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湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试试题英语含解析
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这是一份湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试试题英语含解析，共29页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团2022-2023学年
高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Are you interested in robot-science? What do you think robots are capable of? Let’s have a review of world-leading technology gathered at the World Robot Conference (WRC) 2022.
Technology in agriculture
A fruit-picking robot attracted visitors’ attention. With the help of various sensors and an AI system, the robot can collect fruit according to its ripeness, quality and size. The robot first locates the fruit and then uses sensors to decide whether it is ripe, with a robotic arm picking the fruit gently. The fruit is then categorized, ending up in a basket according to its size. It is said that more robotic technology will be used in agriculture in the future, including robots for daily inspection and weeding.
Robots fighting Covid-19
Medical staff conducting nucleic acid tests often find their work toilsome, especially under the summer heat. A nucleic acid test robot developed by Tsinghua University and a Chinese biotech company was presented at the WRC. It looks like a vending machine, but the robot can collect throat swabs (拭子), process samples, as well as produce and upload the results within 45 minutes. The whole process will not require the involvement of humans or laboratories.
Inventions of the youth
Those visiting the exhibit also witnessed the intelligence of a new generation. Wang Zirun, a junior student at the school, designed a three-dimensional parking facility model. Since there are usually too few parking spaces in older residential areas, Wang’s work aims to fit more cars into current parking spots. The facility works like a sky wheel with six parking spots. When cars need to be picked up, the facility rotates steadily, placing the car on the ground.
1. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A travel brochure.
B. A technology textbook.
C. A science magazine.
D. A product advertisement.
2. Why is the parking facility designed like a sky wheel?
A. To save building materials.
B. To prevent cars from being stolen.
C. To increase ground parking spaces.
D. To make the most of limited space.
3. What can we infer from the text?
A. Both the fruit-picking robot and the nucleic acid test robot can save manpower.
B. The WRC is intended to inspire the intelligence of a young generation.
C. All the inventions mentioned have been put into practical use.
D. Human can be replaced by the robot in the future.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要回顾了2022年世界机器人大会的有代表性的机器人展品：采摘机器人，核算机器人和摩天轮停车位。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“Are you interested in robot-science? What do you think robots are capable of? Let’s have a review of world-leading technology gathered at the World Robot Conference (WRC) 2022.(你对机器人科学感兴趣吗?你认为机器人能做什么?让我们来回顾一下在2022年世界机器人大会上聚集的世界领先技术。)”可知，文章主要回顾了2022年世界机器人大会的有代表性的机器人展品，属于科技范畴。由此可推知，文章来自科学杂志。故选C项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章“Inventions of the youth”部分内容“Since there are usually too few parking spaces in older residential areas, Wang’s work aims to fit more cars into current parking spots. The facility works like a sky wheel with six parking spots. When cars need to be picked up, the facility rotates steadily, placing the car on the ground.(由于老旧住宅区的停车位通常太少，王的工作旨在将更多的汽车安置在现有的停车位上。该设施就像一个空中摩天轮，有六个停车位。当需要取车时，该设备会稳定旋转，将汽车放置在地面上。)”可知，老旧城区的停车位太少，而这个像摩天轮一样的停车设施有六个停车位，可以要将六辆车安置在一个“停车位”上，以最大利用有限的空间。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章“Technology in agriculture”部分内容“With the help of various sensors and an AI system, the robot can collect fruit according to its ripeness, quality and size.(在各种传感器和人工智能系统的帮助下，机器人可以根据水果的成熟度、质量和大小来收集水果)”可知，采摘机器人可以在传感器和人工智能的帮助下独立采摘水果，不需要人力采摘。文章“Robots fighting Covid-19”部分内容“The whole process will not require the involvement of humans or laboratories.(整个过程不需要人类或实验室的参与)”可知，核酸机器人的使用过程中不需要人类或实验室的参与。因此可推知，这两种机器人的使用都可以节省人力。故选A项。
B
Recently，as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team，I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him．His team was facing adversity（逆境）on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment-it was the opponent's home gym filled with their supporters，and Nathan's team was trailing（落后）for three quarters of the game．As for me，I had been dismissed from my job earlier in the day．
During my drive home，I kept telling myself that I will find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities．This is the same belief that I tried to instill in my son．
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan's team still trailing．I saw the determination on his，as well as his teammates'faces as they fought back to not only tie the game（平局），but then go ahead by three points．Then，a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie the game up again．With a tie game and seconds on the clock，Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence，he proceeded to make the basket with a defender hanging all over him．The other player was called for a foul（犯规）．
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points，I saw the focus and determination on his face，there was no room for self-doubt．Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw with such skill，it was as if he had done it a thousand times．
As I sat there，my heart bursting with pride，it dawned on me．I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity，and he had just taught me the same lesson．That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court．He will play in the finals，but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses，at this moment，we both won．
4. What did the author estimate his son's team would be like at first？ ______
A. The team would lose at home court．
B. The team would finally win．
C. The team would win the championship．
D. The team would lose at visiting court．
5. Which of the following words can best describe the author？ ______
A. Self-doubting and pessimistic．
B. Self-confident and optimistic．
C. Hardworking and intelligent．
D. Easy-going and warmhearted．
6. What does the underlined phrase “tune out “in Paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Avoid B. Focus．
C. Create D. Receive．
7. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ ______
A. Life Goes Just Like Playing Basketball．
B. It Matters Whether to Win or Lose．
C. A Lesson in Life and Basketball．
D. Father and Son in Life．
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛过程中，看到儿子球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧不自信中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment-it was the opponent’s home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan’s team was trailing for three quarters of the game.（最近，当我看到我儿子Nathan为他的高中队打篮球时，我开始为自己和他感到难过。他的球队在球场上正面临着逆境，他在一个充满敌意的环境中打球，对手的主场体育馆里挤满了他们的支持者，Nathan的球队落后了3分比赛的四分之一。）”可知，一开始的时候，作者认为自己儿子所在的球队会失败，结合选项，故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I will find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities. This is the same belief that I tried to instill in my son.（在开车回家的路上，我一直告诉自己，我会在短时间内重新找到工作，我对自己的经验和能力充满信心，这和我试图灌输给儿子的信念是一样的。）”可知，作者对于自己是充满了信心，同时对生活也是积极乐观的态度。结合选项，故选B。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。“and”前后为两个并列的短语，由短语“nail the free throw with such skill（用这样的技术把罚球钉住）”可知，Nathan能够把所有的分心都解除。故可推知划线单词意为：避免。A. Avoid避免；B. Focus集中注意力；C. Create创造；D. Receive接收。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容，本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛过程中，看到儿子球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利，这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧不自信中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。所以选项C中的life与作者的生活状况呼应，其中的basketball与作者的孩子的比赛呼应，lesson与作者的体会呼应。故选C。
C
The world’s biggest electric vehicle — a 45-ton mining dump truck named the eDumper — may have to give up its throne. The newcomer, powered with both electricity and a reserve of hydrogen fuel, is going to steal that title as the largest electric mining truck.
London-based Anglo American is developing the beast of a machine — it weighs 290 tons — as part of its sustainable mining vision. The conceptual work is done, but U.K-based Williams Advanced Engineering will bring the truck to life. The idea is to replace the vehicle’s diesel engine (柴油机) with a high-power modular lithium-ion battery (锂电池). “We are delighted to be involved in this innovative and exciting project which shows the potential of battery technology that can adapt to increased demands, from automotive and motorsport to ‘heavy duty’ industrial applications,” Craig Wilson, managing director of Williams Advanced Engineering, said.
While the eDumper — a mining truck used to move stones from the sides of mountains in Switzerland — relies entirely on pure electricity and pure physics for power, the Anglo American truck will use both a lithium-ion battery and a hydrogen fuel cell (电池) module. Altogether, the new truck will have over 1,000 Kilowatt hours of energy storage.
Hydrogen fuel is a clear fuel that produces only water as a by-product when consumed in a fuel cell. It’s typically produced from natural gas, nuclear power, or renewable wind and solar power. Adding hydrogen fuel cells to the vehicle’s battery will allow the truck to run for longer periods of time without recharging.
There’s also a third type of power that comes into play with the Anglo American truck: kinetic (动力的) energy created through the process of regenerative braking (再生制动系统). When an electric vehicle — be it the Anglo American truck, or the eDumper — rolls down a hill, that movement creates electrical energy for the battery as you brake. The electric motors power the car through the battery’s stored energy, but can also become mini generators that return some energy back to the battery.
After Anglo American finishes test trials with the truck, the firm will conduct studies to understand how the truck’s power units can be used to provide energy storage in other applications.
