连系动词后接不定式及常考连系动词讲义 2023届高考英语语法

这是一份连系动词后接不定式及常考连系动词讲义 2023届高考英语语法，共17页。
2023年高中英语语法精讲：连系动词后接不定式及常考连系动词 关于连系动词后接不定式■连系动词 be 后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。All you have to do is to listen. 你只需要听。■seem, appear, prove, turn out, grow 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是 to be)短语作表语：The man seemed to be ill. 这个人好像病了。The plan proved to be useful. 这个计划证明是有用的。He appears to know this. 他好像知道这一点。The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。若所接不定式为to be，通常可以省略。■sound, smell, feel, taste, become 等连系动词后通常不能接不定式：误：These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉 to be)误：The roses smell to be nice. (应去掉 to be)连系动词look后有时也可接to be，但以省略to be 为普通。
关于副词用作表语原则上说，连系动词后接形容词作表语，不接副词作表语。如：误：His English is very well. 他的英语很好。(应将 well 改为 good)误：Be carefully. 小心点。(应将 carefully 改为 careful)误：The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。(应将 nicely 改为 nice)但是，有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语，这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少数副词小品词以及 here, there, upstairs, downstairs 等少数表示地点或方位的副词：Is your mother in? 你母亲在家吗？Everyone is here now.  现在大家都到齐了。I must be off now. 我现在得走了。系动词run的用法run用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配。如：■run coldMy blood ran cold. 我的血都凉了。The sight of the dead body made his blood run cold. 他看见尸体不禁毛骨悚然。The water ran cold when I turned the tap on. 我把水龙头打开，水就凉了。■run dryThe well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。The little pond ran dry. 那座小池塘干涸了。The River Wey ran dry during the recent drought. 近来天气干旱，韦河干涸了。■run highFeelings against him ran high反对他的情绪高涨。Feeling over the dismissal ran high. 对解雇事件群情鼎沸。Passions ran high as the election approached. 选举日期临近，人们情绪很高涨。■run looseThe lion has run loose. 狮子从笼子里跑出来了。■run lowThe petrol’s running low. 汽油快用完了。We’re running low on petrol. 我们的汽油不多了。Our supplies are running low. 我们的供应品不多了。■run riotThe crowd ran riot in the streets. 群众在街上乱跑。Football hooligans ran riot through the town. 闹事的足球迷在城里胡作非为。Inflation is running riot and prices are out of control. 通货极度膨胀，物价失去控制。■run shortI have run short of money. 我缺钱。Go and get some more oil so we don’t run short. 去多弄些油来以免到时候用光了。I’m late for work every day and I’m running short of excuses. 我每天迟到，现在找不到什么藉口了。■run smallThese shirts run small. 这些衬衫小了。■run strongThe tide was running strong. 潮水上涨了。■run wildThe violets are running wild in the flower bed. 紫罗兰在花圃里乱长。Those boys have been allowed to run wild. 那些男孩子无人管教肆无忌惮。■有时跟副词或介词短语：My contract runs out in September. 我的合同九月份到期。Our supplies soon ran out. 我们的供应品很快用完。The truck’s run out of gas again. 卡车又没有汽油了。
系动词fall的用法fall用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词或名词搭配。如：■fall asleepThe child soon fell asleep. 孩子很快睡着了。While he was studying, he fell asleep. 他念书念得睡着了。He fell asleep with the light still burning. 灯还开着他睡着了。He said that if he fell asleep at the wheel she was to wake him up. 他说，如果他在开车时打瞌睡，她必须把他叫醒。■fall illTom suddenly fell ill yesterday. 汤姆昨天突然病了。He has fallen ill. 他病了。He was to have been the new ambassador, but he fell ill. 他本来要出任新大使，但是病倒了。■fall silentHe fell silent. 他静了下来。At the President’s entry everyone fell silent. 总统进来时大家都安静下来。■fall a victimHe fell a victim to her charms. 他成了她魅力的受害者。Lots of people fell victims to fascism. 许多人成了法西斯的受害人。■fall preyThe zebra fell prey to the lion. 那斑马被狮子捕食。She was prey to irrational fears. 她遭受着无端恐惧的折磨。
系动词rest的用法rest用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配。如：■rest a mysteryThe affair rests a mystery. 这件事一直是个谜。■rest easyRest easy. 不要紧张。■rest assuredYou can rest assured that I will do my best. 你放心，我会尽力。You can rest assured that I’ll do my best. 你可以放心我会尽力而为的。You may rest assured that everything possible is being done. 你尽管放心，正在尽力把一切都做好。You may rest assured that l will do everything I call to help you. 你可以相信我会尽力帮助你的。■rest thusThe matter rests thus—that you are responsible for the damage. 事实仍然是这样——你得对损坏负责。系动词continue的用法continue可用作连系动词，其后可接形容词、介词短语等。如：■接形容词He continued silent. 他继续沉默着。We hope the weather will continue fine. 我们希望天气继续很好。It did not seem likely that he would continue long in that position. 他似乎不太可能长期留在这个职位。■接介词短语Mother continues in weak health. 母亲身体仍然很虚弱。He continues in good condition. 他的健康情况仍然良好。After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longer up to the work / up to doing the work.  部长生病后继续任职，但他已力不胜任了。
