2022届全国普通高中新高考考前模拟（八）英语卷含解析

这是一份2022届全国普通高中新高考考前模拟（八）英语卷含解析，共21页。试卷主要包含了选择题的作答，非选择题的作答等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022届全国普通高中新高考考前模拟
英语（八）
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
There's good news and bad news for flower fans this spring in Washington state.
Good news- The Tulip (郁金香) Festival in Skagit County plans to return for 2021 with new rules, and with reserved tickets available for Tulip Town.
Attendance will be limited at Tulip Town this year, but it is planning to open earlier and stay open later. As in any public place statewide, face coverings are required. As of March 7, the tulips were not yet blossoming in Skagit County. When they start to blossom each year depends on the weather in March, but mid-April is historically the peak for tulip blossom in the gardens and fields.
Bad news: The University of Washington in Seattle is asking people to view the cherry blossoms from home again this year in order to reduce crowding and limit the spread of COVID-19, UW Video has a live webcam overlooking the campus, and there’s a virtual tour with photos from campus that will be updated throughout the blossom season.
There are dozens of different varieties of blossoming cherry and plum trees in the Seattle area, with blossoms visible from early February until May for some.
1. What is the best time to enjoy Tulip?
A. March. B. February. C. April. D. May.
2. Which place is recommended to admire cherry blossoms?
A. Skagit County. B. Tulip Town. C. The web. D. UW campus.
3. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To inform. B. To explain. C. To persuade. D. To educate.
B
Like many Kenyans who try their hands at something earning them some extra income, Robina Bosibori and her husband had tried raising chickens in their courtyard. When they started keeping the chickens two years ago, they had hoped they would multiply, allowing them to sell eggs and chickens to their neighbors. However, with the couple being working parents, the chickens did not get the attention they deserved and at the beginning of this year, they only had 10 chickens.
Luckily, their fortunes began to change after the novel coronavirus pandemic(新冠疫情) struck and schools were closed. Not wanting the children to spend the whole day watching television, Bosibori started allocating them duties around the house and noticed that her daughter Ashleigh had developed great interest in the chickens.
Since the chickens were not doing so well at the time, Ashleigh would get emotional if any chicken died. She decided to dedicate her time to improving the conditions they were living in. She gave them water and food regularly. She also asked her parents to have the sick chickens treated. By the time she started paying attention to the chickens, there were only eight of them. But currently, the family have almost 100 chicks and chickens.
According to Ashleigh, she faced challenges at the beginning because the chickens kept falling ill and dying. In addition, the hen house was old and uncomfortable for the chickens and eggs together. She made her parents realize that the old house would waste a lot of chicken feed. Therefore, they decided to invest in a new and bigger hen house in the hope of offering better conditions for the chickens.
By spending time with the chickens, Ashleigh developed a bond with them. She believed that she had learned a lot by taking care of the chickens and the interest would carry on even after schools were reopened.
4. Why did the chickens keep dying at the beginning?
A. They were not properly attended. B. The pandemic struck suddenly.
C. A new hen house was constructed. D. Ashleigh was interested in chickens.
5. What did Ashleigh do after schools were closed?
A. She spent the whole day watching TV. B. She allocated duties around the house.
C. She took care of the chickens carefully. D. She developed a bond with her brothers.
6. What was the problem with the old hen house?
A. It stopped the sick chickens from being treated.
B. It separated hens from their eggs and chickens.
C. It provided better conditions for the chickens.
D. It wasted chicken feed and was uncomfortable.
7. What can we learn from this story?
A. East or west, home is the best. B. Hard work pays off in the end.
C. Where there’s life, there’s hope. D. Education is the key to success.
C
At 9 am on a Wednesday, Gaby Rountree waves goodbye to Mila as she is picked up to go to day care in Mexico City. “It has made her so independent, so friendly and so lovely with others,” Ms Rountree says joyfully. She shuts the front door and turns to homeschooling her two children. For Mila is not a child, but the family dog.
Schools and nurseries have been shut in Mexico for a year owing to the pandemic. But doggy day care is booming. Doggy carers offer claw-trims and let beloved pets play outdoors. “Many clients now have a home office or are worried about their dogs becoming too attached to them,” explains Montserrat, an owner of a dog day-care centre, as she strokes a tiny dog on her lap. The facility, in the rich neighbourhood, also has a camp where dogs can spend a relaxing weekend in the countryside.
