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2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023-1雅礼中学高二上期中考试
英 语
时量：120分钟满分：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)略
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you’d rather eat out on Thanksgiving or order the meal to go, you have no shortage of options. Here are some Chicago restaurants celebrating the holiday with a variety of dishes on offer.
Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bars, 546 N. Wells St
Go French for Thanksgiving, with Cyrano’s six-course to-go menu. It’s packed with four appetizers; four vegetable sides; pumpkin soup; a choice of turkey, duck or chicken; a cheese plate, and desserts. Also included: reheating instructions. The cost is US$39 a person. To order, call (312)467-0546.
Fairmont Chicago, 200 N. Columbus Drive
The hotel is going retro (怀旧的) and green this year with its Thanksgiving to-go menu, from organic green bean casserole (砂锅) made with mushroom soup to organic mashed potatoes with bacon bits and sour cream. The meal, which serves 8 to 10, is US$195, plus tax. Orders must be in by 3 p.m. Wednesday. To order, call (312)565-6665.
Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club, 3700 N. Halsted St
The restaurant celebrates Thanksgiving a day early with a three-course menu on Wednesday. Menu items include a wild mushroom tart (馅饼) with Gruyere and Cabernet-marinated steak with Havarti mashed potatoes. The US$35 dinner each, tax and tip not included, includes a martini. For reservations, call (773)525-1111.
Lawry’s The Prime Rib, 100 E. Ontario St
The star of the Thanksgiving menu is organic, free-range turkey from Pennsylvania. To-go dinner package also will be offered, with 10 percent of proceeds (收益) going to the Greater Chicago Food Depository. Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14. Orders must be placed by Tuesday. Call (312)787-5000.
Popeyes, various locations
Thirteen of the chicken chain’s Chicago locations are taking orders now for takeout fried turkeys. The turkeys, which serve 8 to 10, range from US$40 to US$45. Use the restaurant locator at www.popeyes.com for locations and phone numbers.
1. If a person wants to order sweet food like pudding, he or she should dial ________.
A. (312)467-0546 B. (312)787-50000 C. (773)525-1111 D. (312)565-6665
2. Which restaurant offers the cheapest meal for each person?
A. Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bar. B. Fairmont Chicago.
C. Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club. D. Lawry’s The Prime Rib.
3. If a 13-member family wants to celebrate Thanksgiving at home, they should order food in ________.
A. Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club B. Fairmont Chicago
C. Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bar D. Lawry’s The Prime Rib
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五家不同的可以在感恩节用餐或外带的餐厅，这些餐厅的菜肴和价格以及联系方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句“Go French for Thanksgiving, with Cyrano’s six-course to-go menu. It’s packed with four appetizers; four vegetable sides; pumpkin soup; a choice of turkey, duck or chicken; a cheese plate, and desserts.(感恩节去法国，吃Cyrano的六道菜外带菜单。它挤满了四道开胃菜；四个蔬菜面；南瓜汤；火鸡、鸭肉或鸡肉的选择；奶酪盘和甜点)”可知，Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bars提供甜品，联系电话是(312)467-0546。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“The cost is US$39 a person. (费用为每人39美元)”；三段倒数第二句“The meal, which serves 8 to 10, is US$195, plus tax. (这顿饭8至10人，含税195美元)”；四段倒数第二句“The US$35 dinner each, tax and tip not included, includes a martini. (每顿35美元的晚餐（不含税和小费）包括一杯马提尼酒)”；五段倒数第二句“Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14. (外卖套餐从个人火鸡晚餐27美元到12至14份餐480美元不等)”；最后一段倒数第二句“The turkeys, which serve 8 to 10, range from US$40 to US$45. (火鸡供应8至10只，价格从40美元到45美元不等)”可知，五家餐厅中单人最便宜的一家是Fairmont Chicago。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段倒数第二句“Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14.(外卖套餐从个人火鸡晚餐27美元到12至14份餐480美元不等)”可知，Lawry’s The Prime Rib可以提供13人的餐。故选D。
B
I enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – “Do We Need It?” and “Put It in Its Place”– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine.
If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. I consider this unhealthy. I want to be better at moving on.
So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love. Can I go full Kondo? I will try. One central idea is to clean by category. You start by collecting all clothes and gathering them together for consideration. It makes you rethink how you organize. Next, hold each item and ask if it brings you joy. This way you’re choosing what to keep. And that’s how I find myself with all my clothes on my bedroom floor. My wife walks by and gives me a look that says I’m nuts. She’s probably not wrong.
Somewhere near the bottom of this chaos is my special jacket. I move through the pile: pants, shirts, suits and shoes. Then my last category: jackets. I haven’t worn the thing in about 30 years. Somehow, it has survived. Now that I’m striving to follow Kondo – surely, its time has come?
I hold it in my hand. There is a tear just below the collar that widens as I hold it. It’s literally falling apart. Will I ever wear it again? Not a chance. Does it feel good to wear? Does it bring me joy? Actually, yes. At this moment, my daughter walks in. She asks about the jacket. I tell her the story. She thinks I should keep it. It’s cool and unique and full of memories. She is arguing that nostalgia (怀念) is the very reason.
I’m not entirely convinced by my daughter’s arguments. I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.
4. What does the underlined word “discarded” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. adjusted B. reserved C. abandoned D. tidied
5. What drives the author to read The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up?
A. To learn how to categorize. B. To improve his tidying skills.
C. To persuade his family members. D. To develop passion for minimalism.
6. What is the attitude of the author’s family members toward minimalism?
A. They don’t understand it. B. They completely support it.
C. They are strongly opposed to it. D. They are less passionate about it.
7. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Knowing when to let go B. Classifying what you love
C. Throwing worn-out clothes D. Keeping valuable possessions
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文中作者喜欢完全的极简主义风格，但家人并不支持他，为了提高整理技巧，作者去读了《改变生活的整理魔法》。在整理满地的衣服时，作者发现了难以舍弃的夹克衫，又把它放在了“保留”堆里。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. ”（说实话，我自己的整理技能并没有我想要的那么好。我的“discarded”堆从来都不是我想要的垃圾山，因为我为东西为什么有用找借口）可知，爱整理的作者，整理出来要扔弃的不是自己想要的垃圾山。故划线词意思是丢弃，近义词是abandoned。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I want to be better at moving on.”(我想更好地继续前进)以及第三段“So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love.”（所以，这次我找到了帮助——为像我这样的人准备的经典书籍:近藤麻理惠的《改变生活的整理魔法》。近藤对她的技艺的投入是惊人的。她的哲学是只保留自己喜欢的东西）可知，提高他的整理技巧是驱使作者去读《改变生活的整理魔法》。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – ‘Do We Need It?’ and ‘Put It in Its Place’– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine. ”（我喜欢扔掉东西。我喜欢完全的极简主义风格，但我的妻子和两个十几岁的孩子不喜欢我那种几乎什么都没有的房子的梦想。我已经试过了。当孩子们还小的时候，我教他们我最喜欢的两个游戏——“我们需要它吗?”和《放回原处》——每隔几个月就让他们演奏一次。他们的热情永远比不上我）可知，家人们对极简主义不那么有激情。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据最后一段“I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.”（我相信向前看，而不是向后看。然而，有时候放手是很难的。所以我轻轻地把夹克放在“保留”那一堆）可知，作者一直坚持极简主义风格，但是在整理过程中也遇到了难以取舍的物品，所以本文围绕着“在收纳过程中知道什么时候放手”的主题展开。“知道什么时候放手”适合做最佳标题。故选A。
C
Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (脑内啡) — chemicals in the body that cause happiness — are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.
Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.
But after being given a drug to block their endorphins the change. However, when their endocannabinoids were block with a different drug, their runner’s high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner's high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.
The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression.
“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.
8. What did scientists from German universities recently discover?
A. Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.
B. The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids.
C. Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running.
D. The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood.
9. The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to .
A. find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms
B. see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high
C. identify what is responsible for the runner’s high
D. test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released
10. The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to .
A. effect B. goal
C. question D. belief
11. According to the UK’s National Health Service, regular workouts .
A. are the best way to treat depression
B. can help ease depression symptoms
C. only work for those with serious depression
D can help people completely recover from depression
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。跑步通常很累人，也很辛苦，但没有什么能比你在跑道上长时间锻炼后的感觉更好。即使我们不完全理解它来自哪里。至少，如果我们情绪低落，我们知道我们所要做的就是穿上跑鞋。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.可知，德国几所大学的一组科学家最近发表的一项研究表明，一种叫做内源性大麻素的化学物质可能是造成这种熟悉的感觉的真正原因。由此可知，跑步者的兴奋可能是由内源性大麻素引起的。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三、四段According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素）may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.(德国几所大学的一组科学家最近发表的一项研究表明，一种叫做内源性大麻素的化学物质可能是造成这种熟悉的感觉的真正原因)和To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.(为了验证这个理论，科学家们用老鼠做实验)可知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠注射了药物，以确定导致跑步者兴奋的原因。故选C。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第七段中The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,可知，长久以来认为内啡肽导致跑步者的兴奋的notion是错误的。内啡肽是一种有效的镇痛物质，但只有当你在锻炼后感到身体和肌肉疼痛时，你才会感到疼痛。由此推知，notion指的是“观点，意见”。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,(如果你患有抑郁症，有规律的锻炼可以改善你的情绪，这对患有轻度到中度抑郁症的人尤其有用)可知，根据英国国家健康服务中心的数据，定期锻炼可以缓解抑郁症的症状。故选B。
D
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
12. Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly?
A. They did not have sufficient fund.
B. No ready-made components were available.
C. There was no model in their mind.
D. It was hard for them to assemble the components.
13. What do we know about the robotic fly?
A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C. The robotic fly can collect information from many sources.
D. The robotic fly can fly well with the cooperation of individual components.
14. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic fly can replace animals in some experiments.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.
D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
15. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The development of robotic fly.
B. Robotic fly promotes engineering science.
C. Harvard’s efforts in making robotic fly.
D. Robotic fly imitates real life insect.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了哈佛大学团队创造了第一只机器人苍蝇。机械苍蝇已成为一系列新的高科技集成系统的平台，它可以做自然苍蝇做的事情，还可以在空中并执行飞行任务。但最终目标是为它配备内置电源，以便它有朝一日可以在救援地点、农田或战场上进行数据收集工作。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句““The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.(“像这样的项目的额外困难在于，实际上这些组件都不是现成的，因此我们必须自己开发它们，”他说)”可知，制作机器人苍蝇的困难在于需要自己开发小的组件。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to.” said Wood. (他们设计了一系列系统来启动和驱动机器人苍蝇。伍德说：“看似简单的系统，只是移动机翼，它的各个部件之间有许多相互依赖的关系，每个部件都必须各自表现良好，但必须与它所连接的所有部件都匹配良好。”)”可知，机器人苍蝇虽然由各个小组件组合而成，但它们互相配合良好。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. (“你知道，你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放的科学问题，以对动物来说很难的方式研究生物学，而是使用这些机器人。”)”可知，可以用这些机器人去代替实验中的动物们。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段“A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. (哈佛大学的一个工程师团队受到大自然的启发，创造了第一个机器人苍蝇。机械飞已成为一系列新型高科技集成系统的平台。设计用于做苍蝇自然做的事情，这个微型机器只有一只胖家蝇那么大。它的迷你机翼使其能够停留在空中并执行受控的飞行任务)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍科学家们研究出来世界上第一只机器人苍蝇，可以做生物苍蝇做的事情，同时还可以执行任务，即机器人苍蝇可以模仿真正的昆虫。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is an English saying: “____16____“ Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. ____17____
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. ____18____ If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. ____19____
____20____ They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
A. Laughter can prolong one’s life.
B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain.
D. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.
E. Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still cannot put this theory into clinic practice.
F. Laughter is the best medicine.
G. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了美国有一句谚语：笑是最好的良药。最近科学家开始研究笑和人的身体之间的关系，发现笑和体育运动一样，可以让人变得更健康。
【16题详解】
由后文“Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. （然而，现在，医生们已经开始研究笑及其对人体的影响。）”可知，前文提及的谚语会和笑有关系，F选项符合文意。故选F。
【17题详解】
由上文“Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. （然而，现在，医生们已经开始研究笑及其对人体的影响。）”和下文“Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. （进行了测试以研究笑对身体的影响。）”可知，该句承上启下，会涉及到科学家们针对笑对人体的影响做一些研究，G选项符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
由上文“Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. （进行了测试，以研究笑声对身体的影响。当医生检查他们的心脏、血压、呼吸和肌肉时，人们会看有趣的电影。人们发现，笑声与体育锻炼具有相似的效果。）可知，横线处的句子承接上文，继续说明研究人员发现的笑对身体健康的具体表现，故选D。
19题详解】
根据前文“The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.（忍受疼痛时间最长群体是听滑稽节目的群体。）”可知，横线处的句子解释笑为什么会缓解疼痛，C选项“笑之所以能减轻疼痛，似乎是因为它有助于在大脑中产生一种化学物质，从而减轻压力和疼痛”符合文意。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据后文“They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.（他们发现，即使他们的病人真的不想笑，让他们微笑也足以产生类似于笑声引起的有益效果。）”可知，横线处的句子要说明医生通过让病人微笑来起到治疗的效果。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Pete Eckert started going blind, he decided to channel his feelings of loss into art. In his 20s at the time, Eckert would spend whole days preparing drawings and woodcuts before asking his wife to ____21____ the results to him. But the process was driving his wife ____22____. So, in search of a more instant medium, he turned his hand to photography.
“When I started out, digital cameras hadn’t ____23____ traditional photography shops yet,” Eckert said on the phone from his home in Sacramento, California. “I would go to those photography shops and buy two rolls of film and ask ten ____24____ questions. I went every day. And by asking questions and getting ____25____, I learned.”
More than two decades after entirely losing his sight from an eye disease, Eckert has ____26____ a successful career as a self-taught photographer now. When he first ____27____ the world of photography, Eckert would go on short trips at night with his dog for ____28____. He began by photographing statues, though he soon ____29____ more interesting subject matter. “To take photos of sculptures isn’t really ____30____ because the art is already there,” he said. “What I was looking for was a way of showing what ____31____ is like.”
This new focus resulted in a ____32____ kind of photographic beauty — images ____33____ of ghostly figures and artfully vague (模糊的) lines that no one had ever tried before.
Eckert’s images aren’t ____34____ metaphors (暗喻) for blindness. Many of them have been shot to literally represent what his mind sees, offering sighted people a clear ____35____ into his world.
