heart attack within a week. （3）［词汇复现］He guaranteed that he wuld treat us a big dinner if we finished the wrk n time. 完成句子（4） When I visited them last year，they ___________________________________（请我吃了一顿大餐）. （5） His parents have cllected many different drugs t _________________________________（治疗他的肺癌）. （6） Tday yu dn’t need t pay fr the meal. （我请客）.
treatment
treated me t a big dinner
treat him fr his lung cancer
It’s my treat
教材原句p.53 Clning，hwever，cntinues t be an issue that causes a great deal f disagreement and prvkes strng emtins. 但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起强烈反对情绪的问题。8 emtin n. 强烈的情感；激情Basing an imprtant decisin mre n emtin than n reasn，yu will regret it sner r later. 如果你做一个重要的决定时更多的是基于情感而不是理性，你迟早会后悔的。We ften have little cntrl ver when we are swept by emtin. 当情绪席卷而来的时候，我们往往无法控制自己。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 emtinal adj. 情绪的，情感的；有感染力的；情绪激动的emtinally adv. 感情上；情绪上；令人激动地；情绪冲动地
单句语法填空（1） They have suffered physically and （emtin）. （2） Men g thrugh a change f life （emtin）just like wmen. （3） He tends t get （emtin）n these ccasins. 完成句子（4） The decisin was based n _______________________________（情感而不是深思熟虑）.
emtin rather than careful thught
教材原句p.53 While sme peple believe it is crucial fr scientic advancement... 尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要…… 9 crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的搭配be crucial t/fr... 对……至关重要be crucial that... ……是至关重要的 Talent，diligence and whle devtin are all crucial t career success. 才能、勤奋和全身心投入对于事业的成功都是至关重要的。［词汇复现］ It is crucial that we get this right. 我们把这个问题弄正确是至关重要的。She brke in n the cnversatin at a crucial mment. 她在关键时刻打断了谈话。Yung peple play a crucial rle in wrking fr peace. 年轻人在争取和平的事业中发挥着至关重要的作用。【词语积累】 crucially adv. 关键地；至关重要地
单句语法填空（1）Winning this cntract is crucial the success f the cmpany. （2）［词汇复现］It was the schlar wh helped me ut the crucial mment. （3） Chewing prperly is （crucial） imprtant. 完成句子（4） Parents （起着至关重要的作用）in preparing their child fr schl. （5） He wasn’t there （紧要关头）.
play a crucial rle
at the crucial mment
教材原句p.53 They believe it is bund t lead t clning f ther species... 他们认为这项技术必将导致其他物种的 克隆…… 10 bund adj. 很有可能，肯定会搭配be bund t d 一定会，必定会，很可能会；有义务做，有责任做be bund fr 前往……的If yu keep n wrking hard like this，chances are bund t favur yu. 如果你继续这么努力工作的话，机会一定会垂青你的。I am bund t say yur absence frm the meeting is unwise. 我必须告诉你，你缺席会议是不明智的。We’d better take a plane bund fr China. 我们最好乘坐飞往中国的飞机。
完成句子（1）［词汇复现］The rules are nt suitable fr the develpment f sciety. They _______________________（一定会被废除）sme day. （2） He is s ambitius that I believe he （一定会成功）. 单句语法填空（3） Yu have dne an excellent jb and are bund ________________（admit）int the cmpany. （4） The train bund New Yrk is piled with gds.
are bund t be ablished
is bund t succeed
t be admitted
教材原句p.53 Furthermre，clnes may be viewed as mere cpies f riginals thus being seen as inferir. 而且，克隆体可能仅被看作母体的副本，因此被认为更低等。11 mere adj. 仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的It tk her a mere 20 minutes t win the cmpetitin. 她只花了20 分钟就赢了这场比赛。The mere thught f eating made him feel sick. 他一想到吃东西就觉得恶心。【词语积累】 merely adv. 仅仅，只不过；只是
单句语法填空（1） D yu really want t g r are yu （mere）shwing yu are plite? 完成句子（2） But the cntainer itself is （仅仅是一个容器）. （3） Fr them these are nt （纯粹的字母或单词）.
a mere cntainer
mere letters r mere wrds
教材原句p.53 Finally，they wrry that sme rganisatins may abuse the technlgy fr unethical purpses. 最后，他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的滥用该技术。12 abuse vt. & n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂gvernment fficials’ abuse f pwer 政府官员的滥用职权 alchl/drug abuse 酗酒 / 吸毒 Much f the crime in this area is related t drug abuse. 这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。［词汇复现］ He abused his pwer t help his family and was put int prisn eventually. 他滥用职权帮助自己的家人，最终被关进了监狱。He was accused f abusing his wife last week. 上周他被指控虐待他的妻子。［词汇复现］
完成句子（1） His plitical reputatin was ruined by his （滥用职权）. （2）［词汇复现］T ur srrw，it was （酗酒）that ruined his fitness and life. （3）Williams （滥用职务）as mayr t give jbs t his friends. （4）［词汇复现］If yu （吸毒）， yu are bund t end up in prisn.
abuse f pwer
alchl abuse
abused his psitin
abuse drugs
教材原句p.53 it is a blessing r a curse t mankind， depends n mankind... ……究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己…… 13 blessing n. 祝福；福气，幸运；赞同；许可pray fr blessing 祈求降福 The gvernment gave its blessing t the new plans. 政府已批准这些新计划。Lack f traffic is ne f the blessings f cuntry life. 往来车辆少是乡村生活的一大好处。［词汇复现］ Great intelligence can be a curse as well as a blessing. 大智是福亦是祸。［词汇复现］ This activity has been a great blessing t ur family. 这个活动一直是给我们家人的伟大祝福。
单句语法填空（1） Rivers are blessing fr an agricultural cuntry. 完成句子（2） He went with （他父母的同意）. （3）［词汇复现］ （幸好）I grabbed the by by the arm. Otherwise， he wuld have been drwned in the river. （4） Instead f advice，in ther wrds，what mst peple seek is ______________（你的祝福）.
his parents’ blessing
It’s a blessing that
yur blessing
14 depend n （1）取决于，由……决定Whether yu can dispse f these gds will depend n the price. 你能否处理掉这些货物将取决于价格。（2）依靠，依赖depend n sb fr sth 依靠某人获得某物 搭配depend n sb t d sth指望/ 依靠某人做某事depend n sb ding sth 指望/ 依靠某人做某事 Yu can depend n him t help yu ut f the situatin，fr he is reliable. 你可以依靠他来帮助你摆脱困境，因为他是值得信赖的。［词汇复现］
【误区警示】 （ 1）上面所有的 depend 都可以用 rely 替代。 （ 2）depend n 后不能直接跟 that 引导的宾语从句，须先接形式宾 语 it，再接 that 从句。能这样用的短语还有 see t，answer fr，rely n，insist n，stick t 等。Yu may depend n it that Tm will assist yu with yur English. 你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 That depends./It（all）depends. 表示“那得看情况”。—Is he cming? 他会来吗？ —That depends. He may have a meeting t attend. 那得看情况。他可能有个会议要参加。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］Dn’t always depend the gvernment fr the preservatin f the rare species，which is als ur duty. （2） The yung birds depend n their parents fd fr several weeks. （3） Yu may depend n _______that they will always supprt yu. 完成句子（4） —Are yu ging t Emma’s party? — （那得看情况）. We might be ging away that weekend. （5）［2019·山东泰安一中高二期中］When cming acrss new wrds，instead f always __________________________________（依赖）the dictinary，use yur head first. （6）［词汇复现］Yu can’t ____________________________（指望着）he will fllw in yur ftsteps. He isn’t interested in what yu are ding.
That/It depends
depending/relying n
depend/rely n it that
教材原句p.52 They were the first-ever have been clned! 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物……！ 【句式分析】不定式短语 t have been clned 作后置定语，修饰 the first-ever primates，名词与不定式之间是被动关系，动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态前，用不定式完成被动式。1 动词不定式作定语 当被修饰词前有序数词（first，secnd 等）、最高级或 the next，the nly，the very 等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。The jurnalist was the first persn t get t the scene where the accident happened. 那位记者是第一个到达事故现场的人。［词汇复现］ He is the nly ne t get a bachelr’s degree in his family. 他是家中唯一取得学士学位的人。［词汇复现］ She was the first wman t be appinted t the bard. 她是第一位被任命进入董事会的女性。
完成句子 （1） ______________________（最后一个到的人）pays fr the meal. （2）［词汇复现］Vlunteering gives yu a chance （改变生活）， including yur wn. 单句语法填空（3）［词汇复现］He is the last applicant （submit）his applicatin frm. （4）［词汇复现］He deserves the achievement fr he is always the first （get）t the ffice and the last （leave）.
