2023高考英语重难点突破六选四解题技巧练含答案

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解题时要从三个角度着眼：
看位置：是段首、段尾，还是段中题；
b. 找词汇：锁定选项与文中信息相关联的词汇；
c. 思逻辑：思考选项与文中信息是否符合行文逻辑；
1. 读懂段意定两头——段首、段尾题
(1) 挖空在段首，常是主题句或承上启下句
假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句。若不是主题句，则考虑是承上启下句。
例子1
_____49_____ “If animals becme accustmed t turists and if turism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended cnsequences - affecting the behavir r ppulatin f a species and influencing the species’ functin in its cmmunity,” the researchers write.
A. As animals learn t relax in the presence f humans, they may becme blder in ther situatins.
F. Interacting with peple can cause great change in the characteristics f varius species ver time.
分析：根据设空位置可知，该空应填本段的段落主旨句。根据后面的“we might create unintended cnsequences - affecting the behavir r ppulatin f a species and influencing the species’ functin in its cmmunity,”可知，本段主要谈论与人类互动行为对动物的影响”，故选F。
(2) 挖空在段尾，常是结论句或承上启下句
挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的关联词（如：therefre, as a result, thus, in shrt, t sum up, t cnclude, in a wrd）或句子
例子2
If Harry Ptter and Huckleberry Finn were each t represent British versus American children’s literature, a curius situatin wuld emerge : In a literary cmpetitin fr the hearts and minds f children, ne is a wizard(巫师)- in - training at a barding schl in the Scttish Highlands, while the ther is a bareft by drifting dwn the Mississippi, bthered by cheats, slave hunters, and thieves. One defeats evil with a magic stick, the ther takes t a raft(筏)t right a scial wrng. ___67___
A. It all ges back t each cuntry’s distinct cultural heritage.
F. Bth rphans tk ver the wrld f children’s literature, but their stries unfld in nticeable different ways.
分析：本空位于段落最后，可推测应该是对前文叙述的总结。空格前面描述了英国和美国的儿童文学的代表作品中的主人公的事迹，此处承接前文语意，对前两种故事的展开方式予以评价，故选F项“两个孤儿都接管了儿童文学的世界，但是他们的故事以明显不同的方式展开”。
b. 承上启下逻辑类
挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起来。这时，我们不光要看空格前面的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。(段首类的承上启下句同样适用此法)
例子3
D yu prefer t watch TV r listen t the radi? There was a time when sme peple thught mving pictures wuld spell the end f tuning int the radi fr entertainment and infrmatin. But radi survived and bmed. 67.____________
Perhaps the grwth in pdcasting is nt surprising-it ffers a digital audi file that can be dwnladed and stred fr listening at any time. It can als be streamed frm the internet and played n a cmputer r MP3 player. And it’s nt just bradcasters, like the BBC, wh are prducing pdcasts: nw cmmercial bradcasters, individuals and cmpanies with n cnnectin t bradcasting are making them. In fact, anyne with smething t say, and a few punds t spend n the equipment, can get invlved.
C. And nw, despite the grwth in smartphnes ffering high-definitin pictures, the ppularity f pdcasts is bming.
E. Pdcasts ffer a chance t speak t a very precise selectin f peple.
分析：本题为段尾题。本句起承上启下的作用，设空所在段提到“有一段时期，一些人认为动画的出现会导致以收音机为娱乐和获取信息的方式的终结。但是收音机幸存了下来，并火了起来。”空后下一段说“或许，播客的增长在意料之中”故选C。
2. 细辨关系定中间——段中题
一般说来，文章的行文通常需要一定的衔接手段来实现，而该题型的衔接手段主要有以下两种渠道： 一是词汇线索，二是行文逻辑。
(1) 从词汇线索上判断
词汇线索主要包括代词和词汇复现两种情况。
a. 代词
英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词主要用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也是为了区别前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系及差异可以准确而快速地解题。
例子4
A fresh lemn can be purchased fr less than $1. But in 2008, Cwan's Auctins in Cincinnati sld a lemn blackened with age fr $2,350.
What was s special abut this lemn? 67 Accrding t a handwritten nte in ink attached t a partly sealed bttle cntaining the lemn, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washingtn's "ld gardener" sme 43 years after the first president's death
C. It was said t be frm a tree planted by Gerge Washingtn at Munt Vernn.
D. The auctin result surely drew the attentin frm bth the business and ecnmics wrlds.
分析：本题可利用代词作为解题线索。根据“What was s special abut this lemn?”可知，此段主要讲述了被拍卖的柠檬特殊在哪里。C选项中的代词“it”指代前面提到的“this lemn”，故选C。
b. 词汇复现
作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现可以指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现以及同一范畴词汇的复现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。
例子5
69.________ D they chse t rb? D they sit at hme and wait? What happens t peple wh rely n their cellphnes t prcess mney dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A wrld affected by terrrism and increasingly vilent weather may nt yet be ready t abandn currency."
D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well.