8. What can be known about “the eDumper”?
A. It weighs more than 290 tons.
B. It is powered by hydrogen fuel.
C. It will no longer be the largest electric truck.
D. It will discourage buyers for being expensive.
9. What can be inferred from Craig Wilson’s words?
A. Battery technology is the key to updating vehicles.
B. Battery technology is the basis of manufacturing trucks.
C. The development of the lithium-ion battery is limited.
D. The future of the lithium-ion battery is promising.
10. What is the benefit of adopting hydrogen fuel cells?
A. It can save a lot of money.
B. Vehicles become eco-friendlier.
C. It has no environmental impact at all.
D. Vehicles no longer need to be recharged.
11. According to paragraph 5, which of the following can be a feature of regenerative braking?
A. Autonomous braking. B. Energy transformation.
C. Simple operation. D. zero-carbon emission.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于伦敦的英美资源集团（Anglo American）正在开发一种重达290吨的卡车，这将成为世界上最大的电动卡车。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The world’s biggest electric vehicle — a 45-ton mining dump truck named the eDumper — may have to give up its throne. The newcomer, powered with both electricity and a reserve of hydrogen fuel, is going to steal that title as the largest electric mining truck.(世界上最大的电动汽车——一辆45吨重的矿山自卸车，名叫eDumper ——可能不得不放弃它的宝座。这个同时使用电力和氢燃料储备新建造的车，将会夺得最大电力采矿卡车的称号。)”可知，eDumper将不再是最大的电动卡车。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The idea is to replace the vehicle’s diesel engine (柴油机) with a high-power modular lithium-ion battery (锂电池). “We are delighted to be involved in this innovative and exciting project which shows the potential of battery technology that can adapt to increased demands, from automotive and motorsport to ‘heavy duty’ industrial applications,” Craig Wilson, managing director of Williams Advanced Engineering, said.(这个想法是用一个大功率的模块化锂离子电池来代替汽车的柴油发动机。“我们很高兴参与这个创新和令人兴奋的项目，它展示了电池技术的潜力，可以适应从汽车和赛车到‘重型’工业应用等不断增长的需求。”)”可知，从Craig Wilson的话可以看出，锂离子电池的未来充满希望。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Hydrogen fuel is a clear fuel that produces only water as a by-product when consumed in a fuel cell. It’s typically produced from natural gas, nuclear power, or renewable wind and solar power. Adding hydrogen fuel cells to the vehicle’s battery will allow the truck to run for longer periods of time without recharging.(氢燃料是一种清洁的燃料，在燃料电池中消耗时只产生副产品水。它通常由天然气、核能或可再生风能和太阳能发电产生。将氢燃料电池添加到汽车的电池将允许卡车运行更长的时间不用充电。)”可知，氢燃料电池是一种更加环保的电池，由此可知，采用氢燃料电池的好处是汽车变得更加环保。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“When an electric vehicle — be it the Anglo American truck, or the eDumper — rolls down a hill, that movement creates electrical energy for the battery as you brake. The electric motors power the car through the battery’s stored energy, but can also become mini generators that return some energy back to the battery.(当一辆电动汽车——无论是英美卡车还是eDumper——从山上滚下来时，这种运动会在刹车时为电池产生电能。电动马达通过电池储存的能量为汽车提供动力，但也可以成为迷你发电机，将一些能量返回给电池。)”可知，能量转换是再生制动的一个特性，故选B。
D
The vaccine (疫苗) news continues to seem very encouraging. Britain started its mass vaccination effort and the U.S. isn’t far behind.
But there is still one dark cloud hanging over the vaccines that many people don’t yet understand.
The vaccines will be much less effective at preventing death and illness in 2021 if they are introduced into a population where the coronavirus is still severe—as is now the case in the U.S.
A vaccine is like a fire hose (消防龙头). A vaccine that’s 95 percent effective, as Moderna’s and Pfizer’s versions appear to be, is a powerful fire hose. But the size of a fire is still a bigger determinant of how much destruction occurs.
At the current level of infection in the U.S. (about 200,000 confirmed new infections per day), a vaccine that is 95 percent effective—distributed at the expected pace—would still leave a terrible toll (伤亡人数) in the six months after it was introduced. Almost 10 million or so Americans would catch the virus, and more than 160,000 would die.
This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective but the U.S. had reduced the infection rate to its level in early September (about 35,000 new daily cases). In that case, the death toll in the next six months would be kept to about 60,000.
It’s worth pausing for a moment on this comparison. If the U.S. had maintained its infection rate from September and Moderna and Pfizer had announced this fall that their vaccines were only 50 percent effective, a lot of people would have panicked.
But the reality we have is actually worse.
How could this be? No vaccine can get rid of a pandemic immediately, just as .no fire hose can put out a forest fire. While the vaccine is being distributed, the virus continues to do damage.
There is one positive way to look at this: Measures that reduce the virus’s spread—like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing—can still have great consequences. They can save more than 100,000 lives in coming months.
12. How does the author mainly present his argument?
A. By giving definitions. B. By categorizing facts.
C. By drawing comparisons. D. By appealing to emotions.
13. Which does the author think is a better way to save lives?
A. Improving the effectiveness of the vaccines.
B. Producing a greater variety of vaccines.
C. Looking at the situation in a positive way.
D. Wearing masks and practicing social distancing.
14. What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A. The vaccines are less effective than expected.
B. The US have controlled the spread of the coronavirus.
C. The death toll in the next six months will be about 60,000.
D. Fewer people will die if the infection rate is lower.
15. What can we infer from the text?
A. The vaccine is the hope of wiping out the pandemic.
B. The public are optimistic about the effects of the vaccine.
C. The public are concerned about the high infection rate.
D. The distribution of vaccine will end the pandemic quickly.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在疫情下，疫苗并不能有效地阻止新冠传播，最有效的方法还是戴上口罩，保持适当的距离。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A vaccine is like a fire hose . A vaccine that’s 95 percent effective, as Moderna’s and Pfizer’s versions appear to be, is a powerful fire hose. But the size of a fire is still a bigger determinant of how much destruction occurs.(疫苗就像消防水带。就像Moderna和Pfizer的版本一样，这种具有95％效力的疫苗是一种强大的消防水带。但是，火的大小仍是更大程度地决定发生多少破坏的决定因素)”可知，作者将新冠疫苗比作消防水带，引出疫情的影响并不是由疫苗所控制的。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“There is one positive way to look at this: Measures that reduce the virus’s spread—like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing—can still have great consequences. They can save more than 100,000 lives in coming months.(有一个积极的方法可以解决这一问题：减少病毒传播的措施（例如戴口罩，远离社会和进行快速结果检测）会产生重大后果。在未来几个月中，他们可以挽救100,000多条生命)”可知，作者认为戴口罩，保持社交距离是最有效预防新冠的措施。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段“This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective but the U.S. had reduced the infection rate to its level in early September (about 35,000 new daily cases). In that case, the death toll in the next six months would be kept to about 60,000.(这远比在另一种情况下造成的损失要糟糕得多，在这种情况下，疫苗的有效率仅为50％，但美国已将感染率降低到9月初的水平（每天约有35,000例新病例）。在这种情况下，未来六个月的死亡人数将保持在60,000人左右)”可知，美国的感染率下降到9月初的水平，死亡人数也相应减少。由此推知，感染率降低死亡人数也会减少。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The vaccine news continues to seem very encouraging. Britain started its mass vaccination effort and the U.S. isn’t far behind. (疫苗新闻似乎仍然令人鼓舞。英国开始大规模疫苗接种工作，而美国也紧随其后)”可知，人们非常乐于接种新冠疫苗。再结合倒数第四段“If the U.S. had maintained its infection rate from September and Moderna and Pfizer had announced this fall that their vaccines were only 50 percent effective, a lot of people would have panicked. 如果美国从9月开始保持感染率，并且如果Moderna和Pfizer今年秋天宣布其疫苗的有效率仅为50％，那么很多人就会感到恐慌)”可知，如果宣布疫苗有效率仅为50%的话，人们就会感到恐慌。由此推断出，大众乐于接受疫苗，是因为大众认为疫苗有效率高可以防御新冠，所以公众对疫苗的效果持乐观态度。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many healthcare workers know that washing hands is important to prevent the spread of infectious disease. ___16___ During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at Berkley University, they counted the number of times people touched their face with their hands. ___17___Whether we are aware of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our face with our hands frequently enough.
Imagine that you are able to record a full day of your actions. Better yet, reflect on what you did when you woke up yesterday morning. Let me give you an idea of my previous morning. I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 am. ___18___Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on the TV for my morning news, started making my coffee and finally hit the shower. It wasn’t even 5 minutes from the time I awoke and I already touched different objects. The point of this is to be aware that even in our homes we are exposed to germs in places we don’t realize.
Luckily, the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs. ___19___Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue. Unfortunately, there are a lot of areas on our face that do not have the protection of skin such as the eyes and mouth. There’s a reason to every wise proverb and our parents annoying us to wash our hands before dinner is not for nothing.
___20___If you have children, it is even more important to set the example because children are known to learn from adults. Let’s start a good habit of washing hands. As for your friends, don’t be shy about checking to make sure their hands are clean. Asking someone if they have washed their hands is caring. Checking to see if someone has washed their hands will benefit not only that person, but you and your family.