The last ne t arrive
t change lives
教材原句p.53 Researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced. 研究人员主张，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。【句式分析】本句是一个复合句，insist后接了that引导的宾语从句。 2 insist 后的宾语从句（ 1）insist 后接 that 从句，表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语 气，即从句谓语用“shuld + 动词原形”，shuld 可以省略。（2）insist 表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。Our English teacher insists that we shuld speak English in and ut f class. 英语老师坚持要我们在课堂内外都讲英语。The schlar insisted that this graduatin paper was partly based n ne in a magazine and that the student（shuld）write it a secnd time. 这位学者坚持认为，这篇毕业论文部分是基于一本杂志上的一篇文章，坚决要求该学生应该再写一遍。［词汇复现］
【归纳拓展】 后跟名词性从句，从句谓语用“（shuld +）动词原形”的动词： 一个“坚持”（insist）； 两道“命令”（rder，cmmand）； 四条“建议”（suggest，prpse，advise，recmmend）； 四点“要求”（demand，desire，request，require）。It is recmmended that we shuld be retrained t keep up with the times. 有人建议我们应该接受再次培训，以跟上时代的步伐。［词汇复现］ It is required that students（shuld）d sme exercise fr at least an hur every day. 要求学生们每天至少锻炼一个小时。
完成句子（1） She was stubbrn and insisted that the wrk _________________（完成）ahead f schedule. （2） The dctr requested that yu （不要吃任何东西）within half an hur after ding sme sprts. 单句语法填空（3） He insisted that he （d）nthing wrng and _________________ （set）free. （4）［词汇复现］The captain demanded that all the seamen ______________（prepare）fr sail. （5） He advised that his grandma _________________ （make）gd use f her spare time. （6）［词汇复现］It is required that all the crps ________________________ （harvest）befre daybreak.
（shuld）be finished
（shuld）nt eat anything
（shuld）be set
（shuld）prepare
（shuld）make
(shuld） be harvested
教材原句p.53 Hw it is used，whether it is a blessing r a curse t mankind，depends n mankind and nt n the instrument. 怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。【句式分析】本句是一个复合句。hw it is used，whether it is a blessing r a curse t mankind 均为主语从句。3 不管……还是…… Whether yu are a farmer r a specialist，yu bth shuld bey the rules. 无论你是农民还是专家，你都应该遵守规则。［词汇复现］ Whether they’ll have a picnic r nt depends n the weather. 他们是否去野餐要看天气。
【学法点拨】 （1）“不管……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，强调任意选择，此时不能把whether 替换为if。（2） nt... 或whether r nt... 表示两种相对的选择。Let me knw whether r nt yu can cme. 让我知道你是否能来。Whether the prfessr will cme r nt is nt decided. 教授是否来，还没定下来。
完成句子 （1） 无论你走还是留在这里，我必须回家。 yu g stay here，I must g hme. （2） 不管在这儿还是在上海，我肯定我们很快又会见面。I am sure we’ll see each ther again sn， here in Shanghai. （3）［词汇复现］无论你是贫穷还是富有，你都必须为成功而奋斗。 ，yu have t struggle fr success. （4）［词汇复现］不管你挣钱多还是少，对我没有 影响。It makes n difference t me________________________________. （5） 无论你是否喜欢它，我都不会改变主意。 ， I will nt change my mind.
Whether yu are pr r rich
whether yu earn mre r less
Whether yu like it r n
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE： The Perfect
Fcus n LanguageThe Perfect 完成时
present perfect 现在完成时present perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行时past perfect 过去完成时past perfect cntinuus 过去完成进行时
Identify the tense f the sentences. P55 Ex. 11The frms (形式)：present perfect 现在完成时have / has dnepresent perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行时have / has been dingpast perfect 过去完成时had dnepast perfect cntinuus 过去完成进行时had been ding
1. Natural clning has been ging n fr generatins.2. Gardeners have been using a frm f clning when they take a cutting frm a plant…3. Fr years, there had been attempts t clne animals.4. Clning primates has been prved t be “much harder” than clning ther species.5. Dr. Sun Qiang said they had been whlly devted t the research…6. Dr. Sun Qiang said they had been taking care f mre than 1,000 mnkeys 24 hurs a day, 7 days a week…
(P55 Ex. 11)
1. Natural clning has been ging n fr generatins. present perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行时 2. Gardeners have been using a frm f clning when they take a cutting frm a plant… present perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行时3. Fr years, there had been attempts t clne animals. past perfect 过去完成时
4. Clning primates has been prved t be “much harder” than clning ther species. present perfect passive vice 现在完成时 被动语态5. Dr. Sun Qiang said they had been whlly devted t the research… past perfect passive vice 过去完成时 被动语态6. Dr. Sun Qiang said they had been taking care f mre than 1,000 mnkeys 24 hurs a day, 7 days a week. past perfect cntinuus 过去完成进行时
The meanings (意义)：present perfect 现在完成时present perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行past perfect 过去完成时past perfect cntinuus 过去完成进行时
现在完成时 present perfect tense
1. I ___________ (learn) English fr ver 10 years. 2. Tm __________ (nt be) hme since he was a by. 3. Recently she __________ (arrive) frm New Yrk.4. ______ they ______ (find) the missing child yet?
hasn’t been
have learned
has arrived
already, yet, never, ever, s far
过去完成时 past perfect tense
1. We cleared up as sn as ur guests _______ (leave).2. The by lved the z. They ____ never _____ (see) wild animals befre.3. I began cllecting stamps in February and by Nvember I ____________ (cllect) mre than 2,000.
had cllected
never, already, yet
现在完成时、过去完成时
1. Juliet was excited because she ____ never _____ (be) t a dance befre.2. He _____________ (nt finish) by yesterday evening.3. I ___________ (plant) 14 rses s far this mrning.4. I _____ already ______ (pass) my driving test.
hadn’t finished
have planted
现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时
1. She is very tired. She ______________ (type) letters all day.2. She was very tired. She ______________ (type) letters all day.3. Jim _______________ (phne) Jenny every night fr the last week.4. Jenny was annyed. Jim _______________ (phne) her every night fr a whle week.
has been typing
had been phning
has been phning
had been typing
Grup 11. My hands are very dirty. I have been repairing the car.2. The car is OK again nw. I have repaired it.
Identify the tenses and wrk ut the meanings.
Grup 21. She has been smking t much recently. She shuld smke less.2. Smebdy has smked all my cigarettes. The packet is empty.
Identify the tenses and match the sentences with the pictures.
1. When I gt hme, I fund that Kevin had been painting his huse.2. When I gt hme, I fund that Kevin had painted his huse.
1. Daisy had been writing letters all day yesterday.2. Daisy had written 18 letters by 7 p.m. yesterday.
完成进行时：动作、持续/重复
1. I’m tired. We ________________ (walk) fr mre than an hur. Let’s stp and rest fr a while.2. A: Is the pst ffice far frm here? B: Nt at all. I ______________ (walk) there many times.3. We culdn’t pen the dr because it ________________ (snw) heavily all night.4. She lked shcked and she said she __________ (see) a UFO.
have been walking
have walked
had been snwing
Fill in the blanks with the prper frm f the wrds in brackets.
5. Jhn decided t cmplain as his neighburs ______________ (have) parties every day fr tw weeks. It was unbearably nisy.6. Jill lked great—she _________ (lse) a few punds and _________ (put n) a smart evening dress.7. I ____________ (read) this chapter in my chemistry text three times, but I still dn’t understand it!8. I ________________________ (live) here fr nly a shrt while. S I dn’t knw this place very well.
have been living/have lived
had been having
Cmplete the passage with the prper frm f the wrds in brackets. (Page 55 Ex. 12)
On Thursday, the Institute f Neurscience annunced it 1)___________ (clne) tw mnkeys using nn-reprductive cells. It is reprted that researchers all arund the wrld 2)___________________ (cnduct) tests n animals such as mice and dgs fr many years, but culdn’t find a way t clne mnkeys. The news f the successful clning 3)___________ (attract) attentin frm arund the wrld. Hwever, clning primates 4)______________ (als raise) ethical cncerns. Fr example, sme peple 5)______ ______________(discuss) issues cncerning hw clnes will be treated in sciety.
have been cnducting
has attracted
has als raised
been discussing
HmewrkP68 Ex. 1P88 Ex. 1P89 Ex. 4
完成时1 现在完成时 由“have/has + 过去分词”构成，基本用法如下： （ 1）表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时 间，但现在已经完成，且其结果对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有：lately 近来；recently 最近；s far 到目前为止；by nw 到现在； up t/till nw 直到现在；in the last/past few days/years 在过去的几天/ 几年里Prgress has been s far very gd and we are sure that the wrk will be finished n time. 到目前为止，工作进展得很顺利，我们确信工作一定会按时完成。The jurnalist has written 50 reprts in the past tw years. 这位记者在过去两年里写了50 篇报道。［词汇复现］
（ 2）表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还会继续 进行下去，常用的时间状语有： since + 时间点；fr + 时间段His first nvel has received gd reviews since it came ut last mnth. 他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了好评。The librarian has wrked in this library fr nearly twenty years. 这位图书管理员在这个图书馆工作了将近二十年。［词汇复现］ （ 3）瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示一 段时间的状语连用。在否定句中，瞬间动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的瞬间动词有：g，cme，arrive，leave，begin， brrw，buy，die，fall，stp，start，kill，clse，graduate，jin，finish， lse 等。若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换，如：
buy → have 买 brrw→ keep 借finish → be ver 结束 leave→ be away 离开clse → be clsed 关闭 pen→ be pen 打开cme/g/becme → be 来/ 去/ 变得；成为 die → be dead 死fall asleep → be asleep 睡觉 fall ill → be ill 生病put n → have/wear 穿 marry→ be married 结婚jin the army → be a sldier/be in the army 参军“他已经参军三年了”可以用以下方式表达： He jined the army three years ag. It is/has been three years since he jined the army. He has been a sldier fr three years. He has been in the army fr three years.