Mexico's rising passion for dogs has coincided (同时发生) with falling human fertility. In the mid-1980s, a Mexican woman could expect to have four children; now, only two. In the long run, as people have grown richer and the returns to education have risen, families have shrunk. For some, a dog is a lovable substitute. The most devoted owners buy clothes and throw birthday parties for their dogs. Many restaurants welcome dogs and provide drinking water. Some restaurants even offer a full doggy menu. Parks have “doggy areas”. Pet beauty salons provide not only baths and trims but massages and acupuncture, too.
Mexico’s spoilt pets are probably enjoying the pandemic more than its locked — down kids. By one estimate, nearly two-thirds of the children have missed a year of school because of coronavirus. For mothers such as Ms Rountree doggy day care offers some relief from covid-induced hard boring work. But she will not stop worrying until her children, too, are let off the chain and back into the classroom.
8. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A. Mila is highly thought of by Ms Rountree.
B. Ms Rountree is a well-received online teacher.
C. Mila enjoys her day with other children at care center.
D. Ms Rountree’s children are well taken care of at care center.
9. What may be the reason for the doggy day care’s popularity in Mexico?
A. Dogs like to play in the center.
B. Dogs are infected with pandemic.
C. School and nurseries are closed down.
D. Many citizens have to work at home.
10. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A. How Mexico becomes richer.
B. Why Mexicans love to raise dogs.
C. How Mexicans care for their dogs.
D. Why Mexico has a declining population.
11. What's the present situation of the kids in Mexico?
A. They are about to return to school.
B. They are second to the dogs at home.
C. They have to attend their dogs at home.
D. Most of them are absent from school for a year.
D
At the start of nearly every doctor’s visit, chances are that you will be asked to get your weight measured. But many conversations around weight have become an obstacle, not a help, in the campaign to make people healthier. Doctors’ recommendations to drop pounds are still extremely common, even though using body size as a one-size-fits-all way can lead to ignorance of the complexity of an individual’s particular physiology.
Many studies have shown heavier people are at higher risk for high blood pressure, diabetes and other diseases. But the big picture is not the whole picture. Researchers have identified some fat people considered to be “metabolically healthy”. However, one interesting report published in 2016 found that unhealthy thin people were twice as likely to get diabetes as healthy fat people. Clearly, although the association between being overweight and disease is very real, individual experience can vary greatly and depends on personal physiology and behavior.
Despite such findings, among the more terrible effects of weight-central health care are the increased shame experienced by the overweight. The well-reported experience of numerous fat people is that doctors often set weight loss without examining them. Research over the past two decades has shown that health professionals have negative attitudes toward fat people. Not only that but doctors’ appointments with fat patients are shorter on average, and some refuse to see these patients at all, as the South Florida Sun Sentinel reported in 2011. Such prejudiced practices keep people from regular annual exams and prevent the detection of serious hidden conditions.
To practice evidence-based medicine, doctors should stop relying on weight alone as an indicator of health and quickly setting out weight loss to treat health diseases. Instead, doctors should focus on behavioral changes to improve health outcomes. People of all sizes are entitled to evidence-based treatments and keep them healthy.
12. What is the underlined phrase “a one-size-fits-all way” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. An alternative way. B. A temporary way.
C. A unique solution. D. A perfect solution.
13. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?
A. Each heavy individual is at higher risk for diseases.
B. Fat people are considered to be metabolically healthy.
C. Not all fat people suffer high blood pressure or diabetes.
D. Thin people were twice as likely to get diabetes as fat ones.
14. How does the author convince us of the effects of weight-central health care?
A. By listing figures. B. By quoting opinions.
C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons.
15. Which can be the best title of this passage?
A. Weight Shame. B. Weight Loss, Health gains.
C. Weight Effects. D. Only Weight Is Not Enough.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Will Covid-19 Kill the Handshake?
The handshake might date back to the 14th century, when knights and soldiers would extend their unclenched（松开的） right hands toward each other in greeting to show that they were carrying no weapons.
___16___ Or rather, its tendency for picking up and holding onto germs(细菌) from polluted surfaces, or from our own eyes or noses when we have certain illnesses. Those germs can then be transferred into the hands of the people we greet, while we can pick up their germs. We then will probably touch our own eyes or noses or mouths, potentially sickening ourselves and restarting the cycle.
Now that a novel coronavirus is spreading fast, our hands are being cast in a new, doubtful light. ___17___ And lately, the Internet has been full of suggestions for socially acceptable ways to greet each other that don't involve passing germs along unintentionally from one person to the next.