E. Hwever, sme peple dubt what members f a cashless sciety will d when the pwer ges ff.
分析：本题可利用词汇复现作为解题线索。本段最后一句中的“abandn currency”与E项中a cashless sciety相呼应，故选E。
(2) 从行文逻辑上判断
英语行文离不开逻辑关系，一篇没有逻辑的文章只能是一盘散沙。逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折或对比关系等。
a. 并列关系
表示并列关系的词有：first(ly), secnd(ly) ...; first, then/next ...; in the first place, in the secnd place ...; fr ne thing, fr anther (thing) ...; t begin with, t cnclude 等标志性词语，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。
例子6
In rder t finish prjects, yu must als plan ut the steps yu will take. Break yur big task int smaller nes, and give yurself a shrt-term deadline fr each f them. ___48___.
C. Whatever it is, if yu dn't knw what yur gal is, yu're nt likely t reach it.
E. Then cmmit t fllwing yur plan t the end.
分析：本题可利用并列关系解题。本段主要讲述了要完成项目应该如何有步骤地去做，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第三条，与E项Then… fllwing yur plan t the end”相呼应，故选E。
b. 递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：t, als, besides, further, furthermre, mrever, apart frm, what's mre, in additin, as well, t make matters wrse, nt ..., nt nly als等。
例子7
Hwever , there is a negative side t bxing. It is likely t threaten persnal safety f peple. Althugh bxers wear glves during the fights , and amateur bxers even have t wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in bth prfessinal and amateur bxing , smetimes with dramatic cnsequences . Bxers have suffered frm head injuries , and ccasinally , fighters have even been killed as a result f being kncked ut in the ring. ___49___ Smetimes even if a bxer has never been kncked ut, he might have suffered severe brain damage withut knwing it.
D. Prfessinal bxers are much mre at risk than their amateur cunterparts.
E. Furthermre , studies have shwn that there are ften lng-term effects f bxing
分析：本题可利用递进关系解题。本段是总分结构，空前和空后均说明了拳击带来的负面影响，故空格处也不例外应该继续说明拳击的负面影响，故选E，
c. 因果关系
表示因果关系的词有：s/therefre, thus, hence, cnsequently (结果), as a result , fr that reasn, s/such ...，s that ...等。
例子8
This unequal distributin indicates a situatin f severe fd injustice in Suth Africa. Yet frm the research with it’s clear that peple d nt knw f the right t fd, and dn’t see unequal access t nutritius fd as an injustice. ______68_____While there are frequent prtests arund access t jbs, educatin, husing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see prtests abut access t fd.
A. As a result, questins f hunger are largely absent in Suth African plitics.
B. Handling fd injustice requires a transfrmatin f the undesirable structure f the fd system.
分析：本题可利用因果关系解题。空格前两句讲述了：“在南非，食物的不均衡分配反映了食物极度不公的现象。然而，对城市农民的调查发现，人们对食物的权益并不了解，并不认为不能平等地获得有营养的食物是一种不公平”；与A项“As a result, questins f hunger are largely absent in Suth African plitics.”相呼应。故选A.
d. 转折或对比关系
表示转折或对比关系的词有：but, hwever, yet, while/thugh, r/therwise, n the cntrary, instead, nevertheless (然而), in cntrast/cmparisn 等。
Yur persnal circumstances are equally imprtant. Fr example, yu may want t be a Pilt but can’t becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh. 70 Yu shuld reassess yur gals, and mtivate yurself t set a fresh gal.
A. This can affect yur wrk.
C. Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu.
分析：本题可利用转折关系解题。空格前列举了你想成为一名飞行员，但是，你的视力不够好导致你不能成为飞行员的例子；空格后又用了yu shuld 句式表示建议，使结果峰回路转，所以此处空格的感情色彩应与下一句相呼应，故选C。
e. 表示解释关系
表示解释关系的词有：in ther wrds, in fact, as a mater f fact, fr example, fr instance, actually, that is t say等；
例子9
68. ________Fr instance, the printing and handling f mney is expensive. Cash payments can be annymus (匿名的) and it is hard t track criminal activities cnducted in secret. Many gvernments favr reducing cash dealings in rder t better mnitr and understand the activities f their citizens. The Swedish gvernment has been discussing the remving f cash since 2010.
A. There's n waiting fr it and n cunting f cash.
D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well.
分析：本题可利用解释关系解题。本空格后由fr instance引出无现金支付的2个比较优势，与D项“Clearing up cash payments has several advantages”相呼应，故选D。
22年7月上海高考英语真题
When Leakey and lane begin a shady f wild chimpanzees n the shre f Lake Tanganyika, British authrities resist the idea f a yung wman living amng wild animals in Africa. They finally agree t Leakey’s prpsal when Jane’s mther Vanne vlunteers t accmpany her daughter fr the first three mnths.
On July 14. 1960, Jane and Vanne arrived n the shres f Gmbe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.
_____________ The animals fed frm Jane in fear. With patience and determinatin she researched the frest every day, deliberately trying nt t get t clse t the chimpanzees t sn. Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence.
Jane bserves meat-eating fr the first time Octber 30, 196l. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt fr meat. (68) _______________
On Nvember 4,1961 . Jane bserves David Greybeard and Gliath making tls t extract termites (白蚁)
frm their munds. They wuld select a thin branch frm a tree , strip the leaves and push the branch int the termite mund. After a few secnds they wuld pull ut the termite-cvered stick and pick ff the tasty termites with their lips.
This becmes ne f Jane's mst imprtant discveries. ( 69)_________ On hearing f Jane's bservatin, Leakey famusly says: “ Nw we must redefine tl, redefine man, r accept chimpanzees as humans.”