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］S far，the disabled by （accept）three peratins in rder t live a nrmal life. （2）［词汇复现］Up t nw，the emplyer （hire）mre than ten excellent graduates t wrk fr him. （3） Dn’t get ff the bus until it （stp）. （4） In the last few years thusands f films _______________________（prduce）all ver the wrld. （5）［词汇复现］It is abut five years since the saleswman （wrk）in this factry. （6）［词汇复现］He （d）a lt f things fr the elderly in his city since his retirement.
has accepted
has hired
has stpped
have been prduced
完成句子（7） This is （我第一次来这里）. （8） Such a thing has （闻所未闻）befre. （9） （很多年过去了）since we met last time. （10） — Mary，I miss yu s much. Where have yu been? — I （去一所学校）in a muntain area fr tw years.
the first time that I have cme here
never been heard f
A cuple f years have passed
have been t a schl
2 过去完成时过去完成时由“had+ 过去分词”构成，必须以过去某一时刻为基点， 即“过去的过去”。基本用法如下： （ 1）表示在过去某一时间或过去某一事件之前已经发生并完成的 动作，即“过去的过去”。When I hurried t the statin t see the specialist ff，the train had already left. 当我匆忙赶到车站为专家送行时，火车已经开走了。［词汇复现］ （ 2）表示一个动作或状态从过去某一时间之前已经开始，一直持续 到过去这一时刻，并也可能继续下去。常用的时间状语有： by then 到那时为止；by that time 到那时候；befre 在……之前；by the end f 到……末为止；until then 直到那时；by the time + 一般过去时的从句The wrker had wrked in the wrkshp fr three hurs befre his machine brke dwn. 机器损坏之前这个工人已经在车间里工作了三个小时。［词汇复现］ By the time Jack returned hme frm England，his sn had graduated frm cllege. 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已大学毕业。
【温馨提示】 如果表示到将来某个时间或某件事情为止，某动作或状态已经发生或完成，要用将来完成时，常用的时间状语有“by + 将来的某个时间”或“by the end f + 将来的某个时间”或 by the time 引导的一个一般现在时的从句等。—Tmmy is planning t buy a car. 汤米计划要买一辆汽车。 —I knw. By next mnth，he’ll have saved enugh fr a new ne. 我知道。到下个月他就攒够买一辆新车的钱了。（ 3）intend，mean，hpe，want，plan，suppse，expect，think 等动词 的过去完成时，可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法等。I had intended t visit yu yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitr. 我本来打算昨天去看你的，但来了一个不速之客。（实际上没去） I had meant t g t see the dentist t have ne f my brken teeth pulled ut，but I had t attend an imprtant meeting. 我本想去看牙医把其中一颗坏了的牙齿拔掉，但我不得不参加一个重要的会议。（实际上没去）［词汇复现］
3 将来完成时将来完成时由“will/shall + have + 过去分词”构成： Hpefully after three years at university I will have matured and mastered the essential skills abut life. 希望经过三年的大学生活， 我将成熟并掌握生活的基本技能。［词汇复现］ Only five years later，yur mney will have grwn by ＄94，000. 仅仅5 年后，你的钱就会增多 94 000 美元。（ 1）将来完成时表示“将来完成”：即表示到将来某个时间为止势必 会完成或预计要完成的动作。When we get there，ur client will have already waited fr us at the htel. 当我们到那里的时候，我们的客户将已经在酒店等我们了。 ［词汇复现］
I expect yu will have changed yur mind by tmrrw. 我预计到明天你就会改变主意了。（ 2）表示“持续”：即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某 一将来时间。We will have been married a year n June 25th. 到6 月25 日我们俩就结婚1 年了。By this time next week，I will have been wrking as the assistant fr the specialist fr 2 years. 到下周的这个时候，我就已经给这位专家做了两年的助理了。［词汇复现］ （ 3）表示“推测”：即表示根据某情况作出的推测。 There will have been a definite result befre Friday. 周五之前会有明确的结果。
4 常使用完成时的句型（1）It was/had been + 一段时间+ since 从句.（从句用过去完成时） It was ten years since we had had such a wnderful time. 我们十年没感受这么高兴的时光了。（2）It is the + that 从句.（从句用现在完成时） It was the + that 从句.（从句用过去完成时） It is the first time that the intelligent by has made such a silly mistake. 这是这个聪明的男孩第一次犯这样愚蠢的错误。［词汇复现］ The teacher said it was the first time that little Jhn had listened s attentively. 老师说这是小约翰第一次那么聚精会神地听讲。
（3）That/This/It is/was + 最高级+ 名词+ 定语从句.（从句常用完成时） The film directed and starred by him is ne f the mst impressive films I have ever seen. 由他导演和主演的这部电影是我看过的令人印象最深刻的电影之一。［词汇复现］ That dinner was the mst expensive meal we had ever had. 那顿晚饭是我们吃过的最贵的一顿饭。（4）在 及n （一……就……） 句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时且 hardly/ scarcely 及 n sner 位于句首时用部分倒装。Hardly had I reached the bus stp when the bus started. 我刚到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开了。
5 现在完成进行时由“have/has been + 现在分词”构成，基本用法如下： （ 1）表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在的动作。这一动作 可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行。常用的时间状语有： all this mrning 整个早上；this mnth 这个月；recently 最近；these few days 这几天；all night 整个晚上；since 自……以后I’m tired ut. I have been shpping all afternn and I dn’t seem t have finished anything. 我累坏了。我整个下午都在购物，而且我好像什么事也没完成。The librarian has been wrking in the library every night ver the last three mnths. 在过去的三个月里，那位图书管理员每天晚上都在图书馆工作。（ 2）现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行， 而是在断断续续地重复。I have been ringing yu several times in tw days. 这两天内我给你打过几次电话。
单句语法填空（1） Since 1978 abut 5.2 millin Chinese _________________（study）abrad and amng thse wh graduated abut 83.7 percent returned t China. （2） In the last few years，China _________________ （make）great achievements in envirnmental prtectin. （3）［词汇复现］I _________________（read）half f the English nvel，and I’ll try t finish it at the weekend. （4） The students _________________ （wrk）hard n their lessns and their effrt will be rewarded. （5） In my hmetwn，there is always a harvest supper fr the farmers after all the wheat __________________（cut）. （6） It’s reprted that by the end f this mnth，the utput f cement in the factry __________________ （rise）by abut 10%.
have studied
have read
have been wrking
has been cut
will have risen
（7） As I walked，he explained that he （win）the shw the week befre and wasn’t allwed t g n again. （8） Hpefully in 2025 we will n lnger be e-mailing each ther，fr we __________________（develp）mre cnvenient electrnic cmmunicatin tls by then. （9） That was the first time I （be）t Hng Kng s I had great difficulty finding the htel. （10） She is surprised t find the fridge empty；the children ______________________ （eat）up everything! （11） Mther wants t be a gd prvider，a rle she ______________________ （shulder）since her marriage t father. （12） I ______________________ （write）a bk recently describing my respnse t the eclgical dilemma we’re nw in.
will have develped
have eaten
has been shuldering
have been writing
（13） Scientists in Australia declare prudly that they __________________（develp）the wrld’s first bld test t find a deadly skin cancer in its early stages. （14） Over the last tw years the park __________________ （receive）650 mnkeys frm a breeding farm that shut dwn. （15）［词汇复现］I hpe that when we return tmrrw， yu __________________ （ adjust） yur plan. 完成句子（16） 那是我第一次见到那位在这个领域作出巨大贡献的专家。_______________________________________________________wh has made great achievements in this field. （17） 在过去的几个月里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。____________________________________________________________________________in the past few mnths.
have develped
has received
will have adjusted
It is the first time that I have met with the specialist
Our schl has changed a lt/Great changes have taken place in ur schl
（18） 到下个月为止，这个厨师在这家餐馆工作满三年。By the end f next mnth，the chef fr three years. （19）［词汇复现］当这个销售员匆忙赶到车站时， 火车已经离开了。When the salesman hurried t the statin， . （20）［词汇复现］据说这家公司的财政危机在春节前已经得到了解决。It is said that befre the Spring Festival. （21） （我刚做完练习）when the bell rang. （22） By the end f last year，we （已经生产）20，000 cars.
will have wrked in this restaurant
the train had already left
the cmpany’s financial crisis had been slved
Scarcely had I finished the exercise
had prduced
（23） When I arrived，my friends （已经离开了）. （24） T much （发生）recently. （25）［词汇复现］N wnder he is s tired ut. The applicant _____________________________________________（在公司外焦急地等）fr nearly tw hurs.
has been happening
has been waiting anxiusly utside the cmpany
TO CLONE OR NOT TO CLONE
What d yu knw abut clning?