___18___ In fact, the tradition of shaking hands isn’t the only greeting to take a fresh look. A Maori tribe in New Zealand put the brakes on hongi, the traditional nose-to-nose hello. ___19___ Maybe people will stop making fun of the Hollywood air kiss, though it’s not a huge improvement health-wise.
COVID-19 is a real threat, and we shouldn't take the warning lightly. We may, indeed, need to keep our hands to ourselves for the time being. But we’re not ready to send handshake into the dustbin of history. Humans long for making a physical connection with friends. For now, perhaps, a regretful smile and nod might work as a shared acknowledgment. ___20___
A. Could we hug each other or nod?
B. Could this be the end of the handshake?
C. As we all know, shaking hands has become a habit.
D. After all, our friendly intentions were not to infect or be infected by others.
E. These days, it would seem, the potential weapon isn't a knife, but the hand itself.
F. We’re being drilled in handwashing techniques as if we were all second-graders.
G. The French have been advised to abandon the familiar kiss on the cheek greeting.

第二部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible. Trujillo, however, is an aerospace ___21___ who leads a team at the NASA laboratory ___22___ for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover (火星探测器).
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to ___23___ exploring it? That's a tale of ___24___ written in the stars.
Born in 1983, even as a young girl Trujillo was ___25___ of her passion for science. But she doubted how far she'd be able to ___26___ in a male-dominated field. Then her dad offered to send her to Miami. Only 17 at the time, she ___27___ the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping ___28___ to put herself through Miami Dade College. Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her ___29___. But she didn’t ___30___ “ saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.”
Then came another life-changing moment. She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的) woman to be ___31___ to the NASA Academy. Later, she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
This February, when the Perseverance rover ___32___ on the surface of Mars, it was ___33___ by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language ___34___.
Trujillo’s own story is ___35___ that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
21. A. astronaut B. pilot C. engineer D. guide
22. A. eager B. responsible C. concerned D. grateful
23. A. actually B. hardly C. precisely D. repeatedly
24. A. innocence B. kindness C. perseverance D. sympathy
25. A. certain B. tolerant C. afraid D. fond
26. A. respond B. rise C. invest D. apply
27. A. made up B. turned up C. picked up D. took up
28. A. measures B. activities C. jobs D. courses
29. A. studies B. purchases C. recreations D. trips
30. A. skip B. panic C. reform D. complain
31. A. applied B. admitted C. assigned D. introduced
32. A. originated B. sank C. landed D. waited
33. A. accompanied B. restricted C. enhanced D. teased
34. A. theory B. broadcast C. criticism D. performance
35. A. enterprise B. information C. competence D. proof

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）
第二部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Before discovering electricity, people relied on fire as a source of light. It was a troublesome business ___36___ fires can lead to disaster. Making fire dependable was so difficult that lights on moving vehicles were ___37___(hard) ever considered.
The early trains ___38___(travel) only during the day. The tracks were too dangerous during dark nights, and passengers also wanted to see ___39___ they were traveling anyway. In the late 1830s, railroad traffic became so heavy that freight trains(货运火车) had to put off passenger trains. ___40___(avoid) these put-offs, railroads started running freight trains at night. Horatio Allen’s 1831 ___41___(invent), the “Track illuminator(照明器),” was suddenly in demand. It was a pile of special wood ___42___(burn) in an iron grate that sat in a box of sand on a platform car, which was pushed ahead ___43___ the train. The illuminator did not cast much light, but it warned of an approaching train.
In 1851, the first ___44___(electricity) headlamp was developed. Russia ran the first train ___45___ was equipped with a battery-powered one.

第三部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，为了激发学生的英语学习兴趣，上周五你班举行了英语诗歌创作大赛。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 赛前准备（了解诗歌形式等）；
2. 比赛情况（作品展示，比赛结果等）；
3. 活动效果。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
An English Poetry Writing Competition
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Henry returned home on the evening of February 3,2018, teary-eyed and exhausted. The 33-year-old professional photographer had just run from one end of Hawaii’s Waimea Bay(夏威夷威美亚湾) to the other while wildly scanning the water to look for his “baby”, but in vain. By then, night had started to fall.
At home, Henry took his search online. “I was surfing tonight and lost my baby,” he wrote on Facebook. That “baby” was a blue surfboard that had been made for him. Hours earlier, the crash of a big wave had separated Henry from this prized possession.