Jane's wrk in Gmbe becmes mre widely knwn and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, ne f very few peple t be admitted withut a university degree. ( 70 )________ “It wuld have been mre scientific t give the numbers", they say.
Jane has l defend an idea that might nw seem bvius: that chimpanzees have emtins, minds and persnalities.
Jane in Africa Natinal Gegraphic decides t spnsr Jane's wrk and sends phtgrapher and filmmaker Hug van Lawick t dcument Jane's life in Gmbe. In August 1963, Jane publishes her first article in Natinal Gegraphic ,“My Life Amng Wild Chimpanzees.”
【答案】67-70 ACBF
67.A【解析】句意:但研究贡贝的黑猩猩并不容易。根据上文提及的相关内容可知.Leakey and Jane 开始了对黑猩猩的研究，再结合该空之后提及的相关内容可推知，此处在讲述Jane 在研究过程中遇到的问题，结合相关选项分析，A项表述的内容能够承接上下文，故选入
68.C【解析】句意:这些观察结果推翻了人们普遍认为黑猩猩是素食者的观点。结合该空前提及的lane bserves meal-eating fr the first time Octber 30,1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt fr meat可知,此处提及了黑猩猩的饮食情况结合相关选项分析，C项提及了关于“推翻黑猩猩是素食主义者”的观点，这一表述与上文提及的黑猩猩吃肉内容相符，故选C。
69 B【解析】句意:直到那时，人们认为只有人类才能创造工具。结合上段提及的关于黑猩猩借助树枝来享用白蚁的行为，以及该空之后提及的 On hearing f Jane's bservatin, Leakey famusly says: "Nw we must redefine tl, redefine Man, r accept chimpanzees as humans.”可推知，该空处讲述的内容与“工具制造”相关,结合选项分析，B项提到了创造工具这一说法，故选B。
F【解析】句意:一些学者和科学家对简冷淡，并批评她给黑猩猩取了名字。结合该空前提及的内容可知，此处在讲述简所取得的成就获得的荣誉，而该空后提及的相关内容则是表达了对简做法的一种反对观点表述。结合相关选项分析，这些人应该是反对者，F项的相关表述提到了相关学者和科学家对简态度和批评观点，故选F。
22年1月上海高考英语真题
Shuld Writers Be Paid fr Their E-bks Lent by Libraries?
When libraries lend bks t the public, authrs and publishers receive remuneratin frm the Gvernment under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )________________________ Is this fair?
This year, the gvernment has distributed almst a $ 22 millin under these Public Lending Rights and Educatinal Lending Rights Schemes. Fr each bk in public library cllectins creatrs receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52.
The amunt that each claimant receives is ften nt very significant, with the majrity f authrs receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previus study has revealed that this remuneratin cnstitutes the secnd mst imprtant surce f incme fr creatrs frm their creative wrk..
E-bks, hwever, are nt cvered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-bk lending is increasing and, accrding t the Australian Library and Infrmatin Assciatin, e-bks are likely t reach 20% f library hldings by 2020. Als, mst, if nt all, self-published titles are dne s in digital frmat nly. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,wuld nt qualify fr any remuneratin.
(69) _____________ Althugh the Bk Industry Cllabrative Cuncil made such prpsal already in a reprt f 2013 , nthing has happened f yet.
One f the main reasns why e-bks are nt cvered is that e-bk lending is quite different frm print bk lending. In case f print bks, authrs and publishers are arguably lsing n custmers and revenues when libraries lan their bks fr free.Creatrs nly receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 fr each bk in public library cllectins.
At present, in the case f -bks, many publishers chse nt t sell these bks t libraries.( 70)_______
While publishers charge libraries high prices fr e-bks, writers cmplain that these amunts d nt reach them. Publishing cntracts ften dn't specify whether and hw much authrs receive fr e-bks sales r fr e-lending.
【答案】67-70 ABFC
【解析】
A[解析]根据文章标题以及该空前提及的 When libraries lend bks t the public, authrs and publishers receive remuneratin frm the Gvernment under the Lending Rights schemes 和该空后提及的 Is this fair?可推知，此处是对两种图书代阅所获收益情况的比较，以判定其是否公平。结合相关选项推知，上文讲述了实体书的借阅收益来源情况，此处应该说明电子书借阅收益情况，故选 A。句意. 然而，当图书馆借出电子书时，情况并非如此。
B [解析]结合该空前提及的 E-bks,hwever,are nt cvered by these Lending Rights schemes 可知，电子书目前没有受到相关拨款政策的支持，再结合下段内容分析，这里对电子书之后发展收益情况有所担忧。因此结合相关选项分析，此处需要将现在情况与将来情况进行衔接，B 项表述的内容符合文意，故选 B。句意:现在这可能不是一个大问题，因为电子书在出版方面是次要的。
F [解析]结合上段提及的关于电子书将来的发展猜想，以及该空之后提及的Althugh the Bk Industry Cllabrative Cuncil made such prpsal already in a reprt f 2013, nthing has happened f yet 可知，相关部门已经提出了建议，但并未得到实施。结合相关选项分析，该空处与“提出相关建议”有关，故选 F。句意:因此，作者和出版商一直在说服政府将借阅权计划扩展到电子书。
70.C [解析]结合该空前提及的 At present,in the case f e-bks,many publishers chse nt l sell these bks t libraries 和下段内容可知，此处在讲述有关于电子节出版商未将电子书卖给图书馆，而是通过向图书馆收取费用获得相关收益。结合相关选项分析，与电子书收益相关只有 C项符合，故选 C。句意:此外，出版商认为读者支付更多的图书馆会带来更多的利润。
22年上海名校模拟真题
一、六选四
（2023·上海·上海市复兴高级中学校考模拟预测）The Lk f Trust
A few years ag, the scientists Claudia Twnsend at the University f Miami and Suzanne Shu at UCLA Andersn Schl f Management cnducted a simple investigatin int hw aesthetics (美学) influence ur investment decisins.