Clning can create identical genes.Clning can be used t edit genes.Clning can make an exact cpy f an animal.Scientists have brken lts f technical barriers when studying clning.We’ve clned several species, like sheep, cattle and dgs.Scientists want t prduce animal mdels that are helpful fr medical research.
similar in every detail
t make changes t sth.
classes f plants r animals
What additinal infrmatin wuld yu like t knw?
When was the first clned animal created?Why are scientists s interested in clning?What achievements have we made in clning?What prblems are we facing nw?…
Read thrugh the article. Draw a structural map t shw hw the paragraphs are rganised.
Fllw these steps:1. Lcate the key wrds in each paragraph.2. Find ut the tpics in each paragraph.3. Wrk ut the lgic between the tpics.4. Shw it in yur map.
Paragraph 1
① Clning is the prcess f making an exact cpy f a plant r animal and develping it either naturally r artificially. ② Natural clning has been ging n fr generatins. ③ Fr example, gardeners have been using a frm f clning when they take a cutting frm a plant and place it in a suitable medium, such as sil. ④ Anther example f natural clning is identical twins, wh are prduced frm the same egg.
identical: exactly the same
Paragraph 1 Key Wrds
Paragraph 1: Tpics
natural clning
Structural Map
T clne r nt t clne
Try t wrk n Paragraph 2.
Fr years, there had been attempts t clne animals artificially. The first successfully clned animal was a sheep named Dlly in 1996. At first, Dlly grew nrmally, but later she develped an illness... After Dlly, scientists have clned mre than 20 mammal species, including... Hwever, they have fund a similar pattern f health prblems…
Paragraph 2: Key Wrds
Paragraph 2: Tpics
artificial clning: clned mammals
Read the rest 4 paragraphs.
Paragraph 3: Key Wrds
In January 2018, the clning f tw lng tailed mnkeys, Zhng Zhng and Hua Hua, was annunced by Chinese scientists. They were the first-ever primates… t have been clned! In cmparisn with ther species, clning primates has prved t be “much harder”… Dr. Sun Qiang, directr f the research team, said they had been whlly devted t the research… The reasn they wrked s hard t break this technical barrier was…
Paragraph 3: Tpics
artificial clning: clned primates
Paragraph 4: Key Wrds
The successful clning f primates has led t wrldwide praise as a huge breakthrugh that might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess. With this technlgy, we have the ptential t raise a large number f mnkeys with identical genes... This culd help save research time…
Paragraph 4: Tpics
the significance f clning f primates
Paragraph 5: Key Wrds
Clning, hwever, cntinues t be an issue that causes a great deal f disagreement and prvkes strng emtins. While sme peple believe it is crucial fr scientific advancement, thers raise mral cncerns. They believe it is bund t lead t... Fr example, they wnder if... Furthermre, clnes may... Finally, they wrry...
prvke: t cause
be bund t: be certain t
Paragraph 5: Tpics
mral cncerns
Paragraph 6: Key Wrds
S far, it is still unknwn what will happen t Zhng Zhng and Hua Hua as they grw up. Researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced. As Einstein said, “Science is a pwerful instrument...”
Paragraph 6: Tpics
Find ut the tpics in each paragraph.
Wrk ut the lgic between the tpics.
Shw it in yur map.
Read fr details
1. What was the first clned mammal? What happened t her?2. Hw was the science f clning mammals develped since the first clned mammal?3. What develpment in clning was annunced in 2018? What was special abut it?4. Fr hw lng did Dr. Sun Qiang’s team wrk? Why did they wrk s hard?5. Why was it significant t clne primates?
paragraph 2
paragraph 3
paragraph 4
Natural clning has taken place fr generatins. An example f this is identical 1_____. A sheep called Dlly was the first mammal t be clned 2__________. Since Dlly, mre than 20 mammal 3_______ have been clned including camels and gats. In 2018, China annunced that tw mnkeys had been clned. In cmparisn with ther species, scientists have had t wrk hard t break the technical 4_______ t get primates with 5_______ genes.
artificially
Cmplete the summary using the infrmatin in the article.
Scientists say that this majr breakthrugh ffers the 6________ t create mnkeys with 7__________ genes t give mre 8________ research results and perhaps lead t 9_____ fr varius diseases. Whilst (While) scientists insist it is 10______ t cntinue research, thers raise 11_____ cncerns and wrry that the technlgy might be 12______ by sme rganizatins.
G ver the article again and answer the fllwing questins.
1. Why d researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced?2. What is the writer’s attitude twards clning? Find evidence.
1. Why d researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced?
Para. 3: t get animals with edited genes and prduce animal mdels that are helpful fr medical research and human health.Para. 4: a huge breakthrugh that might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess… change their genes t suit research needs… save research time… prduce mre accurate results… mre effective treatments.
Researchers insist n explring clning t cntinue making prgress in curing diseases and develping treatments.
2. What is the writer’s attitude twards clning? Find evidence.
The writer feels that clning can be a helpful tl in medical research but that it can als becme dangerus. Evidence f this is in the writer’s use f Einstein’s qute.
“Science is a pwerful instrument. Hw it is used, whether it is a blessing r a curse t mankind, depends n mankind and nt n the instrument. A knife is useful, but it can als kill.”
Evidence can be fund in the rest part f the article.
After reading this article, d yu think clning is a gd idea? Use what yu have learnt t try t persuade smene t accept yur pint f view.
It’s a gd idea: the ptential f clning scientists’ devtin Einstein’s qute
It’s a bad idea: clnes’ health prblems mral cncerns Einstein’s qute
Clning is a gd idea. Clning might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess. Besides, clning can change animals’ genes t suit research needs s as t save research time, prduce mre accurate results and lead t mre effective treatments. At the same time, it als reduces the number f animals required fr testing. S it benefits nt nly mankind but als animals in a way. Accrding t Einstein, science is just a tl. S, we shuld regulate the way we use tls instead f giving them up.
Clning is a bad idea. Clnes always develp a similar pattern f health prblems and die at an early age, which is an unslved prblem. Besides, clning raises mral cncerns. Sme believe it is bund t lead t clning f ther species. The identity f clnes is als questined. Are they bjects r individuals with identity? Will the technlgy be abused by sme rganizatins? Accrding t Einstein, used in a wrng way, useful tls can als kill. S, we shuld stp clning s as t avid the ptential prblems.
Accrding t Einstein, …
Accrding t Einstein, science is just a tl. S, we shuld regulate the way we use tls instead f giving them up.
Accrding t Einstein, used in a wrng way, useful tls can als kill. S, we shuld stp clning s as t avid the ptential prblems.
Different interpretatins f the same qutatin.
1. Plish up yur writing.2. Finish the wrkbk.
Language pints
教材原句p.52 it’s nrmal t have high expectatins when a lm f a favurite bk is made. ……如果人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影，他们对电影的期待高，这很正常。
1 expectatin n. 期待，预期，预料in（the）expectatin f 期待，期望abve/belw expectatins 高于/ 低于预期搭配beynd（ne’s）expectatins 出乎意料（好于预期） against/cntrary t expectatins 出乎意料（与预期相反） cme/live up t（ne’s）expectatins 达到预期He ffered t undertake the task in the expectatin f btaining his bss’s appreciatin.他主动承担这项任务，希望得到老板的赏识。［词汇复现］ We did s well —beynd all ur expectatins. 我们做得非常好——超过了我们所有人的预期。Against all expectatins，he accumulated s much wealth in such a shrt time. 完全没想到，他在这么短的时间内积累了如此多的财富。The hliday lived up t all ur expectatins. 假期过得一点儿也没有让我们失望。
Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案） 1. It can be inferred frm the passage that a clned animal . A. usually lives as lng as the riginal ne B. usually lives lnger than the riginal ne C. usually dies earlier than the riginal ne D. is usually as healthy as the riginal ne 2. Why did Chinese scientists wrk s hard t break this technical barrier t clne Zhng Zhng and Hua Hua? A. They thught it helpful fr medical research and human health. B. They wanted t earn much mney and fame as well. C. They culd be the first t have clned primates species. D. They wanted t surpass the ther scientists.