21. A. predict B. describe C. question D. confirm
22. A. worried B. lonely C. crazy D. disappointed
23. A. run into B. given away C. put off D. wiped out
24. A. professional B. academic C. difficult D. important
25. A. belief B. expectation C. judgment D. instruction
26. A. established B. introduced C. spotted D. ruined
27. A. put up with B. stood up for C. took charge of D. set foot in
28. A. protection B. inspiration C. promotion D. attraction
29. A. accepted B. invented C. sought D. checked
30. A. new B. fair C. hard D. easy
31. A. blindness B. world C. space D. loneliness
32 A. popular B. traditional C. practical D. unique
33. A. accused B. composed C. rid D. cleared
34. A. hardly B. simply C. rarely D. seriously
35. A. reason B. target C. view D. message
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了一名盲人在每天去照相馆询问摄影专业问题后，自学成才，用自己独特的摄影风格，成为了一名非常知名的摄影师。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时20多岁的埃克特会在向妻子询要求描述结果之前花一整天准备图纸和木刻。A.predict预报，预言；B.describe描写，描述；C. question质问，询问；D. confirm确认，证实。根据常识，作者是盲人看不到，所以是请自己的妻子给自己描述绘画的结果。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这个过程正在驱使他的妻子变的疯狂。A.worried焦虑的，担忧的；B.lonely孤独的，寂寞的；C.crazy疯狂的；D.disappointed失望的。根据but表转折和常识可知，妻子总是给他描述绘画的结果快疯了。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：“当我刚开始时，数码相机还没有摧毁传统的摄影店,”埃克特在加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托的家中通过电话说。A.run into偶然遇见； B.given away赠送，分发；C.put off延期，欺诈；D.wiped out彻底摧毁。由下文“buy two rolls of film”可知，那时候还流行胶片，即那个时候数码相机还没有代替胶片，即还没有彻底摧毁传统摄影点。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我会去那些摄影店买两卷胶卷，问十个专业的问题，我每天都去。”A.professional职业的，专业的；B.academic学院的，学术的；C. difficult困难的；D.important重要的。根据后文的“I learned”可知，作者通过这些问题获得了摄影相关的知识，所以问的是专业的问题。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过提问和获取说明，我学到了。A.belief信念；B.expectation预料，期望；C.judgment判断；D.instruction命令，指示。结合上文，作者每天去问十个专业的问题，对方给出相应的指导，从而学会了摄影。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在因眼部疾病完全失明二十多年后，埃克特现在作为一名自学成才的摄影师建立了成功的职业生涯。A.established建立；B.introduced介绍，引见；C. spotted认出；D.ruined毁灭。 由后文的“a successful career as a self-taught photographer now”可知，是建立了成功的职业生涯。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：当他第一次进入摄影世界时，埃克特会带着他的狗保护自己在晚上去短途旅行。A.put up with忍受，容忍； B.stood up for支持，拥护；C.took charge of负责，担任；D.set foot in踏入，涉足于。由横线前的first和后面的“the world of photography”可知，他是第一次接触摄影，即第一次踏进摄影业。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他第一次进入摄影世界时，埃克特会带着他的狗保护自己在晚上去短途旅行。A.protection保护，保卫；B.inspiration灵感，鼓舞；C.promotion晋级，提升；D.attraction 吸引。结合常识，晚上出去旅行不是很安全，带上狗是为了保护自己。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从拍摄雕像开始，不过他很快就找到了更有趣的主题。A.accepted接受；B.invented发明，创造；C.sought寻找；D.checked检查。由后文的“more interesting subject matter”可知，是在拍摄雕像之后不会便找到了更加有趣的主题。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“拍摄雕塑照片并不是很公平，因为艺术已经存在，”他说。A.new新的；B.fair公平的；C.hard困难的；D.easy容易的。根据常识和后文“the art is already there”可知，雕像本身就是一种艺术形式，拍摄他们不能算是自己的艺术，所以拍摄雕像不是很公平。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我正在寻找一种展示失明是什么样子的方式。”A.blindness失明；B.world世界；C.space空间；D.loneliness孤独，寂寞。根据下文“ghostly figures and artfully vague lines”结合作者失明的事实可知，作者想要拍出属于自己风格的艺术，即想展示失明的世界是怎样的。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种新的焦点产生了一种独特的摄影之美——由幽灵般的人物和以前从未有人尝试过的巧妙模糊线条构成图像。A.popular流行的，受欢迎的；B.traditional传统的，惯例的；C.practical实际的，实践的；D.unique唯一的，独特的。根据后“no one had ever tried before”可知，之前从未有人尝试过这种风格，所以它是独一无二的。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种新的焦点产生了一种独特的摄影之美——由幽灵般的人物和以前从未有人尝试过的巧妙模糊线条构成图像。A.accused控告；B.composed组成；C.rid摆脱；D.cleared清除。结合常识，摄影的图像是由人物和线条构成的。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：埃克特的图像不是失明的简单暗喻。A.hardly几乎不；B.simply简单地；C.rarely很少地；D.seriously严重地。根据“offering sighted people a clear 15 into his world.”可知，他的作品是有深意的，希望别人也可以看到他眼中的世界，所以不仅仅是失明的一种暗喻。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们中的许多人拍的照片是从字面上代表他的思想所看到的，而他是让视力正常的人清楚地看到他的世界。A.reason原因；B. target目标；C.view视野；D.message信息。 由后面的“his world”可知，他的作品是希望其他视力正常的人也可以从他的视角去看世界。故选C。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
36. When I saw it up close, I ________ (strike) by the small areas of light across the paintings, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was struck
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我近距离观察它时，我被画上的小区域的光线所震撼，以及人物柔软的边缘似乎混合在一起的方式。分析句子结构可知，本句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句中缺少谓语动词，所以strike应该做谓语，根据后文and后的并列句用的是一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时，根据空后的by表“被”之意可知，和主语I之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故填was struck。
37. I couldn’t believe ________ when I heard he did around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond, all in different colours and styles. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】it
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：当我听说他为同一个睡莲池做了大约250幅画作时，我简直不敢相信，所有画的颜色和风格都不同。分析句子可知，此处应使用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面when引导的时间状语从句。故填it。
38. The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, ___________ (feature) crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】featuring
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一部分展示了汴京附近宁静的乡村生活场景，以农田、蜿蜒的河流和辛勤劳作的农民为特色。句中present为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词，此处section与feature之间是主动关系，且表示伴随，故使用现在分词作状语。故填featuring。
39. The ancient scroll has survived the test of time ________ (remarkable) well. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】remarkably
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：这幅古老的卷轴非常好地经受住了时间的考验。根据句意，应用副词remarkably修饰副词well，意为“不寻常地，惊人地”。故填remarkably。
40. Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those ________ constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that##which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：易于理解的诗歌往往不如那些不断揭示更深层次和以前未被认识到的含义的诗有趣。分析句子可知，those后面的句子为定语从句，先行词为those，指代poems。先行词为物，定语从句缺主语，应使用关系代词that/which引导该定语从句。故填that/which。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers recently have found a surprising and ____41____ (benefit) impact of lightning with the result of a study ____42____ (publish) in Science. The study found that lightning may play a bigger role in global climate change ____43____ was previously known by the scientific community. “Lightning increases the atmosphere’s ability to clean itself, the researchers wrote in the study.
The Earth ____44____ (strike) by lightning nearly 20 million times each year, which travels as much as 10 to 12 miles from a thunderstorm, thus instantly ____45____ (heat) the air to 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏温度) according to the National Weather Service.
Researchers realized that the increase in hydroxyl radicals (羟基自由基) in the atmosphere ____46____ they observed was connected to the lightning ____47____ (flash). Hydroxyl radicals, also described as a “chemical cleaner”, were important chemical compounds (混合物) found in the atmosphere. As ____48____ result, the study predicted that between 2% and 16% of the oxidizing (氧化) or cleaning is done by lightning. The oxidizing or cleaning happens ____49____ (natural) in the Earth atmosphere. Researchers say that more studies will need to be conducted to confirm the degree _____50_____ which lightning contributes to the fight against global climate change.