“I caught the biggest waves of my life on that board,” Henry later said. “That’s why it means so much to me.” He hoped it would wash ashore and that whoever spotted it would have also seen his Facebook post. But the currents of Waimea Bay swept it out to sea, away from the Hawaiian Islands.
Weeks passed with no sign of the surfboard, so he saved for months and decided to buy a new one.
But Henry never completely forgot about the board, which- six months after and more than 5,000 miles away from where it disappeared-floated by the remote island of Sarangani in the southern Philippines(菲律宾). The local fisherman found it and sold the board to Bran. He was a teacher in a poorly-equipped elementary school, and hoped to learn to surf and one day share the skill with his students. He bought Henry’s surfboard for $40.
The once-blue board had faded to a pale straw color during its journey, but its distinctive markings were still there. Underneath the markings were the words “Henry, Hawaii.” Realizing how far the surfboard had traveled, Bran was astonished. He was searching for relevant information on the Internet when Henry’s post caught his attention.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按照如下格式在答题卡的相位位置作答。
Bran contacted Henry online and sent him photos of the board.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the school supplies and the new surfboard, Henry went to Bran’s school.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（新高考）此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号

2022届高考考前冲刺卷
英语（八）答案
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
【答案】1-3 CCA
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要告诉华盛顿州的花迷们有关赏花的好消息和坏消息。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When they start to blossom each year depends on the weather in March, but mid-April is historically the peak for tulip blossom in the gardens and fields. (每年郁金香何时开始开花取决于三月的天气，但从历史上看，四月中旬是花园和田野郁金香开花的高峰期)”可知，欣赏郁金香最好的时间是四月份。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The University of Washington in Seattle is asking people to view the cherry blossoms from home again this year in order to reduce crowding and limit the spread of COVID-19, UW Video has a live webcam overlooking the campus, and there's a virtual tour with photos from campus that will be updated throughout the blossom season. (西雅图的华盛顿大学今年再次要求人们在家里观赏樱花，以减少拥挤和限制COVID-19的传播，UW视频有一个俯瞰校园的实时网络摄像头，还有一个虚拟的参观，里面有校园照片，整个花季都会更新)”可知，人们被要求在家里通过网上视频和图片来欣赏樱花，也就是建议人们在网络上赏樱花。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“There’s good news and bad news for flower fans this spring in Washington state. (对今年春天华盛顿州的花迷们来说，有好消息也有坏消息)”接着介绍了好消息和坏消息分别是什么，所以本文主要就是告诉，通知一些消息的。故选A。
【答案】4-7 ACDB
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对肯尼亚家庭的夫妻由于工作忙碌疏于对鸡群的照顾，使得小鸡的数量大大减少。他们的女儿Ashleigh却在学校停课后对小鸡们产生了感情，并对它们悉心照顾，从而逐渐增加了小鸡的数量，为家庭带来了收益。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“the chickens did not get the attention they deserved and at the beginning of this year, they only had 10 chickens.（这些鸡没有得到应有的关注，今年年初，他们只有10只鸡。）”可知，因为在最初的时候没有得到恰当的照料，所以才导致小鸡们持续的死掉。故选A项。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“She decided to dedicate her time to improving the conditions they were living in. She gave them water and food regularly.（她决定把时间花在改善他们的生活条件上。她定期给他们水和食物。）”可知，Ashleigh在学校关闭之后，把时间都用来照顾小鸡们。故选C项。
6. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“the hen house was old and uncomfortable for the chickens（鸡舍又旧又不舒服）”和“She made her parents realize that the old house would waste a lot of chicken feed.（她使她的父母意识到那座老鸡舍会浪费很多饲料。）”可知，老鸡舍的存在的问题是不舒服和浪费饲料。故选D项。
