2020版高考英语总复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions高考题型分组训练新人教版选修8

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

高考题型分组训练

阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度

(限时：25分钟)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

A group called the National Center for Fathering launched a program for American men almost 20 years ago. The program is called Watch D．O.G.S., which is_the_abbreviation_for Dads of Great Students. The program tries to get men to spend more time serving as volunteers at schools across the United States. Most of the men are fathers. But they can also be grandfathers, uncles and step­fathers.

Adam Mehmud is a volunteer at his son's school through the program “Watch D．O.G.S.”.  The program was the idea of two men, both dads.  They launched Watch D．O.G.S. after two boys, aged 13 and 11, shot and killed four people at an Arkansas school in 1998. Studies show that children generally do better in school when fathers are engaged in their day­to­day activities.

One study in 2013 found that a father's engagement can help a child succeed in school. It can also increase the child's chances of finishing high school, while reducing his or her risk of drug abuse. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported the findings.

Mehmud has been a Watch D．O.G.S.  volunteer for three years. “These days，” he says, “technology can take over a child's life.  It is harder for parents to find time to connect with their children. But the school day is free from video games and smartphones.” Adam Mehmud said he and other men see how interactions that may seem small can help children learn the right way to do things. “I see my sons do very thoughtful things, and hopefully part of the reason for that is because I try to do things for others, too，” Mehmud said.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了美国的一个项目——Watch D．O.G.S.，鼓励父亲在子女的学校做志愿者，并阐述了该项目带来的好处。

1．The underlined phrase “is the abbreviation for” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”．

A．stands for     B．cares for

C．leaves for    D．pays for

[解析]　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“Dads of Great Students”可知，此处D.O.G.S.是Dads of Great Students的缩写形式。由此可推出is the abbreviation for的意思是“是……的缩写”，故A项符合题意。

[答案]　A

2．What's the aim of the program Watch D．O.G.S.?

A．To help men find jobs.

B．To help teachers teach better.

C．To get men to volunteer at school.

D．To make money.

[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“The program tries to get men to spend more time serving as volunteers at schools across the United States.”可知，该项目设置的目的是让男士在学校做志愿者。故选C项。

[答案]　C

3．A father's engagement has many benefits EXCEPT ________.

A．helping children finish high school

B．preparing children for their future career

C．reducing children's risk of drug abuse

D．helping children learn the right way to do things

[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“can help a child succeed in school”，“increase the child's chances of finishing high school”和“reducing his or her risk of drug abuse”以及第四段中的“can help children learn the right way to do things”可知，A、C、D三项均是该项目带来的好处。故选B项。

[答案]　B

4．What can we infer from Mehmud's words?

A．The program is not helpful at all.

B．Parents are too busy to stay with their children.

C．Parents are the most important part in school education.

D．Children are likely to be addicted to electronic products at home.

[解析]　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段马哈茂德所说的话，特别是“But the school day is free from video games and smartphones.”可知，孩子们在家会沉溺于电子产品。故选D项。

[答案]　D

B

(2018·北京卷)

Plastic－Eating Worms

Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场) , and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.

Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.  To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.

Federica Bertocchini, co－author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon－carbon bond, is there as well，” she explains.  “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”

Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?

Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇科技类说明文，介绍了西班牙和英国的研究者最近的一项关于蜡螟虫能够分解塑料中的聚乙烯的研究。

5．What can we learn about the worms in the study?

A．They take plastics as their everyday food.

B．They are newly evolved creatures.

C．They can consume plastics.

D．They wind up in landfills.

[解析]　推理判断题。通过文章第二段的实验研究可知，这种虫子可以消耗分解塑料。故答案为C。

[答案]　C

6．According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to ________.

A．identify other means of the breakdown

B．find out the source of the enzyme

C．confirm the research findings

D．increase the breakdown speed

[解析]　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，下一步Jennifer DeBruyn要找出这种虫子分解塑料的原因所在，即这种分解酶是由这种虫子分泌的，还是由它肠道里的微生物产生的。

[答案]　B

7．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.

A．help to raise worms

B．help make plastic bags

C．be used to clean the oceans 

D．be produced in factories in future

[解析]　推理判断题。从最后一段最后一句中的in some kind of industrial process可推断出，此处是说在某种工业过程中使用这种化学物质。

[答案]　D

8．What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To explain a study method on worms.

B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.

C．To present a way to break down plastics.

D．To propose new means to keep eco－balance.

[解析]　推理判断题。根据文章内容进行推理判断，可知本文的写作目的就是为了介绍一项研究发现——蜡螟虫可以分解塑料。故答案为C。

[答案]　C

Ⅱ.七选五阅读填空

Four Reasons to Look for a Summer Job

You may have heard all kinds of negative stuff(东西) again and again about this summer's job market. __1__ But they are out there. So go for it.  If you don't land the job you want, you'll still gain something from the process.

Develop your interview skills. The more jobs you apply for, the better you'll get at interviewing. __2__ It helps with everything from getting into college to landing a full­time job when the time comes.

Get better at dealing with rejection. __3__ Rejection is a fact of life, and there's no denying(否认) that it can be hard to handle. The good news is that the more we face rejection and learn to deal with the feelings that go with it, the easier it becomes to get past the hurt and bounce back.

__4__ Did you take a job that wasn't your first choice? You might discover a new skill or interest you never knew you had. Get offered the perfect job? Feel your self­esteem soar(急升)! And if nothing works out? You may decide to start your own business.

Push the limits of your comfort zone. Yes, it's a lot easier to sit home doing the same stuff you always do. But going out job－hunting can push you out of that comfort zone into a whole new experience. __5__

A．Face less competition.

B．Learn something about yourself.

C．And you never know what you may find.

D．You have nothing to lose and lots to gain.

E．It's unlikely to get the first job you interview for.

F．It is true that jobs for teenagers can be tough to find.

G．Learning how to come across well in an interview is a skill you'll use forever.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者列举了建议青少年暑期作兼职的四个理由。

1．[解析]　根据空前的“all kinds of negative stuff(东西)”及空后的“But they are out there.”可知，前后句之间存在转折关系，故F项符合语境。

[答案]　F

2．[解析]　根据本段的主题句“Develop your interview skills.”以及G项中的“an interview”“a skill”与“interview skills”的对应关系可知G项符合语境。

[答案]　G

3．[解析]　根据该段主题句“Get better at dealing with rejection.”以及空后内容得知，E项“第一次面试就得到工作不大可能”符合语境。

[答案]　E

4．[解析]　其余三个主题句均是祈使句，故本空也应填一个祈使句，只有A项和B项符合这个要求。再根据该段中的问句和答句可知，此处讲的是工作可以让人们了解自己，故B项符合语境。

[答案]　B

5．[解析]　根据该段主题句“Push the limits of your comfort zone.”以及关键词“a whole new experience”可知要挑战自己，尝试新事物，收获惊喜，故C项符合语境。

[答案]　C

Ⅲ.短文改错

(2018·湖南五市十校教研教改共同体联考)

Dear Tom，

Very happy to have heard you. In your last e－mail, you asked me for advices on how to travel casually in China. Now I'd like to share my opinion.

Nowadays, take China's high－speed trains is a popular way to travel. Firstly, it's fast and convenient. By the end of last year, the high－speed railways have been built in most of the cities in China, which could help people travel to different places fast than ever. Up to now, the high－speed railway network has covered the total of 22,000 kilometers. Secondly,  it's stable. In 2015,  which a Swedish man videoed surprised the whole world. She erected(竖立) a coin on the windowsill or it stood for 8 minutes. How amazing! So, buddy, why not to have a try?

Yours，

Li Hua

[答案]