湖南省怀化市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试试题英语含解析

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湖南省怀化市2022-2023学年
高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Museum VR Creates New Ways for Visitors to Explore
The National Museum of Natural History, Paris
Since 2018, visitors to the National Museum of Natural History have been able to enjoy a fascinating VR experience. De Realite Virtuelle was the first permanent museum room in the country dedicated to VR technology. Once they enter the room, guests enjoy a specially designed programme: Joumey into the Heart of Evolution. Here they will discover the links between species and can zoom in on different creatures to learn more.
The Renwick Gallery, Washington, D.C
Using a free app, visitors to this museum can use their own device to view the whole views of the gallery，alongside video interviews with the curator (馆长) and some of the artists. Thanks to VR technology, the works by nine leading artists are available to experience in a new way even though the physical exhibition at the museum has ended.
Peterson Automotive Museum, Los Angeles
Peterson Automotive Museum worked with Microsoft HoloLens to create a new VR exhibition. Visitors were able to interact with a classic American sports car, the Ford GT40.The HoloLens allows visitors to see the car up close. Visitors were further drawn into the experience by the addition of surround sound. While learning about the history of the cars, they could also hear the roar of the engines.
The Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Fans of the Lewis Carroll classic will be able to “travel down the rabbit hole” into a virtual space. People can join a “trip” into Wonderland without having to leave the sofa. The opening of the Alice exhibition has been postponed until March 2021 because of the pandemic. But the museum said an at-home, virtual reality event, ahead of the opening, will transport “visitors into the world of Wonderland”.
1. For visitors who are interested in biology, which museum can they choose?
A. The Renwick Gallery.
B. The National Museum of Natural History.
C. Peterson Automotive Museum.
D. The Victoria and Albert Museum.
2. What can we know from the passage?
A. Visitors to the Renwick Gallery can have face-to-face interviews with the artists.
B. Fans of the Lewis Carroll classic can travel down the rabbit hole into a real space.
C. Both the Renwick Gallery and Peterson Automotive Museum are in America.
D. Peterson Automotive Museum enables visitors to drive the car for themselves.
3. Where is this text most probably taken from?
A. A lecture.
B. A news report.
C. A film review.
D. A science magazine.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了几个使用VR技术的博物馆。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Once they enter the room, guests enjoy a specially designed programme: Joumey into the Heart of Evolution. Here they will discover the links between species and can zoom in on different creatures to learn more. (一旦他们进入房间，客人就可以享受一个特别设计的节目：Joumey into the Heart of Evolution。在这里他们将发现物种之间的联系，并可以放大不同的生物以了解更多信息。)”可知，在The National Museum of Natural History“国家自然历史博物馆”，可以了解物种之间的关系，可推测喜欢生物的可以前往这个博物馆。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二个小标题“The Renwick Gallery, Washington, D.C (伦威克画廊，华盛顿特区)”和第三个小标题“Peterson Automotive Museum, Los Angeles(彼得森汽车博物馆，洛杉矶)”可知，这两个博物馆分别在华盛顿特区和洛杉矶，故都在美国。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大标题“Museum VR Creates New Ways for Visitors to Explore (博物馆VR为游客创造新的探索方式)”可知本文介绍的是新科技VR的运用，这跟科学相关，因此可能出自科学杂志。故选D项。
B
After schools moved online a year ago because of COVID-19, Jonte Lee, a teacher in Washington, DC. was determined to make his chemistry labs interactive and accessible. He figured the way to do so was to connect to the students on social platforms.
As a result, Lee has been livestreaming (网络直播) his lessons on Instagram and Facebook, inspiring students to follow along at home. Lee’s principal suggested he livestream a lab last April. “Our thought behind it was students know how to use Instagram and Facebook,” Lee said,
Realizing that most of his students would not have access to lab equipment when they had online lessons, Lee largely uses items that can be found in most kitchens. “And if there’s something a student doesn’t have, I don’t mind shipping it to the student,” he said.
Since beginning his lessons, Lee has heard from viewers across the country about how his classes have improved their experience of attending online school. One woman told Lee she had been worried about supervising her grandchildren’s classes at home. “She was like, ‘I know nothing about science, what’s going to happen?’ and then she came across my page,” said Lee. “Stories like that really touch my heart.”
Lee also has bought and delivered backpacks, school supplies, and even Amazon Fire tablets to each of his students. Lee poured his summer school teaching salary into the endeavor, calling is an “incredible experience”. Lee’s favorite lesson described how to make ice cream in three different ways, because of how engaged his students were even after the livestream ended.
Lee plans to continue posting videos even after students go back to school in person. “As a public school teacher, I have no intention to be famous or make money. I simply want to give back to all the taxpayers that fund my salary,” said Lee. “This allowed me to be a community teacher, and not a teacher that is bound by the four walls in my classroom.”