3. Which f the fllwing is nt an advantage f clning? A. Clning can be used fr medical purpses. B. Large quantities f fd can be prduced by clning. C. Clning can help keep animals frm becming extinct. D. Famus persns wh have passed away can be clned. 4. We can use the skill f clning t . A. bring abut glbal peace B. create ther famus scientists C. cure sme special diseases D. clne a mre perfect self t the wrld
Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文） Clning is the prcess f making an exact cpy f a plant r animal and 1______________（develp）it either naturally r artificially. Natural clning has been ging n fr generatins. Fr years，there had been attempts t clne animals artificially. The first 2 ______________ （successful）clned animal was a sheep 3 （name）Dlly in 1996. After Dlly，scientists have clned mre than 20 mammal species. In January 2018，the clning f tw mnkeys，the first-ever primates 4 ______________ （annunce）by Chinese scientists. With this technlgy，we have the ptential 5 （raise）a large number f mnkeys and can even change their genes t suit research needs. Clning， hwever，cntinues t be 6_______ issue that causes a great deal f disagreement and 7 （prvke） strng emtins. Sme peple raise mral cncerns. Furthermre，clnes may als suffer 8 feelings that they are merely a cpy f anther individual. Finally， sme peple wrry that sme 9 ______________（rganisatin） may abuse the technlgy fr unethical purpses. S far，it is still unknwn 10 will happen t the clned mnkeys as they grw up. Researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced.
develping
successfully
was annunced
rganisatins
教材原句p.52 Clning is the prcess f making an exact cpy f a plant r animal and develping it either naturally r artificially. 克隆是通过自然或人为的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。1 artificially adv. 人为地；虚假地 Why des the scientist need an artificially intelligent cmputer as an assistant? 为什么这位科学家需要人工智能电脑当助手呢？［词汇复现］ Therefre learning ccurs wherever evlutin is，even if artificially. 因此，凡有进化，哪怕是人工进化的地方就会有学习。【词语积累】 artificial adj. 人工的；假的 artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］They were taking advantage f an （artificial）lw cst f capital. （2） They have kept the price f sugar （artificial）high and s fattened the cmpany’s prfits. 完成句子（3）［词汇复现］It was the first cmmercially available machine t emply ________________________（人工智能）.
artificially
artificial intelligence
教材原句p.52 Anther example f natural clning is identical twins... 自然克隆的另一个例子是同卵双胞胎…… 2 identical adj. 完全相同的，非常相似的 搭配be identical t/with 与……完全相同be identical in 在……方面极其相似a rw f identical huses 完全一样的一排房子 Her dress is almst identical t mine. 她的连衣裙和我的几乎一模一样。 The sisters were identical in appearance and character. 这对姐妹在相貌和性格上极其相似。【词语积累】 identity n. 特性；身份 identify vt. 确认；认出；发现Scientists have identified a link between diet and cancer. 科学家已经发现了饮食与癌症之间的关联。
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］Tm must have taken yur dictinary by mistake. Yur dictinary is identical ___ his. （2） The tw cmputers were identical design. （3） The number n the card shuld be （identity）with the ne n the chequebk. （4） The thief used a false （identify） s that he culdn’t be discvered. （5） The child may be （identify）by his clthing.
identical
identified
原句p.52 In cmparisn with ther species，clning primates has prved t be“much harder”... 与其他的物种相比，克隆灵长类动物被证明要“困难得多”…… 3 cmparisn n. 比较搭配：by/in cmparisn with 与……相比In cmparisn with the Americans，Chinese are mre sensitive abut their faces. 与美国人相比，中国人对他们的脸面更加敏感。By cmparisn with ther clleagues，he has greater capability t deal with such prblems. 与其他同事相比，他处理这类问题的能力更强。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 cmpare v. 比较，对比
把……与……对比 把……与……对比，把……比作…… cmpared with/t 与……相比cmpare ntes（with sb）（与某人）交换意见beynd/withut cmpare 无与伦比Bks can be cmpared t friends. 书可被比作朋友。 Cmpared with/t ur small flat，Bill’s huse seems like a palace. 与我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像一座宫殿。Accrding t my mther，the mvie directed and starred by him is beynd cmpare. 据我妈妈所说，他导演并主演的电影是无与伦比的。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1） When we cmpare ur films freign nes，we find many differences. （2） Recently a survey （cmpare） prices f the same gds in tw different supermarkets has caused a heated debate amng citizens. （3） Film has a much shrter histry，especially when （cmpare）t such art frms as music and painting. （4） The yung persns are ften cmpared the rising sun in the mrning. （5）［词汇复现］In （cmpare）with the previus study，the new study expanded research subjects. （6）［词汇复现］I lve watching films abut rmance and I think they are cmpare.
教材原句p.52 Dr. Sun Qiang，directr f the research team， said they had been whlly devted t the research... 研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地投入到研究中…… 4 be devted t 专心于/ 致力于……的；献身……的；挚爱……的They are devted t their children. 他们深爱着自己的孩子。 The specialist has been devted t helping the farmers t raise crp prductin these years. 这些年来，这位专家一直致力于帮助农民提高农作物产量。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 devte neself t 献身于，致力于devte ne’s life/time/energy/attentin t... 把某人的生命/ 时间/ 精力/ 注意力奉献于…… Qian Xuesen devted himself entirely t science. 钱学森把一生都献给了科学事业。He devted mst f his time t his painting.他把大部分时间用于绘画。 【误区警示】 和 be devted t 中的 t 均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空 （1）［词汇复现］As we all knw，he is a generus， （devte），reliable and warm-hearted friend. （2）［词汇复现］Mr Reed made up his mind t devte all he had t （set）up sme schls fr pr children. （3） Fans will shw their （devte） by waiting fr hurs t get tickets fr their favurite singer’s cncert. （4）We devted a lt f time t （persuade）the stubbrn ld man t change his mind. 完成句子（5） Yu will never achieve success unless yu _____________________________________（致力于）yur wrk. （6）［词汇复现］He was determined t ________________________________（将自己的余生献给）flk music.
persuading
devte yurself t/are devted t
devte the rest f his life t
教材原句p.52 There had been a number f failures... 历经多次失败…… 5 a number f 若干，一些；许多He held a number f patents fr his many innvatins. 他为他的许多革新申请了几项专利。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】 a（great）number f（许多，大量的）+ 可数名词复数+ 复数谓语the number f（……的数量）+ 可数名词复数+ 单数谓语A number f participants have participated in the activity and the number f them has been calculated t ver 500. 许多人参加了这次活动，据计算，人数已超过500。［词汇复现］
【归纳拓展】 以下短语接名词作主语时应注意谓语动词的单复数变化： a large amunt f + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语 large amunts f + 不可数名词+ 复数谓语 a（large）quantity f + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语 （ large）quantities f + 不可数名词/ 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］During the last three decades，the number f peple participating in physical fitness prgrammes （increase） sharply. （2） A large number f peple （be） fluent English speakers，and the number f peple learning English （be） increasing rapidly. 选词填空（a number f/the number f） （3）［词汇复现］He has edited articles this mrning. （4）［词汇复现］ the passengers abard killed in the accident cmes t 12.
has increased
a number f
The number f
教材原句p.53 This culd help save research time，reduce the number f animals required fr testing，prduce mre accurate results，and lead t mre eective treatments. 这有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。6 accurate adj. 准确的，精确的搭配be accurate in 在……方面准确t be accurate 精确地说Bradcast news was accurate and reliable but deadly dull. 新闻广播准确、可靠，但极其枯燥。［词汇复现］ Jurnalists are nt always accurate in what they write. 新闻工作者的报道并非总是准确的。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 accurately adv. 精确地，准确地 accuracy n. 精确度，准确性
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］It will be many years befre anyne can predict a hurricane’s behaviur with much （accurate）. （2）［词汇复现］The test can （accurate） predict what a bigger explsin wuld d. （3）［词汇复现］The jurnalist’s reprt f the event was accurate every detail. 完成句子（4）［词汇复现］ （精确地说），the number f the participants is
accurately
T be accurate
7 treatment n. 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式搭配：under treatment 在治疗中At last he had n ptin but t g t hspital fr treatment. 最后他别无选择，只能去医院治疗。［词汇复现］ This watch is nt designed fr rugh treatment. 这块手表不可重拿重放。【词语积累】 treat vt. 治疗；对待；处理；视为；请客 n. 请客；款待treat sb fr 治疗某人的……病treat sb t 请某人…… It’s my treat. 我请客。 The physician is treating him fr his back injury. 医生正在治疗他背部的伤。［词汇复现］ After he was devted t his research fr nearly three weeks，the prfessr treated himself t a film. 在花了近三个星期的时间进行研究之后， 这位教授请自己看了一场电影。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1） Thse wh gt injured in the accident are nw treatment in a lcal hspital. （2）［词汇复现］With gd （treat）and care，Prfessr Smith unbelievably recvered frm a heart attack within a week. （3）［词汇复现］He guaranteed that he wuld treat us a big dinner if we finished the wrk n time. 完成句子（4） When I visited them last year，they ___________________________________（请我吃了一顿大餐）. （5） His parents have cllected many different drugs t _________________________________（治疗他的肺癌）. （6） Tday yu dn’t need t pay fr the meal. （我请客）.
