重难点07 7选5（热点话题）-2022年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（全国通用）

【命题趋势】

阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。

从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。

文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题—提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。

【满分技巧】

【答题技巧】

细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接)

1.词汇的衔接

（1)词汇复现

复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。

（2)代词线索

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。

2.逻辑关系的衔接

    过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：

A, 并列关系：First, then/next,...; for one thing, for another thing ,...; then /next ,finally/last 等。

B, 递进关系：too, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, in addition,not ...but..., not only ...but also等。

C, 解释例证关系：for example, for instance, actually ,in other words /that is to say 等

D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such ...that ..., so that ...等

E, 转折对比关系：however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless等

F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word , to sum up 等。

3.篇章结构类题解题技巧

根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略

（1)如果问题在段首

    通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。

   （2)如果问题在段尾

   通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

【解题步骤】

我们可以尝试以下四步走。

1. 先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。

2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。

3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。

4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。

【热点话题】

    七选五热衷的话题有：学生生活，运动健康，社会现象

【限时检测】（建议用时：每篇7分钟）

A

（2021·浙江·绍兴市柯桥区教师发展中心模拟预测）

根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

In a highly-connected world where your phone is always with you, information is being collected and shared every second.“So what?” you say. “I have nothing to hide.” 1.       According to some experts, people may not understand the scope (范围) of the problem.

The problem is that while companies and data brokers are hovering up all the information they can, there are no laws governing what they can do with that information. 2.       Someone knowing that you ordered three extra-large pizzas for dinner last Friday night may seem harm-less enough, but there's a deeper principle at play. 3．        As cyber expert Bruce Schneier says, “Privacy is a basic human right, and a requirement for maintaining the human condition with dignity and respect.”

4.        We click “I Agree” without reading the user agreements. We say we will do one of those privacy checkups one day. but we never quite get around to it. And that means your personal information could be used against you in the future in ways you can't imagine today.

So what can you do to protect yourself? 5.        If you' re worried about your personal information getting lifted, don't hand over your name, address, or phone number easily. Besides, choose a paper receipt or no receipt rather than getting one via text or e-mail. To stop your phone acting as a tracker, also turn off Location Services for all apps except maps andothers that expressly need to know where you are. You can do this in settings, under Privacy and Location.

A．Don’t be so sure.

B．Yet we do little to block the spies.

C．Care about who owns and controls the data.

D．We don't want to prevent all Internet spying.

E.Privacy is not just about freedom from embarrassment.

F.You can minimize some unwanted spying by taking these measures.

G.That includes things you thought were private, such as your health data, beliefs and daily habits.

B

（2021·海南·一模）

根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Teach Your Kids to Enjoy Hiking

Hiking is one of my family's favorite things to do. Ever since my kids were babies, we've been getting out of the house on most weekends to explore and get exercise.

6.       I get this question a lot from others who express surprise at my 5-aged children's ability to walk 10 miles or their willingness to climb 2 , 800-foot peaks. They say their children don't even want to walk to school, let alone walk for hours in rough conditions. So what's the secret?

In fact, there is no secret. 7.       I don't mean physical drills. I mean building their confidence through experience of hiking with regularity.

I've made a list of the things I think about whenever we head out on a multi-hour hike. This list has expanded over the years, as I've learned what works and what doesn't. 8.       But for anyone starting out hiking with kids, I recommend you keep these suggestions in mind.

Eat before you leave and carry food and water. 9.       That way you avoid kids complaining about being hungry within a few minutes of starting.

Show them a route map. Kids like knowing where they are in the world, and maps are perfect for helping them understand that. I always take some time before we leave to show them where we are and where we're headed. Point out landmarks they will see. Talk about how long it will take. 10.       

Invite another family to join you, especially one whose kids know how to hike, too. Having company will motivate all of the children to push forward.

A．How do we benefit from hiking?

B．But how can we manage to do it?

C．And I'd like to share my list with you.

D．So they don't ask me, " Are we there yet?"

E.Not every family's list will look the same.

F.It's just years of training that gets them to this point.

G.We usually have a quick bite before we set off.

C

（2021·山东省实验中学模拟预测）

根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Today it is common to see people who walk about with colored wires hanging from their ears wherever they go. They move about in their personal bubbles，sometimes unaware of what’s happening around them. 11．      Outside life is shut out. So are you one of “them”?