4. What can we learn about Jonte Lee?
A. He didn’t know how to make his online classes interesting.
B. His idea was not supported by the principle in his school.
C. He mostly chose items found in kitchen for his online lessons.
D. He guided students to use Instagram and Facebook.
5. What does the underlined word “supervising” probably mean in Para.4?
A. managing
B. skipping
C. teaching
D. attending
6. What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?
A. Lee’s classes have a negative effect on people.
B. Lee’s students show no interest in his classes at all.
C. Lee plans to continue posting videos to earn money.
D. Lee’s purpose is to pay back to society as a teacher.
7. Which word can best describe Jonte Lee?
A. Cautious.
B. Determined.
C. Humorous.
D. Awkward.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了新冠网课期间，教师乔恩特·李想办法让自己的化学课很有趣并帮助学生的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Realizing that most of his students would not have access to lab equipment when they had online lessons, Lee largely uses items that can be found in most kitchens. (意识到他的大多数学生在上网课时无法使用实验室设备，李在很大程度上使用了大多数厨房里都能找到的设备。)”可知，他大多数的网课设备都是从厨房找的。故选C项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段第三句“She was like, ‘I know nothing about science, what’s going to happen?’ and then she came across my page,” said Lee. (她说，“我对科学一无所知，会发生什么？”然后她看到了我的页面，”李说。)”可知，祖父母求助于李的线上课程是因为他们自己不懂科学。由此可知，他们是在监管/照管自己的孙子孙女上科学课。划线词意为“监管，照管”，与manage同义。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段二三句他说的话“As a public school teacher, I have no intention to be famous or make money. I simply want to give back to all the taxpayers that fund my salary, (作为一名公立学校教师，我无意成名或赚钱。我只是想回馈给所有为我的薪水提供资金的纳税人)”可知，他上线上课程不是为了钱财和名利，只是为了回馈纳税人，即只是为了回馈社会。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题题。根据第一段第一句“After schools moved online a year ago because of COVID-19, Jonte Lee, a teacher in Washington, DC. was determined to make his chemistry labs interactive and accessible. (一年前，在学校因新冠肺炎而转为线上直播课后，华盛顿特区的一名教师乔恩特·李决心让他的化学实验室变得互动和方便。)”和倒数第二段的“Lee also has bought and delivered backpacks, school supplies, and even Amazon Fire tablets to each of his students. Lee poured his summer school teaching salary into the endeavor, calling is an “incredible experience”.(李还为他的每个学生购买并交付了背包、学习用品，甚至亚马逊Fire平板电脑。李将自己的暑期学校教学工资投入到这项工作中，称这是一次“难以置信的经历”)”推知，他对上好线上化学课很有决心，很坚决。故选B项。
C
Our cities have never been denser, taller, or busier than they are now, and with that comes the constant battle for land. But if we look at images of any city center, we can quickly spot plenty of unused space-the rooftops. What can we use this precious resource for?
In many cities, it is dedicated to recreation like bars and pools. But when a rooftop offers access to sunlight, there are two more choices for its use-agriculture and solar power.
Green roofs have been growing in popularity for more than a decade, and in some cases growing in scale too. They can provide a habitat for birds and insects in an otherwise unfriendly environment. They are also used to keep the building cool and decrease storm water runoff. Green roofs come with the added benefit of reducing the terrible urban heat island effect, whereby, as a result of heat-absorbing materials like asphalt(沥青)and concrete, cities can be several degrees warmer than the surrounding cntryside. In contrast, trees and green spaces can absorb shortwave radiation, and use it to evaporate(蒸发)water from their leaves a kind of double cooling effect.
As food security and urban nutrition creep ever-higher on the agenda for the United Nations, there’s also a worldwide movement of using green roofs for food production. In regions with suitable climates, hundreds of different vegetables, fruits, herbs and salad leaves can be grown on rooftops. Beehives and chicken nests are also becoming commonplace amongst the high-rises.
With so many cities now stopping using fossil fuels, and the cost of solar panels dropping dramatically, PV(光伏)systems have become a good option to produce electricity. The US National Renewable Energy Laboratory have estimated that rooftop PV systems could generate almost 40% of the electricity demands nationwide.
However, the use of rooftops for food production could have higher local value than solar PV energy production, according to a recent paper by some US researchers focusing on the rooftops of a mixed-use neighborhood in Lisbon. Of course, in another city, you may come to exactly the opposite conclusion.