A. Our skin is the first line of defense.
B. Several minutes later, I turned off the alarm clock.
C. It is easy for us to admit that we wash our hands regularly.
D. They are more self-aware that hand washing should be practiced as needed.
E. Most importantly, it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.
F. They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on average.
G. Do the rest of your family members, especially children, wash their hands regularly?
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. A 20. E
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重要。尽管人体对有害细菌具有一定的防御能力，但是我们也要养成洗手的好习惯。
【16题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前Many healthcare workers know that washing hands is important to prevent the spread of infectious disease.(许多医护人员都知道洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重要)可知，D项They are more self-aware that hand washing should be practiced as needed.(他们比别人更加意识到应该根据需要洗手)能够承接上文。该选项中的They指的是前一句中的many healthcare workers。故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at Berkley University, they counted the number of times people touched their face with their hands.(在Nicas和Best在伯克利大学进行的一项研究中，他们计算了人们用手触摸脸部的次数)和空后Whether we are aware of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our face with our hands frequently enough.(无论我们是否意识到自己的行为，我们大多数人都认为我们经常用手摸脸)可知，F项They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on average.(他们发现受试者平均每小时触摸脸部15.7次)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的They指的是前一句中的Nicas and Best。故选F项。
【18题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 am.(早上6点钟我被闹钟叫醒了)和空后Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on the TV for my morning news, started making my coffee and finally hit the shower.(然后我查看了手机中的消息，打开电视听早间新闻，开始煮咖啡，最后洗了澡)可知，B项Several minutes later, I turned off the alarm clock.(几分钟后，我关闭了闹钟)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的the alarm clock在前一句中出现了。故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前Luckily, the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs.(幸运的是，人体对有害细菌具有惊人的防御能力)和空后Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue.(我们的白细胞就像士兵一样来营救我们)可知，A项Our skin is the first line of defense.(我们的皮肤是第一道防线)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的defense在前一句中出现了。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查段首句。根据空后If you have children, it is even more important to set the example because children are known to learn from adults.(如果你有孩子，树立榜样就更重要了，因为众所周知，孩子可以向成年人学习)可知，E项Most importantly, it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.(最重要的是，为朋友和家人树立正确的榜样是我们的责任)能够与下文连接通顺。该选项中的set the example在下一句中出现了。故选E项。
第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you know Little Free Libraries? They are the cute book exchange ____21____ on thousands of front yards and street comers. They are being ____22____ into sharing boxes filled with toilet paper, food and comfort items during the pandemic.
People at the free book ____23____ movement, which started in Wisconsin, have received many messages about the ____24____ of Little Free Libraries. So they designed a new map showing the box ____25____ around the world.
“____26____ and caring for each other are for the common good. That’s ____27____ at the heart of the Little Free Library Network,” said Margret Aldrich, head of media and programming for Little Free Library. On the new map, each sharing box location is ____28____ and often there is a note about what is being ____29____
“People had already used them to share and look out for each other in their communities,” Aldrich said. “So it was very _____30_____ to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.”
Heather Nelson’s box in Pewaukee is on the map. She _____31_____ it about five years ago in front of her house built in 1862. About a year ago, she began _____32_____ plants along with books in her library.
Tracy Reep Lay’s library is also in Pewaukee. She _____33_____ the books from the Little Free Library her husband built several years ago to stock it with things like _____34_____ thermometers(温度计), toothpaste and bars of soap. “I decided I would put in a lot of extra things I had when people were thinking of ways to _____35_____ each other. I had purchased them a long time before,” said Reep Lay.
21. A. bags B. boxes C. stores D. shelves
22. A. forced B. changed C. broken D. built
23. A. exchange B. possession C. ordering D. stocking
24. A. recalling B. reopening C. reserving D. reusing
25. A. decorations B. directions
C. locations D. instructions
26. A. Ability B. Humor C. Generosity D. Beauty
27. A. really B. relatively C. merely D. casually
28. A. rare B. clear C. strange D. close
29. A. considered B. described C. offered D. returned
30. A. early B. hard C. late D. easy
31. A. occupied B. removed C. abandoned D. installed
32. A. sharing B. growing C. borrowing D. hiding
33. A. threw away B. brought about
C. took out D. held back
34. A. unopened B. unlocked
C. unnamed D. unfinished
35. A. know B. entertain
C. protect D. help
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述近年来的疫情庭院街道的书籍交换箱变成了一个分享其它用品的盒子。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是遍布于成千上万个房子前院和街道角落的可爱的书籍交换箱。A. bags袋子；B. boxes盒子；箱子；C. stores商店；D. shelves架子。根据下文“They are being ________ into sharing boxes filled with toilet paper, food and comfort items during the pandemic.(在新冠肺炎期间，这些交换箱正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒。)”和“So they designed a new map showing the box ________ around the world.”以及下文多处可知此处填box. 故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在新冠肺炎期间，这些交换箱正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒。A. forced强迫；B. changed改变；C. broken打破；D. built修建。根据下文“So it was very ________ to transform them into boxes sharing more than books. ”可知，此处指这些交换箱正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒。change与transform是同义词复现。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这项始于美国威斯康星州的免费书籍交换运动中，人们收到了很多关于重新利用Little Free Libraries的信息。A. exchange交流；交换；B. possession拥有；C. ordering订购；D. stocking储存。根据第一段第二句的“book exchange”可知，此处填exchange。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. recalling回忆；B. reopening重新打开；C. reserving保留；D. reusing再使用。根据第四自然段“People had already used them to share...to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.”可知此处是给Little Free Libraries找到新的用途。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以他们设计了一张新地图来展示这些箱子在世界各地的位置。A. decorations装饰；B. directions方向；C. locations位置；D. instructions指示。根据下文“On the new map, each sharing box location is ________ and often there is a note about what is being _______.”可知，此处指他们设计了一张新地图来展示这些箱子在世界各地的位置，故填location。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：慷慨和对彼此的照顾是为了大家好。A. Ability能力；B. Humor幽默；C. Generosity慷慨；D. Beauty美。根据下文“and caring for each other”可知，空格处名词应与下文caring for each other语义接近，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是Little Free Library Network的核心。A. really真正地；确实；B. relatively相对地；C. merely仅仅；D. casually临时地；偶然地。根据语义，此处指“这确实是Little Free Library Network的核心”，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在新地图上，每一个分享箱的位置都是清晰的，并且通常会有一张纸条写着箱子里提供了什么。A. rare罕见的；B. clear清楚的；C. strange奇怪的；陌生的；D. close亲密的。根据上文“So they designed a new map showing the box _______ around the world.”可知，在地图上，每一个分享箱的位置都是清晰的。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. considered考虑；认为；B. described描述；C. offered提供；D. returned返回。根据上文“They are being _______ into sharing boxes filled with toilet paper, food and comfort items during the pandemic.”可知，这些交换箱在疫情期间正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒，所以此处指有一张纸条写着箱子里提供了什么。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此把这些箱子变成分享除书籍外的更多东西的地方很容易。A. early早的；B. hard困难的；C. late迟到的；D. easy容易的。根据上文““People had already used them to share and look out for each other in their communities,” Aldrich said. (社区里人们已经用这些箱子来分享和照顾彼此。)”可知，此处指把这些箱子变成分享除书籍外的更多东西的地方很容易。故这里应填easy。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Heather Nelson在皮沃基的箱子也在地图上，她五年前在她建于1862年的房子前安装了这个箱子。A. occupied占据；B. removed移开；去掉；C. abandoned舍弃；D. installed安装。根据语境，此处指她在房子前安装了这个箱子。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在一年前，她在她的小图书馆里开始分享植物和书籍。由上A. sharing分享；B. growing长大；C. borrowing借；D. hiding躲藏。根据上下文可知，这个小箱子是用来分享的地方。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Tracy Reep Lay的图书馆也在皮沃基，她把书从她丈夫几年前建的小图书馆里拿出来，在里面放上没打开的温度计、牙膏和香皂。A. threw away扔掉；B. brought about提出；C. took out拿出；D. held back阻止。根据上文“So it was very ________ to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.”可知，这个箱子变成了分享除书籍外的更多东西的地方。所以，她把书从小图书馆里拿出来，在里面放上其它东西。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unopened未开封的；B. unlocked未锁的；C. unnamed未披露姓名的；D. unfinished未完成的。根据下文“I had purchased them a long time before”可知，温度计、牙膏和香皂是还没打开的。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定在人们想方设法互相帮助的时候(在我的小图书馆里)放一些我所拥有的额外的东西。A. know知道；B. entertain娱乐；C. protect保护；D. help帮助。根据上文“_______ and caring for each other are for the common good. That’s _______ at the heart of the Little Free Library Network”可知，此处指人们想方设法互相帮助的时候。故选D。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
课文填空：阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal, ________ (demonstrate) great talent and personality in the process. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】demonstrating
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在1960年罗马奥运会上，他赢得了轻量级金牌，并在这一过程中展现了伟大的天赋和个性。分析句子可知，设空处在句子中做伴随状语，和逻辑主语he是主动关系，应填现在分词。故填demonstrating。
37. The majority of these sports are identical ______ those at the Olympics but other sports, such as wushu, have been added too. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意：这些项目中的大多数与奥运会项目相同，但也增加了武术等其他项目。be identical to和……相同，固定搭配。故填to。
38. If someone makes a bad mistake which________(intentional) harms their own interests, they are said to have scored an own goal. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】intentionally
【详解】考查副词。句意：如果有人犯了严重的错误，故意损害了他们的利益，那么据说他们就是进了一个乌龙球。根据句意“故意损害”和分析句子可知，设空处需用副词intentionally，修饰动词harms。故填intentionally。
39. Our own personal genome carries all the information ______ (need) to make us grow and develop. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】needed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们个人的基因组携带着我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词carries，所以need应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是information，和need之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填needed。
40. We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating ______ some have called “designer babies”. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们还将能够在孩子出生之前为他们选择特定的特征，有些人称之为“设计师婴儿”。分析句子可知，空格处应填入宾语从句的引导词。该引导词在从句中作宾语，故用what引导。故填what。
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Putting down the mobile phone, talking about negative feelings with friends or seeking professional advice are some of the methods to help tackle depression and ___41___ (anxious) during the COVID-19 outbreak, experts said.