treatment
treated me t a big dinner
treat him fr his lung cancer
It’s my treat
教材原句p.53 Clning，hwever，cntinues t be an issue that causes a great deal f disagreement and prvkes strng emtins. 但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起强烈反对情绪的问题。8 emtin n. 强烈的情感；激情Basing an imprtant decisin mre n emtin than n reasn，yu will regret it sner r later. 如果你做一个重要的决定时更多的是基于情感而不是理性，你迟早会后悔的。We ften have little cntrl ver when we are swept by emtin. 当情绪席卷而来的时候，我们往往无法控制自己。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 emtinal adj. 情绪的，情感的；有感染力的；情绪激动的emtinally adv. 感情上；情绪上；令人激动地；情绪冲动地
单句语法填空（1） They have suffered physically and （emtin）. （2） Men g thrugh a change f life （emtin）just like wmen. （3） He tends t get （emtin）n these ccasins. 完成句子（4） The decisin was based n _______________________________（情感而不是深思熟虑）.
emtin rather than careful thught
教材原句p.53 While sme peple believe it is crucial fr scientic advancement... 尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要…… 9 crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的搭配be crucial t/fr... 对……至关重要be crucial that... ……是至关重要的 Talent，diligence and whle devtin are all crucial t career success. 才能、勤奋和全身心投入对于事业的成功都是至关重要的。［词汇复现］ It is crucial that we get this right. 我们把这个问题弄正确是至关重要的。She brke in n the cnversatin at a crucial mment. 她在关键时刻打断了谈话。Yung peple play a crucial rle in wrking fr peace. 年轻人在争取和平的事业中发挥着至关重要的作用。【词语积累】 crucially adv. 关键地；至关重要地
单句语法填空（1）Winning this cntract is crucial the success f the cmpany. （2）［词汇复现］It was the schlar wh helped me ut the crucial mment. （3） Chewing prperly is （crucial） imprtant. 完成句子（4） Parents （起着至关重要的作用）in preparing their child fr schl. （5） He wasn’t there （紧要关头）.
play a crucial rle
at the crucial mment
教材原句p.53 They believe it is bund t lead t clning f ther species... 他们认为这项技术必将导致其他物种的 克隆…… 10 bund adj. 很有可能，肯定会搭配be bund t d 一定会，必定会，很可能会；有义务做，有责任做be bund fr 前往……的If yu keep n wrking hard like this，chances are bund t favur yu. 如果你继续这么努力工作的话，机会一定会垂青你的。I am bund t say yur absence frm the meeting is unwise. 我必须告诉你，你缺席会议是不明智的。We’d better take a plane bund fr China. 我们最好乘坐飞往中国的飞机。
完成句子（1）［词汇复现］The rules are nt suitable fr the develpment f sciety. They _______________________（一定会被废除）sme day. （2） He is s ambitius that I believe he （一定会成功）. 单句语法填空（3） Yu have dne an excellent jb and are bund ________________（admit）int the cmpany. （4） The train bund New Yrk is piled with gds.
are bund t be ablished
is bund t succeed
t be admitted
教材原句p.53 Furthermre，clnes may be viewed as mere cpies f riginals thus being seen as inferir. 而且，克隆体可能仅被看作母体的副本，因此被认为更低等。11 mere adj. 仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的It tk her a mere 20 minutes t win the cmpetitin. 她只花了20 分钟就赢了这场比赛。The mere thught f eating made him feel sick. 他一想到吃东西就觉得恶心。【词语积累】 merely adv. 仅仅，只不过；只是
单句语法填空（1） D yu really want t g r are yu （mere）shwing yu are plite? 完成句子（2） But the cntainer itself is （仅仅是一个容器）. （3） Fr them these are nt （纯粹的字母或单词）.
a mere cntainer
mere letters r mere wrds
教材原句p.53 Finally，they wrry that sme rganisatins may abuse the technlgy fr unethical purpses. 最后，他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的滥用该技术。12 abuse vt. & n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂gvernment fficials’ abuse f pwer 政府官员的滥用职权 alchl/drug abuse 酗酒 / 吸毒 Much f the crime in this area is related t drug abuse. 这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。［词汇复现］ He abused his pwer t help his family and was put int prisn eventually. 他滥用职权帮助自己的家人，最终被关进了监狱。He was accused f abusing his wife last week. 上周他被指控虐待他的妻子。［词汇复现］
完成句子（1） His plitical reputatin was ruined by his （滥用职权）. （2）［词汇复现］T ur srrw，it was （酗酒）that ruined his fitness and life. （3）Williams （滥用职务）as mayr t give jbs t his friends. （4）［词汇复现］If yu （吸毒）， yu are bund t end up in prisn.
abuse f pwer
alchl abuse
abused his psitin
abuse drugs
教材原句p.53 it is a blessing r a curse t mankind， depends n mankind... ……究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己…… 13 blessing n. 祝福；福气，幸运；赞同；许可pray fr blessing 祈求降福 The gvernment gave its blessing t the new plans. 政府已批准这些新计划。Lack f traffic is ne f the blessings f cuntry life. 往来车辆少是乡村生活的一大好处。［词汇复现］ Great intelligence can be a curse as well as a blessing. 大智是福亦是祸。［词汇复现］ This activity has been a great blessing t ur family. 这个活动一直是给我们家人的伟大祝福。
单句语法填空（1） Rivers are blessing fr an agricultural cuntry. 完成句子（2） He went with （他父母的同意）. （3）［词汇复现］ （幸好）I grabbed the by by the arm. Otherwise， he wuld have been drwned in the river. （4） Instead f advice，in ther wrds，what mst peple seek is ______________（你的祝福）.
his parents’ blessing
It’s a blessing that
yur blessing
14 depend n （1）取决于，由……决定Whether yu can dispse f these gds will depend n the price. 你能否处理掉这些货物将取决于价格。（2）依靠，依赖depend n sb fr sth 依靠某人获得某物 搭配depend n sb t d sth指望/ 依靠某人做某事depend n sb ding sth 指望/ 依靠某人做某事 Yu can depend n him t help yu ut f the situatin，fr he is reliable. 你可以依靠他来帮助你摆脱困境，因为他是值得信赖的。［词汇复现］
【误区警示】 （ 1）上面所有的 depend 都可以用 rely 替代。 （ 2）depend n 后不能直接跟 that 引导的宾语从句，须先接形式宾 语 it，再接 that 从句。能这样用的短语还有 see t，answer fr，rely n，insist n，stick t 等。Yu may depend n it that Tm will assist yu with yur English. 你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 That depends./It（all）depends. 表示“那得看情况”。—Is he cming? 他会来吗？ —That depends. He may have a meeting t attend. 那得看情况。他可能有个会议要参加。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］Dn’t always depend the gvernment fr the preservatin f the rare species，which is als ur duty. （2） The yung birds depend n their parents fd fr several weeks. （3） Yu may depend n _______that they will always supprt yu. 完成句子（4） —Are yu ging t Emma’s party? — （那得看情况）. We might be ging away that weekend. （5）［2019·山东泰安一中高二期中］When cming acrss new wrds，instead f always __________________________________（依赖）the dictinary，use yur head first. （6）［词汇复现］Yu can’t ____________________________（指望着）he will fllw in yur ftsteps. He isn’t interested in what yu are ding.
That/It depends
depending/relying n
depend/rely n it that
教材原句p.52 They were the first-ever have been clned! 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物……！ 【句式分析】不定式短语 t have been clned 作后置定语，修饰 the first-ever primates，名词与不定式之间是被动关系，动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态前，用不定式完成被动式。1 动词不定式作定语 当被修饰词前有序数词（first，secnd 等）、最高级或 the next，the nly，the very 等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。The jurnalist was the first persn t get t the scene where the accident happened. 那位记者是第一个到达事故现场的人。［词汇复现］ He is the nly ne t get a bachelr’s degree in his family. 他是家中唯一取得学士学位的人。［词汇复现］ She was the first wman t be appinted t the bard. 她是第一位被任命进入董事会的女性。
完成句子 （1） ______________________（最后一个到的人）pays fr the meal. （2）［词汇复现］Vlunteering gives yu a chance （改变生活）， including yur wn. 单句语法填空（3）［词汇复现］He is the last applicant （submit）his applicatin frm. （4）［词汇复现］He deserves the achievement fr he is always the first （get）t the ffice and the last （leave）.