They randmly assigned 255 students t receive an annual crprate reprt. One f these reprts was aesthetically pleasing — it had high-quality images and a clear layut. The ther reprt was far less attractive. After leafing thrugh these tw reprts — bth f which cntained the exact same factual infrmatin — the subjects were asked t estimate the lwest acceptable selling price fr shares f the cmpany. ____1____
If investrs were ratinal agents, then the lk f the reprt shuldn’t have mattered — they shuld be respnding nly t its cntent. ____2____ Twnsend and Shu fund that subjects given the prettier dcument insisted n an average selling price f $327.01 per share. Thse shwn less pretty dcument, meanwhile, cncluded that the cmpany’s shares were wrth nly $162.41. This research suggests that the design f the annual reprt can significantly influence ur sense f value.
____3____ In recent years, scientists have als lked at hw aesthetics impacts ur perceptins f trust. D we find prettier Web sites mre trustwrthy? There’s n lgical reasn why that wuld be the case, f curse, but the human mind is full f illgical peculiarity. ____4____ In a paper, researchers shwed that ur first impressins f a Web site — they shwed subjects screen shts fr fifty millisecnds, which is t fast fr cnscius awareness — shaped ur subsequent sense f trustwrthiness.
A．While Twnsend and Shu lked at paper reprts, the same lgic applies t Web sites.
B．In essence, they were asked t cme up with a valuatin f the cmpany based n the infrmatin cntained in the annual reprt.
C．When it cmes t user assessments f design, functin fllws frm.
D．S far, the evidence suggests that the lk f a site is highly crrelated with ur ratings f trust, a phenmenn ften referred t as “the hal effect”. (光环效应)
E．And this pattern desn’t apply t ther aspects.
F．But that’s nt what happened.
【答案】1．B 2．F 3．A 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究者发现美学影响我们的投资决策，公司年度报告的外观会影响受试者对公司股价的估计，相同的逻辑也适用于网页。
1．根据前文“the subjects were asked t estimate the lwest acceptable selling price fr shares f the cmpany(受试者被要求估计该公司股票的最低可接受售价)”可知，此处是指对公司股票的估价，所以选项B“本质上，他们被要求根据年报中的信息对公司进行估值。”切合文意。故选B。
2．根据前文“If investrs were ratinal agents, then the lk f the reprt shuldn’t have mattered — they shuld be respnding nly t its cntent.(如果投资者是理性的代理人，那么报告的外观就不重要了——他们应该只对报告的内容做出回应。)”和后文“Twnsend and Shu fund that subjects given the prettier dcument insisted n an average selling price f $327.01 per share. Thse shwn less pretty dcument, meanwhile, cncluded that the cmpany’s shares were wrth nly $162.41. This research suggests that the design f the annual reprt can significantly influence ur sense f value.(Twnsend和Shu发现，给了更漂亮文件的受试者坚持每股327.01美元的平均售价。与此同时，那些显示的文件并不那么漂亮，他们得出的结论是，该公司的股票价值仅为162.41美元。这项研究表明，年度报告的设计可以显著影响我们的价值感。)”可知，此处是指事实并不像前文中提到的那样，所以选项F“但事实并非如此。”切合文意。故选F。
3．根据后文“In recent years, scientists have als lked at hw aesthetics impacts ur perceptins f trust. D we find prettier Web sites mre trustwrthy?(近年来，科学家还研究了美学如何影响我们的信任感。我们是否发现更漂亮的网站更值得信赖？)”可知，此处是指相同的逻辑也适用于网页，所以选项A“尽管汤森和舒研究的是纸质报告，同样的逻辑也适用于网站。”切合文意。故选A。
4．根据后文“In a paper, researchers shwed that ur first impressins f a Web site — they shwed subjects screen shts fr fifty millisecnds, which is t fast fr cnscius awareness — shaped ur subsequent sense f trustwrthiness.(在一篇论文中，研究人员表明，我们对网站的第一印象——他们向受试者展示了50毫秒的屏幕截图，这对于有意识的意识来说太快了——塑造了我们随后的可信度。)”可知，此处是指网站的外观与我们的信任度高度相关，所以选项D“到目前为止，证据表明网站的外观与我们的信任度高度相关，这一现象通常被称为“光环效应”。”切合文意。故选D。
（2022秋·上海浦东新·高三统考期末）Eating meat is nt a crime against the planet — if it’s dne right
I have huge admiratin fr Gerge Mnbit, a well-knwn clumnist. His wrk has highlighted the urgent need t reduce ur CO2 emissins and switch t greener energy. He has als shwn intensive farming’s rle in the dramatic levels f species decline and bidiversity lss. Much f what he writes is in line with my stand. ____5____
It is undeniable that the farming revlutin f the 1950s has started a war n nature. These intensive ways f prducing fd are nt nly plluting ur land and waterways, but are heating up ur planet and cntributing t a crisis in human health. We need t change the way we eat and prduce fd, and fast.