___42___ the virus continues to circulate and lockdowns trigger mental stress, experts have also called for greater investment in mental health services nationwide.
The World Health Organization said in March that the prevalence of depression around the world ___43___ (increase) by 25 percent in the first year of the pandemic.
Lu Lin, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and president of the Peking University Sixth Hospital, said at ___44___ conference this month that China is no exception to the ___45___ (globe) trend.
From March 2020 to March 2021, the prevalence of depression and insomnia(失眠)in China had risen and repeated COVID outbreaks, quarantine requirements and the high risk of exposure ___46___ the virus could all contribute to ___47___ (worsen) people’s mental condition, according to data shared by Lu during the event.
In an interview with People’s Daily, Lu said that some misinformation circulated online during the epidemic ___48___ (magnify) people’s sense of panic.
The public should pay closer attention to information released by authoritative outlets, he suggested. People should also reduce the amount of time ___49___they spend in front of screens and instead chat with friends or family, listen to music or exercise to relax ____50____ (they).
【答案】41. anxiety 42. As 43. increased 44. a 45. global 46. to 47. worsening 48. had magnified 49. that##which 50. themselves
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织3月表示，在新冠肺炎疫情的第一年，全球抑郁症流行率增加了25%。专家表示放下手机、与朋友谈论负面情绪或寻求专业建议是帮助应对抑郁和焦虑的一些方法。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：专家表示，在新冠肺炎疫情期间，放下手机、与朋友谈论负面情绪或寻求专业建议是帮助应对抑郁和焦虑的一些方法。根据空格前的and可知，此处应填名词与 depression并列作宾语，anxious的名词形式为anxiety。故填anxiety。
【42题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：随着病毒继续传播，封锁引发精神压力，专家们也呼吁在全国范围内加大对精神健康服务的投资。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。根据句意，此处表“随着”，故用连词 as。置于句首首字母应大写，故填As。
【43题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：世界卫生组织3月表示，在大流行的第一年，全球抑郁症流行率增加了25%。分析句子可知，空格为宾语从句的谓语动词。根据句中时间状语in the first year of the pandemic可知，此处应用一般过去时态。故填increased。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国科学院院士、北京大学第六医院院长卢林在本月的一次会议上表示，中国也不例外。根据句意，此处指“一次会议”，表泛指，且conference的发音为辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语，globe的名词形式为global。故填global。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：卢在活动期间分享的数据显示，从2020年3月到2021 3月，中国抑郁症和失眠症的流行率上升，反复爆发的冠状病毒疫情、检疫要求和接触该病毒的高风险都可能导致人们的精神状况恶化。exposure常与介词to搭配，意为“接触……”。故填to。
【47题详解】
考查动名词。句意同上。contribute to意为“导致……”，to是介词，其后应用动名词作宾语。故填worsening。
【48题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：在接受《人民日报》采访时，卢表示，疫情期间网上流传的一些错误信息放大了人们的恐慌感。分析句子可知，空格处为宾语从句的谓语动词。主句的谓语动词 said是一般过去时，此处宾语从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。故填had magnified。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：人们也应该减少在屏幕前花费的时间，转而与朋友或家人聊天、听音乐或锻炼来放松自己。分析句子可知，空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。先行词是time，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作spend的宾语，故用关系代词that/ which。故填that/ which。
【50题详解】
考查代词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词作宾语。主语和宾语相同时应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
51. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧社的外籍教师Jim因疫情滞留美国。复学在即，作为戏剧社负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：
1. 条件及要求；
2. 表示感谢；
3. 提醒注意防护。
注意：1. 词数 80-100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you doing? I hope everything’s OK with you.
Our school’s drama club plans to start practising. Since you’re away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place. Would you please recommend one for us? He or she should be a native English speaker, currently in Hunan, and experienced in both directing and teaching. Thank you for your help. Please take care of yourself. Remember to wear a mask when necessary.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是一篇应用文写作。要求考生给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
开始：start→begin
推荐：recommend→suggest
代替某人：in one’s place→take sb.’s place
照顾：take care of→look after
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Would you please recommend one for us?
拓展句：I wonder if you can recommend one for us?
【点睛】[高分句型1]Since you’re away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place.(since引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2]Remember to wear a mask when necessary.(when引导时间状语从句的省略)
第二节(满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After filling out 50 applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get -a teaching job in what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was 14-teaching English.
School started, I was teaching English. I worked hard, only taking time off to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixth-grade class—17 boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic (理想主义的) teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs (纸团) and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounded reasonable, but the text obviously ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable. By the time my boss, who was a taskmaster known to be the strictest, most demanding and quickest to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.
My boss sat in the back of the room. The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed (锉) their nails or read magazines. I just pretended it all wasn’t happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. My boss, sitting in the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger. After 20 minutes, he left silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes. I felt mildly proud that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period, I had to face him.
Paragraph 1:
After class, I walked to his office, took a deep breath and opened the door. _______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Inspired by his advice, I walked toward the classroom, determined to make a change. _______
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】After class, I walked to his office, took a deep breath and opened the door. My boss was sitting in his chair with a poker face, gazing at me silently. Anxious and ashamed, I said nothing, wondering if he would fire me right away. He handed me an envelope, which added to my anxiety at that moment. However, my eyes were wide open when I opened it and read the letter. It was not an unemployment letter but a letter with several suggestions about my teaching, one of which was highlighted in red: An educator should respect students’ feelings. Almost immediately, a surge of warmth rose inside me.
Inspired by his advice, I walked toward the classroom, determined to make a change. As the bell rang, I stood on the platform, eyes wandering across the classroom. I cleared my throat and announced, “Boys and girls, let’s begin with what you think about my literature lesson.” Suddenly, a complete silence fell over the class. Each student lifted their head and cast me a puzzled look. Flashing a smile, I encouraged, “Anything you’d like to say is welcome!” At this, a ripple of excitement spread through the classroom. The literature class soon amazingly came to life thanks to their brilliant voices. It was at that time that I fully understood what my boss taught me: respecting the students instead of ignoring them will make a difference.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去了偏远的荒野地区——新泽西西部——教英语，在工作中苦苦挣扎，学生们在教室后面扔纸团，说脏话，而作者的领导也特别严格，最会开除没有经验的老师。领导看到了作者课上学生的众多不良行为后，给了作者建议，作者也因此下定决心做出改变，领悟到尊重学生而不是忽视他们会产生很大影响。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下课后，我走到他的办公室，深吸了一口气，打开了门。”可知，第一段可描写作者面对领导时发生的事情，领导给了作者建议。
②由第二段首句内容“在他的建议的鼓舞下，我走向教室，决心做出改变。”可知，第二段可描写作者收到建议鼓舞后的所作所为，作者开始鼓励学生发言。
2. 续写线索：作者来到领导办公室——作者面对领导感到焦虑羞愧——领导给出建议——作者受到鼓舞——作者做出改变——作者感悟
3. 词汇激活
①解雇：fire / kick out
②递给某人某物：hand sb. sth. / pass sth. to sb.
③宣布：announce / declare / annunciate
情绪类
①困惑的：puzzled / confused
②惊奇地：amazingly / surprisingly
【点睛】[高分句型1] Anxious and ashamed, I said nothing, wondering if he would fire me right away. (运用了形容词作状语以及if引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] He handed me an envelope, which added to my anxiety at that moment. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团2022-2023学年
高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Are you interested in robot-science? What do you think robots are capable of? Let’s have a review of world-leading technology gathered at the World Robot Conference (WRC) 2022.