8. Why does the author raise a question in the first paragraph?
A. To invite readers to answer it.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To show off his knowledge.
D. To explain what green rooftop is.
9. What is the benefit of city green rooftops?
A. Providing habitats for all animals.
B. Increasing storm water runoff.
C. Keeping the building warm.
D. Relieving the urban heat island effect.
10. Which of the following is Not True?
A. Cities can be several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside.
B. Green roofs are used for food production all over the world.
C. Rooftop PV systems could generate 40% of the electricity demands in the US.
D. Using rooftops for food production has higher value than solar PV energy production.
11. What is probably the best title?
A. The Rise of Green Rooftop
B. The Benefits of the Urban Rooftop
C. The Advantage of PV Energy System
D. The Reason for Urban Rooftop’s Popularity
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. D 11. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了绿色屋顶的兴起带给城市很多方面的便利。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据上文“we can quickly spot plenty of unused space-the rooftops(我们就能很快发现大量未使用的空间-屋顶)”以及后面段落都在讲述绿色屋顶这一话题，可知第一段要引入绿色屋顶这一话题，因此第一段提出问题的目的就是要引入主题，故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Green roofs come with the added benefit of reducing the terrible urban heat island effect(绿色屋顶还带来一个额外的好处，那就是缓解可怕的城市热岛效应)”可知，城市的绿色屋顶能减轻城市热岛效应，故选D 项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Of course, in another city, you may come to exactly the opposite conclusion.(当然，在另一个城市可能会得出完全相反的结论)”，可知本段第一句论断“However, the use of rooftops for food production could have higher local value than solar PV energy production(利用屋顶生产食物，其对本地的价值远远高于太阳能光伏发电或标准的绿色屋顶)”仅在部分城市是成立的，换一个城市未必成立，D 项表达不成立，故选D 项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But if we look at images of any city center, we can quickly spot plenty of unused space-the rooftops. What can we use this precious resource for(但如果我们看看任何一个城市中心的鸟瞰图，我们就能很快发现大量未使用的空间——屋顶)”可知，第一段引入了绿色屋顶这一话题，第二段讲述了绿色屋顶的兴起，后面段落详细介绍了绿色屋顶给城市带来的便利，最后一段提到了绿色屋顶的效益因地而异。综上可以判断本文主要讲述了绿色屋顶的兴起，故选A 项。
D
A burger shop called the No Brand Burger in the South Korean capital is a bit different from typical fast-food restaurants: Its key staff are robots. From order to pick-up, customers don’t need a single face-to-face interaction. All they need to do is to click the menu they want on a kiosk (售货亭) touchscreen, pay and wait for a serving robot to bring their takeout bag to the pick-up spot.
While waiting for their food, customers take photos or stare with curiosity at the capsule-shaped robots, which remind people of the popular characters from the animated film “Despicable Me.” The yellow and black colors of the No Brand Burger restaurant also give the place the look of a toy shop. “This is the first time I’ve actually seen such robots, so they are really amazing and fun,” said Shin Hyun Soo, a 31-year-old office worker trying out the service.
The human staff do have a role to play, the restaurant’s manager Bae explained, adding toppings to the cooked ingredients before wrapping them and passing them over to a robot to serve. “The customer can take the food without any direct contact with the staff,” Bae said.
Before Monday, South Korea had for the last few weeks allowed restaurants to provide only deliveries and takeout meals after 9 p.m. In August, takeout orders accounted for 58% of No Brand Burger’s total sales, up by 16% from July, according to Shinsegae Food, the South Korean food company that operates No Brand Burger.
No Brand Burger isn’t the only local restaurant using robots to serve customers. South Korea’s major IT company KT has partnered with the family restaurant chain Mad for Garlic to provide Al serving robots.
Using 3-D space mapping and other technology, the robot can freely move through the narrow lanes between tables and avoid obstacles to reach its destination, said Lee Youngjin, team leader of AI Platform Business Team at KT. The robot can serve up to four tables per trip. “Children customers often like to see the robot. Also, customers in general feel it is fresher to receive their food through the robot because of the COVID-19,” said Lee Young-ho, the manager of one Mad for Garlic restaurant using the robots.
12. Why is the No Brand Burger restaurant so special?
A. Because most staff are robots.
B. Because it employs no human staff.
C. Because its colors are yellow and white.
D. Because it is also a toy shop.
13. What is Shin Hyun Soo’s attitude towards the robots?
A. Uninterested. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral
14. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Most restaurants use robots to serve customers now.
B. It is no use having human staff in the restaurant.
C. Most customers show no interest in serving robots.
D. Robots brings greater profits for No Brand Burger.
15. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. New technology helps change the world.