【答案】41. beneficial
42. published
43. than 44. is struck
45. heating
46. that##which
47. flashes
48. a 49. naturally
50. to
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，空气中2%到16%的氧化或清洁是通过闪电完成的。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究人员最近在《科学》杂志上发表的一项研究结果中发现了闪电的一种令人惊讶的有益影响。分析句子可知，“impact”为名词，应用形容词修饰，“benefit”为名词，对应的形容词为“beneficial”，意为“有益的”，作定语。故填beneficial。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员最近在《科学》杂志上发表一项研究结果中发现了闪电的一种令人惊讶的有益影响。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“have found”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“publish”意为“发表”，动词词性，“study”和“publish”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“publish”的过去分词“published”。故填published。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：研究发现，闪电在全球气候变化中的作用可能比科学界先前所知的更大。根据句意和句中“bigger”可知，句子为比较级，空格处应用介词“than”，意为“（用以引出比较的第二部分）比”。故填than。
【44题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：据国家气象局的数据，地球每年被闪电击中近2000万次，闪电距离雷暴的距离高达10到12英里，从而瞬间将空气加热到5万华氏度。根据句意和句中“each year”可知，句子陈述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，“Earth”和“strike”为被动关系，故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，“Earth”与“is”连用，“strike”意为“击，打”，动词词性，过去分词为“struck”，故空格处应填“is struck”。故填is struck。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据国家气象局的数据，地球每年被闪电击中近2000万次，闪电距离雷暴的距离高达10到12英里，从而瞬间将空气加热到5万华氏度。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“travels”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句中表示自然而然的结果，故应用现在分词作结果状语，“heat”意为“加热”，动词词性，现在分词为“heating”。故填heating。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究人员意识到，他们观察到的大气中羟基自由基的增加与闪电有关。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“hydroxyl radicals”，指物，在从句中作宾语，故应用关系代词“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：研究人员意识到，他们观察到的大气中羟基自由基的增加与闪电有关。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作介词“to”的宾语，“flash”意为“闪光”，为可数名词，“lightning flash”意为“闪电”，句中的闪电指一类事物，应用“flash”的复数形式“flashes”。故填flashes。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：因此，研究预测2%到16%的氧化或清洁是通过闪电完成的。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“as a result”，意为“因此”，故空格处应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：氧化或清洁在地球大气中自然发生。分析句子可知，句中“happens”为动词，应用副词修饰，作状语，“natural”为形容词，对应的副词为“naturally”，意为“自然地”。故填naturally。
【50题详解】
考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：研究人员表示，需要进行更多的研究，以确认闪电对全球气候变化的影响程度。分析句子可知，句子为“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为“degree”，在从句中作介词“to”的宾语，“to the degree”意为“到一定程度”，故可空格处应用介词“to”，句子为“to which” 引导的限制性定语从句。故填to。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
51. 假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Sam给你发来邮件说对中国文化很感兴趣，尤其喜欢唐诗(Tang poetry)。请你给他回复一封邮件，分享你对唐诗的了解，提出学习建议并表达祝愿。具体内容包括：
1. 唐诗地位及影响；
2. 列举著名诗人；
3. 欢迎来中国交流文化。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sam,
I’m very glad to know that you’re interested in Chinese culture, especially Tang poetry. As you know, Tang poetry is a very important literary form which enjoys great popularity in China. They represent the traditional Chinese culture and are popular all over the world.
As the golden age of poems, the Tang Dynasty produced many outstanding poets, among whom Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi were the most well-known in history. When it comes to poems, you’d better grasp the meaning firstly, then try to recite the whole poem. If you choose the right method and work hard, your learning ability can be improved.
Welcome to China and I’m looking forward to your view about the Tang poems.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给喜欢唐诗的新西兰笔友写一封信介绍唐诗和学习建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
流行： popularity→ prevalence/ in vogue
代表：represent→be on behalf of
杰出的：outstanding→splendid/ excellent
掌握： grasp→ master
2.句式升级
从句变祈使句
原句：If you choose the right method and work hard, your learning ability can be improved.
拓展句： Choose the right method and work hard, and you will improve your learning ability.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As you know, Tang poetry is a very important literary form which enjoys great popularity in China. （运用了which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】When it comes to poems, you’d better grasp the meaning firstly, then try to recite the whole poem. （运用了固定句式When it comes to...）
第二节(满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I lay on my bed, legs leaning against the wall, desperately wishing my mother would call. But I remembered the last time I'd seen her, right before the train for Providence pulled out of the station, “You know how expensive it is to call,” she said, then hugged me tight and said good- bye.
This was my first birthday away from home. I missed my mom, missed my sister, and most certainly missed the special pound cake my mother always made for my birthday. Since getting to college that year, I would watch jealously as the other freshmen received care packages from their parents on their birthdays--and even on ordinary days. Big boxes containing summer slacks and blouses, packages of M&M's and Snickers , things they needed and things they didn't. Instead of feeling thrilled about my upcoming eighteenth birthday, I felt empty. I wished my mom would send me something, too, but I knew that she couldn’t afford presents or the postage. She had done her best with my sister and me--raising us by herself. The simple truth was there just was never enough money.
But that didn’t stop her from filling us with dreams. “You can be anything you want to be,” she would tell us. “Politicians, dancers, writers -- you just have to work for it; you have to get an education.”
Thanks to my mom's sacrifices and big dreams, I’d made it to the Ivy League: Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island.
As I was recalling these things, my roommate joined me on the bed. “Hey. After we study, let's buy ice cream and cake.” I nodded, closed my eyes, and imagined the cake Mom would have made. Mmm. I could see the golden yellow of each of the twelve eggs, and I could almost smell the vanilla(香草) filling the house while the cake baked.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1
As I daydreamed, there was a knock on the door.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
How had she managed to afford it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】读后续写
Paragraph 1:
As I daydreamed, there was a knock on the door. My roommate opened it to find a deliveryman asking for me. He handed her a large box, which she carefully placed on the desk near my bed. “Open it”. I did, and inside was a vanilla cake with chocolate frosting. In icing were the words: “Happy Birthday, Sande! Love, Mom.” I was filled with excitement, as if Mom were right there hugging me close.
Paragraph 2:
How had she managed to afford it? I felt as if I were back at home with her, safe and secure while she sang and told me how much she loved having me in her life. I ran out to the hall and knocked on my dormmates’ doors. “Birthday cake,” I called. I cut cake for the students gathering in my room and watched their faces as they ate, because I didn't need to eat to feel both full and rich inside.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写，要求续写两段内容。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求续写两段内容（我收到妈妈送我的生日蛋糕和我的感受以及我和室友们一起分享的情节），注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好时态应为一般过去时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； deliveryman（送货员），carefully（小心翼翼地），excitement（兴奋），secure（安全）， hug（拥抱）及gather（聚集）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be filled with（充满），run out（跑出去），as if (仿佛、好像)，ask for sb（找某人）以及knock on（敲门），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“He handed her a large box, which she carefully placed on the desk near my bed.”，状语从句“I was filled with excitement, as if Mom were right there hugging me close.”以及“I cut cake for the students gathering in my room and watched their faces as they ate, because I didn't need to eat to feel both full and rich inside.”，非谓语动词“My roommate opened it to find a deliveryman asking for me.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
2022-2023-1雅礼中学高二上期中考试
英 语
时量：120分钟满分：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)略
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you’d rather eat out on Thanksgiving or order the meal to go, you have no shortage of options. Here are some Chicago restaurants celebrating the holiday with a variety of dishes on offer.
Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bars, 546 N. Wells St
Go French for Thanksgiving, with Cyrano’s six-course to-go menu. It’s packed with four appetizers; four vegetable sides; pumpkin soup; a choice of turkey, duck or chicken; a cheese plate, and desserts. Also included: reheating instructions. The cost is US$39 a person. To order, call (312)467-0546.
Fairmont Chicago, 200 N. Columbus Drive
The hotel is going retro (怀旧的) and green this year with its Thanksgiving to-go menu, from organic green bean casserole (砂锅) made with mushroom soup to organic mashed potatoes with bacon bits and sour cream. The meal, which serves 8 to 10, is US$195, plus tax. Orders must be in by 3 p.m. Wednesday. To order, call (312)565-6665.
Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club, 3700 N. Halsted St
The restaurant celebrates Thanksgiving a day early with a three-course menu on Wednesday. Menu items include a wild mushroom tart (馅饼) with Gruyere and Cabernet-marinated steak with Havarti mashed potatoes. The US$35 dinner each, tax and tip not included, includes a martini. For reservations, call (773)525-1111.
Lawry’s The Prime Rib, 100 E. Ontario St
The star of the Thanksgiving menu is organic, free-range turkey from Pennsylvania. To-go dinner package also will be offered, with 10 percent of proceeds (收益) going to the Greater Chicago Food Depository. Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14. Orders must be placed by Tuesday. Call (312)787-5000.
Popeyes, various locations
Thirteen of the chicken chain’s Chicago locations are taking orders now for takeout fried turkeys. The turkeys, which serve 8 to 10, range from US$40 to US$45. Use the restaurant locator at www.popeyes.com for locations and phone numbers.
1. If a person wants to order sweet food like pudding, he or she should dial ________.
A. (312)467-0546 B. (312)787-50000 C. (773)525-1111 D. (312)565-6665
2. Which restaurant offers the cheapest meal for each person?
A. Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bar. B. Fairmont Chicago.
C. Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club. D. Lawry’s The Prime Rib.
3. If a 13-member family wants to celebrate Thanksgiving at home, they should order food in ________.
A. Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club B. Fairmont Chicago
C. Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bar D. Lawry’s The Prime Rib
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五家不同的可以在感恩节用餐或外带的餐厅，这些餐厅的菜肴和价格以及联系方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句“Go French for Thanksgiving, with Cyrano’s six-course to-go menu. It’s packed with four appetizers; four vegetable sides; pumpkin soup; a choice of turkey, duck or chicken; a cheese plate, and desserts.(感恩节去法国，吃Cyrano的六道菜外带菜单。它挤满了四道开胃菜；四个蔬菜面；南瓜汤；火鸡、鸭肉或鸡肉的选择；奶酪盘和甜点)”可知，Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bars提供甜品，联系电话是(312)467-0546。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“The cost is US$39 a person. (费用为每人39美元)”；三段倒数第二句“The meal, which serves 8 to 10, is US$195, plus tax. (这顿饭8至10人，含税195美元)”；四段倒数第二句“The US$35 dinner each, tax and tip not included, includes a martini. (每顿35美元的晚餐（不含税和小费）包括一杯马提尼酒)”；五段倒数第二句“Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14. (外卖套餐从个人火鸡晚餐27美元到12至14份餐480美元不等)”；最后一段倒数第二句“The turkeys, which serve 8 to 10, range from US$40 to US$45. (火鸡供应8至10只，价格从40美元到45美元不等)”可知，五家餐厅中单人最便宜的一家是Fairmont Chicago。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段倒数第二句“Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14.(外卖套餐从个人火鸡晚餐27美元到12至14份餐480美元不等)”可知，Lawry’s The Prime Rib可以提供13人的餐。故选D。
B
I enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – “Do We Need It?” and “Put It in Its Place”– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine.
If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. I consider this unhealthy. I want to be better at moving on.
So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love. Can I go full Kondo? I will try. One central idea is to clean by category. You start by collecting all clothes and gathering them together for consideration. It makes you rethink how you organize. Next, hold each item and ask if it brings you joy. This way you’re choosing what to keep. And that’s how I find myself with all my clothes on my bedroom floor. My wife walks by and gives me a look that says I’m nuts. She’s probably not wrong.
Somewhere near the bottom of this chaos is my special jacket. I move through the pile: pants, shirts, suits and shoes. Then my last category: jackets. I haven’t worn the thing in about 30 years. Somehow, it has survived. Now that I’m striving to follow Kondo – surely, its time has come?
I hold it in my hand. There is a tear just below the collar that widens as I hold it. It’s literally falling apart. Will I ever wear it again? Not a chance. Does it feel good to wear? Does it bring me joy? Actually, yes. At this moment, my daughter walks in. She asks about the jacket. I tell her the story. She thinks I should keep it. It’s cool and unique and full of memories. She is arguing that nostalgia (怀念) is the very reason.
I’m not entirely convinced by my daughter’s arguments. I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.
4. What does the underlined word “discarded” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. adjusted B. reserved C. abandoned D. tidied
5. What drives the author to read The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up?
A. To learn how to categorize. B. To improve his tidying skills.
C. To persuade his family members. D. To develop passion for minimalism.
6. What is the attitude of the author’s family members toward minimalism?
A. They don’t understand it. B. They completely support it.
C. They are strongly opposed to it. D. They are less passionate about it.
7. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Knowing when to let go B. Classifying what you love
C. Throwing worn-out clothes D. Keeping valuable possessions
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文中作者喜欢完全的极简主义风格，但家人并不支持他，为了提高整理技巧，作者去读了《改变生活的整理魔法》。在整理满地的衣服时，作者发现了难以舍弃的夹克衫，又把它放在了“保留”堆里。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. ”（说实话，我自己的整理技能并没有我想要的那么好。我的“discarded”堆从来都不是我想要的垃圾山，因为我为东西为什么有用找借口）可知，爱整理的作者，整理出来要扔弃的不是自己想要的垃圾山。故划线词意思是丢弃，近义词是abandoned。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I want to be better at moving on.”(我想更好地继续前进)以及第三段“So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love.”（所以，这次我找到了帮助——为像我这样的人准备的经典书籍:近藤麻理惠的《改变生活的整理魔法》。近藤对她的技艺的投入是惊人的。她的哲学是只保留自己喜欢的东西）可知，提高他的整理技巧是驱使作者去读《改变生活的整理魔法》。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – ‘Do We Need It?’ and ‘Put It in Its Place’– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine. ”（我喜欢扔掉东西。我喜欢完全的极简主义风格，但我的妻子和两个十几岁的孩子不喜欢我那种几乎什么都没有的房子的梦想。我已经试过了。当孩子们还小的时候，我教他们我最喜欢的两个游戏——“我们需要它吗?”和《放回原处》——每隔几个月就让他们演奏一次。他们的热情永远比不上我）可知，家人们对极简主义不那么有激情。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据最后一段“I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.”（我相信向前看，而不是向后看。然而，有时候放手是很难的。所以我轻轻地把夹克放在“保留”那一堆）可知，作者一直坚持极简主义风格，但是在整理过程中也遇到了难以取舍的物品，所以本文围绕着“在收纳过程中知道什么时候放手”的主题展开。“知道什么时候放手”适合做最佳标题。故选A。
C
Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (脑内啡) — chemicals in the body that cause happiness — are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.
Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.
But after being given a drug to block their endorphins the change. However, when their endocannabinoids were block with a different drug, their runner’s high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner's high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.
The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression.
“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.
8. What did scientists from German universities recently discover?
A. Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.
B. The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids.
C. Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running.
D. The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood.
9. The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to .
A. find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms
B. see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high
C. identify what is responsible for the runner’s high
D. test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released
10. The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to .
A. effect B. goal
C. question D. belief
11. According to the UK’s National Health Service, regular workouts .
A. are the best way to treat depression
B. can help ease depression symptoms
C. only work for those with serious depression
D can help people completely recover from depression
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。跑步通常很累人，也很辛苦，但没有什么能比你在跑道上长时间锻炼后的感觉更好。即使我们不完全理解它来自哪里。至少，如果我们情绪低落，我们知道我们所要做的就是穿上跑鞋。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.可知，德国几所大学的一组科学家最近发表的一项研究表明，一种叫做内源性大麻素的化学物质可能是造成这种熟悉的感觉的真正原因。由此可知，跑步者的兴奋可能是由内源性大麻素引起的。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三、四段According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素）may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.(德国几所大学的一组科学家最近发表的一项研究表明，一种叫做内源性大麻素的化学物质可能是造成这种熟悉的感觉的真正原因)和To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.(为了验证这个理论，科学家们用老鼠做实验)可知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠注射了药物，以确定导致跑步者兴奋的原因。故选C。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第七段中The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,可知，长久以来认为内啡肽导致跑步者的兴奋的notion是错误的。内啡肽是一种有效的镇痛物质，但只有当你在锻炼后感到身体和肌肉疼痛时，你才会感到疼痛。由此推知，notion指的是“观点，意见”。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,(如果你患有抑郁症，有规律的锻炼可以改善你的情绪，这对患有轻度到中度抑郁症的人尤其有用)可知，根据英国国家健康服务中心的数据，定期锻炼可以缓解抑郁症的症状。故选B。
D
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
12. Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly?
A. They did not have sufficient fund.
B. No ready-made components were available.
C. There was no model in their mind.
D. It was hard for them to assemble the components.
13. What do we know about the robotic fly?
A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C. The robotic fly can collect information from many sources.
D. The robotic fly can fly well with the cooperation of individual components.
14. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic fly can replace animals in some experiments.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.
D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
15. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The development of robotic fly.
B. Robotic fly promotes engineering science.
C. Harvard’s efforts in making robotic fly.
D. Robotic fly imitates real life insect.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了哈佛大学团队创造了第一只机器人苍蝇。机械苍蝇已成为一系列新的高科技集成系统的平台，它可以做自然苍蝇做的事情，还可以在空中并执行飞行任务。但最终目标是为它配备内置电源，以便它有朝一日可以在救援地点、农田或战场上进行数据收集工作。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句““The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.(“像这样的项目的额外困难在于，实际上这些组件都不是现成的，因此我们必须自己开发它们，”他说)”可知，制作机器人苍蝇的困难在于需要自己开发小的组件。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to.” said Wood. (他们设计了一系列系统来启动和驱动机器人苍蝇。伍德说：“看似简单的系统，只是移动机翼，它的各个部件之间有许多相互依赖的关系，每个部件都必须各自表现良好，但必须与它所连接的所有部件都匹配良好。”)”可知，机器人苍蝇虽然由各个小组件组合而成，但它们互相配合良好。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. (“你知道，你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放的科学问题，以对动物来说很难的方式研究生物学，而是使用这些机器人。”)”可知，可以用这些机器人去代替实验中的动物们。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段“A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. (哈佛大学的一个工程师团队受到大自然的启发，创造了第一个机器人苍蝇。机械飞已成为一系列新型高科技集成系统的平台。设计用于做苍蝇自然做的事情，这个微型机器只有一只胖家蝇那么大。它的迷你机翼使其能够停留在空中并执行受控的飞行任务)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍科学家们研究出来世界上第一只机器人苍蝇，可以做生物苍蝇做的事情，同时还可以执行任务，即机器人苍蝇可以模仿真正的昆虫。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is an English saying: “____16____“ Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. ____17____
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. ____18____ If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. ____19____
____20____ They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
A. Laughter can prolong one’s life.
B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain.
D. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.
E. Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still cannot put this theory into clinic practice.
F. Laughter is the best medicine.
G. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了美国有一句谚语：笑是最好的良药。最近科学家开始研究笑和人的身体之间的关系，发现笑和体育运动一样，可以让人变得更健康。
【16题详解】
由后文“Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. （然而，现在，医生们已经开始研究笑及其对人体的影响。）”可知，前文提及的谚语会和笑有关系，F选项符合文意。故选F。
【17题详解】
由上文“Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. （然而，现在，医生们已经开始研究笑及其对人体的影响。）”和下文“Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. （进行了测试以研究笑对身体的影响。）”可知，该句承上启下，会涉及到科学家们针对笑对人体的影响做一些研究，G选项符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
由上文“Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. （进行了测试，以研究笑声对身体的影响。当医生检查他们的心脏、血压、呼吸和肌肉时，人们会看有趣的电影。人们发现，笑声与体育锻炼具有相似的效果。）可知，横线处的句子承接上文，继续说明研究人员发现的笑对身体健康的具体表现，故选D。
19题详解】
根据前文“The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.（忍受疼痛时间最长群体是听滑稽节目的群体。）”可知，横线处的句子解释笑为什么会缓解疼痛，C选项“笑之所以能减轻疼痛，似乎是因为它有助于在大脑中产生一种化学物质，从而减轻压力和疼痛”符合文意。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据后文“They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.（他们发现，即使他们的病人真的不想笑，让他们微笑也足以产生类似于笑声引起的有益效果。）”可知，横线处的句子要说明医生通过让病人微笑来起到治疗的效果。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Pete Eckert started going blind, he decided to channel his feelings of loss into art. In his 20s at the time, Eckert would spend whole days preparing drawings and woodcuts before asking his wife to ____21____ the results to him. But the process was driving his wife ____22____. So, in search of a more instant medium, he turned his hand to photography.
“When I started out, digital cameras hadn’t ____23____ traditional photography shops yet,” Eckert said on the phone from his home in Sacramento, California. “I would go to those photography shops and buy two rolls of film and ask ten ____24____ questions. I went every day. And by asking questions and getting ____25____, I learned.”
More than two decades after entirely losing his sight from an eye disease, Eckert has ____26____ a successful career as a self-taught photographer now. When he first ____27____ the world of photography, Eckert would go on short trips at night with his dog for ____28____. He began by photographing statues, though he soon ____29____ more interesting subject matter. “To take photos of sculptures isn’t really ____30____ because the art is already there,” he said. “What I was looking for was a way of showing what ____31____ is like.”
This new focus resulted in a ____32____ kind of photographic beauty — images ____33____ of ghostly figures and artfully vague (模糊的) lines that no one had ever tried before.
Eckert’s images aren’t ____34____ metaphors (暗喻) for blindness. Many of them have been shot to literally represent what his mind sees, offering sighted people a clear ____35____ into his world.