____6____But in a recent article, he wrte that rganic, pasture-fed beef and lamb are the “wrld’s mst damaging farm prducts.” He criticises “chefs and fdies” like me fr fcusing n regenerative grazing — farming that aims t repair, rebuild, revitalize and restre ecsystem functin. His alternative visin includes a revlutin in creating fd in labs frm micrbes and water.
Althugh nt ppsed t the idea f lab-grwn fd, I am much mre fr small-scale cmmunity-driven farming.
____7____Methds that regenerative farmers prpse have shwn hw nn-intensive livestck, when managed well, can increase tpsil mre than previusly thught, which can then build up bimass (carbn) and keep precius rainwater. Accrding t the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the UN, small-scale farmers currently prduce abut a third f ur fd.
____8____These inventins in new fd technlgy are heavily patented, pushing the future f ur fd supply further int the hands f an increasingly small and pwerful cllectin f multinatinal fd players. In ur race t lk fr better systems f fd prductin. We cannt affrd t ignre the risks.
A．Thus far Mnbit and I agree.
B．Mnbit’s enthusiasm fr creating fd in labs wrries me.
C．That is because I believe in the ptential f fd t be a frce fr gd.
D．Regenerative farming has prduced untested fd thrugh small-scale farms.
E．The health impact f prcessed fds gets very little attentin frm the gvernment.
F．Hwever, regarding the slutins needed t change ur farming and fd systems, we have different views.
【答案】5．F 6．A 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者和专栏作家乔治·蒙比尔特对于食物种植和新食品技术的看法。
5．根据上文“I have huge admiratin fr Gerge Mnbit, a well-knwn clumnist. His wrk has highlighted the urgent need t reduce ur CO2 emissins and switch t greener energy. He has als shwn intensive farming’s rle in the dramatic levels f species decline and bidiversity lss. Much f what he writes is in line with my stand.(我非常敬佩著名专栏作家乔治·蒙比尔特。他的工作强调了减少二氧化碳排放和转向绿色能源的迫切需要。他还展示了集约化农业在物种急剧减少和生物多样性丧失方面的作用。他写的很多东西都与我的立场一致)”结合后文论述了作者和乔治·蒙比尔特的不同观点，可知本句与上文构成转折。故F选项“然而，关于改变我们的农业和粮食系统所需要的解决方案，我们有不同的看法”符合语境，故选F。
6．根据后文“But in a recent article, he wrte that rganic, pasture-fed beef and lamb are the “wrld’s mst damaging farm prducts.” He criticises “chefs and fdies” like me fr fcusing n regenerative grazing — farming that aims t repair, rebuild, revitalize and restre ecsystem functin. His alternative visin includes a revlutin in creating fd in labs frm micrbes and water.(但在最近的一篇文章中，他写道，有机牧场饲养的牛羊肉是“世界上最具破坏性的农产品”。他批评像我这样的“厨师和美食家”专注于再生放牧——旨在修复、重建、振兴和恢复生态系统功能的农业。他的另一种设想包括在实验室里用微生物和水制造食物的革命)”可知，后文与本句构成转折，后文说明了观点的不同，可知本句是在说明二人都赞成的情况——即上文提到的“It is undeniable that the farming revlutin f the 1950s has started a war n nature. These intensive ways f prducing fd are nt nly plluting ur land and waterways, but are heating up ur planet and cntributing t a crisis in human health. We need t change the way we eat and prduce fd, and fast.(不可否认，20世纪50年代的农业革命已经开始了一场对自然的战争。这些密集的粮食生产方式不仅污染了我们的土地和水道，而且使我们的地球升温，并导致人类健康危机。我们需要改变饮食和生产食物的方式，而且要快)”。故A选项“到目前为止，Mnbit和我都同意”符合语境，故选A。
7．根据上文“Althugh nt ppsed t the idea f lab-grwn fd, I am much mre fr small-scale cmmunity-driven farming.(虽然我不反对实验室种植食物的想法，但我更支持小规模的社区农业)”可知，本句承接上文说明作者支持小规模社区农业的原因，故C选项“那是因为我相信食物有潜力成为一种向善的力量”符合语境，故选C。
8．根据后文“These inventins in new fd technlgy are heavily patented, pushing the future f ur fd supply further int the hands f an increasingly small and pwerful cllectin f multinatinal fd players. In ur race t lk fr better systems f fd prductin. We cannt affrd t ignre the risks.(这些新食品技术的发明获得了大量专利，将我们食品供应的未来进一步推向了越来越小而强大的跨国食品公司的手中。在我们寻找更好的粮食生产系统的竞赛中。我们不能忽视这些风险)”可知，后文主要说明了新食品技术发明的风险，即作者的担忧。故B选项“Mnbit在实验室创造食物的热情让我担心”符合语境，故选B。
（2022·上海金山·统考一模）I Am Nt a Rbt
An annyance, an imprtant security feature, an uncmfrtable request: hwever yu feel abut being asked t prve yu are nt a rbt, it has becme a daily ccurrence fr mst f us, but perhaps nt ne we wuld miss if it were t suddenly g away.