Technology in agriculture
A fruit-picking robot attracted visitors’ attention. With the help of various sensors and an AI system, the robot can collect fruit according to its ripeness, quality and size. The robot first locates the fruit and then uses sensors to decide whether it is ripe, with a robotic arm picking the fruit gently. The fruit is then categorized, ending up in a basket according to its size. It is said that more robotic technology will be used in agriculture in the future, including robots for daily inspection and weeding.
Robots fighting Covid-19
Medical staff conducting nucleic acid tests often find their work toilsome, especially under the summer heat. A nucleic acid test robot developed by Tsinghua University and a Chinese biotech company was presented at the WRC. It looks like a vending machine, but the robot can collect throat swabs (拭子), process samples, as well as produce and upload the results within 45 minutes. The whole process will not require the involvement of humans or laboratories.
Inventions of the youth
Those visiting the exhibit also witnessed the intelligence of a new generation. Wang Zirun, a junior student at the school, designed a three-dimensional parking facility model. Since there are usually too few parking spaces in older residential areas, Wang’s work aims to fit more cars into current parking spots. The facility works like a sky wheel with six parking spots. When cars need to be picked up, the facility rotates steadily, placing the car on the ground.
1. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A travel brochure.
B. A technology textbook.
C. A science magazine.
D. A product advertisement.
2. Why is the parking facility designed like a sky wheel?
A. To save building materials.
B. To prevent cars from being stolen.
C. To increase ground parking spaces.
D. To make the most of limited space.
3. What can we infer from the text?
A. Both the fruit-picking robot and the nucleic acid test robot can save manpower.
B. The WRC is intended to inspire the intelligence of a young generation.
C. All the inventions mentioned have been put into practical use.
D. Human can be replaced by the robot in the future.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要回顾了2022年世界机器人大会的有代表性的机器人展品：采摘机器人，核算机器人和摩天轮停车位。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“Are you interested in robot-science? What do you think robots are capable of? Let’s have a review of world-leading technology gathered at the World Robot Conference (WRC) 2022.(你对机器人科学感兴趣吗?你认为机器人能做什么?让我们来回顾一下在2022年世界机器人大会上聚集的世界领先技术。)”可知，文章主要回顾了2022年世界机器人大会的有代表性的机器人展品，属于科技范畴。由此可推知，文章来自科学杂志。故选C项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章“Inventions of the youth”部分内容“Since there are usually too few parking spaces in older residential areas, Wang’s work aims to fit more cars into current parking spots. The facility works like a sky wheel with six parking spots. When cars need to be picked up, the facility rotates steadily, placing the car on the ground.(由于老旧住宅区的停车位通常太少，王的工作旨在将更多的汽车安置在现有的停车位上。该设施就像一个空中摩天轮，有六个停车位。当需要取车时，该设备会稳定旋转，将汽车放置在地面上。)”可知，老旧城区的停车位太少，而这个像摩天轮一样的停车设施有六个停车位，可以要将六辆车安置在一个“停车位”上，以最大利用有限的空间。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章“Technology in agriculture”部分内容“With the help of various sensors and an AI system, the robot can collect fruit according to its ripeness, quality and size.(在各种传感器和人工智能系统的帮助下，机器人可以根据水果的成熟度、质量和大小来收集水果)”可知，采摘机器人可以在传感器和人工智能的帮助下独立采摘水果，不需要人力采摘。文章“Robots fighting Covid-19”部分内容“The whole process will not require the involvement of humans or laboratories.(整个过程不需要人类或实验室的参与)”可知，核酸机器人的使用过程中不需要人类或实验室的参与。因此可推知，这两种机器人的使用都可以节省人力。故选A项。
B
Recently，as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team，I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him．His team was facing adversity（逆境）on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment-it was the opponent's home gym filled with their supporters，and Nathan's team was trailing（落后）for three quarters of the game．As for me，I had been dismissed from my job earlier in the day．
During my drive home，I kept telling myself that I will find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities．This is the same belief that I tried to instill in my son．
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan's team still trailing．I saw the determination on his，as well as his teammates'faces as they fought back to not only tie the game（平局），but then go ahead by three points．Then，a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie the game up again．With a tie game and seconds on the clock，Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence，he proceeded to make the basket with a defender hanging all over him．The other player was called for a foul（犯规）．
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points，I saw the focus and determination on his face，there was no room for self-doubt．Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw with such skill，it was as if he had done it a thousand times．
As I sat there，my heart bursting with pride，it dawned on me．I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity，and he had just taught me the same lesson．That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court．He will play in the finals，but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses，at this moment，we both won．
4. What did the author estimate his son's team would be like at first？ ______
A. The team would lose at home court．
B. The team would finally win．
C. The team would win the championship．
D. The team would lose at visiting court．
5. Which of the following words can best describe the author？ ______
A. Self-doubting and pessimistic．
B. Self-confident and optimistic．
C. Hardworking and intelligent．
D. Easy-going and warmhearted．
6. What does the underlined phrase “tune out “in Paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Avoid B. Focus．
C. Create D. Receive．
7. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ ______
A. Life Goes Just Like Playing Basketball．
B. It Matters Whether to Win or Lose．
C. A Lesson in Life and Basketball．
D. Father and Son in Life．
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛过程中，看到儿子球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧不自信中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment-it was the opponent’s home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan’s team was trailing for three quarters of the game.（最近，当我看到我儿子Nathan为他的高中队打篮球时，我开始为自己和他感到难过。他的球队在球场上正面临着逆境，他在一个充满敌意的环境中打球，对手的主场体育馆里挤满了他们的支持者，Nathan的球队落后了3分比赛的四分之一。）”可知，一开始的时候，作者认为自己儿子所在的球队会失败，结合选项，故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I will find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities. This is the same belief that I tried to instill in my son.（在开车回家的路上，我一直告诉自己，我会在短时间内重新找到工作，我对自己的经验和能力充满信心，这和我试图灌输给儿子的信念是一样的。）”可知，作者对于自己是充满了信心，同时对生活也是积极乐观的态度。结合选项，故选B。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。“and”前后为两个并列的短语，由短语“nail the free throw with such skill（用这样的技术把罚球钉住）”可知，Nathan能够把所有的分心都解除。故可推知划线单词意为：避免。A. Avoid避免；B. Focus集中注意力；C. Create创造；D. Receive接收。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容，本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛过程中，看到儿子球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利，这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧不自信中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。所以选项C中的life与作者的生活状况呼应，其中的basketball与作者的孩子的比赛呼应，lesson与作者的体会呼应。故选C。
C
The world’s biggest electric vehicle — a 45-ton mining dump truck named the eDumper — may have to give up its throne. The newcomer, powered with both electricity and a reserve of hydrogen fuel, is going to steal that title as the largest electric mining truck.
London-based Anglo American is developing the beast of a machine — it weighs 290 tons — as part of its sustainable mining vision. The conceptual work is done, but U.K-based Williams Advanced Engineering will bring the truck to life. The idea is to replace the vehicle’s diesel engine (柴油机) with a high-power modular lithium-ion battery (锂电池). “We are delighted to be involved in this innovative and exciting project which shows the potential of battery technology that can adapt to increased demands, from automotive and motorsport to ‘heavy duty’ industrial applications,” Craig Wilson, managing director of Williams Advanced Engineering, said.
While the eDumper — a mining truck used to move stones from the sides of mountains in Switzerland — relies entirely on pure electricity and pure physics for power, the Anglo American truck will use both a lithium-ion battery and a hydrogen fuel cell (电池) module. Altogether, the new truck will have over 1,000 Kilowatt hours of energy storage.
Hydrogen fuel is a clear fuel that produces only water as a by-product when consumed in a fuel cell. It’s typically produced from natural gas, nuclear power, or renewable wind and solar power. Adding hydrogen fuel cells to the vehicle’s battery will allow the truck to run for longer periods of time without recharging.
There’s also a third type of power that comes into play with the Anglo American truck: kinetic (动力的) energy created through the process of regenerative braking (再生制动系统). When an electric vehicle — be it the Anglo American truck, or the eDumper — rolls down a hill, that movement creates electrical energy for the battery as you brake. The electric motors power the car through the battery’s stored energy, but can also become mini generators that return some energy back to the battery.
After Anglo American finishes test trials with the truck, the firm will conduct studies to understand how the truck’s power units can be used to provide energy storage in other applications.
