高中英语高考2020高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions练习含解析新人教版选修

这是一份高中英语高考2020高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions练习含解析新人教版选修，共7页。试卷主要包含了What is the U，highest　句意见上题解析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
(2018辽宁五校联考)
A research has shwn that nearly 90 percent f traffic accidents are caused by human errrs.S ur aim is a fully autnmus (自动的) car that gets rid f the cause f mst accidents:the driver.Researcher Hdgsn pints ut, “Fr safety,the faster yu can remve humans,the better,even if there are unfrtunately a few accidents frm new causes.It’s a questin f balancing the number injured r killed by autnmus vehicles with the peple whse lives are ptentially saved.”
It’s an idea that Eln Musk, chief executive f electric car cmpany Tesla Mtrs,has lng believed. His cmpany is determined t be the first t deliver a fully autnmus vehicle t cnsumers. Last year, Musk annunced that Tesla’s 2017 gal was “t d an example drive f full autnmy all the way frm L.A. t New Yrk... and have the car park itself.”
Hwever, even Tesla admits that there are prblems t vercme—the sftware needs further validatin (批准生效) and the apprpriate regulatry apprval needs t be in place.Indeed, recent crashes f Tesla vehicles and Ggle cars cnfirm that the sftware isn’t ready yet.
The U.K. gvernment appears cmmitted t encuraging the develpment f autnmus vehicles.It’s supprting fur city trials, publishing the Mdern Transprt Bill t reduce red tape arund their intrductin and adapting the legal system t take int accunt prblems such as insurance liability when a human
isn’t in cntrl f a vehicle.
The insurance industry is similarly eager t help increase autnmy in cars. As the Assciatin f British Insurers (ABI) pints ut,“Nearly 90 percent f rad accidents are caused by human errrs.” This csts mtr insurers a shcking ￡ 20 millin per day in claims.
1.What difficulty des the cmpany Tesla Mtrs have?
A.New inventins may cause mre injuries and deaths.
B.The cmpany lacks cnfidence t make new creatins.
C.The sftware shuld be made fficially acceptable.
D.The traffic regulatin has prved unreasnable.
2.What is the U.K. gvernment’s attitude t autnmus cars?
A. Ambiguus.B. Psitive.C. Cautius.D. Disapprving.
3.What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A.Insurance cmpanies wuld like t supprt autnmus cars.
B.Human mistakes may be the key cause f traffic accidents.
C.Traffic accidents waste insurance cmpanies quite a lt.
D.Mtrists are surprised t hear abut autnmus cars.
4.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A.T shw his deep lve fr autnmus cars.
B.T intrduce a new develpment in technlgy.
C.T amuse readers with funny examples.
D.T prvide a persuasive argument against autnmy.
语篇解读:研究表明近90%的交通事故主要是人为失误造成的。所以很多公司(如特斯拉)和政府开始制造或支持制造自动驾驶汽车,希望借此来减少交通事故。
答案及剖析:
1.C 细节理解题。从第三段中的 admits that there are prblems t vercme—the sftware needs further validatin(批准生效) and the apprpriate regulatry apprval needs t be in place.可知,特斯拉公司的问题是,他们的软件需要批准,即需要得到官方的认可与接受。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The appears cmmitted t encuraging the develpment f autnmus vehicles.可知,英国政府鼓励自动驾驶汽车的发展。
3.A 主旨大意题。从最后一段可知,保险业也在急切地帮助提升汽车驾驶的自动性,因为人为失误造成大量的交通事故,机动车投保人需要向保险公司大量索赔。
4.B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的发展以及政府对这一技术的支持等,因此本文的写作目的是介绍一项新的技术。
B
The Israeli farmers wh pineered the revlutinary technlgy knwn as drip irrigatin weren’t trying t slve ne f the wrld’s mst urgent prblems.They were just trying t survive.They lived in the desert,and they didn’t have enugh water t grw their crps.
In its simplest frm,it was little mre than a pipe with hles in it.But behind each hle was a hi-tech dripper that let ut just the right amunt f water.Snaked alng a rw f crps s that the hles were psitined directly abve the rts,the pipe culd direct each precius drp f water directly t the plants,getting a bigger harvest while using a very small amunt f water.
Over time,the farmers imprved upn the technlgy,perfecting the drippers that regulated the flw f water,and cnnecting the pipelines t cmputers that culd determine exactly hw much water each plant needed and when.
If the glbal ppulatin kept grwing,the rest f the wrld wuld increasingly resemble their little cmmunity in the desert.S they began selling their irrigatin systems in ther parts f the wrld,eventually expanding t mre than 110 cuntries.Netafirm,the cmpany says it’s lifting peple ut f pverty and cnserving water at a time when the imprtance f ding s has never been clearer.
The mass adptin f drip irrigatin wn’t save the wrld by itself.T avid the cming catastrphe,nearly everybdy will,in sme way,have t d mre with less,perhaps thrugh accepting and using ther new technlgies.Otherwise,it’s ging t get ugly.
5.Why is drip irrigatin called “the revlutinary technlgy”?
A.It saves the wrld all by itself. B.It is cntrlled by cmputers.
C.It makes irrigatin mre effective.D.It prvides deserts with water.
6.What des “ne f the wrld’s mst urgent prblems” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A.Lacking water.B.Lacking labr.C.Lacking fd. D.Lacking energy.
7.Hw des the drip irrigatin help farmers with crps?
A.By drilling hles n the pipes.B.By regulating water via drippers.
C.By snaking pipes alng the crps.D.By placing pipes just abve rts.
8.Which f the fllwing will be the best slgan fr Netafirm t sell the irrigatin systems?
A.Less water;Mre harvest. B.New technlgy;New wrld.
