全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块三千变万化的动词第5讲非谓语动词讲义教案

第5讲　非谓语动词

Ⅰ. 语法填空

1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 to find (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.

2. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷 )They represent the earth coming (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷 )They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

4. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷 )They are easy to care(care)for and make great presents.  

5. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

6. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged (challenge).

7. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.

Ⅰ. 语法填空四谨记

1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别

(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);

(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done); 

(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。

2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式

It’s+形容词+(for/of sb. +)to do sth. ; It’s no good/use/pleasure doing sth. ; find/think/believe/consider+it+ adj. +to do sth. 。

3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词

4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词

(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;

(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式形式。

Ⅱ. 短文改错

1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. (frying→fried)

2. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. (manage→managing)

3. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. (say→saying)

4. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)No matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me. (watching→watch)

5. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. (sell→selling)

Ⅱ. 短文改错二定法

1. “五”检查识别非谓语动词错误

(1)检查介词后的非谓语动词是否正确;

(2)检查作主语和宾语的非谓语动词形式是否合适; 

(3)检查并列结构中非谓语动词形式是否一致;

(4)检查分词作状语是主动还是被动;

(5)检查是否该有不定式符号to。

2. 重点关注-ing, -ed形容词区别

(1)在英语中, 有很多以-ing和-ed结尾的词, 可以用作名词修饰语, 构成形容词。

一般而言, 由-ing转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义, 由-ed转化来的形容词则带有被动意义。

(2)动词的-ed形式作表语, 主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态, 含有被动的意思; 而-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征, 含有主动的意思。

非谓语动词的时态和语态

　　非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词, 主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形式和-ed形式), 即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外, 可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

非谓语动词的时态语态一览表

1. 主、被动形式

非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时, 用主动形式; 与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。

※I got a letter saying that I was admitted to a key university.

※The bridge to be built will be the longest one on this river.

2. 时间先后关系

根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态:

(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式;

(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 用非谓语动词的完成式。

※Hearing the inspiring news, they all jumped with joy.

※I seem to have involved myself in something I don’t understand.

【小题快练】 单句语法填空

①Those who break the law will not escape being punished (punish).  

②Seeing (see)the platoon leader returning, everybody rushed up to meet him.

③Having played (play) all day, you must be thirsty.

④He is said to have studied (study)abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.

非谓语动词作主语、表语

1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。

(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作, 不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。

※Listening to music is my sister’s hobby.

※To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.

(2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有:  It is/was no use/good+doing sth. ;  It is/was not any use/good+doing sth. ;  It is/was of little use/good+doing sth. ;  It is/was useless doing sth. ;  It’s a waste of time doing sth. 等。

※It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.

※It is no good trying that method, because it won’t work.

※It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.

2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”, 而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。

※The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Hindu culture and traditions.

※At first she was terrified, then she pulled herself together.

※The most terrifying aspect of nuclear bombing is radiation.

【小题快练】 单句语法填空

①He told me what had happened in a frightened (frighten)voice.

②It is important for us to get (get)into contact with them as soon as possible.

③Getting tired (tire) of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.

非谓语动词作宾语

1. 只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:  suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。

2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: agree, intend/plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等。

3. 既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式的动词和短语:  remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, start, begin, try等。如:

※Do you remember being introduced to our president when you visited our school last month?

※I regret to inform you he died as a consequence of his injuries.

4. 不定式作decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等动词或动词短语的宾语时, 前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。

※The father wondered how to answer his son’s question.

5. need, require, want作“需要”讲, deserve作“应受, 应得”讲时, 其后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义或不定式的被动结构。

※This work needs doing/to be done carefully.

※The boy richly deserved punishing.

6. 固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth. +but/except(to)do sth. 中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to, 反之则有to的原则。

※I have nothing but praise for the police.

※I have a lot of homework every day, and I have no choice but to do it.

【小题快练】 单句语法填空

①He is so ill that he doesn’t feel like eating (eat) anything.

②I pretended to be (be)asleep but in fact I was awake.  

③I regret to inform (inform)you that I can not attend the meeting on Friday.  

④I tried to stand (stand)up, but I was completely exhausted.  

⑤By the end of class, she understood how to get (get) them right.

⑥I could do nothing but join (join)him after I hesitated for a few hours.

非谓语动词作宾语补足语

1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原), doing主动或正在进行, done表被动或完成。

※I heard her singing an English song when I passed by.

※I didn’t notice him get on the same bus.

2. 热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。

※The teacher had us make up conversations during classes.

※The teacher got the students to look up all the words they didn’t know.

3. 固定短语, 如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth. 等。

※The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead.

4. with/without复合结构常用形式:

※With all the work finished , they went out to play.

※I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.

※I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.

【小题快练】 单句语法填空

①Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke(smoke).

②Don’t let your children play (play)with matches.

③All the afternoon he worked with the door locked (lock).

④A policeman saw two thieves stealing (steal) a girl’s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once.

⑤With so many people to help(help) us, we are sure to finish it in time.