The last ne t arrive
t change lives
教材原句p.53 Researchers insist that the science f clning shuld be further explred and advanced. 研究人员主张，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。【句式分析】本句是一个复合句，insist后接了that引导的宾语从句。 2 insist 后的宾语从句（ 1）insist 后接 that 从句，表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语 气，即从句谓语用“shuld + 动词原形”，shuld 可以省略。（2）insist 表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。Our English teacher insists that we shuld speak English in and ut f class. 英语老师坚持要我们在课堂内外都讲英语。The schlar insisted that this graduatin paper was partly based n ne in a magazine and that the student（shuld）write it a secnd time. 这位学者坚持认为，这篇毕业论文部分是基于一本杂志上的一篇文章，坚决要求该学生应该再写一遍。［词汇复现］
【归纳拓展】 后跟名词性从句，从句谓语用“（shuld +）动词原形”的动词： 一个“坚持”（insist）； 两道“命令”（rder，cmmand）； 四条“建议”（suggest，prpse，advise，recmmend）； 四点“要求”（demand，desire，request，require）。It is recmmended that we shuld be retrained t keep up with the times. 有人建议我们应该接受再次培训，以跟上时代的步伐。［词汇复现］ It is required that students（shuld）d sme exercise fr at least an hur every day. 要求学生们每天至少锻炼一个小时。
完成句子（1） She was stubbrn and insisted that the wrk _________________（完成）ahead f schedule. （2） The dctr requested that yu （不要吃任何东西）within half an hur after ding sme sprts. 单句语法填空（3） He insisted that he （d）nthing wrng and _________________ （set）free. （4）［词汇复现］The captain demanded that all the seamen ______________（prepare）fr sail. （5） He advised that his grandma _________________ （make）gd use f her spare time. （6）［词汇复现］It is required that all the crps ________________________ （harvest）befre daybreak.
（shuld）be finished
（shuld）nt eat anything
（shuld）be set
（shuld）prepare
（shuld）make
(shuld） be harvested
教材原句p.53 Hw it is used，whether it is a blessing r a curse t mankind，depends n mankind and nt n the instrument. 怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。【句式分析】本句是一个复合句。hw it is used，whether it is a blessing r a curse t mankind 均为主语从句。3 不管……还是…… Whether yu are a farmer r a specialist，yu bth shuld bey the rules. 无论你是农民还是专家，你都应该遵守规则。［词汇复现］ Whether they’ll have a picnic r nt depends n the weather. 他们是否去野餐要看天气。
【学法点拨】 （1）“不管……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，强调任意选择，此时不能把whether 替换为if。（2） nt... 或whether r nt... 表示两种相对的选择。Let me knw whether r nt yu can cme. 让我知道你是否能来。Whether the prfessr will cme r nt is nt decided. 教授是否来，还没定下来。
完成句子 （1） 无论你走还是留在这里，我必须回家。 yu g stay here，I must g hme. （2） 不管在这儿还是在上海，我肯定我们很快又会见面。I am sure we’ll see each ther again sn， here in Shanghai. （3）［词汇复现］无论你是贫穷还是富有，你都必须为成功而奋斗。 ，yu have t struggle fr success. （4）［词汇复现］不管你挣钱多还是少，对我没有 影响。It makes n difference t me________________________________. （5） 无论你是否喜欢它，我都不会改变主意。 ， I will nt change my mind.
Whether yu are pr r rich
whether yu earn mre r less
Whether yu like it r n
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE： The Perfect
Fcus n LanguageThe Perfect 完成时
present perfect 现在完成时present perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行时past perfect 过去完成时past perfect cntinuus 过去完成进行时
Identify the tense f the sentences. P55 Ex. 11The frms (形式)：present perfect 现在完成时have / has dnepresent perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行时have / has been dingpast perfect 过去完成时had dnepast perfect cntinuus 过去完成进行时had been ding
1. Natural clning has been ging n fr generatins.2. Gardeners have been using a frm f clning when they take a cutting frm a plant…3. Fr years, there had been attempts t clne animals.4. Clning primates has been prved t be “much harder” than clning ther species.5. Dr. Sun Qiang said they had been whlly devted t the research…6. Dr. Sun Qiang said they had been taking care f mre than 1,000 mnkeys 24 hurs a day, 7 days a week…
(P55 Ex. 11)
1. Natural clning has been ging n fr generatins. present perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行时 2. Gardeners have been using a frm f clning when they take a cutting frm a plant… present perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行时3. Fr years, there had been attempts t clne animals. past perfect 过去完成时
4. Clning primates has been prved t be “much harder” than clning ther species. present perfect passive vice 现在完成时 被动语态5. Dr. Sun Qiang said they had been whlly devted t the research… past perfect passive vice 过去完成时 被动语态6. Dr. Sun Qiang said they had been taking care f mre than 1,000 mnkeys 24 hurs a day, 7 days a week. past perfect cntinuus 过去完成进行时
The meanings (意义)：present perfect 现在完成时present perfect cntinuus 现在完成进行past perfect 过去完成时past perfect cntinuus 过去完成进行时
现在完成时 present perfect tense
1. I ___________ (learn) English fr ver 10 years. 2. Tm __________ (nt be) hme since he was a by. 3. Recently she __________ (arrive) frm New Yrk.4. ______ they ______ (find) the missing child yet?
hasn’t been
have learned
has arrived
already, yet, never, ever, s far
过去完成时 past perfect tense
1. We cleared up as sn as ur guests _______ (leave).2. The by lved the z. They ____ never _____ (see) wild animals befre.3. I began cllecting stamps in February and by Nvember I ____________ (cllect) mre than 2,000.
had cllected
never, already, yet
现在完成时、过去完成时
1. Juliet was excited because she ____ never _____ (be) t a dance befre.2. He _____________ (nt finish) by yesterday evening.3. I ___________ (plant) 14 rses s far this mrning.4. I _____ already ______ (pass) my driving test.
hadn’t finished
have planted
现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时
1. She is very tired. She ______________ (type) letters all day.2. She was very tired. She ______________ (type) letters all day.3. Jim _______________ (phne) Jenny every night fr the last week.4. Jenny was annyed. Jim _______________ (phne) her every night fr a whle week.
has been typing
had been phning
has been phning
had been typing
Grup 11. My hands are very dirty. I have been repairing the car.2. The car is OK again nw. I have repaired it.
Identify the tenses and wrk ut the meanings.
Grup 21. She has been smking t much recently. She shuld smke less.2. Smebdy has smked all my cigarettes. The packet is empty.
Identify the tenses and match the sentences with the pictures.
1. When I gt hme, I fund that Kevin had been painting his huse.2. When I gt hme, I fund that Kevin had painted his huse.
1. Daisy had been writing letters all day yesterday.2. Daisy had written 18 letters by 7 p.m. yesterday.
完成进行时：动作、持续/重复
1. I’m tired. We ________________ (walk) fr mre than an hur. Let’s stp and rest fr a while.2. A: Is the pst ffice far frm here? B: Nt at all. I ______________ (walk) there many times.3. We culdn’t pen the dr because it ________________ (snw) heavily all night.4. She lked shcked and she said she __________ (see) a UFO.
have been walking
have walked
had been snwing
Fill in the blanks with the prper frm f the wrds in brackets.
5. Jhn decided t cmplain as his neighburs ______________ (have) parties every day fr tw weeks. It was unbearably nisy.6. Jill lked great—she _________ (lse) a few punds and _________ (put n) a smart evening dress.7. I ____________ (read) this chapter in my chemistry text three times, but I still dn’t understand it!8. I ________________________ (live) here fr nly a shrt while. S I dn’t knw this place very well.
have been living/have lived
had been having
Cmplete the passage with the prper frm f the wrds in brackets. (Page 55 Ex. 12)
On Thursday, the Institute f Neurscience annunced it 1)___________ (clne) tw mnkeys using nn-reprductive cells. It is reprted that researchers all arund the wrld 2)___________________ (cnduct) tests n animals such as mice and dgs fr many years, but culdn’t find a way t clne mnkeys. The news f the successful clning 3)___________ (attract) attentin frm arund the wrld. Hwever, clning primates 4)______________ (als raise) ethical cncerns. Fr example, sme peple 5)______ ______________(discuss) issues cncerning hw clnes will be treated in sciety.
have been cnducting
has attracted
has als raised
been discussing
HmewrkP68 Ex. 1P88 Ex. 1P89 Ex. 4
完成时1 现在完成时 由“have/has + 过去分词”构成，基本用法如下： （ 1）表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时 间，但现在已经完成，且其结果对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有：lately 近来；recently 最近；s far 到目前为止；by nw 到现在； up t/till nw 直到现在；in the last/past few days/years 在过去的几天/ 几年里Prgress has been s far very gd and we are sure that the wrk will be finished n time. 到目前为止，工作进展得很顺利，我们确信工作一定会按时完成。The jurnalist has written 50 reprts in the past tw years. 这位记者在过去两年里写了50 篇报道。［词汇复现］
（ 2）表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还会继续 进行下去，常用的时间状语有： since + 时间点；fr + 时间段His first nvel has received gd reviews since it came ut last mnth. 他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了好评。The librarian has wrked in this library fr nearly twenty years. 这位图书管理员在这个图书馆工作了将近二十年。［词汇复现］ （ 3）瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示一 段时间的状语连用。在否定句中，瞬间动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的瞬间动词有：g，cme，arrive，leave，begin， brrw，buy，die，fall，stp，start，kill，clse，graduate，jin，finish， lse 等。若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换，如：
buy → have 买 brrw→ keep 借finish → be ver 结束 leave→ be away 离开clse → be clsed 关闭 pen→ be pen 打开cme/g/becme → be 来/ 去/ 变得；成为 die → be dead 死fall asleep → be asleep 睡觉 fall ill → be ill 生病put n → have/wear 穿 marry→ be married 结婚jin the army → be a sldier/be in the army 参军“他已经参军三年了”可以用以下方式表达： He jined the army three years ag. It is/has been three years since he jined the army. He has been a sldier fr three years. He has been in the army fr three years.