C.Mre grain;Less starvatin.D.Water saving;Wrld surviving.
语篇解读:本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍以色列自流滴水灌溉系统。这种系统通过电脑计算出每株植物需要的水量,然后再通过滴流器控制水,提高了水的利用率。
答案及剖析:
5.C 推理判断题。文章第四段讲述了自流滴水灌溉系统使用的重要意义。这一系统可推广到世界许多国家,使得灌溉更为有效,增加粮食产量。 故选C项。
6.A 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面两个句子They were just trying t survive.They lived in the desert,and they didn’t have enugh water t grw their crps.可知画线部分指的是缺水问题。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中 pipe culd direct each precius drp f water directly t the plants...可知,这一灌溉系统是通过滴流器控制水,故B正确。
8.A 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了这种自流滴水灌溉系统可以利用更少的水获得更大的收获。四个选项中只有A项符合这一滴水灌溉系统的特点。
Ⅱ.语法填空(2018山东枣庄二模)
The ancient wisdm f Cnfucius is timeless. His thinking 1. (influence) the Chinese fr thusands f years.Hwever, English teaching seems t be ne place 2. his wisdm is frgtten.
I came t China 6 years ag, and quickly saw the plight (困境) f s many students 3. (struggle) t learn English.They knw a lt “abut” English,
4. they never master the language. They learned far mre grammar than students in Western cultures and almst n ral training. They were made
5. (recite) sentences and passages frm their bks. Their teachers were spending 90% f the class talking t them “abut” English in Chinese.
All effective language teaching in the wrld is built 6. the basis f ral language. Students wh excel in English are thse that fllw the wisdm f Cnfucius: they use language! They use it primarily by speaking and listening,
7. (eventual) supplemented (补充) by reading and writing. Every language is taught by gaining speaking cmpetence lng befre grammar, reading and writing
8. (intrduce).
Chinese students wrk s hard.9. they learned English with crrect spken instructins and classrm practice,they wuld have the 10. (high) English scres in the wrld and they wuld cnquer English.
语篇解读:孔子的思想几千年以来一直影响着中国人,但在英语学习方面,很多人却忘记了学习语言最重要的一点,即运用语言,而这也是孔子的智慧。
答案及剖析:
1.has influenced 句意为:他的思想几千年以来一直影响着中国人。根据时间状语fr thusands f years可知应用现在完成时,表示对现在的影响或结果。由主语His thinking可知用第三人称单数,故填has influenced。
2.where 句意为:然而,英语教学似乎是一个将他的智慧忘却的领域。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词place,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
3.struggling 句意为:我六年前来到中国,很快就看到很多学生艰难学习英语的困境。设空处应用现在分词作定语修饰students,表主动,故填struggling。
4.but 句意为:他们对英语很了解,但却掌握不了这门语言。设空处前后内容为转折关系,故填but。
5.t recite 句意为:他们被要求背诵书中的句子和段落。make是使役动词,用于被动语态时其后的动词不定式要带t,故填t recite。
6.n 句意为:世界上所有有效的语言教学都是建立在口语的基础之上的。n the basis f为固定词组,意为“以……为基础”,故填n。
7.eventually 句意为:他们先是通过听说来运用它,最后通过读写来补充。设空处应用副词修饰整句话,故填eventually。
8.are intrduced 句意为:每种语言的教授都是先获得口语能力,之后再介绍语法和读写的。设空处与主语grammar,reading and writing为被动关系,故填are intrduced。
9.If 句意为:如果他们有正确的口语指导和课堂练习,他们将取得世界上最高的英语分数并攻克英语。根据句意以及句子动词的变化可知,此句为虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,主句谓语动词为“shuld/wuld/might/culd +d”。此处表示条件,故填If。
10.highest 句意见上题解析。根据设空前的the以及句意可知应用形容词的最高级,故填highest。
Ⅲ.短文改错(2018河南濮阳一模)
Last mnth,I pened the windw f ur basement t let fresh air in. Several hurs late, I shut it fr safe.The next mrning I saw a cat sitting utside and glaring me. I just ignred it. When I entered the basement again, the cat was still sitting there. Seeing me, she hit the windw wildly. I lked arund and find tw lvely small cat walking n the grund.
All f a suddenly,I understd. I shut her kids in by the mistake! I pened the windw immediately but backed ff.The mther cat entered t jin his children, and then went thrugh the windw, fllwing by the little kids.
答案:Last mnth,I pened the windw f ur basement t let fresh air in. Several hurs , I shut it fr .The next mrning I saw a cat sitting utside and glaring me. I just ignred it. When I entered the basement again, the cat was still sitting there. Seeing me, she hit the windw wildly. I lked arund and tw lvely small walking n the grund.
All f a ,I understd. I shut her kids in by mistake! I pened the windw immediately backed ff.The mther cat entered t jin children, and then went thrugh the windw, by the little kids.
剖析:放在时间段后常用副词later,表示“……之后”,常用于一般过去时;late作副词时,放在时间段后,表示“迟到多久”。根据语境可知,此处表示“几小时后”。
fr为介词,后面接名词作宾语。
glare为不及物动词,后面接宾语时,应加介词,glare at意为“盯着;瞪”。
and为并列连词,连接两个并列成分,时态应一致,此处和lked并列。
cat为可数名词,前面由tw修饰,应用复数形式。
all f a sudden为固定搭配,意为“突然”。
by mistake为固定搭配,意为“错误地”。
打开窗户和退后为顺承关系,并非转折关系。
此处指代The mther cat,且前文中用she指代,此处用形容词性物主代词作定语。
entered和went是由and连接的并列谓语,动词fllw与其之间无连接词,应用非谓语动词形式作状语。逻辑主语The mther cat与动词fllw为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。