7. 推理判断题。A. East or west, home is the best.金窝银窝不如自己的草窝；B. Hard work pays off in the end.努力工作终有回报；C. Where there’s life, there’s hope.有生命必有希望；D. Education is the key to success.教育是成功的关键。文章讲述了主人公Ashleigh通过自己的努力，对小鸡们悉心照顾，从而大大增加了小鸡的数量，也从中学到了很多道理，并为家庭带来了收益。她的经历告诉我们努力工作终将得到回报。故选B项。
【答案】8-11 ADBD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在墨西哥，人们对宠物尤其是狗的宠爱和热情如日剧增，狗狗日托中心蓬勃发展。
8. 推理判断题。根据第一段中““It has made her so independent, so friendly and so lovely with others,” Ms Rountree says joyfully. (“这让她变得如此独立，如此友好，与他人相处如此可爱，”Rountree女士高兴地说)”可知，这是Rountree女士对她的狗Mila的正面、积极的评价，所以可推知Rountree女士高度赞扬她的狗Mila，故选A。
9. 推理判断题。根据第二段中““Many clients now have a home office or are worried about their dogs becoming too attached to them,” explains Montserrat, an owner of a dog day-care centre, as she strokes a tiny dog on her lap. (Montserrat是一家狗狗日托中心的老板，她一边抚摸着膝盖上的一只小狗，一边解释说：“现在很多客户都有了家庭办公室，或者担心他们的狗对他们过于依赖”)”可知，很多人需要在家里工作，或者避免狗狗对自己过于依赖，所以会把狗送到狗狗日托中心，这样就使得狗狗日托很受欢迎。由此推知，许多人不得不在家工作是墨西哥狗狗日托中心蓬勃发展的原因。故选D。
10. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Mexico's rising passion for dogs has coincided(同时发生) with falling human fertility. In the mid-1980s,a Mexican woman could expect to have four children; now, only two. In the long run, as people have grown richer and the returns to education have risen, families have shrunk. For some, a dog is a lovable substitute. (墨西哥对狗的热情与日俱增，同时人类的生育力在下降。在20世纪80年代中期，一名墨西哥妇女可能会有四个孩子；现在，只有两个。从长远来看，随着人们越来越富有，教育回报率上升，家庭规模缩小。对有些人来说，狗是可爱的替代品)”可知，本段主要介绍了为什么墨西哥人喜欢养狗，故选B。
11. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By one estimate, nearly two-thirds of the children have missed a year of school because of coronavirus. (据估计，近三分之二的儿童因冠状病毒而缺课一年)”可知，现在，大多数墨西哥儿童缺课一年了，故选D。
【答案】12-15 DCCD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。如今许多医生将体重看作衡量一个人是否健康的标准，尽管许多研究表明，体重较重的人患高血压、糖尿病和其他疾病的风险更高，但是有报告称不健康的瘦人患糖尿病的可能性是健康的胖子的两倍。文章说明了以体重为中心的医疗保健中心对人们的不良影响，指出医生应该停止仅仅依靠体重作为健康指标，并迅速将减肥作为治疗健康疾病的手段。
12. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“At the start of nearly every doctor’s visit, chances are that you will be asked to get your weight measured.(在几乎每一个医生就诊的开始，都有可能要求你测量体重)”；“Doctors’ recommendations to drop pounds are still extremely common, even though using body size as”以及后文“can lead to ignorance of the complexity of an individual’ s particular physiology”可知，医生的减肥建议是使用体型判断一个人是否健康，但这可能会导致忽视个人特殊生理的复杂性，可推测医生是将使用体型来判断一个人体重是否正常视为一个完美的解决方案。画线词意思为“一个完美的解决方案”。故选D。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Many studies have shown heavier people are at higher risk for high blood pressure, diabetes and other diseases. But the big picture is not the whole picture. Researchers have identified some fat people considered to be “metabolically healthy”. However, one interesting report published in 2016 found that unhealthy thin people were twice as likely to get diabetes as healthy fat people. Clearly, although the association between being overweight and disease is very real, individual experience can vary greatly and depends on personal physiology and behavior. (许多研究表明，体重较重的人患高血压、糖尿病和其他疾病的风险更高。但大局并不是全貌。研究人员已经确认了一些被认为“新陈代谢健康”的肥胖人群。然而，2016年发表的一份有趣的报告发现，不健康的瘦人患糖尿病的可能性是健康的胖子的两倍。显然，虽然超重和疾病之间的联系是非常真实的，但个人的经历可能会有很大的不同，这取决于个人的生理和行为)”可知，并非所有肥胖的人都患有高血压或糖尿病。故选C。
14. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Despite such findings, among the more terrible effects of weight-central health care are the increased shame experienced by the overweight. The well-reported experience of numerous fat people is that doctors often set weight loss without examining them. Research over the past two decades has shown that health professionals have negative attitudes toward fat people. Not only that but doctors’ appointments with fat patients are shorter on average, and some refuse to see these patients at all, as the South Florida Sun Sentinel reported in 2011. Such prejudiced practices keep people from regular annual exams and prevent the detection of serious hidden conditions.(尽管有这样的发现，在以体重为中心的医疗保健的更可怕的影响中，超重的人感到越来越羞愧。大量肥胖人士的经历被广为报道，医生经常在不检查的情况下就设定减肥计划。过去二十年的研究表明，健康专家对肥胖人士持负面态度。不仅如此，据南佛罗里达太阳哨兵报2011年的报道，医生与肥胖患者的预约时间平均要短一些，有些甚至根本不愿见这些患者。这种偏见的做法使人们无法定期进行年度检查，也无法发现严重的隐患)”可推知，作者通过举例让我们相信体重中心保健的影响。故选C。
15. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To practice evidence-based medicine, doctors should stop relying on weight alone as an indicator of health and quickly setting out weight loss to treat health diseases. Instead, doctors should focus on behavioral changes to improve health outcomes. People of all sizes are entitled to evidence-based treatments and keep them healthy.(要实践循证医学，医生应该停止仅仅依靠体重作为健康指标，并迅速将减肥作为治疗健康疾病的手段。相反，医生应该关注行为上的改变，以改善健康结果。各种体型的人都有权接受循证治疗并保持健康)”结合文章说明了如今许多医生将体重看作衡量一个人是否健康的标准，尽管许多研究表明，体重较重的人患高血压、糖尿病和其他疾病的风险更高，但是有报告称不健康的瘦人患糖尿病的可能性是健康的胖子的两倍。文章说明了以体重为中心的医疗保健中心对人们的不良影响，指出医生应该停止仅仅依靠体重作为健康指标，并迅速将减肥作为治疗健康疾病的手段。可知，D选项“健不健康关看体重是不够的”最符合文章标题。故选D。

【答案】16-20 EFBGD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要针对新冠肺炎是否终结握手礼仪提出了自己的看法。
16. 第一段主要讲述握手的历史可能始于14世纪，空句后的句意：或者更确切地说，我们的手容易从被污染的表面沾到或者附着到细菌，或者当我们生病时，从我们的眼睛或者鼻子上沾到细菌。故空句应该是与手有关，同时E项中的These days和the 14th century相呼应，第二段or rather是承接空句来的，应该是对空句的解释。故选E项。
17. 从空句后的句子：“最近，网上到处是建议，建议人们用大众可接受的、不会导致病毒在不经意间人传人的方式相互问候。”可知人们握手后担心沾染到病菌，因此“我们就像小学二年级的孩子一般，被迫练习洗手的技巧”来避免沾染细菌，前后句意相衔接。
18. 从后句句意“握手礼仪并非唯一一个受到新的审视的问候方式。”可知B项“这会不会是握手礼仪的终结？”正确。
19. 本段都是在举例说明受到新的审视的问候方式。G项“法国人被建议放弃熟悉的亲吻脸颊的问候方式。”也是举例。故选G。
20. 上句句意：“或许，就目前而言，面带遗憾的微笑和点头能够可能是一种共同的认可。”可知下句“毕竟，我们的友好意图并不是去感染别人，也不是被别人感染。”符合句意。

第二部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
【答案】21-25 CBACA 26-30 BDCAD 31-35 BCABD
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Trujillo作为一位女性，靠着努力和毅力一步步成为了美国宇航局的工程师的故事。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Trujillo是一名航空航天工程师，她领导着美国宇航局实验室的一个团队，负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。A. astronaut宇航员；B. pilot飞行员；C. engineer工程师；D. guide指导；向导。根据下文“Later, she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.”可知她成为美国宇航局工程师，所以此处 表示她是航天“工程师”，故选C。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. eager渴望的；B. responsible负责任的；C. concerned担心的；D. grateful感激的。此空是前面laboratory的后置定语，根据句意以及选项意思，可知此处表示的是这个实验室的职责，be responsible for“负责……”，故选B。
23. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo是如何从只是梦想着宇宙变成真正的探索宇宙的呢？A. actually事实上；B. hardly几乎不；C. precisely准确地；D. repeatedly重复地。此空对应了此句中的“dreaming about”，要表示的是“从梦想变成了现实”，在现实中真正的探索宇宙。故选A。
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是一个写在星空中的有关毅力的故事。A. innocence无辜；无罪；B. kindness善良；C. perseverance毅力；D. sympathy同情。根据文章开头“For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible.”可知对于一个女孩要进入美国宇航局工作是非常难的一件事，而这位女孩做到了，结合选项，所以此处表达她的整个经历是一个关于毅力和坚持的故事。当然通读文章，下文对于女孩故事的介绍，也可知道她的成长经历是一个有关毅力的故事，故选C。
25. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo出生于1983年，尽管她还是个小女孩，但她肯定自己对科学的热情。A. certain确信的；B. tolerant容忍的；宽容的；C. afraid害怕的；担心的；D. fond 喜爱的。根据上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to ___23___ exploring it?”可知她一直梦想着探索宇宙，结合此句中的even，所以此处表达甚至在她还很小时，就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱，故选A。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她不确定自己在一个男性主导的领域地位能提高多少。A. respond回应；B. rise上升；地位提高；C. invest投资；投入；D. apply申请；应用。根据空后“in a male-dominated field”在男性主导的领域，结合句意以及选项，可知此处表达在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道的努力和坚持让自己能走多远，地位能提高多少，故选B。
27. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当时只有17岁，她接受了这个提议。A. made up编造；B. turned up出现；调大；C. picked up捡起；学会；D. took up接受（建议或主意）；占据。上文“Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.”她爸爸提出送她去迈阿密，下文“Trujillo took a series of housekeeping ___28___ to put herself through Miami Dade College.”提到她去迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示，她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo做了一系列家务活，让自己读完了迈阿密戴德学院。A. measures措施；B. activities活动；C. jobs工作；D. courses课程。根据空前定语housekeeping，以及此句句意，可知，此处表达她给别人做家务活，也就是通过家务工作，挣钱让自己完成学业，故选C。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时她打扫浴室以帮助她完成学业。A. studies学习；研究；B. purchases购买的东西；C. recreations休闲活动；D. trips旅行。上题分析提到她做家务帮助她读完大学，结合选项，所以此处表示她打扫浴室帮助她完成学业，故选A。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她没有抱怨，她把一切都看成是一个机会。A. skip略过；B. panic惊慌；C. reform改革；D. complain抱怨。上题分析中提到为了完成学业，她要做家务，打扫浴室，此句用到转折词“but”，以及空后“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity”她把遇到的一切都当作机会，所以此处表达，尽管学习完成不易，但是她不抱怨，故选D。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她成为第一个被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙女性。A. applied申请；应用；B. admitted承认；准许……进入；C. assigned分配；分派；D. introduced介绍。上文“Then came another life-changing moment.”接着又是一个改变人生的时刻，所以此处表示她被美国宇航局学院录取，这是它人生的转折点，be admitted to“被……录取”，故选B。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年2月，当“毅力号”火星车在火星表面着陆时，美国宇航局同时广播了Trujillo的解说，这是首次西班牙语的播报。A. originated起源；B. sank下沉；C. landed降落；着陆；D. waited等待。根据此空的主语，空后地点状语以及选项，可知此处表示的是“毅力号”在火星表面着陆，故选C。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. accompanied陪伴；伴随；B. restricted限制；C. enhanced增强；D. teased取笑；戏弄。结合上题分析以及句意和选项，可知此处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语的解说，故选A。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：参见第32题。A. theory理论；B. broadcast广播节目；C. criticism批评；D. performance表演；表现。结合上面两题分析以及选项可知，“毅力号”在火星着陆时，广播播报Trujillo用西班牙语所做的解说，故选B。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo自己的故事证明，越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去接近星星的人。A. enterprise公司；B. information信息；C. competence能力；胜任；D. proof证据；证明。此空后that引导同位语从句，解释说明此空名词的内容，根据句意和选项，此处表示她的故事是一种证明，表明了越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去接近宇宙的人，故选D。

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）
第二部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
【答案】36. because/as/since/for
37. hardly
38. travelled
39. where
40. To avoid
41. invention
42. burning
43. of
44. electric
45. that
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火车上的轨道照明器使得火车能够在夜间航行，也能提醒行人有列车通过。
36. 考查状语从句。句意：这是件麻烦的事，因为火会导致灾难。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”可用because/as/since/for引导。故填because/as/since/for。
37. 考查副词。句意：要使火变得可靠是如此困难，以至于人们几乎从未考虑过移动车辆上的灯光。修饰后文动词consider应用副词，且结合句意表示“几乎不”应用hardly。故填hardly。
38. 考查动词时态。句意：早期的火车只在白天行驶。根据语境，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填travelled。
39. 考查宾语从句。句意：在黑夜里，铁轨太危险了，乘客们也想看看他们到底要去哪里。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导该从句。故填where。
40. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免这些延误，铁路开始在夜间运行货运列车。分析句子结构，可知avoid在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填To avoid。
41. 考查名词。句意：Horatio Allen 1831年的发明“轨道照明器”突然间大受欢迎。根据上文名词所有格Horatio Allen’s可知应填名词invention，结合后文was可知应填单数。故填invention。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意：那是一堆特殊的木头，在一个铁格栅里燃烧着，铁格栅放在站台车厢的一箱沙子里，被推到火车前面。分析句子结构，可知burn在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语wood构成主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填burning。
43. 考查介词。句意：那是一堆特殊的木头，在一个铁格栅里燃烧着，铁格栅放在站台车厢的一箱沙子里，被推到火车前面。结合句意表示“推到……前面”短语为push ahead of。故填of。
44. 考查形容词。句意：1851年，发明了第一个电动头灯。修饰后文名词headlamp，应用形容词electric，作定语。故填electric。
45. 考查定语从句。句意：俄罗斯运行了第一列配备电池驱动的列车。此处为定语从句修饰先行词train，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，且由序数词the first修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。

第三部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
【答案】
An English Poetry Writing Competition
To arouse our interest in English, an English poetry writing competition was organized in our classroom last Friday.