非谓语动词作定语

一、 动词不定式作定语

1. 动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。

※He was the last one to leave school yesterday. (主谓关系)

※She has a lot of work to do in the morning. (动宾关系)

【点津】动词不定式既可用主动形式也可用被动形式, 但其含义有所不同。试比较:

※Do you have anything to buy? (动作的执行者是“你”)

※Do you have anything to be bought? (动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)

2. 当名词或代词被序数词, 形容词最高级, the last, the only等修饰, 且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时, 常用动词不定式作定语。

※The best place to catch fish on a canal is close to a lock.

3. 当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时, 常用不定式作后置定语, 且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity等。

※We should develop the students’ ability to solve problems.

【点津】在作定语的动词不定式中, 如果其中的动词是不及物动词, 不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等, 不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。

※Would you please give me some paper to write on?

※The shopping mall is a good place to go.

二、动词-ing形式作定语

当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。

※The child standing over there is my brother.

【点津】被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动形式作定语, 表示该动作的被动和进行。

※The house being built over there will be our new library.

三、动词-ed形式作定语

动词-ed形式作定语, 分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。

※The book written by Moyan is very popular.

【点津】作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行;  done表示已经完成。

boiling water正在沸腾的水　boiled water开水

【小题快练】 单句语法填空

①The problem discussed (discuss) at the meeting room yesterday was in vain.

②The meeting to be held (hold)next week is about how we can deal with this problem.

③The boy crying (cry) over there is my younger brother.

④What do you think is the best way to protect(protect) the wild animals?  

⑤Do you have anything to say(say) for yourself?  

⑥Do you have the ability to read (read) and write English.

非谓语动词作状语

1. 动词不定式作状语, 表示目的、结果、原因等。

(1)作目的状语, 有时用in order to或so as to, 但so as to不用于句首。

※(2019·江苏高考) To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.

※In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work.

(2)作结果状语, 其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语, 常用结构enough to, so/such. . . to, too. . . to. . . , only to等。

※You’re old enough to travel on the train by yourself.

※He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.

(3)作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。

※He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order.

【点津】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语, 构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构, 不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

※The materials are soft and comfortable to wear.

2. 动词-ing形式作状语

动词-ing形式作状语, 常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等, 与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

※We hear of women who run away, leaving behind their homes and families.

※(2020·天津高考)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet clapping for 10 minutes at the end of the show.

【点津】动词不定式作结果状语时, 常表示意想不到的结果; 而动词-ing形式作结果状语时, 常表示自然而然的结果。

※Hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.

3. 动词-ed形式作状语

(1)动词-ed形式作状语, 分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。

※(2020·江苏高考)Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.

(2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化, 且往往用于一些系表结构中, 此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动, 也不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐瞒的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……的), tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。

※He hid his face in his hands again, lost in his own thoughts.

※He was a big man in his forties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.

【点津】有部分分词或不定式短语作状语, 其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响, 这种结构称为独立成分。常用的有considering. . . (鉴于, 考虑到);  generally speaking(总的来说);  judging by/from. . . (从……来看, 依据……来判断); supposing that. . . (假定……);  providing that. . . (假定……); given that. . . (鉴于, 由于……)

4. 独立主格结构

(1)独立主格结构的特点: 

a. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在;

b. 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; 

c. 独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。

(2)独立主格结构的构成: 　

名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。

※Every morning the old man walks in the park, his pet dog following him along(=and his pet dog follows him along).

※She stood there, her eyes looking upward into the sky and her hands crossed on her breast.

【小题快练】 单句语法填空

①Weather permitting(permit), we will go for a picnic this Saturday.

②Whether this will be successful or not is still difficult to predict(predict).  

③Tom rushed to classroom only to be told (tell) it was a Sunday.

④Hearing(hear) that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.

⑤Praised (praise) by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. Having the opportunity to speak (speak) Mandarin every day really improved my learning.

2. We hope that National Chinese Characters Contest will get more people to brush (brush)up our written language.

3. There were also a lot of people making (make) special drawings to help them recall important moments.

4. Thus, it will be the third Chinese city to host (host) the games.

5. Facebook CEO Zuckerberg just had a baby girl named Max, and to honour (honour) the occasion, he’s giving away the majority of his wealth.

6. You will be deeply impressed by the best quality guaranteed (guarantee) by our rich experience on group operation.

Ⅱ. 语法填空

　　What annoys you most in life?  A new survey on annoying things has some interesting findings. The report 1. __________(divide) into a number of categories. Transport comes fairly high up in the list, with buses, planes and trains all capable

2. __________ driving us mad. Some of the things we find most irritating (令人恼火的) about buses include missing a bus, 3. __________(particular) after running to the bus stop, and people in buses who crowd near the entrance 4. __________(refuse) to move down to the end of the bus.  

　　The airport is also a place that can really wind us up. Being hit by out-of-control luggage carts or being caught on the ankles by someone who can’t control them properly is enough to make us see red. Getting in 5. __________ slow-moving queue to check in our baggage when our flight is about to leave 6. __________ (be) also enough to make our blood pressure soar. 7. __________ (delay) flights are obviously annoying, but airlines that refuse to keep us up to date with the latest travel information make us even 8. __________ (angry).  