单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］S far，the disabled by （accept）three peratins in rder t live a nrmal life. （2）［词汇复现］Up t nw，the emplyer （hire）mre than ten excellent graduates t wrk fr him. （3） Dn’t get ff the bus until it （stp）. （4） In the last few years thusands f films _______________________（prduce）all ver the wrld. （5）［词汇复现］It is abut five years since the saleswman （wrk）in this factry. （6）［词汇复现］He （d）a lt f things fr the elderly in his city since his retirement.
has accepted
has hired
has stpped
have been prduced
完成句子（7） This is （我第一次来这里）. （8） Such a thing has （闻所未闻）befre. （9） （很多年过去了）since we met last time. （10） — Mary，I miss yu s much. Where have yu been? — I （去一所学校）in a muntain area fr tw years.
the first time that I have cme here
never been heard f
A cuple f years have passed
have been t a schl
2 过去完成时过去完成时由“had+ 过去分词”构成，必须以过去某一时刻为基点， 即“过去的过去”。基本用法如下： （ 1）表示在过去某一时间或过去某一事件之前已经发生并完成的 动作，即“过去的过去”。When I hurried t the statin t see the specialist ff，the train had already left. 当我匆忙赶到车站为专家送行时，火车已经开走了。［词汇复现］ （ 2）表示一个动作或状态从过去某一时间之前已经开始，一直持续 到过去这一时刻，并也可能继续下去。常用的时间状语有： by then 到那时为止；by that time 到那时候；befre 在……之前；by the end f 到……末为止；until then 直到那时；by the time + 一般过去时的从句The wrker had wrked in the wrkshp fr three hurs befre his machine brke dwn. 机器损坏之前这个工人已经在车间里工作了三个小时。［词汇复现］ By the time Jack returned hme frm England，his sn had graduated frm cllege. 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已大学毕业。
【温馨提示】 如果表示到将来某个时间或某件事情为止，某动作或状态已经发生或完成，要用将来完成时，常用的时间状语有“by + 将来的某个时间”或“by the end f + 将来的某个时间”或 by the time 引导的一个一般现在时的从句等。—Tmmy is planning t buy a car. 汤米计划要买一辆汽车。 —I knw. By next mnth，he’ll have saved enugh fr a new ne. 我知道。到下个月他就攒够买一辆新车的钱了。（ 3）intend，mean，hpe，want，plan，suppse，expect，think 等动词 的过去完成时，可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法等。I had intended t visit yu yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitr. 我本来打算昨天去看你的，但来了一个不速之客。（实际上没去） I had meant t g t see the dentist t have ne f my brken teeth pulled ut，but I had t attend an imprtant meeting. 我本想去看牙医把其中一颗坏了的牙齿拔掉，但我不得不参加一个重要的会议。（实际上没去）［词汇复现］
3 将来完成时将来完成时由“will/shall + have + 过去分词”构成： Hpefully after three years at university I will have matured and mastered the essential skills abut life. 希望经过三年的大学生活， 我将成熟并掌握生活的基本技能。［词汇复现］ Only five years later，yur mney will have grwn by ＄94，000. 仅仅5 年后，你的钱就会增多 94 000 美元。（ 1）将来完成时表示“将来完成”：即表示到将来某个时间为止势必 会完成或预计要完成的动作。When we get there，ur client will have already waited fr us at the htel. 当我们到那里的时候，我们的客户将已经在酒店等我们了。 ［词汇复现］
I expect yu will have changed yur mind by tmrrw. 我预计到明天你就会改变主意了。（ 2）表示“持续”：即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某 一将来时间。We will have been married a year n June 25th. 到6 月25 日我们俩就结婚1 年了。By this time next week，I will have been wrking as the assistant fr the specialist fr 2 years. 到下周的这个时候，我就已经给这位专家做了两年的助理了。［词汇复现］ （ 3）表示“推测”：即表示根据某情况作出的推测。 There will have been a definite result befre Friday. 周五之前会有明确的结果。
4 常使用完成时的句型（1）It was/had been + 一段时间+ since 从句.（从句用过去完成时） It was ten years since we had had such a wnderful time. 我们十年没感受这么高兴的时光了。（2）It is the + that 从句.（从句用现在完成时） It was the + that 从句.（从句用过去完成时） It is the first time that the intelligent by has made such a silly mistake. 这是这个聪明的男孩第一次犯这样愚蠢的错误。［词汇复现］ The teacher said it was the first time that little Jhn had listened s attentively. 老师说这是小约翰第一次那么聚精会神地听讲。
（3）That/This/It is/was + 最高级+ 名词+ 定语从句.（从句常用完成时） The film directed and starred by him is ne f the mst impressive films I have ever seen. 由他导演和主演的这部电影是我看过的令人印象最深刻的电影之一。［词汇复现］ That dinner was the mst expensive meal we had ever had. 那顿晚饭是我们吃过的最贵的一顿饭。（4）在 及n （一……就……） 句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时且 hardly/ scarcely 及 n sner 位于句首时用部分倒装。Hardly had I reached the bus stp when the bus started. 我刚到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开了。
5 现在完成进行时由“have/has been + 现在分词”构成，基本用法如下： （ 1）表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在的动作。这一动作 可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行。常用的时间状语有： all this mrning 整个早上；this mnth 这个月；recently 最近；these few days 这几天；all night 整个晚上；since 自……以后I’m tired ut. I have been shpping all afternn and I dn’t seem t have finished anything. 我累坏了。我整个下午都在购物，而且我好像什么事也没完成。The librarian has been wrking in the library every night ver the last three mnths. 在过去的三个月里，那位图书管理员每天晚上都在图书馆工作。（ 2）现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行， 而是在断断续续地重复。I have been ringing yu several times in tw days. 这两天内我给你打过几次电话。
单句语法填空（1） Since 1978 abut 5.2 millin Chinese _________________（study）abrad and amng thse wh graduated abut 83.7 percent returned t China. （2） In the last few years，China _________________ （make）great achievements in envirnmental prtectin. （3）［词汇复现］I _________________（read）half f the English nvel，and I’ll try t finish it at the weekend. （4） The students _________________ （wrk）hard n their lessns and their effrt will be rewarded. （5） In my hmetwn，there is always a harvest supper fr the farmers after all the wheat __________________（cut）. （6） It’s reprted that by the end f this mnth，the utput f cement in the factry __________________ （rise）by abut 10%.
have studied
have read
have been wrking
has been cut
will have risen
（7） As I walked，he explained that he （win）the shw the week befre and wasn’t allwed t g n again. （8） Hpefully in 2025 we will n lnger be e-mailing each ther，fr we __________________（develp）mre cnvenient electrnic cmmunicatin tls by then. （9） That was the first time I （be）t Hng Kng s I had great difficulty finding the htel. （10） She is surprised t find the fridge empty；the children ______________________ （eat）up everything! （11） Mther wants t be a gd prvider，a rle she ______________________ （shulder）since her marriage t father. （12） I ______________________ （write）a bk recently describing my respnse t the eclgical dilemma we’re nw in.
will have develped
have eaten
has been shuldering
have been writing
（13） Scientists in Australia declare prudly that they __________________（develp）the wrld’s first bld test t find a deadly skin cancer in its early stages. （14） Over the last tw years the park __________________ （receive）650 mnkeys frm a breeding farm that shut dwn. （15）［词汇复现］I hpe that when we return tmrrw， yu __________________ （ adjust） yur plan. 完成句子（16） 那是我第一次见到那位在这个领域作出巨大贡献的专家。_______________________________________________________wh has made great achievements in this field. （17） 在过去的几个月里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。____________________________________________________________________________in the past few mnths.
have develped
has received
will have adjusted
It is the first time that I have met with the specialist
Our schl has changed a lt/Great changes have taken place in ur schl
（18） 到下个月为止，这个厨师在这家餐馆工作满三年。By the end f next mnth，the chef fr three years. （19）［词汇复现］当这个销售员匆忙赶到车站时， 火车已经离开了。When the salesman hurried t the statin， . （20）［词汇复现］据说这家公司的财政危机在春节前已经得到了解决。It is said that befre the Spring Festival. （21） （我刚做完练习）when the bell rang. （22） By the end f last year，we （已经生产）20，000 cars.
will have wrked in this restaurant
the train had already left
the cmpany’s financial crisis had been slved
Scarcely had I finished the exercise
had prduced
（23） When I arrived，my friends （已经离开了）. （24） T much （发生）recently. （25）［词汇复现］N wnder he is s tired ut. The applicant _____________________________________________（在公司外焦急地等）fr nearly tw hurs.
has been happening
has been waiting anxiusly utside the cmpany
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