All of us made full preparations in advance. Some surfed the Internet, others went to the library to study different forms of poetry and writing techniques. During the competition, the works were presented in various ways. The vivid language left a deep impression on us. Then everyone voted on the best poems and the winners were awarded.
We thought highly of the competition, which broadened our horizons and enriched our knowledge about English poems as well.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就上周五你班举行的英语诗歌创作大赛，就其相关情况报写一篇英文报道。
1. 词汇积累
比赛：competition → contest
表现：present → show
眼界：horizon → view
提前：in advance = ahead of time
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：During the competition, the works were presented in various ways.
拓展句：During the competition, the works were presented in various ways, which let us learn the beauty of English poems.
[高分句型1] To arouse our interest in English, an English poetry writing competition was organized in our classroom last Friday. (运用了动词不定式做目的状语)
[高分句型2] We thought highly of the competition, which broadened our horizons and enriched our knowledge about English poems as well. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)

第二节（满分25分）
【答案】
Bran contacted Henry online and sent him photos of the board. The moment Henry saw the photos, despite the faded color, he recognized his “baby”. Henry was amazed to learn that his “baby” had drifted across the ocean and survived. Without delay, he reached out to Bran. Much to his surprise, Bran was also enthusiastic about surfing. The happy coincidence made him determine to buy Bran a brand-new surfboard. What surprised him most were Bran’s poor school conditions, which fueled him to help them. To convey his gratitude, Henry decided to fly to the Philippines with some backpacks and books as well as the new board.
With the school supplies and the new surfboard, Henry went to Bran’s school. On his arrival, he caught sight of Bran, with the boanl beside him. Seeing his beloved board, Henry was overjoyed to recover it. Overwhelmingly grateful, he gave Bran a big hug. Henry showed the brand-new board prepared for him and offered to teach him to surf. Later, they handed out the backpacks and books to the students, who were extremely pleased and exclaimed in delight. It dawned on Henry that every act of kindness could make a great difference and brighten the world.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Henry心爱的冲浪板在夏威夷的海滩遗失，在经过六个月的寻找之后在菲律宾的萨兰加尼岛被Bran所得到。在经过联系后，Henry前往菲律宾拿回来自己的冲浪板并且帮助了Bran。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Bran在线联系了Henry，并给他发了冲浪板的照片。”可知，第一段可描写当Henry看到冲浪板之后，一眼就认出了这是他心爱的冲浪板。当Henry看到Bran那边糟糕的条件，然后决定带上一些学习用品前往菲律宾。
②由第二段首句内容“带着学习用品和新的冲浪板，Henry去了Bran的学校。”可知，第二段可描写两个人见面后激动的心情。Henry将带来的学习用品分发给Bran的同学们，大家都非常高兴。
2. 续写线索：收到信件——Henry认出冲浪板——带上学习用品前往菲律宾——两人在学校门口见面——分发学习用品——领悟感受
3. 词类激活
行为类
①表达：convey/express
②展示：show/present
③分发：hand out/distribute
情感类
①惊讶的：amazed/surprised
②高兴的：overjoyed/ecstatic
[高分句型1] What surprised him most were Bran’s poor school conditions, which fueled him to help them. (运用了what引导的主语从句以及which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Later, they handed out the backpacks and books to the students, who were extremely pleased and exclaimed in delight. (运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)