8. What can be known about “the eDumper”?
A. It weighs more than 290 tons.
B. It is powered by hydrogen fuel.
C. It will no longer be the largest electric truck.
D. It will discourage buyers for being expensive.
9. What can be inferred from Craig Wilson’s words?
A. Battery technology is the key to updating vehicles.
B. Battery technology is the basis of manufacturing trucks.
C. The development of the lithium-ion battery is limited.
D. The future of the lithium-ion battery is promising.
10. What is the benefit of adopting hydrogen fuel cells?
A. It can save a lot of money.
B. Vehicles become eco-friendlier.
C. It has no environmental impact at all.
D. Vehicles no longer need to be recharged.
11. According to paragraph 5, which of the following can be a feature of regenerative braking?
A. Autonomous braking. B. Energy transformation.
C. Simple operation. D. zero-carbon emission.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于伦敦的英美资源集团（Anglo American）正在开发一种重达290吨的卡车，这将成为世界上最大的电动卡车。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The world’s biggest electric vehicle — a 45-ton mining dump truck named the eDumper — may have to give up its throne. The newcomer, powered with both electricity and a reserve of hydrogen fuel, is going to steal that title as the largest electric mining truck.(世界上最大的电动汽车——一辆45吨重的矿山自卸车，名叫eDumper ——可能不得不放弃它的宝座。这个同时使用电力和氢燃料储备新建造的车，将会夺得最大电力采矿卡车的称号。)”可知，eDumper将不再是最大的电动卡车。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The idea is to replace the vehicle’s diesel engine (柴油机) with a high-power modular lithium-ion battery (锂电池). “We are delighted to be involved in this innovative and exciting project which shows the potential of battery technology that can adapt to increased demands, from automotive and motorsport to ‘heavy duty’ industrial applications,” Craig Wilson, managing director of Williams Advanced Engineering, said.(这个想法是用一个大功率的模块化锂离子电池来代替汽车的柴油发动机。“我们很高兴参与这个创新和令人兴奋的项目，它展示了电池技术的潜力，可以适应从汽车和赛车到‘重型’工业应用等不断增长的需求。”)”可知，从Craig Wilson的话可以看出，锂离子电池的未来充满希望。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Hydrogen fuel is a clear fuel that produces only water as a by-product when consumed in a fuel cell. It’s typically produced from natural gas, nuclear power, or renewable wind and solar power. Adding hydrogen fuel cells to the vehicle’s battery will allow the truck to run for longer periods of time without recharging.(氢燃料是一种清洁的燃料，在燃料电池中消耗时只产生副产品水。它通常由天然气、核能或可再生风能和太阳能发电产生。将氢燃料电池添加到汽车的电池将允许卡车运行更长的时间不用充电。)”可知，氢燃料电池是一种更加环保的电池，由此可知，采用氢燃料电池的好处是汽车变得更加环保。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“When an electric vehicle — be it the Anglo American truck, or the eDumper — rolls down a hill, that movement creates electrical energy for the battery as you brake. The electric motors power the car through the battery’s stored energy, but can also become mini generators that return some energy back to the battery.(当一辆电动汽车——无论是英美卡车还是eDumper——从山上滚下来时，这种运动会在刹车时为电池产生电能。电动马达通过电池储存的能量为汽车提供动力，但也可以成为迷你发电机，将一些能量返回给电池。)”可知，能量转换是再生制动的一个特性，故选B。
D
The vaccine (疫苗) news continues to seem very encouraging. Britain started its mass vaccination effort and the U.S. isn’t far behind.
But there is still one dark cloud hanging over the vaccines that many people don’t yet understand.
The vaccines will be much less effective at preventing death and illness in 2021 if they are introduced into a population where the coronavirus is still severe—as is now the case in the U.S.
A vaccine is like a fire hose (消防龙头). A vaccine that’s 95 percent effective, as Moderna’s and Pfizer’s versions appear to be, is a powerful fire hose. But the size of a fire is still a bigger determinant of how much destruction occurs.
At the current level of infection in the U.S. (about 200,000 confirmed new infections per day), a vaccine that is 95 percent effective—distributed at the expected pace—would still leave a terrible toll (伤亡人数) in the six months after it was introduced. Almost 10 million or so Americans would catch the virus, and more than 160,000 would die.
This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective but the U.S. had reduced the infection rate to its level in early September (about 35,000 new daily cases). In that case, the death toll in the next six months would be kept to about 60,000.
It’s worth pausing for a moment on this comparison. If the U.S. had maintained its infection rate from September and Moderna and Pfizer had announced this fall that their vaccines were only 50 percent effective, a lot of people would have panicked.
But the reality we have is actually worse.
How could this be? No vaccine can get rid of a pandemic immediately, just as .no fire hose can put out a forest fire. While the vaccine is being distributed, the virus continues to do damage.
There is one positive way to look at this: Measures that reduce the virus’s spread—like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing—can still have great consequences. They can save more than 100,000 lives in coming months.
12. How does the author mainly present his argument?
A. By giving definitions. B. By categorizing facts.
C. By drawing comparisons. D. By appealing to emotions.
13. Which does the author think is a better way to save lives?
A. Improving the effectiveness of the vaccines.
B. Producing a greater variety of vaccines.
C. Looking at the situation in a positive way.
D. Wearing masks and practicing social distancing.
14. What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A. The vaccines are less effective than expected.
B. The US have controlled the spread of the coronavirus.
C. The death toll in the next six months will be about 60,000.
D. Fewer people will die if the infection rate is lower.
15. What can we infer from the text?
A. The vaccine is the hope of wiping out the pandemic.
B. The public are optimistic about the effects of the vaccine.
C. The public are concerned about the high infection rate.
D. The distribution of vaccine will end the pandemic quickly.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在疫情下，疫苗并不能有效地阻止新冠传播，最有效的方法还是戴上口罩，保持适当的距离。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A vaccine is like a fire hose . A vaccine that’s 95 percent effective, as Moderna’s and Pfizer’s versions appear to be, is a powerful fire hose. But the size of a fire is still a bigger determinant of how much destruction occurs.(疫苗就像消防水带。就像Moderna和Pfizer的版本一样，这种具有95％效力的疫苗是一种强大的消防水带。但是，火的大小仍是更大程度地决定发生多少破坏的决定因素)”可知，作者将新冠疫苗比作消防水带，引出疫情的影响并不是由疫苗所控制的。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“There is one positive way to look at this: Measures that reduce the virus’s spread—like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing—can still have great consequences. They can save more than 100,000 lives in coming months.(有一个积极的方法可以解决这一问题：减少病毒传播的措施（例如戴口罩，远离社会和进行快速结果检测）会产生重大后果。在未来几个月中，他们可以挽救100,000多条生命)”可知，作者认为戴口罩，保持社交距离是最有效预防新冠的措施。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段“This is far worse than the toll in a different situation where the vaccine was only 50 percent effective but the U.S. had reduced the infection rate to its level in early September (about 35,000 new daily cases). In that case, the death toll in the next six months would be kept to about 60,000.(这远比在另一种情况下造成的损失要糟糕得多，在这种情况下，疫苗的有效率仅为50％，但美国已将感染率降低到9月初的水平（每天约有35,000例新病例）。在这种情况下，未来六个月的死亡人数将保持在60,000人左右)”可知，美国的感染率下降到9月初的水平，死亡人数也相应减少。由此推知，感染率降低死亡人数也会减少。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The vaccine news continues to seem very encouraging. Britain started its mass vaccination effort and the U.S. isn’t far behind. (疫苗新闻似乎仍然令人鼓舞。英国开始大规模疫苗接种工作，而美国也紧随其后)”可知，人们非常乐于接种新冠疫苗。再结合倒数第四段“If the U.S. had maintained its infection rate from September and Moderna and Pfizer had announced this fall that their vaccines were only 50 percent effective, a lot of people would have panicked. 如果美国从9月开始保持感染率，并且如果Moderna和Pfizer今年秋天宣布其疫苗的有效率仅为50％，那么很多人就会感到恐慌)”可知，如果宣布疫苗有效率仅为50%的话，人们就会感到恐慌。由此推断出，大众乐于接受疫苗，是因为大众认为疫苗有效率高可以防御新冠，所以公众对疫苗的效果持乐观态度。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many healthcare workers know that washing hands is important to prevent the spread of infectious disease. ___16___ During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at Berkley University, they counted the number of times people touched their face with their hands. ___17___Whether we are aware of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our face with our hands frequently enough.
Imagine that you are able to record a full day of your actions. Better yet, reflect on what you did when you woke up yesterday morning. Let me give you an idea of my previous morning. I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 am. ___18___Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on the TV for my morning news, started making my coffee and finally hit the shower. It wasn’t even 5 minutes from the time I awoke and I already touched different objects. The point of this is to be aware that even in our homes we are exposed to germs in places we don’t realize.
Luckily, the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs. ___19___Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue. Unfortunately, there are a lot of areas on our face that do not have the protection of skin such as the eyes and mouth. There’s a reason to every wise proverb and our parents annoying us to wash our hands before dinner is not for nothing.
___20___If you have children, it is even more important to set the example because children are known to learn from adults. Let’s start a good habit of washing hands. As for your friends, don’t be shy about checking to make sure their hands are clean. Asking someone if they have washed their hands is caring. Checking to see if someone has washed their hands will benefit not only that person, but you and your family.