A new feature in the latest versins f iOS and macOS, Apple’s perating systems fr smartphnes and cmputers, prmises t give the bt t “captchas” nce and fr all. ____9____
“Smetimes a captcha is just a buttn t press,” said Apple engineer Tmmy Pauly. “But ther times it can be a challenge t fill ut.”
The term captcha is in fact an acrnym (首字母缩略词) fr “cmpletely autmated public Turing test (图灵测试) t tell cmputers and humans apart.” T help stp fraud (欺诈), these little tests ften pp up when yu’re signing up fr r nt a website.
____10____ If yu get it wrng, it may ask yu t start again, leading yu t wnder if yu really knw what a traffic light lks like—r if yu might really be a rbt after all.
But captchas are nw fast becming unusable, making the Internet a wasteland f difficult puzzles. Users must struggle t d the mst basic things. “We’ve literally all fund urselves at ne time r anther cmplaining: ‘Thse were all the pictures with traffic lights,” said Effie Le Mignan, a researcher in scial cmputing at Newcastle University.
Internet users struggle t tell the difference between a wear f paint n a sidewalk and a frmalized crsswalk that’s ften requested in a traditinal captcha, and wrry that ne wrng answer may lck them ut f an accunt. ____11____
“Yu likely dn’t enjy being interrupted by these,” said Apple’s Tmmy Pauly. “I certainly dn’t. The reasn these experiences exist is t prevent dishnest activity. If yu run a server, yu dn’t want it t be defeated by fraud. ____12____”
The cmpany wrked with Fastly and Cludflare t build the new feature. It wrks by allwing yur device t send a statement cnfirming it is being used by a human t the requesting website.
A．This is becming a bigger issue as captchas have grwn increasingly cnfusing.
B．Therefre, when faced with smething really cnfusing, many peple simply give up.
C．Mst attempts t create accunts r t buy prducts cme frm cmmn users, but sme attempts can als cme frm attackers.
D．Called “autmatic cnfirmatin,” the technlgy will allw sites t cnfirm yu are nt a rbt withut yu having t d anything at all.
E．These tests may ask yu t spt all the traffic lights in a picture r t type ut sme special letters and numbers.
F．Althugh the service is tied t Apple’s iClud netwrk, the requesting site will nt receive any persnal infrmatin abut the user r their device.
【答案】9．D 10．E 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了互联网用户非常厌烦被要求证明自己不是机器人和为什么互联网用户会被要求证明自己不是机器人，以及苹果推出一个新功能改善体验。
9．根据前文“A new feature in the latest versins f iOS and macOS, Apple’s perating systems fr smartphnes and cmputers, prmises t give the bt t “captchas” nce and fr all.(苹果智能手机和电脑操作系统iOS和macOS最新版本的一项新功能承诺将一劳永逸地启动“验证码”)”，可推知，此处对新功能介绍的并不详细，所以空处是对这个功能的进一步说明，D项“Called “autmatic cnfirmatin,” the technlgy will allw sites t cnfirm yu are nt a rbt withut yu having t d anything at all.(这项技术被称为“自动确认”，无需你做任何事情，网站就能确认你不是机器人。)”符合文意，是对这个功能的进一步说明。故选D项。
10．根据后文“If yu get it wrng, it may ask yu t start again, leading yu t wnder if yu really knw what a traffic light lks like—r if yu might really be a rbt after all.(如果你弄错了，它可能会让你重新开始，让你怀疑你是否真的知道红绿灯的样子——或者你是否真的是个机器人)”可知，可推知，前文是在讲做测试，做错了会有什么后果，所以E项“These tests may ask yu t spt all the traffic lights in a picture r t type ut sme special letters and numbers.(这些测试可能会要求你找出图片中所有的红绿灯，或者输入一些特殊的字母和数字)”符合文意。故选E项。
11．根据前文“Internet users struggle t tell the difference between a wear f paint n a sidewalk and a frmalized crsswalk that’s ften requested in a traditinal captcha, and wrry that ne wrng answer may lck them ut f an accunt.(互联网用户很难分辨人行道上油漆的磨损和传统通行证中经常要求的正式人行横道之间的区别，并担心一个错误的答案可能会让他们无法登录)”可推知，空处应是对此句话下结论，所以B项“Therefre, when faced with smething really cnfusing, many peple simply give up.(因此，当面对一些真正令人困惑的事情时，许多人就放弃了)”符合文意。故选B项。
12．根据前文“I certainly dn’t. The reasn these experiences exist is t prevent dishnest activity. If yu run a server, yu dn’t want it t be defeated by fraud.(我肯定不喜欢。这些体验存在的原因是为了防止不诚实的行为。如果您运行一个服务器，您不希望它被欺诈打败)”此处属于引用他人说的话，话还未说完，可推知，空处应该是对这些体验存在原因进一步解释，所以C项“Mst attempts t create accunts r t buy prducts cme frm cmmn users, but sme attempts can als cme frm attackers.(大多数创建账户或购买产品的尝试都来自普通用户，但也有一些尝试来自攻击者)”符合文意。故选C项。
（2023·上海杨浦·统考一模）Tuching Emji(表情符号)
Distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic has made bth physical and scial cnnectins a tuch mre difficult t maintain. Fr Stanfrd University graduate student Millie Salvat, being apart frm her mther n the ppsite cast has prved challenging.