系动词come和go■come 和 go 都可用作连系动词，表示事物状态的变化。The handle has come loose. 这个把柄松了。This envelope has come unstuck. 这封信开了。Wrong never comes right. 错的永远不会变成对的。Your shoe-laces have come undone. 你的鞋带散了。The package is about to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了。The children went wild with excitement. 孩子们欣喜若狂。She went pale at the news. 听了这消息她脸色变得苍白。He went mad in the end. 最后他疯了。Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 大热天鱼很容易坏。The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不应挨饿。■两者之后所接形容词通常各有其特点，有时还可从好坏方面去区别：即 come 用于“好”的变化，go 用于“坏”的变化。如：The meat has gone bad. 这肉变味了。Something has gone wrong with the radio. 这收音机什么地方出了毛病。Things will come right. 一切会顺利地进行。Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。■表示人的生理变化通常用 go。如：go blind 变瞎go deaf 变聋go grey 两鬓渐白但是 go 通常不与 old, ill, tired 等连用。become后可接哪些词 ■become用作连系动词，意为“成为”，其后可接：1. 名词They became great friends. 他们成了莫逆之交。He aims to become a computer expert. 他打算当一名电脑专家。She has become a painter of distinction. 她成了一名杰出的画家。2. 形容词She became very fond of her. 她变得非常喜欢她了。He soon became angry. 他过了一会儿就生气了。She has become familiar with the house. 她对这房子已变得很熟悉。I’ve become used to a vegetarian diet. 我已习惯于素食。3. 过去分词They had just become engaged. 他们刚刚订婚。At last the truth became known to us. 我们终于知道了真相。The room soon became crowded. 房间很快变得拥挤起来。Jamie was becoming annoyed with me. 杰米变得对我不高兴起来。■其后一般不接不定式他开始对生物感兴趣了。误：He became to be interested in biology.正：He became interested in biology.于是我们开始喜欢他了。误：Then we became to like him.正：Then we began [came] to like him.appear的用法 appear用作连系动词，其意为“似乎”“好像”，其后的表语可以是：■不定式He appeared to be talking to himself. 他仿佛在跟自己讲话。She didn’t appear to know anything about it. 她似乎对此一无所知。They appeared to be satisfied with the result. 他们似乎对结果感到满意。They aren’t as clever as they appear to be. 他们并不像他们看起来那样聪明。There appears to be little enthusiasm for your idea. 人们好像对你的想法不大热心。There seems to be something wrong here. 这儿好像有点不大对劲。■形容词He appeared quite well. 他显得身体相当好。He appears quite rich 他似乎相当富有。To compromise appears advisable. 看来以妥协为好。■名词He didn’t want to appear a fool. 他不愿显得像个傻瓜。It appears a true story. 这似乎是一件真事。■从句It appears that he forgot to sign the letter. 他似乎忘记在信上署名了。It appears (that) the plane did not land in Rome. 似乎飞机并未在罗马着陆。seem to be中的to be何时可以省略 一、后接形容词时当seem后接形容词作表语时，如果谈的是客观事实，即看上去肯定是真实的东西，通常用seem to be；如果谈的是主观印象，则通常只用seem。但由于这种区别在没有上下文的情况下并不总是很清楚，所以在许多情况下两个结构均可以用。如：He seems (to be) ill. 他似乎生病了。He seems (to be) quite happy. 他似乎很高兴。He seems (to be) quite rich 他似乎相当富有。She seems (to be) very sleepy today. 今天她看上去很困倦。但在有些情况下，由于其语境比较特殊，可能用其中一个结构比另一个结构更合适，如下面一句中的seems后最好不用to be：He seems older than he is. 他看上去比实际年龄大。二、后接名词时在名词前通常要用seem to be(尤其是当名词前带有定冠词或物主代词修饰时)，如以下各句中的to be均不能省略。如：He seemed to be the owner of the car. 他好像就是车主。I spoke to a man who seemed to be the boss. 我跟一个人说话，他看上去像是老板。Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 洗车似乎是你的主要爱好。但是，在着重表现主观感受的名词短语前，有时可以省去to be。此时名词前通常会有一个描绘性形容词修饰。如：It seems (to be) a good idea. 那似乎是个好主意。It seems (to be) a real bargain. 这东西似乎很便宜。下面一句中的fool前虽然没有形容词修饰，但a fool本身相当于形容词foolish：He seems (to be) a fool. 他似乎是个笨蛋。三、后接非谓语动词时后接不定式的被动式时，有时可以省略to be，而只保留过去分词(尤其是当其中的过去分词可用作形容词时更是如此)。如：Ann and Robert seem (to be) made for each other. 安和罗伯特真似天生的一对。She didn’t seem (to be) convinced by the argument. 这个论点似乎没有使她信服。但后接不定式的进行式时，通常不能省略to be，因为seem后习惯上不接现在分词作表语。所以，下面各句中的to be均不宜省略：History seems to be repeating itself. 历史似乎在重演。He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。His health seems to be improving little by little. 他健康状况看来正在好转。注：如果seem to be doing sth结构中的doing 不是现在分词，而是形容词，则可省略其中的to be。如：His idea seems (to be) exciting. 他的主意看来令人激动。She seemed (to be) lacking in enthusiasm. 她似乎缺乏热情。四、与there be结构连用时当seem用于there be结构时，其通常的表现形式为There seems to be…，其中的to be可以省略，也可以保留，但以保留为多见。如：There seems to be something wrong here. 这儿好像有点不大对劲。There seems to be a mistake in these figures. 这些数字中好像有个错误。There seemed (to be) nobody about, so I went in. 附近似乎没有人，因此我就走了进去。There seems (to be) every reason to believe that business will get better. 看来完全有理由相信生意会转好。注：省略to be后，seem便直接充当了be的作用。五、后接表语形容词时在作表语用的以a-开头的形容词前通常不能省略to be。如：He seemed to be alone. 他似乎是一个人。The children seem to be asleep. 孩子们似乎睡着了。The children seemed to be awake when I went into their room. 在我进屋时，孩子们似乎醒了。