B. Serving robots bring a lot of advantages.
C. AI robots serve restaurants in South Korea.
D. Restaurants use robots to attract customers.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了韩国首都首尔一家名为No Brand burger的汉堡店用机器人作员工。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A burger shop called the No Brand Burger in the South Korean capital is a bit different from typical fast-food restaurants: Its key staff are robots.(在韩国首都首尔，一家名为No Brand burger的汉堡店与一般的快餐店有点不同：它的主要员工都是机器人。)”可知，无牌汉堡店如此特别是因为大多数员工都是机器人。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘This is the first time I’ve actually seen such robots, so they are really amazing and fun,’ said Shin Hyun Soo, a 31-year-old office worker trying out the service.(31岁的办公室职员Shin Hyun Soo正在试用这项服务，她说：“这是我第一次真正看到这样的机器人，它们真的很神奇，也很有趣。”)”可推知，申铉秀对机器人持积极态度。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“In August, takeout orders accounted for 58% of No Brand Burger’s total sales, up by 16% from July, according to Shinsegae Food, the South Korean food company that operates No Brand Burger.(据经营No Brand Burger的韩国食品公司新世界食品称，8月份，外卖订单占No Brand Burger总销售额的58%，较7月份增长了16%。)”可推知，机器人为No Brand Burger带来了更大的利润。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了韩国首都首尔一家名为No Brand burger的汉堡店用机器人作员工，机器人为No Brand Burger带来了更大的利润，由此可知，本文的主要内容是人工智能机器人在韩国的餐馆服务。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Get a Healthy Home
Most of us have spent more time recently at home than we ever imagined possible. Maybe you took the opportunity to clean, or maybe you plan to do it...tomorrow.____16____
Think about keeping your home clean the minute you walk in.____17____ A University of Arizona study found that the average shoe harbors nearly 421,000 different bacteria and cleaning chemicals can also get tracked into your home via your shoes. Leave a pair of slippers by the front door. It also makes sense to use some alcohol to freshen your sheets and smelly gym clothes.
Even if you think you’ve disinfected everything, you might have overlooked some small items like the toothbrush holder .____18____Another thing you should pay attention to is the kitchen sponges (海绵).As they may carry large quantities of bacteria, they’ve been banned from restaurant kitchens.
____19____The gold standard is a high-efficiency air filter. The Department of Energy requires that they remove 99.97 percent of pollutants and particles in the air. Portable filters can clean a single room or the entire house. Filters may cost you some money, but there are cheaper ways to clean the air-start by opening a window. Indoor air can have two to five times more pollutants than outdoor air.
Many viruses don’t spread as well in wet air as they do in the cold, dry months.____20____However, cool-mist humidifiers (增湿器) can harbor bacteria if they aren’t cleaned regularly. Old-fashioned steam humidifiers are the best. But too much humidity can worsen some problems and encourage the growth of dust mites (螨虫) and mold．The ideal humidity level, especially for sleeping，is 40 to 60 percent.
A. Take off your shoes at your door.
B. Freshen the walls up with a new paint.
C. Don’t forget to clean the air in your home too.
D. The following is what to do to help keep you energetic.
E. Wash it daily and run it through the dishwasher regularly.
F. One easy solution for the winter is to use a humidifier.
G. These tips can help make your home better for your body and your mind.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. F
【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章就如何拥有一个清洁健康的家给出了一些建议。
【16题详解】
上文“Most of us have spent more time recently at home than we ever imagined possible. Maybe you took the opportunity to clean, or maybe you plan to do it...tomorrow.(我们大多数人最近呆在家里的时间比我们想象的要多。也许你抓住了打扫的机会，或者你计划明天再打扫。)”提出我们呆在家里的时间很多，所以家需要打扫，下文第二、三、四和五段分别就如何进行打扫给出了具体建议。G项“These tips can help make your home better for your body and your mind.(这些建议可以帮助你把你的家变得更适合你的身体和精神。)”承上启下，句中“These tips”引出下文，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【17题详解】
段首主题句“Think about keeping your home clean the minute you walk in.(想想从你进门的那一刻起就保持家里的清洁。)”提出进门时就开始保持家里的清洁，A项“Take off your shoes at your door.(在门口脱鞋。)”提出具体建议：门口脱鞋。下文中“the average shoe harbors nearly 421,000 different bacteria and cleaning chemicals can also get tracked into your home via your shoes (普通的鞋子里有近42.1万种不同的细菌，清洁化学物质也会通过鞋子进入你的家中)”进一步说明了进门脱鞋的必要性，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
【18题详解】
上文“Even if you think you’ve disinfected everything, you might have overlooked some small items like the toothbrush holder. (即使你认为你已经消毒了所有的东西，你也可能忽略了一些小物件，比如牙刷架。)”提出留意小物件的消毒，E项“Wash it daily and run it through the dishwasher regularly.(每天清洗，并定期将其放入洗碗机。)”承接上文，给出建议，句中“it”指代上文中“the toothbrush holder”。故选E项。
【19题详解】
设空句是段首主题句，下文“The gold standard is a high-efficiency air filter. The Department of Energy requires that they remove 99.97 percent of pollutants and particles in the air. Portable filters can clean a single room or the entire house. (黄金标准是高效空气过滤器。美国能源部要求它们去除空气中99.97%的污染物和颗粒。便携式过滤器可以清洁一个房间或整个房子。)”介绍了空气过滤器，所以本段的建议是“Don’t forget to clean the air in your home too.(别忘了清洁家里的空气。)”。故选C项。
【20题详解】
上文“Many viruses don’t spread as well in wet air as they do in the cold, dry months.(许多病毒在潮湿的空气中不像在寒冷干燥的月份那样容易传播)”提出病毒传播的特点：在寒冷干燥的月份中病毒易传播，F项“One easy solution for the winter is to use a humidifier.(冬天一个简单的解决办法就是使用加湿器。)”提出解决问题的办法：使用加湿器，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On February 12, 2019, Brendon Fontaine blew out five candles on a birthday cake covered in strawberry icing and topped with a plastic figure of his favorite character. Brendon’s____21____ came from Cakes for Kids, a group of home bakers who recognize that a simple birthday cake can be impossible for families like the Fontaines. The group was ____22____ three years ago by Christy Rogowski and her partner Wendy Singleton. “Imagining a child who wasn’t going to have a birthday cake was really ____23____,” Rogowski says. A Facebook call-out for volunteers ____24____added 150 bakers to their list, which includes people of all skill levels. When volunteers first apply, they’re asked why they want to ____25____. “Some people have said that they didn’t have a cake on their birthday growing up, and they know how ____26____ it is,” says Singleton. More commonly, though, they say they want families in need to know that their neighbors____27____ them.