____13____ In a new study, she and her clleagues demnstrated a wearable sleeve that can simulate (模拟) human tuch and cnvey abstract scial messages sent electrnically. Salvat and her team measured hw 37 participants expressed scial infrmatin in different situatins. In each test, ne persn wre a pressure-sensing device n an arm, and anther tuched it t respnd t situatins invlving six intended meanings: attentin seeking, gratitude, happiness, calming, lve and sadness
After cllecting 661 tuch mvements-squeezes, strkes, shakes, pkes, and the like-Salvat and her clleagues mapped the lcatin and pressure f each. ____14____ Finally, they prgrammed a wearable sleeve t simulate these mvements using eight embedded disks that shake when electrnically signaled.
“It desn’t feel like an actual human hand ... but it desn’t feel like these separate mtins either,” Salvat says, as ne might expect frm large mving disks. “It feels nice, hnestly.” ____15____ Fr cmparisn, a previus study frm Gerling’s labratry fund participants culd match situatins fr tuches frm real human hands 57 percent f the time.
In the new study, “I think it’s interesting that participants can reliably understand what tuch has been delivered t them at a pretty high rate, given the scarce amunt f infrmatin that they have available t them,” Gerling says.
Previus research has fund that scial tuch is imprtant fr physical and mental health. ____16____
A．One can’t help but wnder when new tech will cnvey emtin thrugh a virtual tuch.
B．Even with n training, 30 new study participants crrectly matched the simulated tuches t the six situatins 45 percent f the time.
C．Smetimes a text r vide call is nt enugh, and peple in Salvat’s situatin ften lng fr a way t send a lving tuch r cmfrting squeeze frm afar.
D．In the future, instead f just sending a <3 t a lved ne by phne r cmputer, adding a “tuch emji” might help us feel just a little bit clser.
E．Next, they used a machine-learning sftware t select the mvements that were mst reliably part f each respnse.
F．“It’s a unique wrk that lks at hw ur scial tuch is delivered and then... hw t reprduce it,” says Gerling, a tuch researcher nt invlved in the study.
【答案】13．C 14．E 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了斯坦福大学的研究生米莉·萨尔瓦托以及同事研发的“触摸表情符号”。
13．上文“Fr Stanfrd University graduate student Millie Salvat, being apart frm her mther n the ppsite cast has prved challenging.(对于斯坦福大学的研究生米莉·萨尔瓦托来说，与远在大洋彼岸的母亲分开对她来说是一种挑战。)”提到Millie Salvat与远在大洋彼岸的母亲分开让她感觉很不好，下文“In a new study, she and her clleagues demnstrated a wearable sleeve that can simulate (模拟) human tuch and cnvey abstract scial messages sent electrnically. Salvat and her team measured hw 37 participants expressed scial infrmatin in different situatins.(在一项新的研究中，她和她的同事们展示了一种可穿戴的袖子，它可以模拟人类的触觉，并通过电子方式传递抽象的社会信息。Salvat和她的团队测量了37名参与者在不同情况下表达社会信息的方式。)”提到了一种可以模拟人类触觉的可佩戴式袖子，因此推断C项“有时短信或视频电话是不够的，像塞尔瓦托这样的人常常渴望能从远处传递出爱的触摸或安慰的拥抱。”符合语境，承接上文说明塞尔瓦托想念母亲，渴望获得母亲的爱的触摸和安慰的拥抱，引出下文对模拟人类触觉的可佩戴式袖子的介绍。故选C。
14．上文“After cllecting 661 tuch mvements-squeezes, strkes, shakes, pkes, and the like-Salvat and her clleagues mapped the lcatin and pressure f each.( 萨尔瓦托和她的同事们在收集了661种触摸动作——挤压、抚摸、摇晃、戳戳等等——之后，绘制了每种动作的位置和压力。)”讲述了研发过程，收集动作，绘制动作的位置和压力，下文“Finally, they prgrammed a wearable sleeve t simulate these mvements using eight embedded disks that shake when electrnically signaled.(最后，他们设计了一个可佩戴的袖子，用八个嵌入的磁盘模拟这些运动，当电子信号发出时，这些磁盘就会抖动。)”讲述研发最终的结果，因此推断空处也是讲述研发过程，因此推断E项“接下来，他们使用机器学习软件来选择每个反应中最可靠的动作。”next呼应下文的finally，故选E。
15．下文“Fr cmparisn, a previus study frm Gerling’s labratry fund participants culd match situatins fr tuches frm real human hands 57 percent f the time.( 相比之下，格林实验室之前的一项研究发现，参与者在57%的情况下能够匹配真人手的触摸。)”中的“Fr cmparisn”说明空格处与下文进行对比，说明参与者的匹配情况，因此推断B项“即使没有经过训练，30名新研究参与者在45%的时间也会将模拟触摸与六种情况正确匹配。”符合语境。故选B。
16．上文“Previus research has fund that scial tuch is imprtant fr physical and mental health.(之前的研究发现，社交接触对身心健康都很重要。)”说明接触对身心健康很重要，因此推断D项“在未来，与其通过手机或电脑向爱人发送<3，不如添加一个“触摸表情符号”可能会让我们感觉更近一点。”符合语境，说明既然社交触摸对身心健康有好处，那么添加触摸表情符号应该更好。故选D。
（2023·上海·上海中学校考模拟预测）Changing Smene’s Mind at the Dinner Table
Family gatherings can bring up tpics we prefer t avid. With the festive seasn in full swing, it might be hard t stay away frm sme annying relatives. At sme pint, yu knw they will say smething like: ”Genetically mdified fds are nt safe t eat“ r ”Climate change is a cnspiracy”. (Surely, all these statements are untrue.)