　　The train 9. __________ (cause) bother as well. Blocked toilets, buffet cars with no sandwiches and passengers 10. __________ make loud mobile phone calls all appear on the list.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了乘坐公交车、飞机和火车等交通工具会遇到的一些烦人事。

1. 【解析】is divided。考查动词时态和语态。主语report与谓语动词divide构成被动关系, 且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为单数名词report, 谓语动词用单数。故填is divided。

2. 【解析】of。考查介词。表示“能够做某事”短语为be capable of doing sth. 。故填of。

3. 【解析】particularly。考查副词。修饰后文介词短语after running to the bus stop应用副词particularly, 表示“特别”。故填particularly。

4. 【解析】refusing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知refuse在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 与逻辑主语people构成主动关系, 故应用现在分词。故填refusing。

5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。名词queue此处表泛指应用不定冠词, 且slow-moving为辅音音素开头的单词, 故应用a。故填a。

6. 【解析】is。考查主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实应用一般现在时, 且句子主语为动名词短语Getting in a slow-moving queue to check in our baggage when our flight is about to leave, 故谓语动词应用单数。故填is。

7. 【解析】Delayed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知delay在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 与逻辑主语flights构成被动关系, 故应用过去分词作定语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Delayed。

8. 【解析】angrier。考查比较级。结合句意表示“更愤怒的”, 应用形容词比较级angrier。故填angrier。

9. 【解析】causes。考查名词的数。cause为可数名词, 句中为一般现在时, 后文bother为动词原形, 可知此处应用复数形式。故填causes。

10. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词passengers, 且先行词在从句中作主语, 指人, 故应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。

Ⅲ. 短文改错

　　With my homework was finished last Sunday, I went to the countryside to see my grandfather. At about 9, I set off and arrived at my home after an hour. Seen me, he felt very excited and welcomed me warm. I handed him the fresh fruit bought in the supermarket but he gave me some snacks. Then we went to catch fish. It was not long after we caught a lot of fish. Having brought them home, my grandfather cooked some to me. After lunch, I helped him clean the house and he praised me with big smile on his face. When it was time for me to leave, my grandfather gave me some gifts what I liked very much, and hugged me. It was so a beautiful day that I will remember it forever.

答案:

1. 【解析】第一句去掉finished前的was。考查with复合结构。分析句子成分可知, 该句使用了“with+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构作状语, 根据句意, finish与宾语my homework之间为被动关系, 故应用过去分词形式finished, was多余, 故去掉finished前的was。

2. 【解析】第二句 my→his。考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意, 这里指的是作者到了“他的”家, 即爷爷家, 故将my改为his。

3. 【解析】第三句Seen→Seeing。考查现在分词作状语。分析句子可知, 该句主语为he, see与之是主动关系, 应用现在分词形式, 故将Seen改为Seeing。

4. 【解析】第三句warm→warmly。考查副词。分析句子成分可知, 此处作状语, 修饰动词welcome, 应用副词形式, 故将warm改为warmly。

5. 【解析】第四句 but→and。考查并列连词。根据句子逻辑, 前后分句为并列关系, 故将but改为and。

6. 【解析】第六句after→before。考查从属连词。根据句意, “没过多久就……”应用句型“It was not long before. . . ”结构, 故将after改为before。

7. 【解析】第七句to→for。考查介词。“为……(做饭)”表对象, 应用介词for, 故将to改为for。

8. 【解析】第八句big前加a。考查不定冠词。smile作名词时通常用作不可数, 在此处表具体意义视为可数, 其前常用不定冠词修饰, a big smile为固定搭配, 意为“大大的微笑”, 故在big前加a。

9. 【解析】第九句what→that。考查定语从句关系代词。分析句子成分可知, 该句先行词为some gifts, 在其后所带的定语从句中充当宾语, 应用that引导, 故将what改为that。

10. 【解析】第十句 so→such。考查固定结构。分析句意, 修饰名词“a beautiful day (美好的一天)”应用such, 构成“such+a/an (+形容词)+单数可数名词”结构, “如此美好的一天”常译为such a beautiful day, 故将so改为such。

Ⅳ. 写作运用

　　补全下面写作, 注意动词的运用。

Dear Smith,

How are you doing?  I’m writing 1. to invite you to our English party to be held on June 1st at the school stadium (邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体育场举行的英语晚会), which is a good chance 2. to display your English talent (展现你的英语才能) and motivate students’ interest in English learning. During the party you will have a feast of varieties of 3. English activities well prepared by ourselves (我们自己准备的英语活动), including 4. reciting English poems (背英语诗歌)and singing famous English songs, which I think will surely give you a big surprise. Besides, I’d like to remind you that the party starts at 6: 30 pm and ends at

8: 00 pm, so please come on time if it is convenient for you. Looking forward to

5. sharing with you the pleasant time in the party (与你分享聚会中的愉快时光)!  

Yours,

Li Hua