The cake receivers are decided by community organizations and Winnipeg Child and Family Services, which send Rogowski and Singleton information about each kid’s interests and favorite ____28____. A child might receive a cake because of the family’s lack of____29____. Cakes also go to children living in foster care. Jodi Korolyk, a family services worker has so far ordered birthday cakes for five of the almost 800 kids in their system. “It _____30_____ the children that they have a lot of people there to _____31_____ them,” she says. “For most kids, it doesn’t really_____32_____what the cake looks like; just getting one is_____33_____ .” Korolyk sometimes arranges for parents whose children are in foster care to bring the cake to their kids themselves. “It’s a really good tool to help_____34_____a relationship between them,” she says, adding that it can also build the parents’_____35_____in her. By the end of last year, Cakes for Kids had provided over 575 cakes to mark kids’ birthdays, and the baking continues.
21. A. surprise B. anger C. sorrow D. pity
22. A. applauded B. complained C. bunded D. blamed
23. A. amazing B. upsetting C. confusing D. pleasing
24. A. hardly B. accidentally
C. frequently D. eventually
25. A. quit B. contribute C. agree D. play
26. A. important B. boring C. terrible D. complex
27. A. laugh at B. talk about C. care about D. rely on
28. A. sports B. films C. songs D. flavors
29. A. money B. water C. education D. clothes
30. A. frightens B. worries C. shows D. shocks
31. A. share B. stop C. memorize D. support
32. A. matter B. occur C. work D. exist
33. A. annoying B. exciting
C. convincing D. disappointing
34. A. change B. hurt C. promote D. accept
35. A. delight B. pride C. disbelief D. trust
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了克里斯蒂·罗戈夫斯基和她的搭档温迪·辛格尔顿建立志愿服务团队，为那些生日时无法吃到蛋糕的孩子送蛋糕的暖心之举。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布伦登的惊喜来自“儿童蛋糕”（Cakes for Kids），这是一群家庭烘焙师，他们认识到，对于方丹这样的家庭来说，简单的生日蛋糕是不可能的。A. surprise惊喜；B. anger生气；C. sorrow悲伤；D. pity遗憾。根据上文“On February 12, 2019, Brendon Fontaine blew out five candles on a birthday cake covered in strawberry icing and topped with a plastic figure of his favorite character.(2019年2月12日，布伦登·方丹在一块覆盖着草莓糖霜的生日蛋糕上吹灭了五根蜡烛，蛋糕上放着他最喜欢的人物的塑料雕像)”可知，布伦登·方丹吃到了生日蛋糕，吹了生日蜡烛，这对一个不太可能负担得起孩子生日蛋糕的家庭来说，确实是一个惊喜。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三年前，克里斯蒂·罗戈夫斯基和她的搭档温迪·辛格尔顿将这个团体联系起来。A. applauded欢呼；B. complained抱怨；C. bonded与之建立紧密联系；D. blamed指责。根据下文“A Facebook call-out for volunteers added 150 bakers to their list, which includes people of all skill levels. (Facebook的志愿者号召最终将150名面包师加入他们的名单，其中包括各种技能水平的人)”可知，这个团队召集了很多志愿者假如，故使志愿者们建立起紧密联系，形成这个队伍。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“想象一个孩子吃不到生日蛋糕，真的让人心烦，”罗戈夫斯基说。A. amazing令人大为惊叹的；B. upsetting令人心烦意乱的；C. confusing令人疑惑的；D. pleasing令人开心的。根据上文“Brendon’s came from Cakes for Kids, a group of home bakers who recognize that a simple birthday cake can be impossible for families like the Fontaines. (布伦登的惊喜来自“儿童蛋糕”（Cakes for Kids），这是一群家庭烘焙师，他们认识到，对于方丹这样的家庭来说，简单的生日蛋糕是不可能的)”可知，罗戈夫斯基建立团队，为不能吃到生日蛋糕的孩子送蛋糕，可推测得知有孩子因为贫穷无法享受生日蛋糕，他的内心很不好受。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Facebook的志愿者号召最终将150名面包师加入他们的名单，其中包括各种技能水平的人。A. hardly几乎不；B. accidentally意外地；C. frequently频繁地；D. eventually最终。根据下文“When volunteers first apply, they’re asked why they want to (当志愿者第一次申请时，他们会被问到为什么他们想做出贡献)”可知，这些志愿者先申请，可能还会筛选，因此150进入的志愿者是最终入选的。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当志愿者第一次申请时，他们会被问到为什么他们想做出贡献。