____17____ “Is it wrth making an effrt t crrect peple?” says Jasn Reifler at the University f Exeter, UK, wh studies ways f challenging misperceptins. I think s. ____18____
Obviusly, it is far mre difficult t prve false beliefs wrng than t spread them.
Take a classic: “The climate has always changed, it’s nthing t d with humans.” T fight this, yu need t explain hw the wrld is nw warming at an alarming rate, when therwise it wuld be cling slightly were it nt fr ur carbn dixide emissins.
____19____ “Parallel” arguments can ften highlight lgical errrs very effectively, says Jhn Ck f Gerge Masn University, Virginia. Fr instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because peple have always stlen frm each ther, leaving yur huse unlcked wn’t increase the risk f burglary (入室抢劫).
But yu need t be aware f the backfire (适得其反的)effect. ____20____ This was discuraging news fr the fight against false beliefs. “The last thing yu want t d when debunking (驳斥) misinfrmatin is make matters wrse,” wrte Ck and Stephan Lewandwsky at the University f Bristl, UK, in The Debunking Handbk, a shrt guide published in2011. Hwever, mre recent studies are far mre encuraging. It’s nt as cmmn as we initially thught,“ says Lewandwsky.
A．This is the idea that trying t change smene’s false belief can make them believe it mre strngly.
B．Hwever, mre recent studies are far mre encuraging.
C．Anyne can spread a lie, but it usually takes a bit f time and knwledge t explain why a statement is wrng.
D．But smetimes there are shrtcuts t make yur pint cnvincing.
E．If yu are nt sure f the facts, d sme web brwsing n yur phne rather than trying t wing it.
F．If this happens, yu dn’t have t just sit there quiet.
【答案】17．F 18．C 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何在餐桌上改变某人的想法。
17．根据后文““Is it wrth making an effrt t crrect peple?” says Jasn Reifler at the University f Exeter, UK, wh studies ways f challenging misperceptins. I think s.(“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大学的Jasn Reifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解。我想是的。)”可知，后文提到Jasn Reifler纠正别人是值得的，所以针对第一段发生的情况，不必只是坐在那里。故F选项“如果发生这种情况，你不必只是安静地坐在那里”符合语境，故选F。
18．根据上文““Is it wrth making an effrt t crrect peple?” says Jasn Reifler at the University f Exeter, UK, wh studies ways f challenging misperceptins. I think s.(“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大学的Jasn Reifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解。我想是的。)”可知，上文提到Jasn Reifler研究的是如何挑战误解，且鼓励人们去澄清误解，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明如何来解释一个陈述是错误的情况。故C选项“任何人都可以散布谎言，但通常需要一些时间和知识来解释为什么一个陈述是错误的”符合语境，故选C。
19．根据后文““Parallel” arguments can ften highlight lgical errrs very effectively, says Jhn Ck f Gerge Masn University, Virginia. Fr instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because peple have always stlen frm each ther, leaving yur huse unlcked wn’t increase the risk f burglary (入室抢劫).(弗吉尼亚州乔治梅森大学的约翰·库克说，“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错误。例如，“气候总是在变化”的神话就像是声称因为人们总是互相偷东西，所以不锁房子不会增加入室盗窃的风险)”可知，后文提到“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错误，即有其它方法可以让自己的观点更令人信服。故D选项“但是有时候有捷径可以让你的观点令人信服”符合语境，故选D。
20．根据上文“But yu need t be aware f the backfire (适得其反的) effect.(但你需要注意适得其反的效果)”以及后文“This was discuraging news fr the fight against false beliefs.(对于打击错误信念的斗争来说，这是一个令人沮丧的消息)”可知，本句进一步论述会产生何种适得其反的效果：试图改变一个人的错误信念可以让他们更坚定地相信它。故A选项“这个观点认为，试图改变一个人的错误信念可以让他们更坚定地相信它”符合语境，故选A。A But studying the chimpanzees f Gmbe was nt easy.
B. Until that time, nly humans were thught t create tls.
C.These bservatins disprve the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian.
D. S she learns t be a secretary and wrks fr a time at Oxfrd University typing dcuments.
E.Hwever Jane lves the ty and names the chimpanzee Jubilee carting it with her everywhere.
F. Sme schlars and scientists give lane a cld receptin and criticize her fr giving the chimpanzees names.
A.Hwever,this is nt the case when libraries lend e-bks.
B. This may nt be a big issue nw, fr e-bks are minr in publishing.
C. Als, publishers assume get mre prfits frm libraries where readers pay them mre.
D. Publishing cntracts ften dn't specify whether and hw much authrs receive fr e-bks sales r fr e-lending.
E. Extensin alne wuld d little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed frm bks t e-bks.
F. Fr this reasn, authrs and publishers have been talking the Gvernment int extending the Lending Rights Schemes t e-bks.