For me, walking around in my own personal bubble is perfect. 12.       What’s even better, wearing earphones seems to give a signal to people which says：“I'm not available for chatting at the moment.”

Suppose you’re at work and about to make an incredible breakthrough，but a colleague suddenly turns up. At this precise moment，the slightest disturbance would break your concentration. 13.       Once again，those wires hanging from your ears would be sure to give that “Go away!” signal.

14.         It’s probably part of the growing up stage when they just want to ignore their whole family. While their mothers give them lectures about why they should do their homework，they can just turn up the volume on their MP3 player, smile and say “Yes, Mum.” Problem solved.

Pretty soon，not only will we have pretty colored wires hanging from our ears，but also our brains will be directly plugged into some new high-tech instrument. We’ll be in a virtual world，communicating with everyone else，as we like. In this world，we will all be permanently plugged in. 15.       And they are changing our social habits along the way.

In the end, there is a thin line between using technology as a tool for making life better and being a slave to it! It’s so strange—suddenly. I don’t feel like wearing my earphones anymore.

A．Our instruments are changing quickly.

B．I also have wires hanging from my ears.

C．In the home situation，teenagers love these wires.

D．I don’t have to deal with the noise from the environment.

E.After all，I am listening to my favourite music and would rather not be disturbed.

F.They walk around in their own spaces, with their personal “digital noise reduction systems”.

G.Listening to music through earphones is one of the perfect ways to ignore such interruptions.

D

（2021·吉林·东北师大附中模拟预测）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Feel Connected

It's easy to feel disconnected from what is going on around you in today's fast-paced world. 16.      You can get in touch and feel connected, however, by following the tips below:

Consider why you feel disconnected. Knowing what is making you feel disconnected can help you choose the best ways to address it. 17.      Ask yourself these questions: Are you keeping yourself occupied with work too much? Do you rely on electronic communication instead of face-to-face communication? Do you lack friendships that are satisfying?

Interact with people in person. Technology is a great way to stay in touch, but sometimes you need to spend time with other people in person. 18.       You can also take steps to feel more connected by making small-talk with strangers who arc sharing parts of your day.

19.       Your loved ones could feel shy, so you may never know how to improve your relationship unless you ask the right questions. Asking them to open the doors can give you some insight on what you can do. Learning this information can help to strengthen your bond.

Show appreciation. 20.        Unfortunately, it is something that people who are close often take for granted. Telling someone you appreciate their time, love, and efforts can strengthen your bond and help you to become more connected.

A．Ask others what they need from you.

B．A simple “thank you” goes a very long way.

C．Feeling connected gives people great confidence.

D．A gift should be delivered to friends on special occasions.

E.Sometimes you can feel isolated and distant from the ones you love.

F.Attending family events can help strengthen your relationship and keep it strong.

G.Targeting your efforts toward those issues allows you to close that distance more effectively.

E

（2021·江苏无锡·一模）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you think. Think, and then act. We need to take action on our dependence on plastic. We've been producing plastic in huge quantities. Drinking bottles, shopping bags and even clothes are made with plastic. 21.        What happens to all the rest? This is the question the film A Plastic Ocean answers.

The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale. But during the journey, the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge, thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean. 22.       In total, they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the film.

In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life. 23.       We see how marine species (海洋物种) are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping (倾倒) in the ocean. The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious.

24.        In the second half, the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem.

They present short - term and long -term solutions. These include avoiding plastic containers and recycle as much as you can. The filmmakers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes.

We make a shocking amount of plastic. Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year, and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans. The results are disastrous, but it isn't too late to change. 25.     

A．In conclusion, we only have one earth to live on.

B．But the film doesn't only present the negative side.

C．It has raised public concern all over the world.

D．These are contrasted with dumps of plastic rubbish.

E.Once you've seen the film, you'll realize it is time to do our part.

F.We live in a world full of plastic, and only a small amount is recycled.

G.This causes them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas.

G

（2021·北京·高考真题）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.  26.        The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.

27.       However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain.

Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 28.       While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers, listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.

When it comes to heart health, there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 29.       On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.

30.       But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable.

A．This feeling can also result in many other health problems.

B．Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.

C．This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.

D．They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.

E.The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.

F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.

G.Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.