A. quit放弃；B. contribute贡献；C. agree同意；D. play玩。根据上文“When volunteers first apply (当志愿者第一次申请时)”可知，这些会做蛋糕的人假加入团体做志愿者工作，本身就是一种贡献。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“有些人说，他们成长时的生日没有蛋糕，他们知道蛋糕有多重要，”辛格尔顿说。A. important重要的；B. boring无聊的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. complex复杂的。根据上文“Imagining a child who wasn’t going to have a birthday cake was really upsetting (想象一个孩子吃不到生日蛋糕，真的让人心烦)”可知，大多数人认为生日蛋糕对过生日的孩子而言，很重要。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：不过，更常见的情况是，他们说他们希望有需要的家庭知道他们的邻居关心他们。A. laugh at嘲笑；B. talk about讨论；C. care about关心；D. rely on依赖。根据下文““It shows the children that they have a lot of people there to support 11 them,” she says. (这向孩子们表明，有很多人支持他们，”她说)”可知，这些志愿者之所以愿意做出贡献，是为了告诉孩子们有人支持他们， 即有人关心他们。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：蛋糕接收者由社区组织和温尼伯儿童和家庭服务机构决定，他们向罗戈夫斯基和辛格尔顿发送有关每个孩子兴趣和喜爱口味的信息。A. sports运动；B. films电影；C. songs歌曲；D. flavors口味。根据本文“The cake receivers (蛋糕接收者)”可知，是收到蛋糕的人的信息会发送给罗戈夫斯基和辛格尔顿。由此推知，这信息肯定是跟蛋糕有关，极有可能是蛋糕想要是什么口味的。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为家里缺钱的孩子可能会收到蛋糕。A. money钱；B. water水；C. education教育；D. clothes衣服。根据上文“Brendon’s surprise came from Cakes for Kids, a group of home bakers who recognize that a simple birthday cake can be impossible for families like the Fontaines. (布伦登的惊喜来自“儿童蛋糕”（Cakes for Kids），这是一群家庭烘焙师，他们认识到，对于方丹这样的家庭来说，简单的生日蛋糕是不可能的)”可知，罗戈夫斯基建立团队是为了给无法购买生日蛋糕费用家庭的孩子送去蛋糕。由此可知，这些家庭缺钱。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这向孩子们表明，有很多人支持他们，”她说。A. frightens使害怕；B. worries使担心；C. shows展示；D. shocks使震惊。根据下文“they have a lot of people there to them (有很多人支持他们)”可知，很多孩子收到了送的蛋糕，而“送蛋糕”这个行为与“有很多人支持他们”之间存在联系，即“送蛋糕”这个行为能向孩子们展示他人的支持和爱。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这向孩子们表明，有很多人支持他们，”她说。A. share分享；B. stop停止；C. memorize回忆；D. support支持。根据上文“More commonly, though, they say they want families in need to know that their neighbors care about them. (不过，更常见的情况是，他们说他们希望有需要的家庭知道他们的邻居关心他们)”可知，这种“送蛋糕的行为”向孩子们展现了他人的关心，即支持。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于大多数孩子来说，蛋糕是什么样子并不重要；只要得到一个就很令人兴奋。A. matter要紧；B. occur发生；C. work工作；D. exist存在。根据下文“what the cake looks like (蛋糕是什么样子的)”可知，对这些孩子买不起蛋糕的孩子而言，能有一个蛋糕足以让他们开心，因此蛋糕的样子不要紧。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于大多数孩子来说，蛋糕是什么样子并不重要，只要得到一个就很令人兴奋。A. annoying恼人的；B. exciting令人激动的；C. convincing令人信服的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据上文“Some people have said that they didn’t have a cake on their birthday growing up, and they know how important it is (有些人说，他们成长时的生日没有蛋糕，他们知道蛋糕有多重要)”可知，生日蛋糕很重要，因此那些买不起蛋糕的孩子只要能收到一个蛋糕就很兴奋了。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个非常好的工具，有助于促进他们之间的关系，”她说，并补充说，这也可以建立父母对她的信任。A. change改变；B. hurt伤害；C. promote促进；D. accept接受。根据上文 “Korolyk sometimes arranges for parents whose children are in foster care to bring the cake to their kids themselves. (科罗利克有时会安排孩子在寄养家庭的父母亲自将蛋糕带给孩子)”可知，父母把孩子放在寄养家庭，两者的关系肯定不如一般的亲子那么密切，而父母亲自送蛋糕，一定是能够让孩子感受到父母的关爱的，因此能促进亲子关系。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个非常好的工具，有助于促进他们之间的关系，”她说，并补充说，这也可以建立父母对她的信任。A. delight开心；B. pride自豪；C. disbelief不相信；D. trust信任。根据上文“Jodi Korolyk, a family services worker has so far ordered birthday cakes for five of the almost 800 kids in their system. (家庭服务工作者乔迪·科罗利克迄今为止为他们系统中近800名孩子中的5名订购了生日蛋糕)”可知，科罗利克是家庭服务工作者，她开展工作需要服务对象的信任。由此推知，她安排如此贴心的父母送蛋糕活动温暖人心，能增加服务对象对她的信任。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Advertising refers to the activity of promoting a product or service. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement will also create a desire____36____(buy), thus boosting business. To achieve the goal, so far advertisers ____37____(develop) ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services. One common technique is to create a____38____(memory) slogan, ____39____ uses simple but impressive language to make us aware of the product or service being advertised. Some of these slogans may also appeal ____40____ our emotions. Another technique advertisers often employ is to link their company or product to ____41____ “brand ambassador”. The more we like the ambassador, the more we ____42____ (attract) to buy a product. Besides, there are also some advertisements that are not so obvious. Produce placement is____43____(typical) used in films with huge box-office and TV shows with high ratings.
Now advertising is becoming more digital and more personalized compared with that of the past, we are very likely to receive special discounts and ____44____ (promote) targeted specifically at us. In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and_____45_____(send) them advertisements that are tailored to specific needs.
【答案】36. to buy 37. have developed 38. memorable 39. which 40. to 41. a 42. will be attracted ## are attracted 43. typically 44. promotions 45. sending
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了广告吸引顾客的方法和对广告发展趋势的展望。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：另外为了使人们了解到产品和服务，成功的广告会创造出一种购买的渴望，因此使商业得到增长。名词desire表示“渴望”，一般跟不定式作后置定语，意为“做……的渴望”。故填to buy。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：为了实现目标，目前广告人已经发展了许多劝说人们购买他们的产品和服务的各种方式。空格处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语从句so far可知，应用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词应用have。故填have developed。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一种常见的技术就是难忘的的口号，它是使用简单但令人印象深刻的语言让我们意识到产品或服务的广告。根据名词slogan可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，memorable“令人难忘的”符合句意。故填memorable。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一种常见的技术就是难忘的的口号，它会使用简单但令人印象深刻的语言，让我们意识到产品或服务的广告。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词slogan，先行词指物，空格处在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：这些口号中的一些也会吸引我们的情感。 appeal to为固定搭配，意为“吸引”。故填to。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：另外的技术广告人通常被雇佣把他们的公司和产品和形象大使联系到一起。brand ambassador为单数可数名词，此处表示“一位形象大使”，空格处应填不定冠词，brand是以辅音音素开头，应填不定冠词a。故填a。
【42题详解】
考查时态和被动语态。句意：我们越喜欢形象大使，我们就越会被吸引去买产品。空格处作谓语，结合句意,应用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语we和attract之间是动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态或一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be attracted / are attracted。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：此外也有一些广告不是那么明显，产品的布局典型地使用在票房高的电影和收视率高的电视节目中。空格处在句中修饰动词used，作状语，应用副词形式。故填typically。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：对比过去的广告，现在的广告变得更加数字化和个性化，我们很有可能得到特殊的折扣和特殊的针对我们的促销。根据and并列结构可知，空格处和复数名词discounts构成并列关系，应填名词的复数形式，表示泛指。故填promotions。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在未来广告更多的了解个人客户并且发送给他们为特定需求量身定制的广告。根据and并列结构可知，空格处和 understanding并列，作about的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填sending。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你校英语社团举办以“保护视力，从我做起”为主题的征文活动，请你以“Protect our eyes”为题，写一篇倡议书。
要点提示：
1．青少年近视的现状令人担忧；
2．倡议：保持好的阅读习惯，多进行户外运动等。
注意：
1．词数80词左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Recently the percentage of teenagers suffering from shortsightedness is on the rise. More and more students wear glasses, which brings great inconvenience to their life.