21. A. predict B. describe C. question D. confirm
22. A. worried B. lonely C. crazy D. disappointed
23. A. run into B. given away C. put off D. wiped out
24. A. professional B. academic C. difficult D. important
25. A. belief B. expectation C. judgment D. instruction
26. A. established B. introduced C. spotted D. ruined
27. A. put up with B. stood up for C. took charge of D. set foot in
28. A. protection B. inspiration C. promotion D. attraction
29. A. accepted B. invented C. sought D. checked
30. A. new B. fair C. hard D. easy
31. A. blindness B. world C. space D. loneliness
32 A. popular B. traditional C. practical D. unique
33. A. accused B. composed C. rid D. cleared
34. A. hardly B. simply C. rarely D. seriously
35. A. reason B. target C. view D. message
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了一名盲人在每天去照相馆询问摄影专业问题后，自学成才，用自己独特的摄影风格，成为了一名非常知名的摄影师。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时20多岁的埃克特会在向妻子询要求描述结果之前花一整天准备图纸和木刻。A.predict预报，预言；B.describe描写，描述；C. question质问，询问；D. confirm确认，证实。根据常识，作者是盲人看不到，所以是请自己的妻子给自己描述绘画的结果。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这个过程正在驱使他的妻子变的疯狂。A.worried焦虑的，担忧的；B.lonely孤独的，寂寞的；C.crazy疯狂的；D.disappointed失望的。根据but表转折和常识可知，妻子总是给他描述绘画的结果快疯了。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：“当我刚开始时，数码相机还没有摧毁传统的摄影店,”埃克特在加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托的家中通过电话说。A.run into偶然遇见； B.given away赠送，分发；C.put off延期，欺诈；D.wiped out彻底摧毁。由下文“buy two rolls of film”可知，那时候还流行胶片，即那个时候数码相机还没有代替胶片，即还没有彻底摧毁传统摄影点。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我会去那些摄影店买两卷胶卷，问十个专业的问题，我每天都去。”A.professional职业的，专业的；B.academic学院的，学术的；C. difficult困难的；D.important重要的。根据后文的“I learned”可知，作者通过这些问题获得了摄影相关的知识，所以问的是专业的问题。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过提问和获取说明，我学到了。A.belief信念；B.expectation预料，期望；C.judgment判断；D.instruction命令，指示。结合上文，作者每天去问十个专业的问题，对方给出相应的指导，从而学会了摄影。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在因眼部疾病完全失明二十多年后，埃克特现在作为一名自学成才的摄影师建立了成功的职业生涯。A.established建立；B.introduced介绍，引见；C. spotted认出；D.ruined毁灭。 由后文的“a successful career as a self-taught photographer now”可知，是建立了成功的职业生涯。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：当他第一次进入摄影世界时，埃克特会带着他的狗保护自己在晚上去短途旅行。A.put up with忍受，容忍； B.stood up for支持，拥护；C.took charge of负责，担任；D.set foot in踏入，涉足于。由横线前的first和后面的“the world of photography”可知，他是第一次接触摄影，即第一次踏进摄影业。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他第一次进入摄影世界时，埃克特会带着他的狗保护自己在晚上去短途旅行。A.protection保护，保卫；B.inspiration灵感，鼓舞；C.promotion晋级，提升；D.attraction 吸引。结合常识，晚上出去旅行不是很安全，带上狗是为了保护自己。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从拍摄雕像开始，不过他很快就找到了更有趣的主题。A.accepted接受；B.invented发明，创造；C.sought寻找；D.checked检查。由后文的“more interesting subject matter”可知，是在拍摄雕像之后不会便找到了更加有趣的主题。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“拍摄雕塑照片并不是很公平，因为艺术已经存在，”他说。A.new新的；B.fair公平的；C.hard困难的；D.easy容易的。根据常识和后文“the art is already there”可知，雕像本身就是一种艺术形式，拍摄他们不能算是自己的艺术，所以拍摄雕像不是很公平。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我正在寻找一种展示失明是什么样子的方式。”A.blindness失明；B.world世界；C.space空间；D.loneliness孤独，寂寞。根据下文“ghostly figures and artfully vague lines”结合作者失明的事实可知，作者想要拍出属于自己风格的艺术，即想展示失明的世界是怎样的。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种新的焦点产生了一种独特的摄影之美——由幽灵般的人物和以前从未有人尝试过的巧妙模糊线条构成图像。A.popular流行的，受欢迎的；B.traditional传统的，惯例的；C.practical实际的，实践的；D.unique唯一的，独特的。根据后“no one had ever tried before”可知，之前从未有人尝试过这种风格，所以它是独一无二的。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种新的焦点产生了一种独特的摄影之美——由幽灵般的人物和以前从未有人尝试过的巧妙模糊线条构成图像。A.accused控告；B.composed组成；C.rid摆脱；D.cleared清除。结合常识，摄影的图像是由人物和线条构成的。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：埃克特的图像不是失明的简单暗喻。A.hardly几乎不；B.simply简单地；C.rarely很少地；D.seriously严重地。根据“offering sighted people a clear 15 into his world.”可知，他的作品是有深意的，希望别人也可以看到他眼中的世界，所以不仅仅是失明的一种暗喻。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们中的许多人拍的照片是从字面上代表他的思想所看到的，而他是让视力正常的人清楚地看到他的世界。A.reason原因；B. target目标；C.view视野；D.message信息。 由后面的“his world”可知，他的作品是希望其他视力正常的人也可以从他的视角去看世界。故选C。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
36. When I saw it up close, I ________ (strike) by the small areas of light across the paintings, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was struck
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我近距离观察它时，我被画上的小区域的光线所震撼，以及人物柔软的边缘似乎混合在一起的方式。分析句子结构可知，本句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句中缺少谓语动词，所以strike应该做谓语，根据后文and后的并列句用的是一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时，根据空后的by表“被”之意可知，和主语I之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故填was struck。
37. I couldn’t believe ________ when I heard he did around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond, all in different colours and styles. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】it
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：当我听说他为同一个睡莲池做了大约250幅画作时，我简直不敢相信，所有画的颜色和风格都不同。分析句子可知，此处应使用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面when引导的时间状语从句。故填it。
38. The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, ___________ (feature) crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】featuring
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一部分展示了汴京附近宁静的乡村生活场景，以农田、蜿蜒的河流和辛勤劳作的农民为特色。句中present为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词，此处section与feature之间是主动关系，且表示伴随，故使用现在分词作状语。故填featuring。
39. The ancient scroll has survived the test of time ________ (remarkable) well. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】remarkably
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：这幅古老的卷轴非常好地经受住了时间的考验。根据句意，应用副词remarkably修饰副词well，意为“不寻常地，惊人地”。故填remarkably。
40. Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those ________ constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that##which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：易于理解的诗歌往往不如那些不断揭示更深层次和以前未被认识到的含义的诗有趣。分析句子可知，those后面的句子为定语从句，先行词为those，指代poems。先行词为物，定语从句缺主语，应使用关系代词that/which引导该定语从句。故填that/which。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers recently have found a surprising and ____41____ (benefit) impact of lightning with the result of a study ____42____ (publish) in Science. The study found that lightning may play a bigger role in global climate change ____43____ was previously known by the scientific community. “Lightning increases the atmosphere’s ability to clean itself, the researchers wrote in the study.
The Earth ____44____ (strike) by lightning nearly 20 million times each year, which travels as much as 10 to 12 miles from a thunderstorm, thus instantly ____45____ (heat) the air to 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏温度) according to the National Weather Service.
Researchers realized that the increase in hydroxyl radicals (羟基自由基) in the atmosphere ____46____ they observed was connected to the lightning ____47____ (flash). Hydroxyl radicals, also described as a “chemical cleaner”, were important chemical compounds (混合物) found in the atmosphere. As ____48____ result, the study predicted that between 2% and 16% of the oxidizing (氧化) or cleaning is done by lightning. The oxidizing or cleaning happens ____49____ (natural) in the Earth atmosphere. Researchers say that more studies will need to be conducted to confirm the degree _____50_____ which lightning contributes to the fight against global climate change.