A. Our skin is the first line of defense.
B. Several minutes later, I turned off the alarm clock.
C. It is easy for us to admit that we wash our hands regularly.
D. They are more self-aware that hand washing should be practiced as needed.
E. Most importantly, it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.
F. They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on average.
G. Do the rest of your family members, especially children, wash their hands regularly?
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. A 20. E
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重要。尽管人体对有害细菌具有一定的防御能力，但是我们也要养成洗手的好习惯。
【16题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前Many healthcare workers know that washing hands is important to prevent the spread of infectious disease.(许多医护人员都知道洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重要)可知，D项They are more self-aware that hand washing should be practiced as needed.(他们比别人更加意识到应该根据需要洗手)能够承接上文。该选项中的They指的是前一句中的many healthcare workers。故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at Berkley University, they counted the number of times people touched their face with their hands.(在Nicas和Best在伯克利大学进行的一项研究中，他们计算了人们用手触摸脸部的次数)和空后Whether we are aware of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our face with our hands frequently enough.(无论我们是否意识到自己的行为，我们大多数人都认为我们经常用手摸脸)可知，F项They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on average.(他们发现受试者平均每小时触摸脸部15.7次)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的They指的是前一句中的Nicas and Best。故选F项。
【18题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 am.(早上6点钟我被闹钟叫醒了)和空后Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on the TV for my morning news, started making my coffee and finally hit the shower.(然后我查看了手机中的消息，打开电视听早间新闻，开始煮咖啡，最后洗了澡)可知，B项Several minutes later, I turned off the alarm clock.(几分钟后，我关闭了闹钟)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的the alarm clock在前一句中出现了。故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前Luckily, the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs.(幸运的是，人体对有害细菌具有惊人的防御能力)和空后Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue.(我们的白细胞就像士兵一样来营救我们)可知，A项Our skin is the first line of defense.(我们的皮肤是第一道防线)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的defense在前一句中出现了。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查段首句。根据空后If you have children, it is even more important to set the example because children are known to learn from adults.(如果你有孩子，树立榜样就更重要了，因为众所周知，孩子可以向成年人学习)可知，E项Most importantly, it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.(最重要的是，为朋友和家人树立正确的榜样是我们的责任)能够与下文连接通顺。该选项中的set the example在下一句中出现了。故选E项。
第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you know Little Free Libraries? They are the cute book exchange ____21____ on thousands of front yards and street comers. They are being ____22____ into sharing boxes filled with toilet paper, food and comfort items during the pandemic.
People at the free book ____23____ movement, which started in Wisconsin, have received many messages about the ____24____ of Little Free Libraries. So they designed a new map showing the box ____25____ around the world.
“____26____ and caring for each other are for the common good. That’s ____27____ at the heart of the Little Free Library Network,” said Margret Aldrich, head of media and programming for Little Free Library. On the new map, each sharing box location is ____28____ and often there is a note about what is being ____29____
“People had already used them to share and look out for each other in their communities,” Aldrich said. “So it was very _____30_____ to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.”
Heather Nelson’s box in Pewaukee is on the map. She _____31_____ it about five years ago in front of her house built in 1862. About a year ago, she began _____32_____ plants along with books in her library.
Tracy Reep Lay’s library is also in Pewaukee. She _____33_____ the books from the Little Free Library her husband built several years ago to stock it with things like _____34_____ thermometers(温度计), toothpaste and bars of soap. “I decided I would put in a lot of extra things I had when people were thinking of ways to _____35_____ each other. I had purchased them a long time before,” said Reep Lay.
21. A. bags B. boxes C. stores D. shelves
22. A. forced B. changed C. broken D. built
23. A. exchange B. possession C. ordering D. stocking
24. A. recalling B. reopening C. reserving D. reusing
25. A. decorations B. directions
C. locations D. instructions
26. A. Ability B. Humor C. Generosity D. Beauty
27. A. really B. relatively C. merely D. casually
28. A. rare B. clear C. strange D. close
29. A. considered B. described C. offered D. returned
30. A. early B. hard C. late D. easy
31. A. occupied B. removed C. abandoned D. installed
32. A. sharing B. growing C. borrowing D. hiding
33. A. threw away B. brought about
C. took out D. held back
34. A. unopened B. unlocked
C. unnamed D. unfinished
35. A. know B. entertain
C. protect D. help
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述近年来的疫情庭院街道的书籍交换箱变成了一个分享其它用品的盒子。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是遍布于成千上万个房子前院和街道角落的可爱的书籍交换箱。A. bags袋子；B. boxes盒子；箱子；C. stores商店；D. shelves架子。根据下文“They are being ________ into sharing boxes filled with toilet paper, food and comfort items during the pandemic.(在新冠肺炎期间，这些交换箱正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒。)”和“So they designed a new map showing the box ________ around the world.”以及下文多处可知此处填box. 故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在新冠肺炎期间，这些交换箱正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒。A. forced强迫；B. changed改变；C. broken打破；D. built修建。根据下文“So it was very ________ to transform them into boxes sharing more than books. ”可知，此处指这些交换箱正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒。change与transform是同义词复现。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这项始于美国威斯康星州的免费书籍交换运动中，人们收到了很多关于重新利用Little Free Libraries的信息。A. exchange交流；交换；B. possession拥有；C. ordering订购；D. stocking储存。根据第一段第二句的“book exchange”可知，此处填exchange。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. recalling回忆；B. reopening重新打开；C. reserving保留；D. reusing再使用。根据第四自然段“People had already used them to share...to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.”可知此处是给Little Free Libraries找到新的用途。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以他们设计了一张新地图来展示这些箱子在世界各地的位置。A. decorations装饰；B. directions方向；C. locations位置；D. instructions指示。根据下文“On the new map, each sharing box location is ________ and often there is a note about what is being _______.”可知，此处指他们设计了一张新地图来展示这些箱子在世界各地的位置，故填location。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：慷慨和对彼此的照顾是为了大家好。A. Ability能力；B. Humor幽默；C. Generosity慷慨；D. Beauty美。根据下文“and caring for each other”可知，空格处名词应与下文caring for each other语义接近，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是Little Free Library Network的核心。A. really真正地；确实；B. relatively相对地；C. merely仅仅；D. casually临时地；偶然地。根据语义，此处指“这确实是Little Free Library Network的核心”，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在新地图上，每一个分享箱的位置都是清晰的，并且通常会有一张纸条写着箱子里提供了什么。A. rare罕见的；B. clear清楚的；C. strange奇怪的；陌生的；D. close亲密的。根据上文“So they designed a new map showing the box _______ around the world.”可知，在地图上，每一个分享箱的位置都是清晰的。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. considered考虑；认为；B. described描述；C. offered提供；D. returned返回。根据上文“They are being _______ into sharing boxes filled with toilet paper, food and comfort items during the pandemic.”可知，这些交换箱在疫情期间正在变成充满厕纸、食物和安慰品的分享盒，所以此处指有一张纸条写着箱子里提供了什么。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此把这些箱子变成分享除书籍外的更多东西的地方很容易。A. early早的；B. hard困难的；C. late迟到的；D. easy容易的。根据上文““People had already used them to share and look out for each other in their communities,” Aldrich said. (社区里人们已经用这些箱子来分享和照顾彼此。)”可知，此处指把这些箱子变成分享除书籍外的更多东西的地方很容易。故这里应填easy。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Heather Nelson在皮沃基的箱子也在地图上，她五年前在她建于1862年的房子前安装了这个箱子。A. occupied占据；B. removed移开；去掉；C. abandoned舍弃；D. installed安装。根据语境，此处指她在房子前安装了这个箱子。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在一年前，她在她的小图书馆里开始分享植物和书籍。由上A. sharing分享；B. growing长大；C. borrowing借；D. hiding躲藏。根据上下文可知，这个小箱子是用来分享的地方。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Tracy Reep Lay的图书馆也在皮沃基，她把书从她丈夫几年前建的小图书馆里拿出来，在里面放上没打开的温度计、牙膏和香皂。A. threw away扔掉；B. brought about提出；C. took out拿出；D. held back阻止。根据上文“So it was very ________ to transform them into boxes sharing more than books.”可知，这个箱子变成了分享除书籍外的更多东西的地方。所以，她把书从小图书馆里拿出来，在里面放上其它东西。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unopened未开封的；B. unlocked未锁的；C. unnamed未披露姓名的；D. unfinished未完成的。根据下文“I had purchased them a long time before”可知，温度计、牙膏和香皂是还没打开的。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定在人们想方设法互相帮助的时候(在我的小图书馆里)放一些我所拥有的额外的东西。A. know知道；B. entertain娱乐；C. protect保护；D. help帮助。根据上文“_______ and caring for each other are for the common good. That’s _______ at the heart of the Little Free Library Network”可知，此处指人们想方设法互相帮助的时候。故选D。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
课文填空：阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal, ________ (demonstrate) great talent and personality in the process. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】demonstrating
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在1960年罗马奥运会上，他赢得了轻量级金牌，并在这一过程中展现了伟大的天赋和个性。分析句子可知，设空处在句子中做伴随状语，和逻辑主语he是主动关系，应填现在分词。故填demonstrating。
37. The majority of these sports are identical ______ those at the Olympics but other sports, such as wushu, have been added too. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意：这些项目中的大多数与奥运会项目相同，但也增加了武术等其他项目。be identical to和……相同，固定搭配。故填to。
38. If someone makes a bad mistake which________(intentional) harms their own interests, they are said to have scored an own goal. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】intentionally
【详解】考查副词。句意：如果有人犯了严重的错误，故意损害了他们的利益，那么据说他们就是进了一个乌龙球。根据句意“故意损害”和分析句子可知，设空处需用副词intentionally，修饰动词harms。故填intentionally。
39. Our own personal genome carries all the information ______ (need) to make us grow and develop. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】needed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们个人的基因组携带着我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词carries，所以need应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是information，和need之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填needed。
40. We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating ______ some have called “designer babies”. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们还将能够在孩子出生之前为他们选择特定的特征，有些人称之为“设计师婴儿”。分析句子可知，空格处应填入宾语从句的引导词。该引导词在从句中作宾语，故用what引导。故填what。
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Putting down the mobile phone, talking about negative feelings with friends or seeking professional advice are some of the methods to help tackle depression and ___41___ (anxious) during the COVID-19 outbreak, experts said.