There are a variety of ways to solve this problem. To begin with, keeping a good reading habit is of great importance. Don’t read too close to books and it’s good to rest for a while every few minutes. Besides, students should try to do more sports to avoid spending too much time indoors playing computer games.
Let’s take action to protect our eyes!
【导语】这是一篇倡议书。要求考生以“Protect our eyes”为题投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
青少年：teenagers→ adolescents
近视：shortsightedness → nearsightedness
解决：solve→ settle
采取行动：take action→ take measures
2.句式拓展
升级词汇
原句：Don’t read too close to books and it’s good to rest for a while every few minutes.
拓展句：Never fail to keep reasonable distance between your eyes and the books and it’s good to rest for a while every few minutes.
变换句式结构
原句：Besides, students should try to do more sports to avoid spending too much time indoors playing computer games.
拓展句：Besides, in order to avoid spending too much time indoors playing computer games ,we call on all students to do more sports.
【点睛】【高分句型1】More and more students wear glasses, which brings great inconvenience to their life.（使用了非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】To begin with, keeping a good reading habit is of great importance.（使用了动名词作主语和“be of + 抽象名词”结构）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tom was a fishing amateur. He once came to a wet place in the roadless forest to fish with his friends William and Tony. They put up their tent upon the top of a pine-clothed mountain and then began fishing. However, none of them was successful fisherman. They were either made lazy by the sun or wet by the rain. After two days of fishing, they got nothing. Finally they ate the last bit of bacon and smoked and burned the last fearful corncake. If they didn’t get anything to eat, they would have to starve.
Immediately Tom volunteered to stay and hold the camp while the remaining two should go miles away to a farmhouse for supplies. Hearing Tom’s suggestion, the two friends gazed at him jokingly. “ There is only one of you-be careful, for bears may appear and keep you company!” Tom didn’t take what they said seriously. Then the two men disappeared down the hill in the known direction of a distant wooden house.
Night came, but the two men did not return. Tom sat close to his companion, the campfire. He lit a cigarette and felt a thousand shadows were about to come towards him. Suddenly he heard the approach of something unknown, rackling the small branches and rustling (使沙沙作响) the dead leaves. Feeling a bit scared, Tom rose slowly to his feet. His cigarette dropped from his mouth and his knees shook with fear. “Hah!” he shouted in a loud voice in the hope of scaring his opponent away. A roar (咆哮) replied and a bear paced into the light of the fire.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Tom supported himself upon a tree and observed his unexpected visitor. __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Tom breathed a sigh of relief ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Tom supported himself upon a tree and observed his unexpected visitor. The bear was obviously a fighter, for the black of his coat had become brown with age. There was confidence in his small, twinkling eyes. Terrified as Tom was, he must save himself. He started running around the campfire, bear chasing after him. He was close to desperation when the tent fell down onto the burning fire, with the bear trapped inside. He then witnessed the burning tent racing in the direction of the lake, disappearing.
Tom breathed a sigh of relief. Maybe it was luck that saved him. Anyway, he was safe now. He rested for a while, rebuilt the fire and waited patiently for his friends. When they came back and saw the tent gone, they asked eagerly what had happened. Tom explained calmly everything as if it had not happened to him. “There is only one of me — and the bear keeps me company!” he said, lighting a cigarette again.
【导语】本文以故事情节发展为线索。讲述一个冒险经历：汤姆是一个钓鱼业余爱好者，他和两个朋友一起去野外钓鱼，但是钓了几天，吃的都吃完了，他们仍然没有收获。汤姆让两个朋友去远处的农家求助，而自己在帐篷处继续钓鱼等待他们的归来。朋友们让他小心，可能有熊出没。汤姆没放在心上，但是真的遇见了熊。他很害怕。幸运的是，他和熊绕着帐篷跑时，帐篷倒了，并且着火了，熊被帐篷盖住，不能再追汤姆，后来熊顶着烧着的帐篷逃跑了。朋友们回来时很是惊讶。汤姆只对他们冷静的说：熊陪伴了我。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“汤姆站在一棵树上，观察他的不速之客。”可知，第一段可描写汤姆与熊周旋。
②由第二段首句内容“汤姆松了一口气。”可知，第二段可描写汤姆最终逃脱熊的追赶，以及朋友们回来时发现这件事时的场景。
2.续写线索：熊真的出现了——汤姆与熊周旋——汤姆摆脱了熊——朋友归来——冷静告知事情经过
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.追赶：chase/run after
②.陪伴某人：keep sb. company/accompany sb.
情绪类
①.害怕的：terrified/frightened
②.绝望：desperation/despair
【点睛】[高分句型1]. When they came back and saw the tent gone, they asked eagerly what had happened. （由when引导的时间状语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]. Tom explained calmly everything as if it had not happened to him.（由连接词as if引导方式状语从句）