【答案】41. beneficial
42. published
43. than 44. is struck
45. heating
46. that##which
47. flashes
48. a 49. naturally
50. to
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，空气中2%到16%的氧化或清洁是通过闪电完成的。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究人员最近在《科学》杂志上发表的一项研究结果中发现了闪电的一种令人惊讶的有益影响。分析句子可知，“impact”为名词，应用形容词修饰，“benefit”为名词，对应的形容词为“beneficial”，意为“有益的”，作定语。故填beneficial。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员最近在《科学》杂志上发表一项研究结果中发现了闪电的一种令人惊讶的有益影响。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“have found”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“publish”意为“发表”，动词词性，“study”和“publish”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“publish”的过去分词“published”。故填published。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：研究发现，闪电在全球气候变化中的作用可能比科学界先前所知的更大。根据句意和句中“bigger”可知，句子为比较级，空格处应用介词“than”，意为“（用以引出比较的第二部分）比”。故填than。
【44题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：据国家气象局的数据，地球每年被闪电击中近2000万次，闪电距离雷暴的距离高达10到12英里，从而瞬间将空气加热到5万华氏度。根据句意和句中“each year”可知，句子陈述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，“Earth”和“strike”为被动关系，故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，“Earth”与“is”连用，“strike”意为“击，打”，动词词性，过去分词为“struck”，故空格处应填“is struck”。故填is struck。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据国家气象局的数据，地球每年被闪电击中近2000万次，闪电距离雷暴的距离高达10到12英里，从而瞬间将空气加热到5万华氏度。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“travels”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句中表示自然而然的结果，故应用现在分词作结果状语，“heat”意为“加热”，动词词性，现在分词为“heating”。故填heating。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究人员意识到，他们观察到的大气中羟基自由基的增加与闪电有关。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“hydroxyl radicals”，指物，在从句中作宾语，故应用关系代词“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：研究人员意识到，他们观察到的大气中羟基自由基的增加与闪电有关。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作介词“to”的宾语，“flash”意为“闪光”，为可数名词，“lightning flash”意为“闪电”，句中的闪电指一类事物，应用“flash”的复数形式“flashes”。故填flashes。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：因此，研究预测2%到16%的氧化或清洁是通过闪电完成的。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“as a result”，意为“因此”，故空格处应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：氧化或清洁在地球大气中自然发生。分析句子可知，句中“happens”为动词，应用副词修饰，作状语，“natural”为形容词，对应的副词为“naturally”，意为“自然地”。故填naturally。
【50题详解】
考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：研究人员表示，需要进行更多的研究，以确认闪电对全球气候变化的影响程度。分析句子可知，句子为“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为“degree”，在从句中作介词“to”的宾语，“to the degree”意为“到一定程度”，故可空格处应用介词“to”，句子为“to which” 引导的限制性定语从句。故填to。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
51. 假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Sam给你发来邮件说对中国文化很感兴趣，尤其喜欢唐诗(Tang poetry)。请你给他回复一封邮件，分享你对唐诗的了解，提出学习建议并表达祝愿。具体内容包括：
1. 唐诗地位及影响；
2. 列举著名诗人；
3. 欢迎来中国交流文化。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sam,
I’m very glad to know that you’re interested in Chinese culture, especially Tang poetry. As you know, Tang poetry is a very important literary form which enjoys great popularity in China. They represent the traditional Chinese culture and are popular all over the world.
As the golden age of poems, the Tang Dynasty produced many outstanding poets, among whom Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi were the most well-known in history. When it comes to poems, you’d better grasp the meaning firstly, then try to recite the whole poem. If you choose the right method and work hard, your learning ability can be improved.
Welcome to China and I’m looking forward to your view about the Tang poems.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给喜欢唐诗的新西兰笔友写一封信介绍唐诗和学习建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
流行： popularity→ prevalence/ in vogue
代表：represent→be on behalf of
杰出的：outstanding→splendid/ excellent
掌握： grasp→ master
2.句式升级
从句变祈使句
原句：If you choose the right method and work hard, your learning ability can be improved.
拓展句： Choose the right method and work hard, and you will improve your learning ability.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As you know, Tang poetry is a very important literary form which enjoys great popularity in China. （运用了which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】When it comes to poems, you’d better grasp the meaning firstly, then try to recite the whole poem. （运用了固定句式When it comes to...）
第二节(满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I lay on my bed, legs leaning against the wall, desperately wishing my mother would call. But I remembered the last time I'd seen her, right before the train for Providence pulled out of the station, “You know how expensive it is to call,” she said, then hugged me tight and said good- bye.
This was my first birthday away from home. I missed my mom, missed my sister, and most certainly missed the special pound cake my mother always made for my birthday. Since getting to college that year, I would watch jealously as the other freshmen received care packages from their parents on their birthdays--and even on ordinary days. Big boxes containing summer slacks and blouses, packages of M&M's and Snickers , things they needed and things they didn't. Instead of feeling thrilled about my upcoming eighteenth birthday, I felt empty. I wished my mom would send me something, too, but I knew that she couldn’t afford presents or the postage. She had done her best with my sister and me--raising us by herself. The simple truth was there just was never enough money.
But that didn’t stop her from filling us with dreams. “You can be anything you want to be,” she would tell us. “Politicians, dancers, writers -- you just have to work for it; you have to get an education.”
Thanks to my mom's sacrifices and big dreams, I’d made it to the Ivy League: Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island.
As I was recalling these things, my roommate joined me on the bed. “Hey. After we study, let's buy ice cream and cake.” I nodded, closed my eyes, and imagined the cake Mom would have made. Mmm. I could see the golden yellow of each of the twelve eggs, and I could almost smell the vanilla(香草) filling the house while the cake baked.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1
As I daydreamed, there was a knock on the door.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
How had she managed to afford it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】读后续写
Paragraph 1:
As I daydreamed, there was a knock on the door. My roommate opened it to find a deliveryman asking for me. He handed her a large box, which she carefully placed on the desk near my bed. “Open it”. I did, and inside was a vanilla cake with chocolate frosting. In icing were the words: “Happy Birthday, Sande! Love, Mom.” I was filled with excitement, as if Mom were right there hugging me close.
Paragraph 2:
How had she managed to afford it? I felt as if I were back at home with her, safe and secure while she sang and told me how much she loved having me in her life. I ran out to the hall and knocked on my dormmates’ doors. “Birthday cake,” I called. I cut cake for the students gathering in my room and watched their faces as they ate, because I didn't need to eat to feel both full and rich inside.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写，要求续写两段内容。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求续写两段内容（我收到妈妈送我的生日蛋糕和我的感受以及我和室友们一起分享的情节），注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好时态应为一般过去时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； deliveryman（送货员），carefully（小心翼翼地），excitement（兴奋），secure（安全）， hug（拥抱）及gather（聚集）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be filled with（充满），run out（跑出去），as if (仿佛、好像)，ask for sb（找某人）以及knock on（敲门），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“He handed her a large box, which she carefully placed on the desk near my bed.”，状语从句“I was filled with excitement, as if Mom were right there hugging me close.”以及“I cut cake for the students gathering in my room and watched their faces as they ate, because I didn't need to eat to feel both full and rich inside.”，非谓语动词“My roommate opened it to find a deliveryman asking for me.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
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