___42___ the virus continues to circulate and lockdowns trigger mental stress, experts have also called for greater investment in mental health services nationwide.
The World Health Organization said in March that the prevalence of depression around the world ___43___ (increase) by 25 percent in the first year of the pandemic.
Lu Lin, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and president of the Peking University Sixth Hospital, said at ___44___ conference this month that China is no exception to the ___45___ (globe) trend.
From March 2020 to March 2021, the prevalence of depression and insomnia(失眠)in China had risen and repeated COVID outbreaks, quarantine requirements and the high risk of exposure ___46___ the virus could all contribute to ___47___ (worsen) people’s mental condition, according to data shared by Lu during the event.
In an interview with People’s Daily, Lu said that some misinformation circulated online during the epidemic ___48___ (magnify) people’s sense of panic.
The public should pay closer attention to information released by authoritative outlets, he suggested. People should also reduce the amount of time ___49___they spend in front of screens and instead chat with friends or family, listen to music or exercise to relax ____50____ (they).
【答案】41. anxiety 42. As 43. increased 44. a 45. global 46. to 47. worsening 48. had magnified 49. that##which 50. themselves
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织3月表示，在新冠肺炎疫情的第一年，全球抑郁症流行率增加了25%。专家表示放下手机、与朋友谈论负面情绪或寻求专业建议是帮助应对抑郁和焦虑的一些方法。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：专家表示，在新冠肺炎疫情期间，放下手机、与朋友谈论负面情绪或寻求专业建议是帮助应对抑郁和焦虑的一些方法。根据空格前的and可知，此处应填名词与 depression并列作宾语，anxious的名词形式为anxiety。故填anxiety。
【42题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：随着病毒继续传播，封锁引发精神压力，专家们也呼吁在全国范围内加大对精神健康服务的投资。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。根据句意，此处表“随着”，故用连词 as。置于句首首字母应大写，故填As。
【43题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：世界卫生组织3月表示，在大流行的第一年，全球抑郁症流行率增加了25%。分析句子可知，空格为宾语从句的谓语动词。根据句中时间状语in the first year of the pandemic可知，此处应用一般过去时态。故填increased。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国科学院院士、北京大学第六医院院长卢林在本月的一次会议上表示，中国也不例外。根据句意，此处指“一次会议”，表泛指，且conference的发音为辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语，globe的名词形式为global。故填global。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：卢在活动期间分享的数据显示，从2020年3月到2021 3月，中国抑郁症和失眠症的流行率上升，反复爆发的冠状病毒疫情、检疫要求和接触该病毒的高风险都可能导致人们的精神状况恶化。exposure常与介词to搭配，意为“接触……”。故填to。
【47题详解】
考查动名词。句意同上。contribute to意为“导致……”，to是介词，其后应用动名词作宾语。故填worsening。
【48题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：在接受《人民日报》采访时，卢表示，疫情期间网上流传的一些错误信息放大了人们的恐慌感。分析句子可知，空格处为宾语从句的谓语动词。主句的谓语动词 said是一般过去时，此处宾语从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。故填had magnified。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：人们也应该减少在屏幕前花费的时间，转而与朋友或家人聊天、听音乐或锻炼来放松自己。分析句子可知，空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。先行词是time，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作spend的宾语，故用关系代词that/ which。故填that/ which。
【50题详解】
考查代词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词作宾语。主语和宾语相同时应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
51. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧社的外籍教师Jim因疫情滞留美国。复学在即，作为戏剧社负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：
1. 条件及要求；
2. 表示感谢；
3. 提醒注意防护。
注意：1. 词数 80-100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you doing? I hope everything’s OK with you.
Our school’s drama club plans to start practising. Since you’re away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place. Would you please recommend one for us? He or she should be a native English speaker, currently in Hunan, and experienced in both directing and teaching. Thank you for your help. Please take care of yourself. Remember to wear a mask when necessary.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是一篇应用文写作。要求考生给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
开始：start→begin
推荐：recommend→suggest
代替某人：in one’s place→take sb.’s place
照顾：take care of→look after
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Would you please recommend one for us?
拓展句：I wonder if you can recommend one for us?
【点睛】[高分句型1]Since you’re away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place.(since引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2]Remember to wear a mask when necessary.(when引导时间状语从句的省略)
第二节(满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After filling out 50 applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get -a teaching job in what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was 14-teaching English.
School started, I was teaching English. I worked hard, only taking time off to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixth-grade class—17 boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic (理想主义的) teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs (纸团) and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounded reasonable, but the text obviously ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable. By the time my boss, who was a taskmaster known to be the strictest, most demanding and quickest to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.
My boss sat in the back of the room. The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed (锉) their nails or read magazines. I just pretended it all wasn’t happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. My boss, sitting in the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger. After 20 minutes, he left silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes. I felt mildly proud that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period, I had to face him.
Paragraph 1:
After class, I walked to his office, took a deep breath and opened the door. _______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Inspired by his advice, I walked toward the classroom, determined to make a change. _______
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】After class, I walked to his office, took a deep breath and opened the door. My boss was sitting in his chair with a poker face, gazing at me silently. Anxious and ashamed, I said nothing, wondering if he would fire me right away. He handed me an envelope, which added to my anxiety at that moment. However, my eyes were wide open when I opened it and read the letter. It was not an unemployment letter but a letter with several suggestions about my teaching, one of which was highlighted in red: An educator should respect students’ feelings. Almost immediately, a surge of warmth rose inside me.
Inspired by his advice, I walked toward the classroom, determined to make a change. As the bell rang, I stood on the platform, eyes wandering across the classroom. I cleared my throat and announced, “Boys and girls, let’s begin with what you think about my literature lesson.” Suddenly, a complete silence fell over the class. Each student lifted their head and cast me a puzzled look. Flashing a smile, I encouraged, “Anything you’d like to say is welcome!” At this, a ripple of excitement spread through the classroom. The literature class soon amazingly came to life thanks to their brilliant voices. It was at that time that I fully understood what my boss taught me: respecting the students instead of ignoring them will make a difference.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去了偏远的荒野地区——新泽西西部——教英语，在工作中苦苦挣扎，学生们在教室后面扔纸团，说脏话，而作者的领导也特别严格，最会开除没有经验的老师。领导看到了作者课上学生的众多不良行为后，给了作者建议，作者也因此下定决心做出改变，领悟到尊重学生而不是忽视他们会产生很大影响。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下课后，我走到他的办公室，深吸了一口气，打开了门。”可知，第一段可描写作者面对领导时发生的事情，领导给了作者建议。
②由第二段首句内容“在他的建议的鼓舞下，我走向教室，决心做出改变。”可知，第二段可描写作者收到建议鼓舞后的所作所为，作者开始鼓励学生发言。
2. 续写线索：作者来到领导办公室——作者面对领导感到焦虑羞愧——领导给出建议——作者受到鼓舞——作者做出改变——作者感悟
3. 词汇激活
①解雇：fire / kick out
②递给某人某物：hand sb. sth. / pass sth. to sb.
③宣布：announce / declare / annunciate
情绪类
①困惑的：puzzled / confused
②惊奇地：amazingly / surprisingly
【点睛】[高分句型1] Anxious and ashamed, I said nothing, wondering if he would fire me right away. (运用了形容词作状语以及if引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] He handed me an envelope, which added to my anxiety at that moment. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
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